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0640 SA 综合
0640 SA 综合
carbon dioxide
plants animals
decay
death death
dead and
decaying matter
fossilisation
fossil fuels
Fig. 3.1
(a) Fill in the empty boxes in Fig. 3.1, naming the processes involved in the carbon cycle. Choose
words from this list.
You may use each word once, more than once, or not at all.
(b) Add an arrow to Fig. 3.1 to show how animals obtain their carbon. [1]
(c) Explain why an ecosystem needs an external supply of energy from sunlight, but does not
need an external supply of carbon atoms.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(d) Use the idea of the carbon cycle to suggest an explanation for each of the following.
(i) In a deciduous (temperate) forest, the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere
falls slightly in spring and summer, and then rises again in the autumn.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Cutting down rainforests might lead to an increase in the carbon dioxide concentration in
the Earth’s atmosphere.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(iii) Combustion of fossil fuels is more harmful to the environment than combustion of wood.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c) energy, is not recycled / does not circulate / has linear flow / ORA; [1]
(d) (i) more photosynthesis (than respiration and decay) in spring/summer; [2]
more decay/respiration (than photosynthesis) in autumn;
[Total: 12 marks]
Page 7 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
IGCSE – May/June 2014 0654 21
11 (a) A oesophagus ;
B stomach ;
C liver ; [3]
(b) production / secretion of digestive enzymes / insulin secretion / control of blood sugar ; [1]
(d) (i) movement of digested food molecules through the wall of the intestine ;
into the blood ; [2]
[Total: 12]
11 Fig. 11.1 shows some of the regions of the alimentary canal in a human.
A
C
pancreatic duct
pancreas
small intestine
Fig. 11.1
C [3]
[1]
(c) In people with cystic fibrosis, the pancreatic duct may become blocked.
[2]
(d) (i) With reference to the alimentary canal, define the term absorption.
[2]
(ii) Name the parts of the alimentary canal in which there is the most absorption of
sugars,
water. [2]
[2]
placenta
X
Z
uterus wall
fetus Y
Fig. 2.1
X ................................................................................................................................................
Y ................................................................................................................................................
[2]
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
(c) Suggest three ways in which the composition of the fetus’s blood changes as it passes
through the placenta.
1 .................................................................................................................................................
2 .................................................................................................................................................
3 .................................................................................................................................................
[3]
(d) If a pregnant woman smokes, this may reduce the amount of oxygen available to her unborn
baby (fetus).
Name the main component of tobacco smoke that causes this, and explain how it has this
effect.
component ..........................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[3]
(b) protection ;
from mechanical damage / ‘knocks and bumps’ / owtte ; [2]
[Total: 10]
8 (a) Fig. 8.1 shows a diagram of a grass flower. Grass is an example of a wind-pollinated plant.
ovary
Fig. 8.1
X ........................................................................................................................................
Y ........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) Describe how the following parts of the flower would be different in an insect-pollinated
plant.
petals .................................................................................................................................
pollen .................................................................................................................................
[2]
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
(c) In insect-pollinated plants, pollen is transferred by insects to other plants, which may result in
fertilisation. This is an example of sexual reproduction.
advantage .................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
disadvantage ............................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(d) After sexual reproduction, seeds are produced. Seeds are dispersed so that plants can
colonise new areas.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
8(a)(i) X anther ; 2
Y stigma ;
8(b) meiosis ; 1
[Total: 5]
10 When a bright light is shone into a person’s eye, the pupil of the eye gets smaller. This is shown in
Fig. 10.1.
light shone
into the eye
Fig. 10.1
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
Sensory neurones carry nerve impulses from receptors in the eye towards the central nervous
system.
(i) carry nerve impulses from the central nervous system to the muscles in the eye,
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) connect one nerve cell to another in the central nervous system.
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Suggest what would happen if a person’s eye failed to respond to a bright light in this way.
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(a) The letters below represent different parts of a reflex action pathway.
(i) Put the letters in the correct order to show the reflex action pathway. Two have been
done for you.
D A
[1]
(ii) Suggest why the nerve impulses travel to the brain rather than to the spinal cord during
the pupil reflex.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) The size of the pupil in the eye changes in response to light.
Fig. 8.1
(i) Describe and explain the changes to the eye that occur when a person goes from bright
light back to normal light conditions.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
Suggest one way that the eyes of nocturnal animals may differ from animals that are active
during the day.
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) prevents egg reaching uterus / sperm cannot reach egg / prevents fertilisation / sperm
cannot enter fallopian tube ; [1]
[Total: 7]
Fig. 7.1
(a) Name the part of the female reproductive system in which the female gametes are produced.
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Infertility in women can sometimes be caused by the tubes W becoming blocked. Explain
why this would lead to infertility.
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [3]
(ii) On Fig. 7.1, use a label line to name and identify the part that produces hormones. [1]
1(b)(iii) fertilisation ; 1
2(a) 2; 1
2(c) 2,8,2 ; 1
2(d) chlorine ; 2
Cl2 ;
Fig. 1.1
A ........................................................................................................................................
B ........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) Draw an X on Fig. 1.1 to show where sperm are made. [1]
(b) Meiosis is the process that produces gametes. A sperm is the male sex gamete.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Describe two differences between a male gamete and a female gamete in humans.
1 .........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
2 .........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(iii) Name the term used to describe the fusion of the male gamete and female gamete.
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) State how anaerobic respiration differs from aerobic respiration in terms of
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(c) Explain why anaerobic respiration of yeast is important in the brewing of beer.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total: 6]
(e) flossing ;
avoiding sugary / sticky foods ;
avoiding snacks between meals ;
mouthwash ;
fluoride ;
regular dental checks / professional cleaning / sealing ; [max 2]
[Total: 10]
12 Fig. 12.1 shows the human skull, seen from the side.
T1
T2
Fig. 12.1
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) Describe how tooth T2 is different from tooth T1 in its structure and in its function.
structure ....................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
function .....................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[3]
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(d) Explain how regular brushing of the teeth helps to prevent tooth decay.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(e) Apart from brushing the teeth, state two other ways in which tooth decay can be prevented.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................... [2]
© UCLES 2015 0654/22/M/J/15 [Turn over
Page 4 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
Cambridge IGCSE – October/November 2016 0654 33
4(a) capillary ; 3
lacteal ;
epithelium ;
4(c)(ii) eat small amounts frequently / eat easily digested or absorbed foods / eat nutrient-dense foods ; 1
Total: 7
© UCLES 2016
9
4 The small intestine has many villi on its internal surface. Fig. 4.1 shows the structure of a villus.
.......................................
.......................................
.......................................
Fig. 4.1
(a) Complete the labels to identify the structures on Fig. 4.1. [3]
(b) Describe the importance of the shape of the villi in the function of the digestive system.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(c) A person develops a condition in which the villi of the small intestine become reduced in size.
(i) Suggest how the person would be affected by this change in size of villi.
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [1]