Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region VIII
Division of Northern Samar
ELADIO T. BALITE MEMORIAL SCHOOL OF FISHERIES
Bobon, N. Samar

Learning Activity Guide (LAG)

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT SOLIDARITY AND CITIZENSHIP
2ND Sem Sy 2020-2021
1st quarter Week 4

Name of the learner: __________________________________ Grade level:_________________

Section: _________________________________________ Date: __________________

Most Essential Learning Competency:

. Differentiate the Typologies of Communities HUMSS_CSC12IIIa-c-6
I.
Specific Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

1. Distinguish between formal and informal types of communities;

2. Identify and describe the typologies of communities.
3. Explain local and global communities and their relationship.
Background information for learners:
Communities come in different, shapes, sizes and characteristics. It also
come in different types depending on the quality of human association, the
scope of geographical boundaries, functions of subdivisions, and avenues of
social interactions.
Communities are also rich in resources. Your strengths may be someone
else’s weaknesses and vice versa. With the diversity of skills, common goals can
be achieved that much faster. Having this open bond with others is what builds
valuable relationships, and gives us a deeper sense of belonging.
REVIEW:

You were able to know about the functions of my community - its dynamics, structure, and
process. That’ll be a big help for you to truly discern what is really your calling.

OVER ALL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE ENTIRE SET:

This Learning activity guide will serve as your weekly activity sheet for this subject. You are
hereby expected to follow your subject teacher’s instructions listed below:

1. Do not write anything on this paper, use yellow paper for your answer sheet.
2. Make sure to include the subject name and your section.
3. Answering the introductory activity, analysis, generalization and reflection are optional.
4. Make sure to answer and complete the APPLICATION part of this LAG.
5. Refer to The reference part of the LAG if you need more information about the topic. Or
you can research through internet for additional knowledge.

INTRODUCTORY ACTIVITY:
Shown below is a puzzle activity which is entitled as FIT IT RIGHT! Each puzzle will form a
picture showing Rural, Urban and Suburban Community. Give your observation regarding
the puzzle.
RURAL URBAN SUBURBAN

II. ANALYSIS
1. What are the difference of Rural, Urban and Suburban communities?
2. Which community does have higher population?
3. How do you choose which community is ideal for you and your family?

III. ABSTRACTION:

A. Let’s unlock some difficulties

Formal Community- characterized by institutionally structured hierarchies, which
define the relationship between authoritative and subordinate actors and groups.
Global Community- characterized by integration and interaction between individuals
and groups away from each other in time or space or both.
Informal Community- seen to typically operate through socio-cultural mechanisms
within the community structures.
Local Community- characterized by close social integration and physical proximity.
Moreover, it is defined as a group of people sharing the same environment and
conditions such as intent, belief, resources, preferences, needs and risks.
Rural Community- characterized as pastoral, agricultural, and located along the
periphery of urban centers or in the countryside.
Typology- a classification according to general type. In this module, this refers to the
types of community.
Urban Community- described as industrialized and commercial centers where
population density is relatively high compared to rural communities.

B. Concept Presentation
In deepening one’s understanding of the concept of community, it is necessary to be
aware of some of its typologies. The community is categorized into types that will help the
student realize once a contribution to the betterment of society.
This lesson focuses on types of communities and its differences. It allows us to
support one another, interact, share experiences and our modern life struggles.

C. Let’s Discuss
TYPES OF COMMUNITIES
1. Formal communities
2. Informal Communities
3. Urban communities
4. Rural Communities
5. Global communities
6. Sectoral communities
7. Social Space communities
 Different Types of Communities
I. FORMAL COMMUNITY

A formal group is formed when people come together to accomplish specific goals and
objectives. An official group has particular structures and roles where responsibilities of
members of the group are defined.
Activities carried by a formal group have specific guidelines, which members of the
group are supposed to adhere to and follow to ensure good coordination. Some of the
common formal groups that exist within the organization or community include schools,
church, hospitals, government, and civic organizations.

Characteristics of Formal Groups

The formal group is characterized in engaging joint activities and discussion, helping
each other, and sharing information with each other. Moreover, they care about their
standing with each other.

Examples of formal communities

1. Academic-
2. Recreational
3. Retirement

II. INFORMAL COMMUNITY

An informal group is formed when two or more people come together to
accomplish a specific task which is mainly socially geared. The main idea behind the
establishment of the informal group is the satisfaction of both personal and
psychological needs.
Informal groups are not subjected to any rules and regulations in the company,
and the members of this group willingly belong to this group. There are no explicit
guidelines that govern the operations of an informal group.

Characteristics of Informal Groups

It consists of a set of personal relations, social networks, common interest and
emotional sources of motivation.

Examples of informal communities

 Ecovillages
 Co-housing communities
 Co-ops communities
 Religious communities

III. URBAN COMMUNITY

The term urban simply refers to the region or area which is densely populated
and possess the characteristics of the man-made surroundings.
The people residing in such area, are engaged in trade, commerce or services. In
this settlement, there is high scale industrialization that results in better employment
opportunities. The urban settlement is not confined to the cities only, but towns and
suburbs (suburban areas) are also included in it.
• Physical condition- refers to the development of physical fitness through the
adaptation of the body and its various systems to an exercise program.
• Social condition- refers to the sociological process of training individuals in a
society to respond in a manner generally approved by the society in general and peer
groups within society. The concept is stronger than that of socialization, which is the
process of inheriting norms, customs and ideologies.

Characteristics of Urban Communities:

• Advancement in science and technology
• Many business establishments, recreational centers, educational and religious institutions
• People are crowded
• Social heterogeneity
• Class extremes
• Greater pollution
• Many crimes are committed
• Family ties tend to be weak
• Limited space
• Greater impersonality among neighbours
• Higher standard of living
• Shortage of employment
• Informal settlers are rampant
• A lot of hazards and dangers
• Greater number of separation of spouses and live-in arrangements
• Major occupations are industrial, administrative and professional
• Divisions of labor and occupational specialization are very much Common.

IV. RURAL COMMUNITY

It refers to a small settlement, which is outside the boundaries of a city, commercial
or industrial area. It may include, countryside areas, villages or hamlets, where there
are natural vegetation and open spaces. There is a low density of population in such
area. The primary source of income of the residents is agriculture and animal
husbandry. Cottage Industries also form a chief source of income here.
A rural area is an open swath of land that has few homes or other buildings, and
not very many people. A rural area’s population density is very low.

Characteristics of the Rural Community:

• Greater personal interaction
• Deep, long-term relationships
• Generally, peace and order exists
• Mutual give and take affairs
• Emphasis of shared values
• Vernacular is usually spoken
• Wider area
• Influence of blood relationships in decision making
• Homogeneous type of culture
• Belief in supernatural and superstitious beliefs
• Relationship is more personal and informal
• Less pollution
• Few establishments and institutions
• Few goods and services
Difference between Urban and Rural - Based on the density of population, development,
amenities, employment opportunities, education, etc. human settlement is majorly divided
into two categories i.e. Urban and Rural. Urban refers to a human settlement where the rate
of urbanization and industrialization is high. On the other hand, in a rural settlement, is one
where the rate of urbanization is quite slow.
Another important difference between the two human settlements is that while urban
areas are highly populated, rural areas have comparatively less population than the urban
ones. Take a read of this article, in which we’ve compiled the important point to distinguish
the two.
COMPARISON CHART
BASIS FOR URBAN RURAL
COMPARISON

Meaning A settlement where the population is very high An area located in the outskirts, is known
and has the features of a built environment, is as rural.
known as urban.
Includes Cities and towns Villages and hamlet

Life Fast and complicated Simple and relaxed

Environment Greater isolation from nature. Direct contact with nature.

Associated with Non-agricultural work, i.e. trade, commerce or Agriculture and livestock.
provision of services.
Population size Densely populated Sparsely populated

Development Planned settlement exists in urban areas that Developed randomly, based on availability
are developed according to the process of of natural vegetation and fauna in the
urbanization and industrialization. area.
Social mobility Highly intensive Less intensive

Division of labor Always present at the time of job allotment. No such division.

V. GLOBAL COMMUNITY

A global community are the people or nations of the world, considered as being
closely connected by modern telecommunications and as being economically, socially,
and politically interdependent.
The quality of global governance is reflected in each local community worldwide.
The global community will show leadership by creating a global civil ethic within the
global community.
The global constitution describes all values needed for good global governance:
mutual respect, tolerance, respect for life, justice for all everywhere, integrity, and
caring. The Scale of Human and Earth Rights has become an inner truth and the
benchmark of the millennium in how everyone sees all values.

Characteristics of Global Communities

 World community
 Common point of view toward issues of human rights, global warming and climate
change, peace and order, socio-economic conditions as well as disputed issues
such as territorial conflict.

VI. SECTORAL COMMUNITY

WHAT DO WE MEAN BY COMMUNITY SECTORS?

Community sectors can mean a number of different things. In some cases, it

describes broad categories – the public and private sectors, for example, referring
respectively to those individuals and organizations that have to do with government in
some way and those that don’t. Sometimes, the term “community sector” means
community-based organizations, institutions, and initiatives, as opposed to those
operated by state government, national or international groups, or large corporations.
So what are these sectors?
Sectors that exist in all communities, but there are numerous categories that are
common in most communities in the developed world, and in many communities in
developing countries as well:
 Health. This includes medical and mental health professionals (doctors, nurses,
psychologists and psychotherapists, physical therapists, etc.), pharmacists and
pharmacies, hospitals and other in-patient facilities, clinics, non-traditional health
practitioners (acupuncturists, chiropractors, massage therapists, etc.), and public
health.
 Education. Public and private K-12 schools, public and private pre-schools,
public and private colleges and universities, school committees, school
administrators, teachers, other educational institution employees, parents,
students, state boards of education, etc.This sector may (or may not, depending
on the issue) include adult basic education.
 Law Enforcement. The local and state police, the court system – judges,
probation officers, prosecutors, court-appointed defense lawyers, court-mandated
programs for offenders, etc.
 Government. Regional, provincial, state, local, and tribal government
bureaucracies, agencies, and officials, both elected and appointed.
 Business. This sector can range from the self-employed carpenter or momand-
pop grocery store to the multinational corporation with a local facility.
 Youth. Youth themselves (in the U.S., generally viewed as ages 18 and younger) and
those who work directly with them (youth violence prevention and outreach
programs, Big Brother/Big Sister, Boys’ and Girls’ Clubs, scouting, etc.) There may
be overlap here with the education, parents, human service, culture, and
sports/recreation sectors.
 Parents. Whether parents are viewed as a community sector or not may depend on
the nature of the issue of concern. They’re certainly a sector in the case of
community-wide efforts that benefit or otherwise affect children, but they may not be
seen as a separate group when the
 The media. The media now includes not only newspapers and magazines, radio,
and TV, but the vast array of blogs, videos, online news, and other material available
on the Internet.
 Human Services. This sector generally includes non-profit professional and
volunteer organizations that provide free or affordable services such as job training,
food, shelter, elder services, ABE/ESOL, services for individuals with physical or
mental disabilities, support and advocacy for immigrants, etc.
 Religion. Places of worship and their members and religious organizations (e.g.,
Knights of Columbus, B’nai Brith) of all faiths. If the community is a large city, this
sector may include the hierarchy of a national church as well (a Roman Catholic
archbishop, for instance.)
 Service/Fraternal Organizations. The Lions, Masons, Rotary,
Kiwanis, and other local and national or international service
organizations.
 Community Activist and Volunteer Groups. These might be aimed at political
issues, supportive of existing institutions, oriented toward economics group that
volunteers to help non-profits and small business owners with financial and
business plans), or more enerally concerned with the quality of community life.
  Culture. The arts community comprises artists of all stripes – musicians, dancers and
choreographers, writers, actors and directors, designers, visual artists – as well as arts
organizations, theaters, orchestras, museums, galleries, and those who work as support
staff in the arts – stagehands, cameramen, electricians, set builders, etc.
 Housing and Development. In this sector, we find both public and private non-profit
housing agencies and organizations that provide rent subsidies and/or affordable
housing, as well as developers who build market-rate and upscale residential and
commercial properties.
 Sports and Recreation. This sector might include sports clubs, town or county
recreation departments, amateur and professional athletic associations, public and
private sports and recreation facilities, the YMCA, gyms, coaches, personal trainers,
recreation leaders, and camp directors, as well as those who participate in these groups
as athletes, spectators, or supporters.
 The Environment. Individual environmentalists; international, national, and local
environmental organizations (e.g., Greenpeace, Friends of the Earth, the Sierra Club,
local preservation organizations); conservation land trusts; recreational hunters and
fishermen, rock climbers and mountaineers, wildlife biologists and botanists, ecologists,
hikers, canoers/kayakers, and other outdoorspeople; hydrologists (water specialists).
This sector may also include those who make a living from a pristine or carefully-
managed environment: producers of maple sugar, mushroomers, organic and tree
farmers, wilderness guides, owners of hotels and B&Bs that cater to those who use –
and are located in – wilderness areas.

Characteristics of Sectoral Communities:

• Voluntary , non-profit and non-governmental
• Third sector (in contrast to public and private sector
• NGOs:Non-governmental organizations

Examples of Sectoral Communities:

1. Non-profit organization- A nonprofit organization is a business that has been

granted tax-exempt status by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) because it furthers
a social cause and provides a public benefit.

2. Non-governmental organization-Organizationswhich are independent of

government involvement are known as non-governmental organizations or NGOs
or non-government organizations.

VII. SOCIAL SPACE

A social space is a physical or a virtual space such as social center, online social
media, or other gathering place where people gather and interact.
Social space has various forms of spaces used by community in conducting
social interaction. These kinds of spaces should be given more attention since they
serve as catalyst in the implementation of good social cohesion in community. The
effort includes giving concern toward their various implemented form. This concern will
give benefits in the creation of resilient built environment.

Characteristics of Social Space Communities:

• Environmental infrastructures
• Natural and semi-natural (man influenced) green infrastructure elements
 Natural spaces
• Environment as a social space, place of interaction
• Public space/open space related to human’s daily life
• Green recreation zones
• Neutral grounds for different groups to come together
• Social green surrounding  Outdoor space
• Safe place, etc.

Examples of social space communities:

1. Social Center- These are community spaces such as buildings which are used
for a range of disparate activities, which can be linked only by being not-for-profit.
2. Town Squares- This is an open public space commonly found in the heart of a
traditional town used for community gatherings.
3. Parks- A park is an area of natural, semi-natural or planted space set aside for
human enjoyment and recreation or for the protection of wildlife or natural habitats.
4. Pubs- It is a tavern or bar.
5. Shopping Malls- A large building or series of connected buildings containing a variety
of retail stores and typically also restaurants.

D. Let’s Generalize
Generalization: Though we have contrasting behavior, we still have similarities
that we can work with for us to be a better citizen of our community.

E. Points to remember
You can classify every type of community by the purpose that brings them together.
1.Interest. Communities of people who share the same interest or passion.
2.Action. Communities of people trying to bring about change.
3.Place. Communities of people brought together by geographic boundaries.
4.Practice. Communities of people in the same profession or undertake the same activities.
5.Circumstance. Communities of people brought together by external events/situations.
Difference between Formal Groups and Informal Groups
Formation of Formal and Informal Groups
One of the main differences between the formal and informal group is the process
through which some groups are formed.
The management of the company to achieve specific tasks deliberately forms formal groups.
This means that some rules and regulations guide the formation of a formal group. One
cannot leave the group without the authority of the management.
On the other hand, an informal group is voluntarily formed by members coming together to
satisfy their personal and psychological needs. One can join and leave the group when he or
she decides.
Difference Between Urban Community and Rural Community.
Formation of Urban and Rural community
In a formal group, the relationship between members is professional because the
group is created to achieve a specific task or goal that is controlled by the management of the
organization.
Size of Formal and Informal Groups
Formal groups are usually large because they are formed with the purpose of ensuring
that they can achieve goals that measure the success of the company. Members of a formal
group have skills and competencies to handle official activities on behalf of the company.
Informal groups are comparatively small because close friends or people who know one
another on a personal level form them. This makes it challenging to assemble many members
since not all persons in an organization know one another at a personal level.

Nature/Life of Formal and Informal Groups

Formal groups are usually stable and are likely to exist for a lengthy period.
Additionally, the task allocated to a formal group may last for a long duration hence making
the formal group exist until the task allocated is completed.
Informal groups are not stable because they are governed by the feelings between the
members. In case the sentiments between members become volatile, the group is likely to be
dissolved.
Relationship of Formal and Informal Groups
Urban refers to a human settlement where the rate of urbanization and
industrialization is high. On the other hand, in a rural settlement, is one where the rate of
urbanization is quite slow. Another important difference between the two human settlements
is that while urban areas are highly populated, rural areas have comparatively less
population than the urban ones.

IV. APPLICATION: #WhatDoYouDo? Local Community /

Global Community

Direction: Write the similarities

and differences of the two types of
community (based on geographical
boundary using this diagram.

V. EVALUATION

A. Below are statements with jumbled words based on the previous discussion. Try to
remember each concept by looking into the jumbled words. Have fun!

1. __________________ CIASOL PASCE

- a physical or virtual space which members of the community visit or where they stay.
2. ___________________ CONMIMUTY CESTORS
- various groups or subdivisions of the larger community divided based on characteristics
such as political, economic, cultural, and religious beliefs.
3. ___________________ BANUR CONMIMUTY
- described as industrialized and commercial centers where population density is relatively
high.
4. ___________________ ABLGOL CONMIMUTY
- characterized by integration and interaction between individuals and groups away from
each other in time or space or both.
5. ____________________ RALFOM CONMIMUTY
- characterized by institutionally structured hierarchies, which define the relationship
between authoritative and subordinate actors and groups.

B. Read and analyze the statements below. Identify what is described in each sentence.
___________6. This group is composed of members who decided to join the group to satisfy
their social needs.
___________7. These are social spaces owned and regulated regularly.
___________8. This is the community where different businesses and industries are
involved.
___________ 9. Community sector which includes places of worship and organizations as
part of the beliefs of the people in the community.
___________10. Community sector that includes dairy farmers, cheesemakers,
winemakers, food processors and the likes.

A. REFLECTION

Write at least 1 paragraph of your reflection about the topic.

Guide questions:

1. What have you studied that are interesting?

2. how does your learning affect your view of the community that you live in?

B. LIST OF REFERNCES
https://www.nationalgeogrhic.org/topics/resource-libray
https://khanacademy.org/science/high-school-biology/hs-ecology/hs-
communityecology/a/community-structure
https://www.sideshare.net/mobil/sumaiahalghamdie/community-ecology125518625