I032r01 (Delta C Water Cut Monitor Operation Guide)

Water Cut Monitor
Operation Guide
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I032r01 (Water Cut Monitor Operation Guide) Page 1 of 37
Table of Contents
Section 1 – Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………… 4
1.1 Capacitance Measurement 4
1.2 Field Calibration 4
1.3 Multi-Curve Calibration 4
1.4 Sample Collection 4
1.5 Sample Analysis 5
1.6 Communication 5
1.7 Hazardous Areas Classification 5
1.8 General Specifications 5
1.9 Referenced Industry Standards 5
Section 2 - Operating Considerations …………………………………………………………….. 6

2.1 Fluid Stream Conditioning 6
2.2 Flow Rate & Velocity 6
2.3 Fluid Temperature 6
2.4 Fluid Composition 6
2.5 Fluid Density 7
2.6 Free Water 7
2.7 Free Gas 7
2.8 Pipeline Pressure 7
2.9 Fluid Salinity 7
Section 3 – Communications Overview …………………………………………………………... 8

3.1 RS-232 / V200 User Interface 8
3.2 RS-485 Modbus 8
3.3 4-20mA Analog Output 8
3.4 Alarm Relay 8
3.5 Density Signal Input & Transmission 8
Section 4 – Basic Configuration ……………………………………………………………………. 9

4.1 RS-232 COM Port Assignment 9
4.2 RS-485 Modbus Configuration 9
4.3 Analog Output Range 9
4.3.1 Set Zero Scale (4mA) 9
4.3.2 Set Full Scale (20mA) 10
4.3.3 Trim Zero Scale 10
4.3.4 Trim Full Scale 10
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4.4 Alarm Relay Configuration 10
4.4.1 Alarm Pick-up 10
4.4.2 Alarm Drop-out 10
4.4.3 Alarm Delay 10
4.5 Measurement Units 10
4.5.1 Set Temperature Units 10
4.5.2 Set Water Volume (BS&W) Units 10
4.6 Measurement Output Averaging 10
4.6.1 Set Water Volume (BS&W) Averaging 10
4.6.2 Set Analog Output Averaging 11
4.6.3 Set Temperature Averaging 11
Section 5 – Field Calibration ………………………………………………………..……………….. 11

5.1 Calibration Method Selection 11
5.1.1 Single Point (CS) Basic Method 12
5.1.2 Two Point (CF) Basic Method 13
5.1.3 Two Point (CN) Advanced Method 14
5.1.4 Three Point (CW) Advanced Method 15
5.2 Temperature Compensation (TC) 16
5.2.1 Estimated TC 16
5.2.2 Calculated TC 16
5.3 Slope 17
5.4 Calibration Procedures 17
5.4.1 Single Point (CS) Basic Calibration 18
5.4.2 Two Point (CF) Basic Calibration 22
5.4.3 Two Point (CN) Advanced Calibration 25
5.4.4 Three Point (CW) Advanced Calibration 26
Section 6 – Appendices………………………………………………………………………………. 29
6.1 General Specifications 29
6.2 Wiring Diagram 30
6.3 RS-485 Modbus Configuration 31
6.4 V200UI Download & Installation 34
6.5 Product Markings 36
6.6 Industry Standards 37
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SECTION 1 - INTRODUCTION
The Delta C Water Cut Monitor is an online capacitance measurement device which monitors
changes in the water content present in crude oils, condensates and refined petroleum fluids.
This guide will explain the basic principles of operation, communication, configuration and field
calibration for all current models of the Delta C Water Cut Monitor.
Please Note:
This Operation Guide is intended to be read in conjunction with the V200 User Interface Guide.
The following introductory points explain key considerations and product features:
1.1 Capacitance Measurement

Capacitance measurement incorporates the unique dielectric properties of water and oil, where
changes in the ratio of water and oil equate to changes in capacitance. In general, an increase in
water volume creates an increase in capacitance. A decrease in water volume decreases
capacitance. Capacitance variations measured by the Delta C are converted to actual water
volume by the onboard processor and output to the user in either percent or parts per million.
1.2 Field Calibration

Since the water volume measurement is based on capacitance variation, it is essential to field
calibrate the Delta C to a baseline capacitance value under field conditions. Several field
calibration methods are available with the Delta C and are described in Section 5 of this Operation
Guide.
Note: Delta C factory (bench scale) calibration is only possible if the fluid to be measured is
commercially manufactured to specification and made available to the Delta C factory.
1.3 Multi-Curve Calibration

Multi‐Curve Calibration enables the user to create and store up to fifty distinct calibration profiles
or “curves” within the Delta C onboard processor. Multi‐Curve Calibration would normally be used
when multiple process fluids are being shipped through a single pipeline in separate batches, and
the dielectric characteristics of each fluid are unique enough to warrant distinct calibrations.
Switching of curves may be done manually through the V200 User Interface, or more commonly
through Modbus commands issued to the Delta C from the users PLC via RS‐485 communication.
1.4 Sample Collection

A critical success factor in field calibration is accurate sampling. To determine a baseline
capacitance of the process fluid, a representative fluid sample must be collected from the pipeline
during the calibration procedure. Improperly collected or mishandled samples may result in faulty
calibration and reduced accuracy of the measurement. To learn more about sample collection
please refer Appendix 6.6.2 (ASTM D4177, Chapter 8, Sampling).
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1.5 Sample Analysis
Analysis of samples drawn during field calibration is used to establish the baseline capacitance of
the process fluid at any given water content. Therefore, accurate and repeatable sample analysis
is critical for reliable field calibration. There are several sample analysis methods recommended
by industry groups. Such methods include centrifuge, titration or distillation. The user must select
the analysis method that is most appropriate for the end user’s range and accuracy requirements.
Please refer to Appendix 6.6 for a list of sample analysis standards.
1.6 Communication
The Delta C will report online water volume using a number of output signals. Outputs signals
include High Water Alarm Relay, 4-20mA Analog Output, RS-232 Serial and RS-485 Modbus.
The end user may elect to integrate as many or as few output signals as desired and all outputs
listed are supplied as standard with the Delta C Water Cut Monitor.
1.7 Hazardous Areas Classification

Delta C Water Cut Monitors are designed, tested and certified for use in the following Hazardous
Areas:
CSA Class1, Div1, Groups C&D

Ex II 2 G, EEx d IIB T4, Zone 1
Please refer to Appendix 6.5 for Product Markings and definitions.
1.8 General Specifications

Delta C Water Cut Monitors are manufactured to the highest standards of quality. While certain
product models and configurations may offer unique design features, there are a number of
general specifications that will apply across all models and configurations. Refer to Appendix 6.1
for a complete list of General Specifications.
1.9 Referenced Industry Standards

A number of industry standards, such as those published by ASTM and API have been developed
to offer guidance in areas such as stream conditioning, fluid sampling and sample analysis.
Delta C Technologies Inc. strives to remain abreast of related standards and to work with industry
standards organizations. We strongly recommended that users become familiar with applicable
industry standards and apply them wherever possible. Adherence to standards improves
measurement performance and the opportunity for agreement between stakeholders. For a listing
of industry standards related water in oil measurement, please refer to Appendix 6.6.
Please note that Delta C Technologies does not re-distribute published industry standards due to
copyright restrictions. The user may obtain the referenced standards directly from the publisher or
their authorized distributors.
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SECTION 2 - OPERATING CONSIDERATIONS
The Delta C Water Cut Monitor is an extremely flexible device offering water in oil measurement
under a variety of process conditions. For optimum results, the user must be aware of certain
operating considerations that may influence the overall calibration strategy and measurement
performance.
2.1 Fluid Stream Conditioning

The Delta C is limited to measuring the fluid that passes through its measurement probe. For this
reason, adequate fluid stream conditioning is required to deliver a representative fluid sample to
the measurement probe. There are several methods available to achieve fluid stream
conditioning including static mixers, jet mixers, mixing loops and pump discharges. Users are
encouraged to become familiar with stream conditioning principles and incorporate adequate
conditioning techniques wherever possible. To learn more about fluid stream conditioning, please
refer Appendix 6.6.2 (ASTM D4177, Chapter 8, Section 2).
2.2 Flow Rate & Velocity

While the Delta C is generally not affected by changes in flow rate, an adequate flow rate and
velocity will help maintain stream conditioning at the point of measurement. Delta C recommends
the following approximate minimum pipeline velocities be maintained at the measurement probe:
Heavy Crude: > 1ft/second

Medium Crude: > 4ft/second
Light Crude or Condensate: > 5ft/second
In general, Delta C recommends a maximum pipeline velocity of approximately 10ft/second to

reduce excessive pressure drop, turbulence and potential gas break out near the measurement
probe.
2.3 Fluid Temperature

Capacitance is influenced by changes in fluid temperature. In medium crude oil, for example, a
temperature shift of 10˚C can impart a measurement error of 0.3%. The Delta C Water Cut
Monitor features full temperature compensation to offset these effects. The user is encouraged to
fully utilize temperature compensation for improved measurement accuracy. Please refer to
Section 5.2 of this Operation Guide for more on Temperature Compensation.
2.4 Fluid Composition

Capacitance measurement is dependent on fluid dielectric, and fluid dielectric is equally
dependent on the composition of the fluid being measured. Each component in the fluid can have
unique dielectric properties, so the overall fluid dielectric (and resulting capacitance) will be
determined by the ratio of all the components in the mixture. Interestingly, fluids that exhibit
similar physical characteristics may not necessarily be dielectrically similar. For this reason, user
awareness of fluid composition will contribute to successful calibration strategies.
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2.5 Fluid Density
The characteristic of fluid density is commonly used by industry stakeholders to distinguish
between two or more fluid types or compositions. While distinct fluid densities may equate to
distinct fluid dielectric values, the relationship between density and dielectric is not always
predictable. In fact, two fluids of similar density may exhibit different dielectric properties, while in
other cases the opposite may be true.
For this reason, the user should consider fluid density to be a potentially useful property for
automated calibration curve selection, but caution must be exercised as density may not always
be used for this purpose.
2.6 Free Water

The Delta C Water Cut Monitor measures Total Water. Total Water includes free water, dissolved
water and water in emulsion. While dissolved and emulsified water will be detected by the Delta C
with little difficulty, free water can present certain challenges. For example, if the Delta C has
been installed in a lower section of pipe, free water may gather and flood the measurement probe
with a water “slug”. For this reason, the Delta C should never be installed in a potential water trap.
Flooding the Delta C measurement probe will not damage the probe in any way, but as the device
is intended for measurement to a maximum of 80% only, a flooded probe will not offer accurate
measurement until the water slug is no longer present. Further, under certain flow conditions such
as with slow pipeline velocities, free water may travel along the bottom of the pipeline, out of
“reach” of the measurement probe. For these reasons, the flow characteristics of free water must
be considered during installation and operation of the Delta C Water Cut Monitor.
2.7 Free Gas

The presence of free or entrained gas in the fluid stream will lower the overall fluid dielectric and
related capacitance. A decrease in capacitance will be interpreted by the Delta C as a decrease
in water volume. If a consistent volume and mixture of gas is normally present in the fluid stream
the gas may be considered a normal component of the fluid stream and may be accounted for
during field calibration. However, if erratic volumes of gas are present, the fluid dielectric will also
be erratic and will result in poor measurement results. Therefore, installation of the measurement
probe in areas prone to free gas accumulation should be avoided. As well, the use of air
eliminators, installed upstream of the measurement probe, are recommended whenever free gas
may be present in the pipeline.
2.8 Pipeline Pressure

When gas is present in the pipeline, pressure changes may cause gas compression and
expansion. The effect of gas compression is an increase in fluid dielectric, which will be
interpreted as an increase in water content. Similarly, gas expansion caused by pipeline pressure
reduction will reduce capacitance and will be interpreted as a decrease in water content.
Therefore, if gas is present in the pipeline, pressure changes in the area of the measurement cell
should be avoided. If no gas is present, changes in pipeline pressure will have no effect on the
Delta C measurement.
2.9 Fluid Salinity

The Delta C Water Cut Monitor is not affected by changes in fluid salinity.
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SECTION 3 – COMMUNICATIONS OVERVIEW
The Delta C Water Cut Monitor is designed to support several methods of communication. The
user may choose to utilize any one or combination of the signals as required.
3.1 RS-232 / V200 User Interface

The RS-232 serial input/output, combined with the V200 User Interface (V200UI) is the primary
communication method used during setup and field calibration of the Delta C Water Cut Monitor.
Each Water Cut Monitor is shipped with an RS-232 communication cable (stored inside the
electrical enclosure) which shall be connected to the operator’s laptop computer during field
calibration. As the electronic enclosure must be opened to connect a local laptop, this may
require a hot-work permit if the instrument is installed in a hazardous location. Prior to working
with the RS-232 / V200UI, please refer to the V200 User Interface Guide for an overview of the
V200UI application. The V200 User Interface Guide may be launched from the Help button in the
V200UI application. Also refer to Appendix 6.4 for V200UI Download and Installation if required.
Note: Previous to the release of the V200UI, the communication application “HyperTerminal”
(bundled with Windows 95 to XP operating systems) was the standard Delta C user interface tool.
As HyperTerminal has been superseded by the V200UI, HyperTerminal communication will not be
addressed in this guide.
3.2 RS-485 Modbus

The RS-485 signal provides two-way communication between the Water Cut Monitor and the
user’s PLC/DCS MODBUS port to display or log output data and to send instructions to the device
such as requests to select alternate calibration curves in response to changing process conditions
or fluid sources.
3.3 4-20mA Analog Output

The 4-20mA Analog Output provides a self-powered 4-20 mA analog loop. The output indicates
current water content in % or ppm detected within the fluid stream. The signal may be run to a
loop powered local indicator or connected directly to the local control system.
3.4 Alarm Relay

The Alarm Relay is an SPST-NO 2A @ 24VDC non-inductive relay including user definable pick-
up, drop-out and delay settings.
3.5 Density Signal Input & Transmission

The Delta C Water Cut Monitor was originally designed to receive and transmit a density signal
from Solartron model densitometers. While this feature is still incorporated in the current Delta C
product configuration, the feature is generally considered to be obsolete by Delta C and will be
removed from future product versions. It is important to note this density input signal has no effect
on the operation or calibration of the Delta C Water Cut Monitor.
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SECTION 4 – BASIC CONFIGURATION
Prior to commencement of field calibration, a number of basic configuration settings should be

completed. Basic configuration is performed with the Delta C energized and connected to the
user’s laptop via the RS-232 communication cable. The V200UI application provides the
configuration interface, by way of the V200UI Configuration Window. Please refer to the Delta C
V200 User Interface Guide for additional information on the following configuration settings.
4.1 RS-232 COM Port Assignment

Since the user will communicate with the Delta C via RS-232, the first setting that must be
confirmed prior to working with the Delta C is the RS-232 COM Port setting assignment. The
user’s laptop computer will have a COM port assigned for RS-232 (which will be listed under
Device Manager located in the Control Panel of the laptop).
The user must select the appropriate COM port and press the Save button in the Configuration
Toolbar. Once the correct COM Port has been selected the V200 User Interface will begin
communication with the Water Cut Monitor. The COM Port setting is stored in the V200 User
Interface on the user’s laptop computer. Once the correct COM Port is selected, it should not
need to be set again, regardless of which Water Cut Monitor the user wishes to communicate
with.
The remaining COM Port values displayed in the Configuration Window (Baud Rate, Parity, Data
Bits and Stop Bits) are not user selectable and cannot be manipulated.
4.2 RS-485 Modbus Configuration

The Delta C Water Cut Monitor enables Modbus access to various calculated measurement
results and allows modification of some operational parameters.
Operational parameters that could cause the instrument to stop responding to the master requests
are not permitted via Modbus commands but are modified via the RS-232 terminal access. This
includes such items as Modbus Mode, Baud Rate and Asynchronous Character parameters.
There is also a restriction on the character length so that if the RTU mode is chosen, the character
length cannot be set to seven bits. Physical access is via a two-wire RS-485 port.
For further details, refer to Appendix 6.3 – RS-485 Modbus Configuration.
4.3 Analog Output Range

The Analog Output signal provides 4-20mA water volume output, as defined by the zero and full
scale values set by the user. Please note that the Analog Output settings are globally applicable to
all calibration curves so it is important to establish zero and full scale values that will satisfy the
widest measurement range anticipated for end user’s process conditions.
4.3.1 Set Zero Scale (4mA) permits the operator to set the water volume at which the
Delta C will send a 4mA output signal. This is normally set to 0, or the minimum water
content anticipated in the process.
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4.3.2 Set Full Scale (20mA) permits the operator to set the water volume at which the
Delta C will send a 20mA output signal. This is normally set to represent the maximum
water content anticipated in the process.
4.3.3 Trim Zero Scale permits the operator to trim the 4mA output to match a local display,
with a lower limit of 0mA.
4.3.4 Trim Full Scale permits the operator to trim the 20mA output to match a local display,
with an upper limit of approximately 24mA.
4.4 Alarm Relay Configuration

Alarm conditions are continually monitored and activated according to operator defined values.
Alarm Relay settings are globally applicable to all calibration curves. The following alarm settings
are available:
4.4.1 Alarm Pick-up defines the maximum water content permitted before the alarm is
triggered. If the water content measured by the Water Cut Monitor exceeds the alarm pick-
up value, the alarm relay will be de-energized (closed).
4.4.2 Alarm Drop-out defines the minimum water content required to re-energize (open)
the alarm relay.
4.4.3 Alarm Delay defines the number of seconds the water content is permitted to remain
above the alarm pick-up value before the alarm relay will de-energized (closed). The user
may enter any value in one second increments to avoid tripping the alarm on transient
conditions.
4.5 Measurement Units

Measurement Unit settings are globally applicable to all calibration curves.
4.5.1 Set Temperature Units to display process fluid temperature in either ˚F or ˚C.
4.5.2 Set Water Volume (BS&W Units) to display water volume in either % or ppm.
4.6 Measurement Output Averaging

If the user wishes to reduce the effects of erratic process conditions on measurement output, the
output averaging may be applied. Output Averaging settings are globally applicable to all
calibration curves.
4.6.1 Set Water Volume (BS&W) Averaging instructs the Delta C to output the water
volume as a running average. For example, if the BS&W Average value is set to 10 the
water volume output will be a calculated average of the last ten measurements. The
maximum averaging value permitted is 64. The normal factory setting for this value is 5.
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4.6.2 Set Analog Output Averaging instructs the Delta C to output the analog output as a
running average, similar to the BS&W average. The maximum averaging value permitted
is 64. The normal factory setting for this value is 5.
4.6.3 Set Temperature Averaging instructs the Delta C to output the temperature output
as a running average, similar to the BS&W average. The maximum averaging value
permitted is 256. The normal factory setting for this value is 25.
SECTION 5 - FIELD CALIBRATION
Field calibration of the Delta C Water Cut Monitor is required to define the baseline dielectric and
related capacitance of the process fluid being measured in the field. Prior to attempting field
calibration, the user must assess the available field resources such as available sampling and
analysis methods, as well as process control capabilities for fluid temperature and water volume.
Once determined, the field technician must work with the end user to identify achievable
calibration and measurement objectives given the resources and capabilities available.
5.1 Calibration Method Selection

The standard Delta C Water Cut Monitor is supplied with four available calibration methods. The
methods below described as “Basic” utilize estimated temperature compensation values while the
“Advanced” methods incorporate temperature compensation values calculated by the user.
The field calibration technician is encouraged to review the following four calibration methods with
the end user in order to select the method that is most appropriate for the end user’s application
and measurement requirements. While doing so, some basic questions will help guide the
method selection. These questions are:
1. Is it possible to control the water content of the fluid circulating through the Delta C
during calibration such that a “dry” or 0% water condition can be achieved?
This condition would be required to perform Calculated Temperature Compensation,
(described in section 5.2 below) which is a requirement of the Advanced calibration
methods.
2. Is it possible to control the temperature of the fluid circulating through the Delta C so
that the temperature may be raised or lowered by a minimum of 25˚C?
This condition is also required to perform Calculated Temperature Compensation
required for the Advanced calibration methods.
3. Is it possible to control the water content of the fluid circulating through the Delta C
during calibration such that more than one distinct water contents may be maintained
and observed?
This condition is required to perform either the Two Point or Three Point calibration
methods.
The following calibration method overviews offer further explanation:
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5.1.1 Single Point (CS) Basic Method requires a single fluid sample point. The sample
point is assigned a value of capacitance, water and temperature. The relationships
between changes in water (slope) and temperature (TC) versus changes in capacitance
are estimated and defined by the user. As capacitance changes with process conditions,
water content is calculated by the Delta C and output to the user based on the estimated
slope and TC. This method is commonly used for measurement where the water volume
ranges from 0 to 2%.
Advantages: Ease and speed of calibration.
Limitations: Accuracy dependent on correctly estimated values calibration values.
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5.1.2 Two Point (CF) Basic Method requires two distinct fluid sample points. The sample
points are assigned values of capacitance, water and temperature. The relationship
between changes in water (slope) and capacitance is calculated by the Delta C using the
two sample points. The relationship between changes in temperature (TC) and
capacitance is estimated and defined by the user. As capacitance changes with process
conditions, water content is calculated by the Delta C and output to the user based on the
calculated slope and estimated TC. This method is commonly used for measurement
where the water volume ranges from 0 to 2% and where greater slope accuracy is desired.
Advantages: Improved accuracy of slope and resulting measurement.
Limitations: Two sample points with different water contents are required.
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5.1.3 Two Point (CN) Advanced Method requires two distinct fluid sample points, one of
which must be dry (containing 0% water), and the ability to manipulate the temperature of
the dry fluid sample by 25˚C as it circulates through the Delta C measurement probe. The
sample points are assigned values of capacitance, water and temperature. The
relationship between changes in water (slope) and temperature (TC) versus changes in
capacitance are calculated by the Delta C. As capacitance changes with process
conditions, water content is calculated and output to the user based on the calculated slope
and TC. This method is commonly used for measurement where the water volume ranges
from 0 to 10% and where greater slope and TC accuracy are desired.
Advantages: Improved accuracy of slope, TC and resulting measurement.
Limitations: Two distinct fluid samples required (one dry, one wet). Temperature
control required.
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5.1.4 Three Point (CW) Advanced Method requires three distinct fluid sample points, one
of which must be dry (containing 0% water), and the ability to manipulate the temperature
of the dry fluid sample by 25˚C as it circulates through the Delta C measurement probe.
The sample points are assigned values of capacitance, water and temperature. The
relationship between changes in water (curve) and temperature (TC) versus changes in
capacitance are calculated by the Delta C. As capacitance changes with process
conditions, water content is calculated and output to the user based on the calculated curve
and TC. This method is commonly used for measurement where the water volume ranges
from 0 to 50% and where greater curve and TC accuracy are desired.
Advantages: Improved accuracy of curve, TC and resulting measurement over the

widest range.
Limitations: Three distinct fluid samples required (one dry, two wet). Temperature
control required.
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5.2 Temperature Compensation (TC)
Changes in fluid temperature influence fluid dielectric values and related capacitance, therefore,
temperature compensation is required to ensure water volume output from the Delta C is
temperature corrected. Temperature compensation is either Estimated or Calibrated and is
dictated by the calibration procedure chosen by the user as described in Section 5.1 above.
5.2.1 Estimated TC is used with the calibration methods CS and CF. The estimated TC
value is related to fluid density and measurement units. Based on Delta C’s experience,
the following (TC) values may be used to provide reasonable temperature compensation
where the process fluid temperature does not vary significantly:
Specific Gravity TC Value (%) TC Value (ppm)

950 - 1000 kg/m3 -0.01 -100
800 - 950 kg/m3 -0.03 -300
500 - 800 kg/m3 -0.05 -500
The TC values above are entered in the Configuration Window of the V200UI prior to
performing the One Point and Two Point Basic Calibration procedures.
5.2.2 Calculated TC is used with the Two Point and Three Point Advanced Calibration
methods. This requires heating a dry fluid sample (containing 0% water) as it circulates
through the Delta C, and defining the capacitance of the fluid at two temperature points a
minimum of 25°C apart. During the procedure, the Delta C will calculate the temperature
compensation values and store them in the data set of the current calibration curve
number. To perform Calculated Temperature Compensation, proceed as follows:
1. Provide a means to circulate dry oil through the Delta C measurement probe and a
means to heat the oil and begin circulation of the oil at ambient temperature.
2. From the V200UI Production Window Data Display, monitor stability of the R Value
(capacitance) and temperature. When the capacitance and temperature are stable,
temperature point #1 will be defined using the V200UI ASCII Window as follows:
At the prompt:
[1 ] Command (? for help) >
Enter CC
The Delta C will ask:
Measure Point #1 now (Y/N)?
Enter Y
Enter N
Done (Y/N/esc)?
Enter Y
The capacitance of temperature point #1 is now defined in the Delta C.
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3. Apply heat to raise the fluid temperature by 25˚C or more and wait until the temperature
and capacitance have stabilized as observed in the V200UI Production Window. A fast
and steady fluid circulation in a closed loop may be used to increase the temperature.
When the capacitance and temperature are stable, temperature point #2 will be defined
using the V200UI ASCII Window as follows:
At the prompt:
Enter CC
Enter N
Enter Y
Done (Y/N/esc)?
Enter Y
The capacitance of temperature point # 2 is now defined in the Delta C and
the Calculated Temperature Compensation procedure is complete.
5.3 Slope
The Slope defines the linear relationship between changes in water content and changes in
capacitance. While it is generally more accurate to calculate the slope using two distinct sample
points, the One Point Basics Calibration method permits the user to enter an estimated slope,
which may provide reasonable accuracy within a relatively narrow measurement range. The
following slopes have been found to be generally acceptable by many users:
Specific Gravity Slope (%) Slope (ppm)

800 - 1000 kg/m3 0.03 0.000003
500 - 800 kg/m3 0.05 0.000005
The Slopes above are entered in the Configuration Window of the V200UI prior to performing the
One Point Basic Calibration procedure.
5.4 Calibration Procedures

Calibration procedures are performed using the V200 User Interface. After establishing a
connection between the instrument and the V200UI software, click on the Production Window and
monitor the “R” value in the Data Display or the displayed water content in the Data Chart.
Calibration should only be attempted when the process conditions are stable. Refer to the V200
User Interface Guide, page 9 for more information on Process Stability. As noted earlier, there
are four standard calibration methods that may be used. In order to gain familiarity with the Delta
C Water Cut Monitor most quickly, many users will elect to perform the Single Point (CS)
Calibration initially and move to more advanced calibration methods only if required. Each
calibration method is described in the following sub-sections.
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5.4.1 Single Point (CS) Basic Calibration
Before beginning the Single Point (CS) Basic Calibration, refer to Sections 5.2.1 and 5.3
and enter suitable Temperature Compensation and Slope values in the appropriate fields in
the V200UI Configuration Window, then proceed as follows:
1. From the Production Window toolbar click One Point Calibration.
2. At the introduction window click Continue.
3. Select New Calibration and click Continue
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4. Prepare to draw a physical fluid sample from the pipeline. When ready, begin drawing
the sample and click Drawing Sample Now.
5. Accept and note the system generated calibration name, or rename the calibration as
desired. Click Continue.
6. If the sample can be analyzed immediately on site, or if the water content is already
known, select The water content is known and click Continue. If the sample must be
analyzed off-site proceed directly to step 9 below.
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7. Enter the water content of the sample and click Continue.
8. At the One Point Calibration Successful window click Exit. The One Point Calibration
procedure is now complete.
9. If the sample must be analyzed off-site select The sample needs to be analyzed and
click Continue.
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10. Click Exit to complete the first phase of the One Point Calibration.
11. Once the sample has been analyzed and the water content is known, re-connect to the
Water Cut Monitor, launch the V200UI and from the Production Window toolbar click
One Point Calibration. At the introduction window click Continue.
12. Select Complete an earlier calibration and click Continue.
13. Compare the Reference Point name to the Calibration name saved in step 5 above. If
the two names match click Continue. If the two names do not match click Browse to
retrieve the appropriate calibration file, then click Continue.
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14. Enter the water content of the sample and click Continue then click Exit at the One
Point Calibration Successful window. This completes the One Point (CS) Calibration
procedure.
5.4.2 Two Point (CF) Basic Calibration

As the Two Point (CF) Basic Calibration procedure requires two distinct fluid sample points,
calibration must be done in two steps where each step is performed when a distinct water
content is present in the process fluid.
1. With a fluid mixture circulating through the Delta C measurement probe, observe the
process for stability using the V200UI Production Window. This mixture will be referred
to as sample fluid #1. When the process is stable, define the capacitance of sample
point #1 in the Delta C through the V200UI ASCII Window as follows:
At the prompt:
Enter CF
Measure point #1 now (Y/N)?
Enter Y
Immediately draw a physical sample of fluid #1 for analysis.
Water Content #1 (%)?
Hit the enter key
Enter N
Hit the enter key
Temperature Compensation (%/C, SIGN REQUIRED!)?
www.delta-c.com
Enter a TC Value as determined in Section 5.2.1. A common TC value would
be -0.03 (note this is a negative value).
Done (Y/N/esc)?
Enter Y
The capacitance of sample point #1 has now been defined in the Delta C.
2. When the analysis of sample #1 is complete and the water content is known, define the
water content of sample point #1 in the Delta C through the V200UI ASCII Window as
follows:
At the prompt:
[1F] Command (? for help) >
Enter CF
Enter N
Enter the analyzed water content of sample #1
Enter N
Hit the enter key
Hit the enter key
Done (Y/N/esc)?
Enter Y
The water content of sample point #1 has now been defined in the Delta C.
3. With a fluid mixture circulating through the Delta C measurement probe which is
distinctly different in water content from fluid sample #1, observe the process for stability
using the V200UI Production Window. This mixture will be referred to as sample fluid
#2. When the process is stable, define the capacitance of sample point #2 in the Delta
C through the V200UI ASCII Window as follows:
At the prompt:
Enter CF
Enter N
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Hit the enter key
Enter Y
Hit the enter key
Hit the enter key
Done (Y/N/esc)?
Enter Y
follows:
At the prompt:
Enter CF
Enter N
Hit the enter key
Enter N
Hit the enter key
Done (Y/N/esc)?
Enter Y
The water content of sample point #2 has now been defined in the Delta C
and the Two Point (CF) Calibration procedure is complete.
www.delta-c.com
5.4.3 Two Point (CN) Advanced Calibration
Before beginning the Two Point (CN) Advanced Calibration, the user must complete the
Calculated Temperature Compensation procedure described in Section 5.2.2. By
performing the temperature compensation procedure, the user will have defined sample
point #1 as 0% water. The remaining steps below are required to define sample point #2
and are performed with the V200UI ASCII Window:
1. Since sample point #1 has already been defined, the next step is to define sample point
#2. A mixture of oil and water that is in approximately the highest range of the
anticipated span will be required. Circulate the mixture through the Delta C
measurement probe, observing the process for stability using the V200UI Production
Window.
2. When the process is stable, define the capacitance of sample point #2 in the Delta C
through the V200UI ASCII Window as follows:
At the prompt:
[1N ] Command (? for help) >
Enter CN
Enter Y
Water Content #2? (%)?
Hit the enter key
Done (Y/N/esc)?
Enter Y
follows:
At the prompt:
[1N ] Command (? for help) >
Enter CN
Enter N
Done (Y/N/esc)?
www.delta-c.com
Enter Y
The water content of sample point #2 has now been defined in the Delta C and the
Two Point (CN) Calibration procedure is complete.
5.4.4 Three Point (CW) Advanced Calibration

Before beginning the Three Point (CW) Advanced Calibration, the user must complete the
Calculated Temperature Compensation procedure described in Section 5.2.2. By
performing the temperature compensation procedure, the user will have defined sample
point #1 as 0% water. The remaining steps below are required to define sample points #2
and 3 and are performed with the V200UI ASCII Window:
Note: If a full range calibration of 0 to 50% is desired, the recommended target water
content for sample points # 2 & 3 would be 20% and 40% respectively. Narrower spacing
of the sample points is permitted, however greatest accuracy will be achieved if the sample
points are evenly distributed across the desired measurement range. For example, if the
operating range is only expected to be 0 – 30%, then suggested sample points #2 & 3
would be 15% and 30% respectively.
1. Since sample point #1 has already been defined during the temperature compensation
procedure, the next step is to define sample point #2. A mixture of oil and water that is
approximately mid-range of the anticipated span will be required. Circulate the mixture
through the Delta C measurement probe, observing the process for stability using the
V200UI Production Window.
At the prompt:
[1W ] Command (? for help) >
Enter CW
Enter Y
Hit the enter key
Enter N
Hit the enter key
www.delta-c.com
Done (Y/N/esc)?
Enter Y
follows:
At the prompt:
Enter CW
Enter N
Enter the water content of sample #2
Enter N
Hit the enter key
Done (Y/N/esc)?
Enter Y
The water content of sample point #2 has now been defined in the Delta C.
4. Since sample point #1 and #2 have now been defined, the next step is to define sample
point #3. A mixture of oil and water that is in approximately the highest range of the
anticipated span will be required. Circulate the mixture through the Delta C
measurement probe, observing the process for stability using the V200UI Production
Window.
At the prompt:
Enter CW
Enter N
www.delta-c.com
Hit the enter key
Enter Y
Immediately draw a physical sample of fluid # for analysis.
Hit the enter key
Done (Y/N/esc)?
Enter Y
follows:
At the prompt:
Enter CW
Enter N
Hit the enter key
Enter N
Enter the water content of sample #3
Done (Y/N/esc)?
Enter Y
The water content of sample point #3 has now been defined in the Delta C
and the Three Point (CW) Calibration is complete.
www.delta-c.com
SECTION 6 - APPENDICES
Appendix 6.1 – General Specifications
General
Operating Principal: advanced digital capacitance
Water in Oil Range: 0 to 50% standard
(50 to 80% optional)
Resolution: 0.001%
Repeatability: up to 0.01%
Precision/Accuracy: up to 0.01%
Temp. Variation: compensated
Temp. Stability: 0.0015% water/˚C
Temp. Comp. Range: 0˚C to 260˚C
Mechanical
Wetted Parts: 316SS standard
(Monel 400, Inconel 625 & Duplex 2205 optional)
O-ring Material: Viton A standard
(Nitrile, PTFE & Kalrez optional)
Max. Fluid Temp.: 135˚C standard
(260˚C optional)
Max. Ambient Temp.: 85˚C
Transmitter Mounting: integral with sensor
Corrosion Protection: NACE MR-0175/ISO 15156 2009, sour service compliant
Hazardous Area Class: CSA Class 1, Div.1, Gr. C&D (North America)
Ex II 2G, EEx d IIB T4, Zone1(Europe)
Ingress Protection: IP66 compliant
Electrical
Power Supply: 24 VDC @ 150mA floating
Electrical Connections: 1 x M20, 1 x 1” NPT & 1 x ¾” NPT
Humidity Protection: conformal coated CB
Analog: 4-20mA DC, isolated, self-powered
RS-232: 9600 baud, max. 100m
RS-485: 9600 baud, max. 1500m
Maximum Load: 600 ohm load to control room
Isolation Voltage: 500 volts peak
Relay Contacts: SPST-NO 2A @ 24 VDC, non-inductive
Adjustable Delay: one second increments
www.delta-c.com
Appendix 6.2 – Wiring Diagram
www.delta-c.com
Appendix 6.3 – RS-485 Modbus Configuration
6.3.1 Communication settings

Mode RTU or ASCII mode
Baud rate 2400, 4800, 9600 and 19,200
Character length 7 or 8 bits (7 bits not allowed in RTU mode)
Stop bits 1 or 2
Parity None
6.3.2 Master setting, timeout

All operational settings are stored in flash memory and this process takes some time. When
a command that changes some configuration value is issued by the master, the data is
written into flash memory then the response is sent. This confirms that the data was written
if there is a correct response from the analyzer to the master.
This write process takes somewhat less than 250 msec. and we recommend that the
master be set for a timeout value of 500 msec., minimum.
The flash memory is capable of accepting approximately one million writes in its lifetime.
Writing should therefore be minimized to preserve flash memory.

6.3.3 Modbus configuration
The Modbus communication parameters are set up using the ASCII window in the V200
User Interface.
Begin by entering the command “CM” (for Configure Modbus) at the Command prompt.
The response is as follows and the example shows the factory default values:
[2S] Command (? for help) > CM

Configure Modbus
Address = 1.
Protocol Mode = RTU
Float order = normal
Baudrate = 9600
Char Len = 8 Bits
Stop Bits = 1 Stop Bit
TxDelay = 3
Modbus - Address (1...255)?
At this point type in the desired slave address followed by a carriage return, next item
shown:
Modbus - Protocol Mode

0) ASCII
* 1) RTU
Select (0 or 1)?
www.delta-c.com
For this selection and the following, current value is marked with an asterisk, type in the
desired setting from the suggested choices or just carriage return if the current value is
acceptable.
Modbus - Float Order

* 0) normal
1) reverse
Select (0 or 1)?
The Modbus – Float Order indicates the order of the bytes that make up floating point
numbers. Normal means that the higher order byte is sent first and reverse means that the
lowest order byte is sent first, followed by the three remaining bytes.
Continue with setting the remaining parameters in the same manner.
Note: For users running BSW software version BSW200ar or higher, a response delay
prompt is included. The selection is as follows:
Modbus – TxDelay
TxDelay = 3
Set TxDelay (0..9)?
The numbers 0 – 9 represent the delay in character time, that is, 2 will result in a delay of
two character lengths. This delay is valid for both the ASCII and RTU mode.
At the end, the usual prompt asks:
Done (Y/N/esc)?
If settings are OK, type Y, otherwise N or carriage return to begin the settings procedure
again.
www.delta-c.com
6.3.4 Modbus address assignments
Modbus
Name Data Data type Units R/W Command Value/units
Address
Water content 0000 Single float Eng R 03
Temperature 0002 Single float Eng R 03
R Value 0004 Single float Eng R 03
Density 0006 Single float Eng R 03 Kg/m3
Alarm status 1000 Integer R 04 0 = No alarm

1 = Alarm
Water content unit 2001 Integer R/W 03, 04, 0=%
06, 16 1 = ppm
Temperature unit 2001 Integer R/W 03, 04, 0 = oC
06, 16 1 = oF
Number H2O average 2002 Integer R/W 03, 04,
06, 16
Number Temp average 2003 Integer R/W 03, 04,
06, 16
Select curve # 2004 Integer R/W 03, 04,
06, 16
Set float byte order 2005 Integer R/W 03, 04, 0 = Forward
06, 16 1 = Reverse
Note: Only curves that are fully calibrated are allowed to be selected. If the master
attempts to select an un-calibrated curve, response will be a message indicating the current
curve. Also, a new un-calibrated analyzer will have curve 1 as default and will ask with data
even though it is un-calibrated.
Attempting writes of invalid values or addresses out of range will result in a response of an
appropriate error message.
As noted earlier, the flash memory is capable of accepting approximately one million writes
in its lifetime. Writing should therefore be minimized to preserve flash memory.
www.delta-c.com
Appendix 6.4 – V200UI Download and Installation
The Delta C V200 User Interface software is generally shipped on a USB flash drive with each
order. The flash drive is shipped inside the Water Cut Monitor documentation binder. The
V200UI software is also available for download from the Delta C FTP site.
To install the V200UI application, simply copy the contents of the USB flash drive to your laptop
computer, open the installation folder V200UI-InstallPack (XPVistaWin7 x.x.x) and run the
application setup.exe as shown below.
When the installation is complete the Delta C V200UI application shortcut (shown below) will have
been added to the desktop of the laptop computer. You are now ready to communicate with the
Delta C via the V200 User interface.
If you do not have access to the USB Flash Drive that was shipped with the product, you may
download the V200UI installation files from the Delta C public FTP site.
To access the site, you must have an FTP Client such as FileZilla (http://filezilla-project.org/)
installed on your computer. Once you have installed the FTP Client software, you may then
access the Delta C FTP site using the following information.
The password and contents of the site may change without notice. To acquire a valid password
for login, or if you have any questions please contact support@delta-c.com.
www.delta-c.com
Once you have connected to the FTP site, you will see two file folders similar to those shown
below:
Select and copy the entire folder named V200UI-InstallPack (XPVistaWin7 x.x.x) to the laptop.
This may take several minutes. Once download is complete, follow the installation instructions
above.
Note: If you are running Windows 2000, please contact Delta C for appropriate installation files.
www.delta-c.com
Appendix 6.5 – Product Markings
www.delta-c.com
Appendix 6.6 – Reference Standards for Measurement, Sampling and Analysis
6.6.1 API TR2570:

Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards – Continuous On-line Measurement of
Water Content in Petroleum (Crude Oil and Condensate).
6.6.2 ASTM D4177:

Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 8-Sampling.
6.6.3 ASTM D4007:

Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Crude Oil by the Centrifuge Method.
6.6.4 ASTM D4928:

Standard Test Methods for Water in Crude Oils by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration.
6.6.5 ASTM D6304:

Standard Test Method for Determination of Water in Petroleum Products, Lubricating Oils,
and Additives by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration.
6.6.6 ASTM D4006:

Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oil by Distillation.
6.6.7 ASTM D95:

Standard Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by
Distillation.
6.6.8 ASTM D244:

Standard Test Methods and Practices for Emulsified Asphalts.
www.delta-c.com

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Water Cut Monitor

Section 2 - Operating Considerations …………………………………………………………….. 6

Section 3 – Communications Overview …………………………………………………………... 8

Section 4 – Basic Configuration ……………………………………………………………………. 9

Section 5 – Field Calibration ………………………………………………………..……………….. 11

1.1 Capacitance Measurement

1.2 Field Calibration

1.3 Multi-Curve Calibration

1.4 Sample Collection

1.7 Hazardous Areas Classification

CSA Class1, Div1, Groups C&D

Please refer to Appendix 6.5 for Product Markings and definitions.

1.8 General Specifications

1.9 Referenced Industry Standards

2.1 Fluid Stream Conditioning

2.2 Flow Rate & Velocity

Heavy Crude: > 1ft/second

In general, Delta C recommends a maximum pipeline velocity of approximately 10ft/second to

2.3 Fluid Temperature

2.4 Fluid Composition

2.6 Free Water

2.7 Free Gas

2.8 Pipeline Pressure

2.9 Fluid Salinity

3.1 RS-232 / V200 User Interface

3.2 RS-485 Modbus

3.3 4-20mA Analog Output

3.4 Alarm Relay

3.5 Density Signal Input & Transmission

Prior to commencement of field calibration, a number of basic configuration settings should be

4.1 RS-232 COM Port Assignment

4.2 RS-485 Modbus Configuration

For further details, refer to Appendix 6.3 – RS-485 Modbus Configuration.

4.3 Analog Output Range

4.4 Alarm Relay Configuration

4.5 Measurement Units

4.6 Measurement Output Averaging

SECTION 5 - FIELD CALIBRATION

5.1 Calibration Method Selection

The following calibration method overviews offer further explanation:

Advantages: Ease and speed of calibration.

Limitations: Accuracy dependent on correctly estimated values calibration values.

Advantages: Improved accuracy of slope and resulting measurement.

Advantages: Improved accuracy of slope, TC and resulting measurement.

Advantages: Improved accuracy of curve, TC and resulting measurement over the

Specific Gravity TC Value (%) TC Value (ppm)

Specific Gravity Slope (%) Slope (ppm)

5.4 Calibration Procedures

1. From the Production Window toolbar click One Point Calibration.

2. At the introduction window click Continue.

3. Select New Calibration and click Continue

12. Select Complete an earlier calibration and click Continue.

5.4.2 Two Point (CF) Basic Calibration

5.4.4 Three Point (CW) Advanced Calibration

Appendix 6.1 – General Specifications

6.3.1 Communication settings

6.3.2 Master setting, timeout

[2S] Command (? for help) > CM

Modbus - Protocol Mode

Modbus - Float Order

Continue with setting the remaining parameters in the same manner.

At the end, the usual prompt asks:

Alarm status 1000 Integer R 04 0 = No alarm

6.6.1 API TR2570: