Introduction to AWC’s 2015

NDS® and 2015 SDPWS

John “Buddy” Showalter, P.E.
Vice President, Technology Transfer
American Wood Council
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Copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use
of the presentation without written permission of AWC is
prohibited.

© American Wood Council 2018

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The Wood Products Council is a
Registered Provider with The
American Institute of Architects
Continuing Education Systems
(AIA/CES), Provider #G516.
Credit(s) earned on completion
of this course will be reported to
AIA CES for AIA members.
Certificates of Completion for
both AIA members and non-AIA
members are available upon
request.
This course is registered with
AIA CES for continuing
professional education. As
such, it does not include
content that may be deemed
or construed to be an
approval or endorsement by
the AIA of any material of
construction or any method or
manner of handling, using,
distributing, or dealing in any
material or product.
__________________________________
Questions related to specific materials,
methods, and services will be addressed
at the conclusion of this presentation.
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Course Description

The American Wood Council’s 2015 National Design Specification®

(NDS ®) for Wood Construction and 2015 Special Design Provisions
for Wind and Seismic (SDPWS) are ANSI American National
Standards referenced in US building codes and used to design
wood structures worldwide. This presentation will provide an
overview of design provisions included in these documents,
including those related to connections, gravity load design and
shear walls and diaphragms. Some of the significant changes in the
recently approved 2018 NDS will also be reviewed.

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Objectives

Upon completion, participants will:

• Review the content and design provisions contained in the
2015 NDS and 2015 SDPWS.
• Discuss the load and material resistance design process and
how it applies to wood structural design.
• Identify the lateral resisting systems and understand where
to obtain related design provisions.
• Become familiar with the format and content of the 2018
NDS in order to expedite its use.

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Outline
• 2015 NDS
• 2015 SDPWS
• 2018 NDS

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NDS History

1944 1977 2001

1962 1982 2005

1968 1986 2012

1971 1991 2015

1973 1997 2018

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Governing Codes for Wood Design

2015 NDS referenced in 2015 IBC

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2015 NDS – Primary Change

New Provisions to Address CLT

• Charging Language
• Design Values
• Design Equations
• Product Chapter
• Connection Design
• Fire Design

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What is Cross Laminated Timber (CLT)?

Photos provided by FPInnovations

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2015 NDS Chapter Reorganization

2012 NDS 2015 NDS

• 1-3 General
• 4-9 Products
• 10-13 Connections
• 14 Shear Walls & Diaphragms
• 15 Special Loading
• 16 Fire
• 1-3 General
• 4-10 Products +CLT
• 11-14 Connections
• Shear Walls & Diaphragms
• 15 Special Loading
• 16 Fire

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NDS 2015 Chapters
1. General Requirements for Building Design
2. Design Values for Structural Members
3. Design Provisions and Equations
4. Sawn Lumber
5. Structural Glued Laminated Timber
6. Round Timber Poles and Piles
7. Prefabricated Wood I-Joists
8. Structural Composite Lumber
9. Wood Structural Panels
10. Cross-Laminated Timber
11. Mechanical Connections
12. Dowel-Type Fasteners
13. Split Ring and Shear Plate Connectors
14. Timber Rivets
15. Special Loading Conditions
16. Fire Design of Wood Members

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NDS 2015 Appendices
A. Construction and Design Practices
B. Load Duration (ASD Only)
C. Temperature Effects
D. Lateral Stability of Beams
E. Local Stresses in Fastener Groups
F. Design for Creep and Critical Deflection
Applications
G. Effective Column Length
H. Lateral Stability of Columns
I. Yield Limit Equations for Connections
J. Solution of Hankinson Equation
K. Typical Dimensions for Split Ring and Shear
Plate Connectors
L. Typical Dimensions for Standard Hex Bolts,
Hex Lag Screws, Wood Screws, Common,
Box, and Sinker Nails
M. Manufacturing Tolerances for Rivets and Steel
Side Plates for Timber Rivet Connections
N. Appendix for Load and Resistance Factor
Design (LRFD) – Mandatory

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NDS 2015 Supplement
1. Sawn Lumber Grading Agencies
2. Species Combinations
3. Section Properties
4. Reference Design Values
• Sawn Lumber and Timber
• MSR and MEL
• Decking
• Non-North American Sawn Lumber
• Structural Glued Laminated Timber
• Timber Poles and Piles

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NDS – Chapter 1

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Chapter 1 – Design Loads

• Reference loads
• Minimum load standards
• ASCE 7-10

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NDS – Chapter 2

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NDS – Chapter 2
Format Conversion Factor KF

ASD
RN = CDRASD

LRFD

RN = f l KF RASD
RASD = reference strengths
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NDS – Chapter 3

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Chapter 3 – CLT Design Equations

New
NDS Commentary – guidance on CP 20
NDS Chapter 4-10 – Products

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NDS – Chapter 10

New

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Chapter 10 – Cross-Laminated Timber

New

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NDS – Chapter 11

Ch 10 Ch 11
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NDS – Chapter 12

Ch 11 Ch 12
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Chapter 12 – Dowel-type Fasteners

New

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Chapter 12 – Dowel-type Fasteners

New

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Chapter 12 – Dowel-type Fasteners

New

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Chapter 12 – Dowel-type Fasteners
New

Non-uniform
for CLT
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Chapter 12 – Dowel-type Fasteners
• Adjust lm or ls to compensate for orthogonal
grain orientations in adjacent layers
• Parallel to grain: Fe /Fe‖
Example: ½” bolt in southern pine 3-ply CLT
with 1-½” laminations
lm = t1‖ + t2 + t3‖ = 3(1.5) = 4.5”
lm-adj = t1‖ + t2 (Fe /Fe‖) + t3‖
=1.5 +1.5(3650/6150) +1.5 = 3.9”

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Chapter 12 – Dowel-type Fasteners

New

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Chapter 12 – Dowel-type Fasteners

• Lateral – any end grain

• D<1/4”Ceg=0.67

• Lateral – any CLT edge

• D>1/4” Ceg=0.67
New

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NDS – Chapter 13

Ch 12 Ch 13
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NDS – Chapter 14

Ch 13 Ch 14
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NDS – Chapter 15

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Chapter 15 – Special Loading

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NDS – Chapter 16

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Chapter 16 – Fire (ASD)
• Fire resistance up to two hours
• Columns
• Beams
• Tension Members
• ASD only
• Products
• Lumber
…
• Glulam
• SCL
• Decking
• CLT - NEW

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Chapter 16 – Calculated Resistance

• Fire resistance of
exposed wood members
may be calculated using
the provisions of NDS
Chapter 16

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Chapter 16 – Fire Design - CLT

New

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Chapter 16 – Fire (ASD)

Technical Report No. 10

• Background on NDS provisions
• Design examples
• Update includes CLT
• Free download

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Chapter 16 – Fire (ASD)

Code Updates -
Design of Fire-
Resistive Exposed
Wood Members
http://www.awc.org/publications
/download.php

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2015 NDS Supplement

• New Southern Pine Design Values

• ALSC approves design values
• June 1, 2013
• AWC compiles them
• NDS Supplement
• More information
• www.spib.org
• www.southernpine.com

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2015 NDS – Summary
New Provisions to Address CLT

• Charging Language

• Design Values

• Design Equations

• Product Chapter

• Connection Design

• Fire Design

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Outline
• 2015 NDS
• 2015 SDPWS
• 2018 NDS

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Code Acceptance of Standard

• 2015 IBC
• References 2015 SDPWS in
Section 2305 for lateral design
and construction

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General Overview

Outline
• Chapter 1: Flowchart
• Chapter 2: General Design
Requirements
• Chapter 3: Members and
Connections
• Chapter 4: Lateral Force Resisting
Systems

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Chapter 3 - Members and Connections

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Chapter 3 - Members and Connections

• Framing
• Sheathing
• Connections

• Covers out-of-plane wind load resistance of

shear walls and diaphragms

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Chapter 3 - Members and Connections
• Framing – walls
• Accounts for composite action
• Strength and Stiffness
• Applies now to EI
New
• Up to 24” o.c.

Extension of 1.15 repetitive member factor, Cr 50

Chapter 4 - Lateral Force-Resisting Systems

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Chapter 4 – Anchorage of Concrete or Masonry Walls

• 4.1.5.1 Anchorage of
Concrete or Masonry
Walls to Diaphragm
• SDC C, D, E, or F

New

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 Chapter 4 – Anchorage of Concrete or Masonry Walls

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Source: APA
Chapter 4 – Anchorage of Concrete or Masonry Walls

Source: WoodWorks
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Chapter 4 - Lateral Force-Resisting Systems

Wood Diaphragms

a) b)
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Chapter 4 – Horizontal Distribution

Revised

4.2.5 Horizontal Distribution of Shear

• Seismic
• Idealized as Flexible
• ASCE 12.3.1.1, or
• DIAPHRAGM > 2 x SHEARWALLS
• tributary area
• Idealized as Rigid
• ASCE 12.3.1.2, or
• DIAPHRAGM < 2 x SHEARWALLS
• relative lateral stiffness of vertical LFRS
• Semi-rigid – complex analysis or “envelope” (NEW)

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Chapter 4 - Lateral Force-Resisting Systems
• Torsional Irregularity - Seismic
• Rigid or Semi-rigid
• Torsionally Irregular
• Story Drift max > 1.2 A & B Average

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Chapter 4 - Lateral Force-Resisting Systems

Revised

4.2.5.1 Torsional Irregularity

• Seismic
• SDC A – Exempt
• Rigid or Semi-rigid
• WSP diaphragms L/W < 1.5:1
• Diagonal Lumber (single or double layer) L/W < 1:1
• max < ASCE 7 allowable story drift

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Ch 4 – Open Front Diaphragms – Seismic
Revised

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Ch 4 – Open Front Diaphragms – Seismic

Revised

4.2.5.2 Open Front Structures

• Not Torsionally Irregular
• WSP diaphragms L’/W’ < 1.5:1
• Diagonal Lumber (single or double layer) L’/W’ < 1:1
• Torsionally Irregular
• > 1-story L’/W’ < 0.67:1
• 1-story L’/W’ < 1:1

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Ch 4 – Open Front Diaphragms – Seismic

Revised

4.2.5.2 Open Front Structures

• Load parallel to opening - model as semi-rigid or rigid
max < ASCE 7 allowable story drift

• L’ < 35’

Exception: Cantilever < 6’ beyond nearest vertical LFRS

need not comply to 4.2.5.2

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Ch 4 – Open Front Diaphragms – Seismic
Revised

4.2.5.2.1 Open Front Structures – 1 story

• L’ < 25’
• L’/W’ < 1:1
• Idealized as rigid - distribution of torsional shear

40’

20’
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Chapter 4 – High Load Diaphragms

4.2.7.1.2 High Load Blocked Diaphragms

4. The depth of framing members and blocking into which
the nail penetrates shall be 3" nominal or greater.
4. 5. The width of the nailed face of framing members and
blocking at boundaries and adjoining panel edges shall
be 3" nominal or greater. The width of the nailed face
not located at boundaries or adjoining panel edges
shall be 2" nominal or greater.

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Footnotes to
High-Load Diaphragm Table
Loads were limited by lumber splitting

2x4

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Chapter 4 – Design Value Format
• Nominal design values tabulated
for shear walls
• ASD
• reduction factor (2.0)
• LRFD
• resistance factor f (0.80)

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Chapter 4 - Lateral Force-Resisting Systems

4.3.3.4 Shears Walls in a Line: same

materials and construction

4.3.3.4.1 - Individual full height shear walls

provide all same deflection, sw
REVISED
Exception:
• WSP h/bs > 2:1 vs x 2bs/h
• Fiberboard h/bs > 1:1 vs x (0.1 + 0.9bs/h)
• Shear distribution proportional to capacities
• Shear capacity reduction not combined with 2:1 unless vs = 2(bs/h)
aspect ratio adjustment (4.3.4.2) 2:1 3:1 3½:1

1.00 0.67 0.57

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Chapter 4 - Unblocked Shear Walls
Section 4.3.3.2
• Nails 6" panel edge spacing
• Up to 2:1 aspect ratio
• 16' height limit
• Based on cyclic testing
• Shear capacity reduction

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Chapter 4 - Lateral Force-Resisting Systems

Wood Shear Walls

Footnotes moved to text and revised to reflect testing

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Chapter 4 – Aspect Ratios & Capacity Adjustments

Revised

4.3.4.2 – Shear Wall Aspect Ratio Factors

• h/bs > 2:1 WSP
• vs x (1.25 – 0.125h/bs)
• h/bs > 1:1 Structural Fiberboard
• vs x (1.09 – 0.09h/bs)

2:1 unless vs = (1.25 – 0.125(h/bs))

2:1 3:1 3½:1

1.00 0.875 0.813

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Chapter 4 – Aspect Ratios & Capacity Adjustments

Revised

4.3.4.3 – Perforated Shear Walls

• h/bs > 3.5:1 Not considered
• h/bs > 2:1 Li = L (2bs/h)
• Aspect Ratio Factors (4.3.4.2) do not
apply
• Shear distribution exceptions (4.3.3.4.1)
do not apply

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Availability

• www.awc.org
• PDF versions
• Free view-only
• Buy a printable PDF

• Printed version

71
Technical Articles

• Structure Magazine
• 2015 NDS
• January 2015
• 2015 SDPWS
• July 2015

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Webinars
• AWC eCourses - free
• 2015 NDS Changes (STD110)
• 2015 SDPWS Changes (STD415)

• Seismic Design of Large Wood Panelized Roof

Diaphragms in Heavy-Wall Buildings (DES430)

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Outline
• 2015 NDS
• 2015 SDPWS
• 2018 NDS

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Governing Codes for Wood Design

2018 NDS referenced in 2018 IBC and IRC

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2018 NDS – Primary Changes

• References ASCE 7-16

• Added equation for withdrawal design values for
smooth shank stainless steel nails
• New provisions for Roof Sheathing Ring Shank
nails in accordance with ASTM F 1667
• New design provisions for fastener head pull-
through
• Revision to method for calculating lateral design
values for threaded nails
• Revised timber rivet design value tables
• Revised terminology for fire design of wood
members
• NDS Supplement design values updated

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Minimum Design Loads

• Reference Loads

• Minimum Load Standards

• ASCE 7-16

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Chapter 12

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RSRS Nail Withdrawal

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Fastener Head Pull-through

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Fastener Head Pull-through

NEW

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Fastener Uplift Capacity

Fastener Uplift Capacity = Lesser of W’ and WH’

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Fastener Uplift Capacity

2018 WFCM Table 3.10

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ASCE 7 Wind Load Changes
C&C Loads
• Increase in hurricane regions

• Larger roof zones

• Interior roof zones increase most

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Fastener Uplift Capacity Comparisons

110mph Exposure B, 7/16" WSP, Framing G = 0.42, Rafter spacing = 24”

• For lower wind speed zones and lower G framing, RSRS gives simpler nailing schedule option

Nail Type Perimeter Nailing Interior Nailing

(Zones 2 & 3) (Zone 1)
RSRS 6/12 6/12
8d Common 6/6 6/12

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Fastener Uplift Capacity Comparisons

180mph Exposure B, 19/32" WSP, Framing G = 0.55, Rafter spacing = 24”

• Assume complex roof where separating perimeter and interior zones is difficult
• RSRS nails with 19/32" WSP allow 6/6 nailing everywhere – simple
• For higher wind speeds and higher G framing, RSRS provides beneficial options

Nail Type Perimeter Nailing Interior Nailing

RSRS 6/6 6/12
8d Common 4/4 6/6

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More Info

http://awc.org/codes-
standards/publications

Webinar
• 2018 NDS Changes (STD120)

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Questions?

This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing

Education Systems Course

info@awc.org
www.awc.org

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