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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Community
Engagement, Solidarity
and Citizenship
Quarter 1 Module 3
Types of Communities and Its Differences

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines


Community Engagement, Solidarity, and Citizenship (CSC)
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 3: Types of Communities and its Differences

First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
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ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education


Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Assistant Secretary: Alma Ruby C. Torio

Development Team of the Module


Author: Leterin II G. Agcopra
Content Editor: Michael M. Taytay
Language Editor: Elbert T. Maestre
Proofreader : Presentacion P. Alarba
Layout Artist: Ivy O. Niñeza
Development Team:
Chairperson: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III
Regional Director
Co-Chairpersons: Dr. Victor G. De Gracia Jr. CESO V
Assistant Regional Director
Jonathan S. dela Peña, PhD, CESO V
Schools Division Superintendent
Rowena H. Para-on, PhD
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Mala Epra B. Magnaong, Chief ES, CLMD
Members: Neil A. Improgo, PhD, EPS-LRMS; Bienvenido U. Tagolimot, Jr., PhD, EPS-ADM;
Erlinda G. Dael, PhD, CID Chief; Maria Teresa M. Absin, EPS (English); Celieto B.
Magsayo, LRMS Manager; Loucile L. Paclar, Librarian II;
Kim Eric G. Lubguban, PDO II

Printed in the Philippines by


Department of Education - Alternative Delivery Mode (DepEd-ADM)

ii
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Community
Engagement, Solidarity
and Citizenship
Quarter 1 Module 3
Types of Communities and Its Differences

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and


reviewed by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and/or
universities. We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to
email their feedback, comments, and recommendations to the Department of
Education at action@deped.gov.ph.

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page No.

Cover page i
Copyright page ii
Table of Contents iv

FIRST QUARTER - MODULE 3


What I Need to Know 1
What Should I Expect 1
Things to Remember to Get Through 2
What Should I Expect 3
What I Know 3
What’s New 4
Assessment 25
Additional Activities 25
Assessment 26
References 26

iv
WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

This module focuses on types of communities and its differences. It allows us


to support one another, interact, share experiences and our modern life struggles.
Having this open bond with others is what builds valuable relationships, and gives us
a deeper sense of belonging.
Communities are also rich in resources. Your strengths may be someone
else’s weaknesses and vice versa. With the diversity of skills, common goals can be
achieved that much faster.

WHAT SHOULD I EXPECT

After studying this module, students will be able to:


1. analyze the different types of communities;
2. distinguish the typologies of communities; and
3. appreciate the roles and contributions of different types of
communities.

1
THINGS TO REMEMBER TO
GET THROUGH

To learn the benefits from this module, follow the steps below:

1. Read the module title and the module introduction to get an idea of what the
module covers. Specifically, read the first two sections of this module
carefully. The first section tells you what this module is all about while the
second section tells you of what you are expected to learn.

2. Never move on to the next page unless you have done what you are expected
to do in the previous page. Before you start each lesson, read first the
INSTRUCTIONS.

3. Work on the activities. Take note of the skills that each activity is helping you
to develop.

4. Take the Post-Test after you are done with all the lessons and activities in the
module.

5. Meet with your teacher. Ask him/her about any difficulty or confusion you have
encountered in this module.

6. Finally, prepare and gather all your outputs and submit them to your teacher.

7. Please write all your answers of the tests, activities, exercises, and others in
your separate activity notepad.

GOOD LUCK AS YOU BEGIN THIS MODULE!

2
WHAT SHOULD I EXPECT

Learning Competency 4: Define using various perspectives, e.g., social sciences,


institutions, civil society, and local/grassroots level HUMSS_CSC12-IIIa-c-6
(2 hours).
At the end of this lesson, students will be able to:
1. distinguish the different types of communities;
2. describe of each type of community;
3. differentiate formal and informal communities; and
4. compare urban and rural communities.

WHAT I KNOW

Instructions: Write T if the statement is true and F if it is false. Write your


answer in your notebook.
1. A formal group is formed when people come together to accomplish specific goals
and objectives.
2. An informal group is formed when two or more people come together to accomplish a
specific task which is mainly socially geared.
3. The term urban simply refers to the region or area which is densely populated and
possess the characteristics of the man-made surroundings.
4. A rural area is an open swath of land that has few homes or other buildings, and not
very many people.
5. The term urban simply refers to the region or area which is densely populated and
possess the characteristics of the man-made surroundings.
6. A global community are the people or nations of the world, considered as being
closely connected by modern telecommunications and as being economically,
socially, and politically interdependent.
7. Sectoral means relating to the various economic sectors of a society or to
a particular economic sector.
8. A social space is physical or virtual space such as a social center,
online social media, or other gathering place where people gather and interact.
9. Social condition refers to the development of physical fitness through the adaptation
of the body and its various systems to an exercise program
10. Some of the common formal groups that exist within the organization or community
include schools, church, hospitals, government, and civic organizations.

3
WHAT’S NEW

TYPES OF COMMUNITIES
1. Formal communities
2. Informal Communities
3. Urban communities
4. Rural Communities
5. Global communities
6. Sectoral communities
7. Social Space
communities

Different Types of Communities

I. FORMAL COMMUNITY

A formal group is formed when people come together to accomplish specific


goals and objectives. An official group has particular structures and roles where
responsibilities of members of the group are defined.

Activities carried by a formal group have specific guidelines, which members


of the group are supposed to adhere to and follow to ensure good coordination.
Some of the common formal groups that exist within the organization or community
include schools, church, hospitals, government, and civic organizations.

Characteristics of Formal Groups

The formal group is characterized in engaging joint activities and discussion,


helping each other, and sharing information with each other. Moreover, they care
about their standing with each other.

4
Examples of formal communities
 Academic-

recruitguelph.ca stringsoft.in

 Recreation

 Retirement

5
II. INFORMAL COMMUNITY

An informal group is formed when two or more people come together to


accomplish a specific task which is mainly socially geared. The main idea behind the
establishment of the informal group is the satisfaction of both personal and
psychological needs.

Informal groups are not subjected to any rules and regulations in the
company, and the members of this group willingly belong to this group. There are no
explicit guidelines that govern the operations of an informal group.

Characteristics of Informal Groups

It consists of a set of personal relations, social networks, common interest and


emotional sources of motivation.

Examples of informal communities


 Ecovillages

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 Co-housing communities

 Co-ops communities

 Religious communities

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III. URBAN COMMUNITY

The term urban simply refers to the region or area which is densely populated
and possess the characteristics of the man-made surroundings.

The people residing in such area, are engaged in trade, commerce or


services. In this settlement, there is high scale industrialization that results in better
employment opportunities. The urban settlement is not confined to the cities only, but
towns and suburbs (suburban areas) are also included in it.

There are many advantages of life in urban areas like easy access to various
amenities, better transportation facilities, entertainment and education options,
health facilities. Although it suffers certain drawbacks like pollution, caused due to
large scale industrialization and means of transportation like buses, trains, cars and
so on, leading to increasing in health problems in the people living in that area.

An urban area is the region surrounding a city. An area with high density of
population. Urban community is something which an individual thought as, an area
with high density of population, an area with the availability of basic requirements, an
area of good resources, the area has lots of opportunity of employment and such an
area which can be considered as life-giving for luxurious desires of human or
individual. The word urban community has many meanings, the term ‘community’,
only, denotes two conditions:

 Physical condition- refers to the development of physical fitness through the


adaptation of the body and its various systems to an exercise program.

 Social condition- refers to the sociological process of training individuals in a


society to respond in a manner generally approved by the society in general
and peer groups within society. The concept is stronger than that of
socialization, which is the process of inheriting norms, customs and ideologies.
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Urban life and personality are affected by the physical and social conditions of
urban living—anonymity, social distance, speed and tension, regimentation,
impersonal social interaction, mobility and transiency etc. These conditions produce
impersonality, insecurity and segmentation of personality, which appear to be
universal characteristics of urbanization (or urban community) all over the world.

Urban mode of life is quite contrary to traditional rural life, though it has affected
rural life which is also in the process of change. Its characteristics are represented by
the terms ‘urbanism’ and the process of its expansion is called ‘urbanization’.

Characteristics of Urban Communities:

 Advancement in science and technology


 Many business establishments, recreational centers, educational and religious
institutions
 People are crowded
 Social heterogeneity
 Class extremes
 Greater pollution
 Many crimes are committed
 Family ties tend to be weak
 Limited space
 Greater impersonality among neighbors
 Higher standard of living
 Shortage of employment
 Informal settlers are rampant
 A lot of hazards and dangers
 Greater number of separation of spouses and live-in arrangements
 Major occupations are industrial, administrative and professional
 Divisions of labor and occupational specialization are very much common

IV. RURAL COMMUNITY

It refers to a small settlement, which is outside the boundaries of a city,


commercial or industrial area. It may include, countryside areas, villages or hamlets,
where there are natural vegetation and open spaces. There is a low density of
population in such area. The primary source of income of the residents is agriculture
and animal husbandry. Cottage Industries also form a chief source of income here.

A rural area is an open swath of land that has few homes or other buildings, and
not very many people. A rural area’s population density is very low.

Characteristics of the Rural Community:

 Greater personal interaction


 Deep, long-term relationships
 Generally, peace and order exists
 Mutual give and take affairs
 Emphasis of shared values

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 Vernacular is usually spoken
 Wider area
 Influence of blood relationships in decision making
 Homogeneous type of culture
 Belief in supernatural and superstitious beliefs
 Relationship is more personal and informal
 Less pollution
 Few establishments and institutions
 Few goods and services

Difference between Urban and Rural

Based on the density of population, development, amenities, employment


opportunities, education, etc. human settlement is majorly divided into two categories
i.e. Urban and Rural. Urban refers to a human settlement where the rate of
urbanization and industrialization is high. On the other hand, in a rural settlement, is
one where the rate of urbanization is quite slow.

Another important difference between the two human settlements is that while
urban areas are highly populated, rural areas have comparatively less population
than the urban ones. Take a read of this article, in which we’ve compiled the
important point to distinguish the two.

10
COMPARISON CHART

BASIS FOR
URBAN RURAL
COMPARISON

Meaning A settlement where the population is An area located in the


very high and has the features of a outskirts, is known as
built environment, is known as urban. rural.

Includes Cities and towns Villages and hamlet

Life Fast and complicated Simple and relaxed

Environment Greater isolation from nature. Direct contact with nature.

Associated with Non-agricultural work, i.e. trade, Agriculture and livestock.


commerce or provision of services.

Population size Densely populated Sparsely populated

Development Planned settlement exists in urban Developed randomly,


areas that are developed according to based on availability of
the process of urbanization and natural vegetation and
industrialization. fauna in the area.

Social mobility Highly intensive Less intensive

Division of labor Always present at the time of job No such division.


allotment.

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V. GLOBAL COMMUNITY

A global community are the people


or nations of the world, considered as being
closely connected
by modern telecommunications and as
being economically, socially, and
politically interdependent.
citizenshipleicuni.weebly.com
The quality of global governance is
reflected in each local community worldwide. The global community will show
leadership by creating a global civil ethic within the global community.

The global constitution describes all values needed for good global
governance: mutual respect, tolerance, respect for life, justice for all everywhere,
integrity, and caring. The Scale of Human and Earth Rights has become an inner
truth and the benchmark of the millennium in how everyone sees all values.

Characteristics of Global Communities

 World community
 Common point of view toward issues of human rights, global warming and
climate change, peace and order, socio-economic conditions as well as
disputed issues such as territorial conflict.

VI. SECTORAL COMMUNITY

Joint Sectoral Committee (JSC)...

12
W H AT D O W E MEAN B Y C O M MUNIT Y SECTORS?

Community sectors can mean a number of different things. In some cases, it


describes broad categories – the public and private sectors, for example, referring
respectively to those individuals and organizations that have to do with government
in some way and those that don’t. Sometimes, the term “community sector” means
community-based organizations, institutions, and initiatives, as opposed to those
operated by state government, national or international groups, or large corporations.
In this section, when we refer to “community sectors,” we’re pointing at the
various groups that people in the larger community might be divided into for reasons
of common social, political, economic, cultural, or religious interests. In some cases,
membership in a sector may be conscious (business people as part of the “business
sector,” for example.) In others, people may not think about their membership
(parents may not think of themselves as helping to make up the “education sector.”)
Many individuals may belong to, or have contact with, several of these sectors;
others may be considered only in relation to a single one.
So what are these sectors?
Sectors that exist in all communities, but there are numerous categories that are
common in most communities in the developed world, and in many communities in
developing countries as well:

 Health. This includes medical and mental


health professionals (doctors, nurses,
psychologists and psychotherapists, physical
therapists, etc.), pharmacists and
pharmacies, hospitals and other in-patient
facilities, clinics, non-traditional health
practitioners (acupuncturists, chiropractors,
massage therapists, etc.), and public health
agencies
.

 Education. Public and private K-12 schools,


public and private pre-schools, public and
private colleges and universities, school
committees, school administrators, teachers,
other educational institution employees,
parents, students, state boards of education,
etc.This sector may (or may not, depending
on the issue) include adult basic education
(ABE) and English as Second or Other
Language (ESOL) programs. The Condition of Education nces.ed.gov

13
 Law Enforcement. The local and state police, the court system – judges, probation
officers, prosecutors, court-appointed defense lawyers, court-mandated programs for
offenders, etc.

National Law Enforcement Appreciation ...westrivereagle.com

 Government. Regional, provincial,


state, local, and tribal government
bureaucracies, agencies, and
officials, both elected and
appointed.

Government - Chris Skinner's blog thefinanser.com

 Business. This sector can range from


the self-employed carpenter or mom-
and-pop grocery store to the
multinational corporation with a local
facility.

Business Network People - Free image on ...pixabay.com


 Youth. Youth themselves (in the U.S.,
generally viewed as ages 18 and younger) and
those who work directly with them (youth
violence prevention and outreach programs,
Big Brother/Big Sister, Boys’ and Girls’ Clubs,
scouting, etc.) There may be overlap here with
the education, parents, human service, culture,
and sports/recreation sectors.
Youth For Change - Home | Facebook facebook.com

 Parents. Whether parents are viewed as a


community sector or not may depend on the
nature of the issue of concern. They’re certainly
a sector in the case of community-wide efforts
that benefit or otherwise affect children, but they
may not be seen as a separate group when the
issue is care for elders. 
Children by Sir Francis Bacon ...askliterature.com
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 The media. The media now includes not only
newspapers and magazines, radio, and TV, but the
vast array of blogs, videos, online news, and other
material available on the Internet.

How violence in media affects children ... evergreenpsychotherapycenter.com

 Human Services. This sector generally includes


non-profit professional and volunteer organizations
that provide free or affordable services such as job
training, food, shelter, elder services, ABE/ESOL,
services for individuals with physical or mental
disabilities, support and advocacy for immigrants,
etc. Human Services Professional: What Do ...soapboxie.com

 Religion. Places of worship and their members and


religious organizations (e.g., Knights of Columbus,
B’nai Brith) of all faiths. If the community is a large
city, this sector may include the hierarchy of a national
church as well (a Roman Catholic archbishop, for
instance.)

Human Services Professional: What Do ...soapboxie.com

 Service/Fraternal 
Organizations. The Lions, Masons,
Rotary, Kiwanis, and other local and
national or international service
organizations.
Fraternal Order of Eagles scanner Eagle ...pngwing.com

 Community Activist and Volunteer


Groups. These might be aimed at
political issues (engaged in advocacy for
or against a particular action of
government), supportive of existing
institutions (“Friends of” the local park, a
school playground volunteer corps),
oriented toward economics (SCORE –
Service Corps of Retired Executives – a Educator To Activist - Social Media ...clipartmax.com
group that volunteers to help non-profits
and small business owners with financial and business plans), or more

15
generally concerned with the quality of community life (e.g., block
associations, organizers of community festivals.)

 Culture. The arts community comprises artists of all stripes – musicians,


dancers and choreographers, writers, actors and directors, designers, visual
artists – as well as arts organizations, theaters, orchestras, museums,
galleries, and those who work as support staff in the arts – stagehands,
cameramen, electricians, set builders, etc.

.
affects to Architecture ...
steemit.com

 Housing and Development. In this sector, we


find both public and private non-profit housing
agencies and organizations that provide rent
subsidies and/or affordable housing, as well as
developers who build market-rate and upscale
residential and commercial properties.

 Sports and Recreation. This sector might include sports clubs, town or
county recreation departments, amateur and professional athletic
associations, public and private
sports and recreation facilities, the
YMCA, gyms, coaches, personal
trainers, recreation leaders, and
camp directors, as well as those who
participate in these groups as
athletes, spectators, or supporters.
Africa: Sports and Recreationgeography.name

16
 The Environment. Individual environmentalists; international, national, and
local environmental organizations (e.g., Greenpeace, Friends of the Earth, the
Sierra Club, local preservation organizations); conservation land trusts;
recreational hunters and fishermen, rock climbers and mountaineers, wildlife
biologists and botanists, ecologists, hikers, canoers/kayakers, and other
outdoorspeople; hydrologists (water specialists). This sector may also include
those who make a living from a pristine or carefully-managed environment:
producers of maple sugar, mushroomers, organic and tree farmers,
wilderness guides, owners of hotels and B&Bs that cater to those who use –
and are located in – wilderness areas.

Job Mail Blog

Characteristics of Sectoral Communities:

 Voluntary , non-profit and non-governmental


 Third sector (in contrast to public and private sector
 NGOs:Non-governmental organizations

Examples of Sectoral Communities:

1. Non-profit organization- A nonprofit


organization is a business that has
been granted tax-exempt status by
the Internal Revenue Service
(IRS) because it furthers a social
cause and provides a public benefit.

2. Non-governmental organization-
Organizations which are independent of government involvement are
known as non-governmental organizations or NGOs or non-government
organizations.

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IBON Foundation

IBON Foundation is a research-education-information and advocacy


organization committed to serve the marginalized sectors. They seek to contribute to
people’s empowerment by generating and collecting socio-economic data and
analyses, and disseminate these in the Philippines and abroad.

Philippine Red Cross

The PRC provides six major services: Blood Services, Disaster Management
Services, Safety Services, Community Health and Nursing Services, Social Services
and the Volunteer Services.

An independent, nonprofit media agency that specializes in investigative reporting of


political, social, and related issues surrounding the Filipinos.

On upholding the value of Life

Pro-Life Philippines

Habitat for Humanity Philippines (HFHP)

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A non-profit Christian ministry working to help build responsible and self-reliant
communities by enabling Filipino families in need to acquire affordable, decent, and
durable homes.

On poverty and families

Child Hope Asia


An international, non-sectarian organization advocating for the cause of street
children throughout the world.

On the welfare of animals

Philippine Animal Welfare Society

A volunteer-based organization working towards protection of animals from cruelty


through education, sheltering and advocacy.

On the Protection of the Environment

Haribon Foundation

Protecting Nature. Protecting Life. Committed to nature conservation through


community empowerment, and scientific excellence.

Society for the Conservation of Philippine Wetlands

Engaged in advocacy works supportive of wetland conservation.

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VII. SOCIAL SPACE

ljmu.ac.uk

A social space is a physical or a virtual space such as social center,


online social media, or other gathering place where people gather and interact.

Social space has various forms of spaces used by community in conducting


social interaction. These kinds of spaces should be given more attention since they
serve as catalyst in the implementation of good social cohesion in community. The
effort includes giving concern toward their various implemented form. This concern
will give benefits in the creation of resilient built environment.

Characteristics of Social Space Communities:

 Environmental infrastructures
 Natural and semi-natural (man influenced) green infrastructure elements
 Natural spaces
 Environment as a social space, place of interaction
 Public space/open space related to human’s daily life
 Green recreation zones
 Neutral grounds for different groups to come together
 Social green surrounding
 Outdoor space
 Safe place, etc.

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Examples of social space communities:

1. Social Center- These are community


spaces such as buildings which are used for
a range of disparate activities, which can be
linked only by being not-for-profit.

Social Media Command Center ...


medium.com

2. Town Squares- This is an open public space commonly found in the heart of a
traditional town used for community gatherings.

14 Famous City Squares around the World ...


touropia.com

3. Parks- A park is an area of natural, semi-natural or planted space set aside for
human enjoyment and recreation or for the protection of wildlife or natural
habitats.

City of Papillion Parks | Papillion, NE


papillion.org

4. Pubs- It is a tavern or bar.

Camerons Pubs - Venues - Leased and ...


cameronsbrewery.com

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5. Shopping Malls- A large building or series of connected buildings containing a
variety of retail stores and typically also restaurants.

Modern Slavery in Shopping Malls ...


dokuz8haber.net

You can classify every type of community by the purpose that brings them
together.
1. Interest. Communities of people who share the same interest or passion.
2. Action. Communities of people trying to bring about change.
3. Place. Communities of people brought together by geographic boundaries.
4. Practice. Communities of people in the same profession or undertake the same
activities.
5. Circumstance. Communities of people brought together by external
events/situations.

Difference between Formal Groups and Informal Groups

Formation of Formal and Informal Groups

accountlearning.com
One of the main differences between the formal and informal group is the
process through which some groups are formed.

22
The management of the company to achieve specific tasks deliberately forms
formal groups. This means that some rules and regulations guide the formation of a
formal group. One cannot leave the group without the authority of the management.

On the other hand, an informal group is voluntarily formed by members


coming together to satisfy their personal and psychological needs. One can join and
leave the group when he or she decides.

Structure of Formal and Informal Groups

Structures of a formal group are defined where the hierarchy and flow of
information from one member of the group to the other member is communicated.
This means that there is a chain of command through which instructions are
administered.

Most of the time an informal group does not have structures, but when it does
exist it is mostly not defined. This means that there is no chain of command and the
flow of information from one member to the other.

Additionally, communication in a formal group flows from top to bottom while


conversation in an informal group moves sideways without a defined path.

Difference Between Urban Community and Rural Community.

Formation of Urban and Rural community

californiaagtoday.com

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In a formal group, the relationship between members is professional because
the group is created to achieve a specific task or
goal that is controlled by the management of the
organization. Moreover, professional relationship
between members is brought about by the fact that
some members are senior in the organization.

tabletalkatlarrys.com

In an informal group, the relationship between members is personal. Members


of an informal group know each other at a personal level thus making their
relationship to be guided by personal aspects. Additionally, there is no seniority in
the group, which means that any member can assume a leadership position.

Size of Formal and Informal Groups

Formal groups are usually large because they are formed with the purpose of
ensuring that they can achieve goals that measure the success of the company.
Members of a formal group have skills and competencies to handle official activities
on behalf of the company.

Informal groups are comparatively small because close friends or people who
know one another on a personal level form them. This makes it challenging to
assemble many members since not all persons in an organization know one another
at a personal level.

Nature/Life of Formal and Informal Groups

Formal groups are usually stable and are likely to exist for a lengthy period.
Additionally, the task allocated to a formal group may last for a long duration hence
making the formal group exist until the task allocated is completed.

Informal groups are not stable because they are governed by the feelings
between the members. In case the sentiments between members become volatile,
the group is likely to be dissolved.

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Relationship of Formal and Informal Groups

Based on the density of population, development, amenities, employment


opportunities, education, etc. human settlement is majorly divided into two categories
i.e. Urban and Rural. Urban refers to a human settlement where the rate of
urbanization and industrialization is high. On the other hand, in a rural settlement, is
one where the rate of urbanization is quite slow.

Another important difference between the two human settlements is that while
urban areas are highly populated, rural areas have comparatively less population
than the urban ones.

ASSESSMENT

Instructions: The letters of the words are jumbled. Figure out what the word is
and write your answer in your notepad.
1. YOGSOICOL
2. TOYESCI
3. NOITZAINGARO
4. LARRU
5. NARBU
6. LAMNIROF
7. TYCOMIMUN
8. LASOCI CAPSE
9. BALLGO
10. CRETSO

ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES

In your activity notepad, answer the following:


1. Describe your community in five (5) sentences only.
2. List down what are the advantages of the type of community you
belong. Give at least five (5) advantages.

25

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