Assertives

Assertives refers to the acts which commit the speakers to the truth of the expressed
proposition. This act describe states or events in the world including assertions, descriptions,
claims, statements of fact, reports, and conclusion. By preforming assertives, the speaker nake
the words fit the world or belief.
Example: it was a warm sunny day.
The sentence above the speaker describe their opinion that the day is warm and sunny
based on their belief even though it may not be hot sunny day. In this case, the speakers make
words fit with the world by performing assertives acts.
Directives
Directives is speech act use to get someone else to do something. It is a condition when
the speaker requests the hearer to carry out some actions or to bring out some state or affairs.
Directives used by the speaker to get someone else to do something. This directives can makes
the hearer under the obligation. He adds that the directives acts may include some actions
namely commanding, forbidding, inviting, requesting, and suggesting.
Example : Would you like to make a cup of coffee?
The sentence refer to the speaker intends to request that functions to get the hearer to
do something.
Commissives
Commissive deal with the acts which commit the speakers to some future course of
action. The commisive act include promising, vowing, offering, threatening and refusing.
Commissive is kind of speech acts that the speakers use to commit themselves to do some in the
future.
Example: I promise to give you some money.
The utterance above shows a promise of the speaker to the addressee/hearer. It shows
what the speaker has to do in the future.
Expressives
Expressive refers to acts that are performed to express a psychological state the
speakers. Statement of pleasure, pain, like, dislike, joy and sorrow can be categorized into this
act. They can be caused by something the speaker does or the hearer does, but they are about
the speaker’s experience. The expressive verbs may consist of thank, congratulate, apologize,
regret, deplore and welcome.
Example: I am sorry to hear that.
The sentence above is an utterance that shows the empathy of the speaker to the
condition of the hearer at the time. The speaker tries to feel what the hearer feel. Therefore,
the hearer will at least lose a bit of their tension.
Declaratives
Declaratives are illocutionary acts by which the speaker is able to the state of affair in
the world by the utterances. The speaker has to have institutional role in a specific context when
employing these acts. The declaratives act may consist of baptizing, declaring, war, abdicating,
dismissing, naming, resigning, and excommunicating.
Example: I declare you husband and wife.
The utterance above changes the status of two people. The man becomes a husband
and has right and responsibility to the woman. The woman also, she becomes a wife and has
right and responsibility to the man