cHthpd; tsUk; ntshz;ik

Uzhavarin Valarum Velanmai

Regd. No. : DRO / CBE / Ref. No/ 25381 / 09 / E 2 / 2009

Title Code : TN / TAM /18594/09 khh]r] 2010 kyh] 1 ,jH; 9
Postal Regn. No. CB/063/2009 - 2011

tphpthf;ff; fy;tp ,af;ff btspaPL

¼káVõç\ ÄÍ>V ØÄKÝ

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¨[Å ØÃBö_ kºþ k竼kVçé ( DD ) ¶_ém
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cwkö[ káòD ¼káVõç\
>tµåV| ¼káVõç\© Ã_ïçé ïwïD
¼ïVBDAÝ# ‡ 641 003,
Ø>Vçé¼ÃE : 0422-6611233 gEöB
Published by Dr. P. Kalaiselvan and owned by/on behalf of Tamil Nadu
Agricultural University and published from Directorate of Extension
Education,Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003 and
printed by M.Mohamed Ali at M/s. Udhayam Achagam, 1540,Thadagam Road,
jkpH;ehL ntshz:ikg] gy;fiyf; fHfk;
Opp. Rajkamal Estate, Velandipalayam, Coimbatore - 641 025. nfhak;g[j;J}h] - 641 003
Editor : Dr. P. Kalaiselvan
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Mrphpah] FG : jpUkjp. ,uh. rrpfyh
1. ePh;ts epytsj; jpl;lj;jpy; brk;ik bey; rhFgo - Xu; cjtpg] nguhrphpia (,jHpay;)
tug;gpurhjk; 1 : Kidth; m. ntyha[jk;
2. khdthhpf;F Vw;w Fjpiuthyp 4 nguhrphpah; (cHtpay;)
3. k";rs; rhFgoapy; Ez;q}l;l';fspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; 7 : Kidth; nfh. mUs;bkhHpr; bry;td;
4. bey;ypf;fdpapypUe;J kjpg;g{l;lg;gl;l czt[g; bghUl;fs; nguhrphpah; (kz;zpay;;)
jahhpj;jy; 10
: Kidth; eh. kzptz;zd;
5. fhy;eil tsh;g;g[ - kz; tsk; ngqjypd; Mzpnth;; 13 ,izg; nguhrphpah; (gaph; bgUf;fk;)
6. ghrdePh; - epyj;Jf;fh> gaph; ntUf;fh> 21
: Kidth; ,y. g[fnHe;jp
7. g{kp Nlhtij jzpf;Fk; " gz;izf;Fl;il" 24 nguhrphpah; (njhl;lf;fiy)
8. kz;tsj;ij ghJfhf;f kz; ghpnrhjid \yk;
: Kidth; jp. uFre;jh;
xU';fpize;j rkr;rPh; cu eph;thfk; 29 nguhrphpah; (nehapay;)
9. gUj;jpapy; xU';fpize;j gaph; ghJfhg;g[ Kiw 34
: Kidth; gh. _jh;
10. 'kh' tpy; ,iy/ g{/ gp";R cjpu;jy; kw;Wk; gH mGfy; fl;Lg;ghL 38 nguhrphpah; (gz;iz ,ae;jputpay;)
11. gaph;fspy; mjpfhpj;J tUk; fe;jfr;rj;Jf; FiwghL xU
: Kidth] j. fiyr; bry;tp
fz;nzhl;lk; 41 ,izg; nguhrphpah; (tdtpay;)
12. kht[g;g{r;rp - gUj;jp cw;gj;jpapy; xU g[jpa jilf;fy; 46
: Kidth] eh. _uhk;
13. fd;dpahFkhp khtl;l brk;ik bey; rhFgo - tptrhapfspd; cjtpg; nguhrphpah; (tphpthf;f fy;tp)
fUj;Jf;fs; 48
14. mdf;fht{h; xd;wpaj;jpy; tskhd thH;t[f;F thiH rhFgo btspaPL
- btw;wpf;fij 51
15. cah; tpisr;ry; jUk; ,";rp ,ufk; tujh - xU btw;wpf;fij 54
Mrphpah]
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,jHpy; tUk; fUj;Jf;fSf;F nfhak;g[j;J}h] - 641 003
mtw;wpd: fl;Liu Mrphpah]fns bghWg;ghth] bjhiyngrp vz: - 0422 - 6611233
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tpist[fs;
,e;j ,";rp ,ufj;jpid gaphpl;l brUty;Y[}h; fpuhkj;ij nrh]e;j
jpU.rp. tp.uh$; kw;Wk; jpU b$.g[#;ggha; nghd;wth]fSk;/ mukd;dk; kw;Wk;
ngr]rpg]ghiw fpuhk';fisr] nrh]e;j jpU.tpy;rd]/ jpU.r';fh] nghd;wth]fSk;
j';fs; ,";rpiag] gw;wp gpw tptrhapfSf;F/ ntshz;ik mwptpay; epiya
tp";"hdpfSf;F kw;Wk; Clf';fSf;F fUj;Jf; TWk;bghGJ/ ,e;j
,ufk; mth]fs; rhjhuzkhfg] gaphpLk; ehl;L ,ufj;jpid tpl ruhrhpahf
20.4rjk; mjpf kfNYk; vf;lUf;F 1/03/200 +gha; tiu epfu tUkhdKk;
mspj;jjhf Twpdh]. nkYk; ,";rpiaj; jhf;Fk; bkd; mGfy; neha; kw;Wk;
g{r]rpfs; ehl;L ,ufj;ij tpl kpff; Fiwthfnt ,Ue;jjhft[k;/ ,e;j ,uf
,";rpf;F ey;y re;ij tpiy ,Ue;jjhft[k; kfpH;r]rp gl Twpdh].
brUty;Y}iur] nrh]e;j uh$; vd;gth] tpij ,";rpahf ,jid mWtil
bra;J fpnyhtpw;F mjpfgl;rkhf + 52 tiu tpw;whh]. ,k;khtl;lj;jpidr]
nrh]j;j bgUk;ghyhd tptrhapfs; ,e;j ,ufj;jpid gaphpl Mh;tk;
fhl;Lfpd;wdh;. tptrhapfSila fUj;Jg] ghpkhw;wj;jpid Clf';fs;
\yk; mwpe;J bfhz;l gpw khtl;l tptrhapfSk; ,e;j ,";rp tpijf;fhf
,t;ntshz;ik epiyaj;jpid mqfpa[s;sdh]. nrhjid Kaw;;rpahf
ehfg]gl;odk/; nfhit kw;Wk; kJiu khtl;l tptrhapfs; rpyUf;Fk; ,e;j
,";rp tH';fg]gl;Ls;sJ. tujh ,";rp ,ufk; tptrhapfspd; fdit
edthf;fp Vw;wkpF thH;tpw;F tHpfhl;Lk; vdgjpy; vt;;tpj Iag]ghLk;
,y;iy.
Fiwe;j mst[ epyg]gug]gpny tptrhapfspd; tpisepy';fspy;
,e;j ,";rp Ma;t[ Kiwapy; gaphplg]gl;oUg]gjhy; njitg]gLk; tptrhapfs;
midtUila njitiaa[k; g{h]j;jp bra;a ,t;ntshz;ik mwptpay;
epiyaj;jhy; ,ayhJ. vdnt ,e;j ,";rp ,ufj;jpid gaphpl tpUk;g[k;
tptrhapfs; nfhHpf;nfhl;oy; cs;s ,e;jpa eWkzg]gaph]fs; Muha;r]rp
epiyaj;jpid mqFkhW nfl;Lf; bfhs;sg]gLfpwhh]fs;. gpw khtl;l
tptrhapfs; ,e;j ,ufj;jpid gaphpLk; Kd;dh] Ma;t[ Kiwahf rpwpa
mst[ epyg;gug]gpny gaphpl;L tpist[fis fz;lwpe;J gpd;dnu mjpfstpy;
gaphpLkhW mwpt[Wj;jg]gLfpwhh;fs;.
tpij ,";rpf;fhf mqf ntz;oa Kfthp
,af;Feh]
,e;jpa eWkzg]gaph]fs; Muha;r]rpf ;fHfk;
nfhHpf;nfhL- 673 528.
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cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010
ePh]ts epytsj; jpl;lj;jpy; brk;ik bey; rhFgo
Xh] tug]gpurhjk;
t. fnzruh$h/ ,uh.tPug[j;jpud;/ kw;Wk; j.ghz;or;bry;tp
cHtpay; Jiw
ntshz;ikf; fy;Y}hp kw;Wk; Muha;r]rp epiyak;
kJiu - 625 104
jkpH;ehl;oy; bey; xU Kf;fpakhd czt[g] gaph] MFk;.
jkpHfj;jpd; ePh] Mjhu';fspy; Rkhh] 80 rjtPjk; bew;gapUf;F kl;Lnk
gad;gLj;jg]gLfpwJ. jw;nghJ bey; rhFgo jz;zPh] gw;whf;Fiw/ TLjy;
,LbghUs; bryt[/ ntiyahl;fs; jl;Lg]ghL nghd;w fhuz';fshy;
yhgfukhdjhf ,y; i y. ,r] N H; e piyapy; Fiwe; j jz; z Piua[ k ;
,LbghUl;fisa[k; gad;gLj;jp mjpf kfNy; kw;Wk; yhgk; fpilf;f xU
etPd rhFgo Kiwna brk;ik bey; rhFgo KiwahFk;. jkpH;ehl;oy;
ePh]ts epytsj; jpl;lj;jpy; jkpH;ehL ntshz;ik gy;fiyf; fHfk;
\ykhf brk;ik bey; rhFgo bray;tpsf;fj; jply;fs; gy;ntW
ghrdg]gFjpfspy; bray;gLj;jg]gLfpwJ. kJiu ntshz;ikf; fy;Y}hp
cHtpay; Jiw \ykhf ,j;jpl;lk; rptf';if khtl;lk; kzpKj;jhW
cgtoePh]g] gFjpapy; 2007-08 Mz;L Kjy; brk;ik bey; rhFgo bray;
tpsf;fj; jply;fs; nkw;bfhs;sg]gl;ld.
brk;ik bey; rhFgo vd;gJ kpff; Fiwe;j (Vf;fUf;F 3 fpnyh)
tpij mstpy; gha; ehw;wh';fhy; mikj;J 14 ehspy; taypy; ,sehw;iw
25 X 25 br.kP. ,ilbtspapy; fis nkyhz;ikapy; cUSk; fisf;fUtp
bfhz;L elt[ bra;j 10/ 20/ 30/ 40k; ehl;fspy; vd 4 Kiwapy; FWf;Fk;
beLf;Fkhf gad;gLj;JtJ MFk;. nkYk; Fiwe;j mst[ ePiu fha;r]rYk;
gha;r]rYkhf ePh] kiwa ePh] fl;o ghrdk; bra;tjhFk;. ,j;jpl;lj;jpy;
brk;ik bey; rhFgo bray;tpsf;fj; jply;fs; rptf';if khtl;lk;
jpUg]gj;J}h] jhYfhtpy; kfpghyd;gl;o/ fhtD}h]/ Jthh] kw;Wk; gl;lk';fyk;
Mfpa fpuhk';fspYk; fy;yy; jhYfhtpy; S.R. gl;ozk;/ kJiu
khtl;lj;jpy; fU';fhyf;Fo kw;Wk; my';fk;gl;o Mfpa fpuhk';fspy;
bkhj;jk; 211 bray; tpsf;fj; jply;fs; nkw;bfhs;sg]gl;ld. ,jd; Kot[fs;
eilKiwr] rhFgoa[ld; xg]gPL bra;ag]gl;ld.
kyh] - 2 1 ,jH;; - 9
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010
tpisr]ry; fhuzpfs;
Ma;tpd; Kot[fs; ml;ltiz xd;wpy; bfhLf;fg]gl;Ls;sd.
brk;ik bey; rhFgoapy; tpisr]ry; fhuzpfs; midj;Jk; eilKiwr]
rhFgoia tpl mjpfkhf ,Ue;jd. xU rJu kPl;lUf;F bew;fjph]fspd;
vz;zpf;if/ fjphpd; ePsk;/ xU fjphpy; bey;kzpfspd; vz;zpf;if
Mfpait brk;ik bey; rhFgoapy; Kiwna 597/ 20.4 br.kP. kw;Wk; 216 Mf
,Ue;jd. Mdhy; nkw;fz;l fhuzpfs; eilKiwr] rhFgoapy; Kiwna
419/ 18.2 br.kP./ 176 Mf kl;Lnk ,Ue;jd.
jhdpa tpisr;ry;
brk;ik bey; rhFgoapy; eilKiw rhFgoia tpl mjpfkhd
jhdpa tpisr]ry; fpilj;jij mwpe;J tptrhapfs; kfpH;r]rp mile;jdh].
brk;ik bey; rhFgoapy; 211 bray;tpsf;fj;jply;fspy; ruhrhp jhdpa
tpisr]ry; vf;lUf;F 5877 fpnyh fpilf;fg]bgw;wJ. Mdhy; eilKiw
rhFgoapy; jhdpa tpisr]ry; vf;lUf;F 4663 fpnyh kl;Lnk ,Ue;jJ.
vdnt brk;ik bey; rhFgo \yk; fpilj;j jhdpa tpisr]ry; cah]t[ 27.7
rjtPjk; vd fzf;fplg]gl;lJ.
ePh] gad;ghL
brk;ik bey; rhFgoapy; fha;r]rYk; gha;r]rYkhf Fiwe;j mst[
jpwk;gl ePh]g]gha;r]rpajhy; bkhj;j ePh] njit 1195 kp.kP. Mf ,Ue;jJ.
Mdhy; eilKiw rhFgoahy; njitf;F mjpfkhf ePh] nj';FkhW ePh]
gha;r]rpajhy; ePh] njit rw;W mjpfkhf 1481 kp.kP. Mf ,Ue;jJ. vdnt
brk;ik bey; rhFgoapy; 286 kp.kP. ePh] njit Fiwe;J Rkhh] 24 rjtPjk; ePh]
nrkpg]g[ fpilj;jJ. nkYk; ePh]gad;ghl;Lj;jpwd; brk;ik bey; rhFgoapy;
(4.87 fp.fp./ vf;lh]/kp.kP.) eilKiw rhFgoia (3.05 fp.fp./vf;lh]/kp.kP.) tpl
fzprkhd mst[ mjpfkhf ,Ue;jJ vd fz;lwpag]gl;lJ. ,ijna
vspjhf g[hpe;Jbfhs;Sk; tifapy; brhy;tbjd;why; brk;ik bey;
rhFgoapy; 1 ypl;lh] jz;zPh] gha;r]rpdhy; 0.49 fpuhk; jhdpa tpisr]ry;
fpilf;Fk;. Mdhy; eilKiw rhFgoapy; 1 ypl;lh] jz;zPh] gha;r]rpdhy;
0.31 fpuhk; kl;Lnk fpilf;Fk;.
bghUshjhuf; fz;nzhl;lk;
bghUshjhuj;jpYk; brk;ik bey; rhFgoia nkd;ikahf
,Ue;jJ fz;lwpag]gl;lJ. brk;ik bey; rhFgoapy; rhFgor] bryt[
kyh] - 2 2 ,jH;; - 9
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010
,uz;L vf;lh] epyg;gug;gpy; tpst';nfhL jhYfhtpy; 5 tptrhapfs;
epyj;jpy; 2007-k; Mz;L ntshz;ik mwptpay; epiyak; mwpKfg]
gLj;jpaJ.
rhFgo Kiwfs;
,e;j tujh ,";rpf;fhd rhFgo Kiwiag; gw;wp Twpg]gpl
ntz;Lbkdpy;/ tpij ,";rpia $dthp khjk; mWtil bra;J epHypy;
rw;nw <ug]gjkhd kzypy; gf;Ftg]gLj;jp Vg;uy; -nk khj';fspy; nfhil
kiH fpilj;jt[ld; epyj;ij ed;F cGJ nkl;Lg]ghj;jpfs; mikj;J
,";rpia 2.5-3.0 br.kP ePsj;jpy; Jz;Lfshf;fp 20-25 br.kP ,ilbtspapy;
elt[ bra;a ntz;Lk;. eltpw;F Kd; tpij ,";rpia rhzk; kw;Wk;
Nnlhnkhdh!; fye;j fiurypy; eidj;J miukzpneuk; epHypy;
cyh]j;j ntz;Lk;. ed;F kf;fpa bjhGt[uk; (20-30 ld;fs;) kw;Wk;
ntg]gk;g[z;zhf;fpid (200 fpnyh/vf;lh]) eltpw;F Kd;djhf ghj;jpfspy;
,lntz; L k; . bjhGt[ u k; mjpfk; ,LtJ ,"; r pf; F kpf kpf
mtrpakhdjhFk; . ,J kz; z pd; ,Wf; f j; i j Fiwj; J ey; y
fhw;nwhl;lj;jpid bfhLg]gnjhL Ez;q}l;lr]rj;J gw;whf;Fiwfisa[k;
epth]j;jp bra;fpwJ. ,k;khtl;lj;jpy; bgUk;ghyhd tptrhapfs; ,";rpia
,aw;if Kiwapnyna rhFgo bra;fpd;wdh]. ,urhad cu';fspy;
vf;lUf;F 50 fpnyh kzpr]rj;ija[k/; 25 fpnyh rhk;gy; rj;jpida[k;
moa[ukhf ,lntz;Lk;. gpd; ehw;gJ ehl;fs; fHpj;J 35 fpnyh
jiHr]rj;ija[k; 90 ehl;fs; fHpj;J 35 fpnyh jiH kw;Wk; 25 fpnyh rhk;gy;
rj;jpida[k; nkYukhf ,lntz;Lk;. ,";rpf;F epyg]nghh]it ,LtJ
mtrpak;. 5-10 ld;fs; tiu ,iy jiHfisf; bfhz;L epyg]nghh]it ,l
ntz;Lk;. tofhy; trjpa[k; kpf kpf mtrpak;. tofhy; trjp rhpahf
bra;ahtpoy; bkd; mGfy; neha; jhf;ff; TLk;. bkd; mGfy; neha;
jhf;Fk; nghJ ,iyfs; k";rshfp xoe;J tpLtnjhL fpH';FfSk;
mGfptpLk;. ,jidf; fl;Lg]gLj;j fpH';Ffis eltpw;F Kd; xU fpnyh
tpij ,";rpf;F 10fpuhk; Nnlhnkhdh!; bfhz;L tpij neh]j;jp bra;J
gpd;dUk;; neha; mwpFwpfs; bjd;gl;lhy; fhg]gh] Mf;!pFnshiuL (0.2
rjk]) my;yJ bkl;lyhf;!py; (0.1rjk;) fiuriy nth]ghfk; ed;F
eida[k;go kz;zpy; Cw;w ntz;Lk;. ork;gh] khjj;jpy; ,";rp ,iyfs;
ed;F fha[k; jUthapy; ,";rpia mWtil bra;a ntz;Lk;. g{r]rp
jhf;Fjy; vd;W vLj;Jf; bfhz;lhy; fpH';Ffisj; jhf;Fk; Td; tz;nl
mjpfk; nrjk; tpistpg]gjhFk;. ,jd; jhf;Fjy; mjpfkhdhy; fpH';Ffs;
mGfp jz;L gGg]g[ epwkhfp fha;e;J tpLk;. ,jid fhh]ghpy; 0.20 rjk;
kUe;jpid kz;zpy; nth]gFjp ed;F eida[k;go 15 ehs; ,ilbtspapy; 2
Kiw Cw;Wtjd; \yk; fl;Lg]gLj;jyhk;.
kyh] - 2 55 ,jH;; - 9
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010 cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010

cah; tpisr;ry; jUk; ,";rp ,ufk; tujh (vf;lUf;F 20/203 +gha;) eilKiwr] rhFgoia (vf;lUf;F 22367 +gha;)
xU btw;wpf; fij tpl vf;lUf;F +gha; 2164 Fiwthf ,Ue;jJ. brk;ik bey; rhFgoapy;
bkhj;j tUkhdk;/ epfuyhgk; kw;Wk; tut[ bryt[ tpfpj Kiwna vf;lUf;F
jp.j';fbry;tgha;/ k.b$anrfh; kw;Wk; f.,iwtd; 58765/ 38562 +gha; kw;Wk; 2.91 Mf ,Ue;jJ. Mdhy; eilKiw rhFgoapy;
nkw;bfhz;l bghUshjhuf; fhuzpfs; Kiwna vf;lUf;F 46644/ 24277
ntshz;ik mwptpay; epiyak;
ngr]rpg]ghiw - 629 161 +gha; kw;Wk; 2.11 kl;Lnk ,Ue;jJ. vdnt brk;ik bey; rhFgo
bra;tjdhy; TLjy; tUkhdkhf vf;lUf;F +gha; 14/ 285 fpilf;fg]gl;lJ.
ek; ,e;jpa ehl;od; bjd;nfhoapy; mike;Js;sJ ,aw;if vHpy; vdnt nkw;fz;l Ma;t[ Kot[fspy; ,Ue;J brk;ik bey;
bfh";Rk; Fkhp khtl;lk;. kpjkhd btg]gk;/ <ug]gjk;/ ey;y kiH mst[ rhFgoahy; Fiwe;j ,LbghUl;fs;/ mjpf tpisr]ry; fhuzpfs; kw;Wk;
kw;Wk; fhpkr]rj;J epiwe;j tofhy; trjp bfhz;l tskhd kz;. bghJthf 27.7 rjtPjk; TLjy; jhdpa tpisr]ry;/ Fiwe;j rhFgor] bryt[ kw;Wk;
,";rp rhFgo bra;a cfe;j NHy;. czt[ gjhh]j;j';fSf;F eWkzKk; mjpf tUkhdk; fpilj;jjhy; ePh]ts epytsj;jpl;l tptrhapfs; bjhlh]e;J
Rita[k; nrh]g]gJld; Vuhskhd kUj;Jt Fz';fisa[k; bfhz;l brk;ik bey;rhFgo Kiwia kl;Lnk nkw;bfhs;Stjhf
,";rpahdJ ,k;khtl;lj;jpy; Rkhh] 200 vf;lh] gug]gstpy; ,sk; bjd;id cWjpaspj;jdh]. nkYk; mth]fs; brk;ik bey; rhFgo Kiw j';fSf;F
kw; W k; ,ug; g hpy; CLgapuhfnth my; y J e"; i r epy'; f spy; xU tug]gpurhjkhf mike;J thH;f;ifj;juk; cah]e;jjhf kfpH;r]rpa[ld;
jdpg]gapuhfnth gaphplg]gLfpwJ. bjhptpj;jdh].
,g] g Fjp tptrhapfs; bjhlh] r ] r pahf cs; ~ h] ,uf'; f is ml;ltiz 1: jpUe;jpa bey; rhFgoapy; jhdpa tpisr]ry; -
gaphpLtijna thof;ifahf bfhz;oUe;jdh]. ,e;j ,uf';fs; Fiwthd ePh]gad;ghL kw;Wk; bghUshjhu Ma;t[ (211 tay;btsp Ma;tpd; ruhrhp)
kfNiyna tH';fpaJld; neha; kw;Wk; g{r]rp jhf;FjYf;Fk; bgUkst[ t. jpUe;jpa eilKiw
tptuk; bey; rhFgo
MshfpaJ. ,jd; re;ij tpiya[k; kpf Fiwthfnt ,Ue;jJ. ,";rp vz;
rhFgo Kiw
tptrhak; yhgk; mjpfkpd;wp eyptile;j ,e;j NH;epiyapy; ntshz;ik
1. xU rJu kPl;lUf;F bew;fjph]fspd; vz;zpf;if 597 491
mwptpay; epiyak; neha; kw;Wk; g{r]rp jhf;Fjiy fl;Lg]gLj;j gy;ntW
2. fjphpd; ePsk; (br.kP) 20.4 18.2
bjhHpy; El;g';fis gapw;rp kw;Wk; bray;tpsf;fkhf tH';fpaJld; xU
3. xU fjphpy; bey; kzpfspd; vz;zpf;if 216 176
cah] tpisr]ry; ,ufj;jpida[k; mwpKfg]gLj;j Kd;te;jjd; tpist[jhd;
4. jhdpa tpisr]ry; (vf;lUf;F fpnyhtpy;) 5877 4663
tujh ,";rp ,ufk;.
5. jhdpa tpisr]ry; cah;t[ (rjtPjk;) 27.7 -
tujh ,";rpapd; rpwg]gpay;g[fs; 6. bkhj;j ePh]njit (kp.kP.) 1195 1481
nfhHpf; n fhl; o Ys; s ,e; j pa eWkzg; gaph] f s; Muha; r ] r p 7. ePh] nrkpg]g[ (rjtPjk;) 24.0 -
fHfj;jpypUe;J btspaplg]gl;l ,e;j tujh ,";rp ,ufk; ruhrhpahf 8. ePh] gad;ghl;Lj;jpwd; (fp.fp/vf;lh]/kp.kP.) 4.87 3.05
vf;lUf;F 22.6ld;fs; tiu kfNy; juty;yJ. ey;y jpul;rpahd ePz;l 9. rhFgor] bryt[ (vf;lUf;F +ghapy;) 20203 22367
fqf;fis bfhz;ljhft[k; fzg]gLfpwJ. ey;y thrida[k; Fiwe;j 10. 58765 46644
bkhj;j tUkhdk; (vf;lUf;F +ghapy;)
ehh]r]rj;Jk; bfhz;Ls;sjhy; ,";rp kw;Wk; Rf;fpw;F cfe;jjhFk;. ,jpy; 1.8 11. epfuyhgk; (vf;lUf;F +ghapy;) 38562 24277
rjk; tiu thrid vz;bza; fhzg]gLfpwJ. ,jd; taJ 200 ehl;fshFk.;
12. TLjy; tUkhdk; (vf;lUf;F +ghapy;) 14285 -
nkYk; ,";rp bkd; mGfy; nehia Xust[ jh';fp tsUk; gz;g[ilaJ.
13. tut[ bryt[ tpfpjk; 2.91 2.11
,j;jifa rpwg]g[ bfhz;l tujh ,";rp ,ufj;jpid tay;btsp Ma;thf

kyh] - 2 54 ,jH;; - 9 kyh] - 2 3 ,jH;; - 9

cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010 cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010

khdhthhpf;F Vw;w Fjpiuthyp rhFgo bryt[ tpguk; / xU Vf;fh; 20 brd;l; gug]g[

t.
vz; epyk; jahhpj;jy; +ghapy;
Kidth; m. eph]kyFkhhp/
Kidth] mU. Kj;ijah kw;Wk; uh. fh";rdhuhzp
1. cHt[ bra;a kw;Wk; FHpfs; vLf;f bryt[ 7/600
rpWjhdpaj; Jiw
jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg] gy;fiyf] fHfk;/ 2. thiHfd;Wfs; tpiy 6/300
nfhak;g[j;J}h] - 641 003.
bjhiyngrp vz; : 0422-2450507 3. vU tpiy 4/000
4. elt[ bra;jy; bryt[ 3/000
twl;rpahd tptrha epy';fs;/ bts;sg] bgUf;F epiwe;j tsk;
Fiwe;j epy';fs; kw;Wk; gy;ntW jl;gbtg]g epiyfspy; epiwthd jhdpa 5. ,urhad cuk; bryt[ 11/200
cw;gj;jpaspf;ff;Toa Kf;fpakhd FWjhdpak; FjpiuthypahFk;. ,J 6. cuk; itf;f Ml;Typ 4/000
jhdpag; gapuhft[k;/ jPtdg; gapuhft[k; gadspf;ff; ToaJ. jkpH;ehl;oy; 7. gf;f fd;Wfs; mWj;J thiHj;njhg]gpid guhkhpg;g[ 2/000
,uhkehjg[uk;/ tpUJefh]/ J}j;Jf;Fo/ jpUbey;ntyp/ kJiu kw;Wk; nryk;
8. g{r]rp kUe;J kw;Wk; Ml;Typ cl;gl 4/200
khtl;l';fspy; 10/000 vf;lh] epyg]gug]gpy; gaphplg]gLfpwJ. ,jpy; kw;w
jhdpa';fSf;F ,izahd Cl;lr] rj;Jf;fSld; mjpfg]goahd ,Uk;g[r] 9. fisbaLj;jy; 2/000
rj;Jk; (12.5 kp.fp./ 100 fp.) epuk;gpa[s;sJ. 10. ePh]ghrdk; (20 Kiwfs;) 4/000
gUtk; kw;Wk; ,uf';fs;
11. juj;ij nkk;gLj;j bghl;lhrpak; iel;nul; +
khdhthhpg] gapuhf Mo ($^iy -Mf!;l;) kw;Wk; g[ul;lhrp ehndh$pk; kUe;J bryt[ 1/700
(brg]lk;gh] - mf;nlhgh]) gl;l';fspy; mjpf tpisr]ry; juf;Toa nfh 1/ nf 2
kw;Wk; tp.vy; 29 nghd;w ,uf';fis rhFgo bra;ayhk;. 12. thiH ku';fSf;F Kl;Lbfhk;g[ brytpdk; 10/000

,ufj;jpd; rpwg;gpay;g[fs; bkhj;j bryt[ 60/000

nfh 1 : ,e;j ,ufk; 110 ehl;fs; taJ cilaJ. ,J mjpf J}h]fisa[k;/
kfNy;
bts;isepw kzpfisa[k; bfhz;lJ. ,J rhahj;jd;ik bfhz;lJ. xU
vf;lUf;F 1500-2000 fpnyh jhdpa kfNy; juty;yJ. 1200 jhh]fspd; vil 19610 fpnyh/ fpnyh @ +.8 1/56/880
tPjk; bkhj;j tUkhdk;
nf2 : twl;rpiaj; jh';fp tsUk;/ rhahj jd;ik bfhz;lJ. xU vf;lUf;F
2000- 2500 fpnyh jhdpa kfNy; juty;yJ. epfu yhgk; 96/880

tp.vy; 29 : rha;j;jd;ik bfhz;lJ. xU vf;lUf;F 2500 fpnyh jhdpa kfNy; xt;bthU cHtUk; ,ijbay;yhk; vz;zp bray;gl;lhy; ekJ
juty;yJ. xd;wpaj;jpy; $p9 uf jpR thiH rhFgo bra;J/ ey;y tUkhdk; bgw;W
epyk; jahh; bra;jy; tskhd thH;t[ thHyhk;.
epyj;ij \d;W Kiw ed;whf g[Gjp cHt[ bra;J fisfs;

kyh] - 2 4 ,jH;; - 9 kyh] - 2 53 ,jH;; - 9

cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010 cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010

200 fpuhk; ntg]gk; g[z;zhf;F tPjk; ,l;L 20 ehl;fSf;F FHpfs; Mw ,y;yhjthW jahh] bra;a ntz;Lk;. epyj;jpy; Ke;ija rhFgog] gaph]fspd;
tplg]gl;lJ. gpd;dh] ,t;thW jahh] bra;j FHpfspy; FHp xd;Wf;F 100 fpuhk; frLfis ePf;fp Rj;jkhf itj;Jf; bfhs;s ntz;Lk;. epyj;ij rkd; bra;J
tPjk; oVgp ,l;L/ ghypj;jPd; igfspy; bgwg]gl;l $p9 jpRthiHf;fd;Wfs; 3 kP. X 3 kP. mst[s;s ghj;jpfs; mikf;f ntz;Lk;.
elt[ bra;J ePh]ghrdk; bra;J guhkhpf;fg]gl;lJ. khjk; xU fis tPjk; tpijast[
Kjy; \d;W khj';fSf;F kz;btl;o \yk; fis vLf;fg]gl;lJ. thpir tpijg]g[ : vf;lUf;F 10 fpnyh
gf; f thl; o y; tUk; jpR thiHf; f d; W fis mWj; b jLj; J / mjd; J}t[tjw;F : vf;lUf;F 12.5 Kjy; 15 fpnyh
ikag]gFjpapy; kz;bzz;bza; tpl;L gf;f fd;Wfs; fpsk;ghky;/ jha;kuk; ,ilbtsp
guhkhpf;fg]gl;lJ.
thpirf;F thpir : 22.5 br.kP
cu eph]thfk; brof;Fr] bro : 10 br. kP
thiHf;fd;Wfs; elt[ bra;j Kjy; khjj;jpy; 1200 fd;WfSf;Fk; brofspd; vz;zpf;if : vf;lUf;F 4 yl;rk; brofs;
48 fpnyh oVgp/ a{hpah 42 fpnyh/ 72 fpnyh bghl;lh#; cuKk;/ ,uz;liu khj
tajpy; 48 fpnyh oVgp/ a{hpah 90 fpnyh/ 114 fpnyh bghl;lh#; cuKk;/ tpijfis neuoahfj; J}tp tpijf;fyhk; my;yJ 3 kP. X 3 kP.
ehd;fhtJ khj tajpy; 48 fpnyh oVgp/ a{hpah 108 fpnyh/ 132 fpnyh mst[s;s ghj;jpfspy; thpirf;F thpir 25 br.kP. ,ilbtsptpl;L
bghl;lh#; cuKk;/ Ie;jiu khj tajpy; 48 fpnyh oVgp/ a{hpah 108 fpnyh/ nfhLnghl;L mjd; nky; tpijfis thpirahf tpijf;fyhk;. gpd;dh]
132 fpnyh bghl;lh#; cuKk;/ VHhtJ khj tajpy; 48 fpnyh oVgp/ a{hpah 78
tpijfis kz;zpdhy; \l ntz;Lk;.
fpnyh/ 120 fpnyh bghl; l h#; cuKk; ,l; L ePh; g hrdk; bra; J
guhkhpf;fg]gl;lJ. tpij neh]j;jp

gaph]ghJfhg]g[ kw;Wk; juk; neha; jhf;Fjiy jLg]gjw;fhft[k;/ tpijfspd; Kisg]g[j; jpwid

mjpfhpf;ft[k; tpij neh]j;jp bra;jy; mtrpakhfyhk;. oiunfhblh]kh
njhl;lf;fiyj;Jiw mYtyh]fspd; ghpe;Jiugo oy;l; kUe;J 1
tphpo fpnyht[f;F 4 fpuhk; my;yJ Nnlhnkhdh!; g]nshurd;!; fpnyhtpw;F
kp.yp /ypl;lh] tPjKk; kw;Wk; kndhFnuhl;nlhgh!; kUe;J 2 kpyp / 2 ypl;lh]
10 fpuhk; nghd;w ,aw;if rhh]e;j caphpay; g{";rhzf; bfhy;ypfisf;
tPjKk; fye;J MW Kiwfs; gaph]ghJfhg]g[ bra;njd;. jukhd fha;fis
bfhz;L my;yJ nfg]lhd; fpnyht[f;F 4 fpuhk; my;yJ jpuk; fpnyht[f;F 4
bgWtjw;F filrp rPg]g[ btspte;j xU thuj;jpy; fha;e;j epiyapypUe;j
fpuhk; my;yJ fhh]bgd;lrpak; xU fpnyhtpw;F 2 fpuhk; nghd;w ntjpay;
g{tpd; kpr]r';fis ePf;fp/ bgtp!;od; 1 fpuhk; / 1 ypl;lh] tPjKk;/
kUe;JfSld; fye;J tpijf;f ntz;Lk;. ,jdhy; tpij \yKk;/
kndhFnuhl;nghyh!; 2 kpyp / 1 ypl;lh] tPjKk; fye;J gaph]ghJfhg]g[
kz;zpd; \yKk; gut[k; neha;fisj; jLf;f Koa[k;.
bra;njd;. gpd;dh] jhhpYs;s fha;fs; Kw;Wk; tiuapy; ,Uthuj;jpw;F xU
Kiw xU rj mlh]tpy; ePhpy; fiua[k; bghl;lhrpak; iel;nul; cu';fs; Ez;qaph] cu tpijneh]j;jp
thiHj;jhh]fs; ed;F eida[khW bjspg]g[ bra;J thiHj;jhh]fs;
Fsph]e;j mhprpf; f";rpj; jz;zPhpy; fye;J gh!;ngh ghf;Ohpah
guhkhpf; f g; g l; l J. nkYk; njhl; l f; f iyj; J iw mYtyh; f spd;
kw;Wk; mrh!;ighpy;yk; nghd;w caph] cu';fis xU fpnyhtpw;F 20 fpuhk;
ghpe;Jiug]go gH';fSf;fhd ehndh$pk; jput lhdpf;if 2 kp.yp. / 1 ypl;lh]
tPjk; tpijfSld; fye;J tpijg;gjhy; gaph]fspd; Kisg]g[j; jpwd;
tPjk; fye;J thuk; xU Kiw thiHj;jhh]fspy; bjspg]g[ bra;J jukhd
mjpfhpf;Fk; kw;Wk; cuj;njit Fiwa[k;. Fwpg]ghf Ez;qaph] cu';fis
thiHj;jhh]fs; fpilg]gjw;F tHptif bra;njd;.

kyh] - 2 52 ,jH;; - 9 kyh] - 2 5 ,jH;; - 9

cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010
my;yJ Ez;qaph] kUe;Jfis ntjpay; kUe;JfSld; nruh tz;zk;
ftdpj;Jf; bfhs;sntz;Lk;. ntjpay; kUe;JfSld; tpij neh]j;jp
bra;jgpd; caphpay; kUe;Jfisf; bfhz;L tpijneh]j;jp bra;a ntz;Lk;.
cukpLjy;
xU vf;lh] epyj;jpy; moa[ukhf 5-10 ld; kf;fpa bjhG cuj;ij
filrp cHtpd; nghJ gug]gp gpwF epyj;ij cH ntz;Lk;. gpd;dh] 20 fpnyh
jiHr]rj;J kw;Wk; 20 fpnyh kzpr]rj;ij moa[ukhf tpijg]gpd;nghJ ,l
ntz;Lk;. nkYukhf kPjpa[s;s 20 fpnyh jiHr]rj;ij tpijj;j 20 my;yJ
25 ehl;fs; fHpj;J fpilf;Fk; <uj;ijg] gad;gLj;jp ,l ntz;Lk;.
fis eph]thfk;
tpijj;j 18k; ehs; xU fisa[k;/ 45k; ehs; kw;bwhU fisa[k;
vLf;f ntz;Lk;.
gaph] fisj;jy;
Kjy; fis vLj;jt[ld; ,uz;L my;yJ \d;W ehl;fspy;
gaph]fisf; fisj;J njitahd gaph] vz;zpf;iffisg] guhkhpf;f
ntz;Lk;.
gaph]g]ghJfhg]g[
fhpg]g{l;il nehapypUe;J ghJfhf;f tpijg]gjw;F Kd; Vw;fdnt
Twg]gl;l tpij neh]j;jp Kf;fpakhFk;. jz;L <apypUe;J ghJfhf;f
Kd;gUt tpijg]g[ Kiw mtrpakhFk;.
mWtil
ed;F fha;e;J Kw;wpa gpwF fjph]fis mWtil bra;J fsj;jpy;
fha itj;J mjd; gpd; jhdpa';fisg] gphpj;jy; ntz;Lk;. gpd; fhw;wpy;
J}w;wp jhdpa';fspy; cs;s J}rpfis ePf;fp Rj;jk; bra;a ntz;Lk;.
kfNy;
xU vf;lUf;F 1000 Kjy; 2500 fpnyh tiu jhdpa kfNYk;/ 4000
Kjy; 5000 fpnyh tiu jPtd kfNYk; juty;yJ.
kyh] - 2 6 ,jH;; - 9
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010
mdf;fht{h] xd;wpaj;jpy; tskhd thH;t[f;F thiH
rhFgo - btw;wpf;fij
jpU.o.nyhfehjd;
njj;Jiw
mdf;fht{h] xd;wpak;
jpUtz;zhkiy khtl;lk;
vdJ Cuhd njj;Jiw fpuhkj;jpy; fle;j 2008-09k; Mz;L
brg]lk;gh] khjj;jpy; mdf;fht{h; xd;wpa njhl;lf;fiyj;Jiw \yk; $p9 jpR
thiHf;fd;Wfs; xU';fpize;j njhl;lf;fiy mgptpUj;jp jpl;lj;jpd; fPH;
50 rj khdpa tpiyapy; bgw;W elt[ bra;njd;. mjpy; xU Vf;fh] ,UgJ
brd;l; gug]gstpy; 19.610 bk.ld; thiHj;jhh] kfNy; \yk; +. 1/56/880/-
bkhj;j tUkhdkhft[k;/ +.96/880/- epfu tUkhdkhft[k; fpilj;Js;sJ.
vdJ ,e;j Kaw;rp kw;Wk; Mh]tj;jpid ghuhl;o mdf;fht{h] xd;wpa Mj;kh
jpl;lk; \yk; 2008-09y; rpwe;j tptrhapf;fhd ghpRj;bjhif +.4/000/- I
bgw;nwd;. mjd; rhFgo tpgu';fis xd;wpaj;jpd; kw;w cHth]fSld;
gfph]e;Jbfhs;tjpy; bgUkfpH;r]rpailfpnwd;.
$p9 uf jpR thiHf;fd;Wfs;
mdf;ft{h] xd;wpaj;ijr] rhh]e;j njhl;lf;fiyj;Jiw mYtyh]fs;
njj;Jiw fpuhkj;jpy; vd;id re;jpj;J thiH rhFgof;F vdJ epyk;
kpft[k; cfe;jjhf cs;sJ vd bjhptpj;J/ mjpYk; Fwpg]ghf $p9 uf jpR
thiH rhFgo \yk; mjpf tUkhdk; bgWtjw;F tha;g]g[fs; cs;sJ vd
bjhptpj;jij bjhlh]e;J/ vdf;F $p9 uf jpR thiH rhFgoapy; Mh]tk;
Vw;gl;lJ. ,jd; fhuzkhf njhl;lf;fiyj;Jiwapduhy; m';fPfhpf;fg]gl;l
eh]rhpapypUe;J 50 rj khdpa tpiyapy; jpR thiHf;fd;Wfs; 1200 vz;fs;
bgw;W vdJ epyj;jpy; elt[ bra;njd;.
elt[ kw;Wk; guhkhpg]g[
elt[f;F njh]t[ bra;j epyj;ij ehd;F Kiw cHt[ bra;J
rkg;gLj;jpa gpd;g[ 2kPX 2kP ,ilbtspapy; FHp xt;bthd;Wk; 2'X2' MHk;
kw;Wk; mfyk; tUkhW vLj;J mjpy; FHp xd;Wf;F xU Til Ml;L vU/
kyh] - 2 51 ,jH;; - 9
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010
,LbghUl;fs; nrkpg]g[
brk;ik bey; rhFgoapy; ey;y thspg]ghd ehw;Wfis eLtjhy;
tpij/ ePh/;; ehw;w';fhy; gug]gst[ kw;Wk; Typ Ml;fs; nghd;wtw;wpy; nrkpg]g[
Vw;gl;lJ. brk;ik bey; ehw;w';fhy; jahhpg]gpy; tpij mst[ 7.5fpnyh/
vf;lh] gad;gLj;jg]gl;lJ. bkhj;j ePh] njitapy; 300-400 kp.yp. kPl;lh]
jz;zPh] kpr]rkhfpwJ. mjdhy; kpd;rhur] bryt[ FiwfpwJ. brk;ik bey;
rhFgo Kiwiag] gpd;gw;Wtjd; \yk; fisbaLg]gjw;F 10 bgz;
Typahl;fs; tiu nrkpf;fg]gl;lJ.
jiHr]rj;J ,iytz;z ml;ilia gad;gLj;jp tH';fg]gl;ljhy;
vf;lUf;F 30 fpnyh tiu nrkpf;fg]gl;lJ. brk;ik bey; rhFgoapy;
J}h]fl;Lk; fhyk; mjpfehl;fshf ,Ug]gjhy; mjpf vz;zpf;if bfhz;l
fjph;fs; cs;s J}h]fs; fpilj;;jJ. thspg]ghd ePz;l fjph]fs; kw;Wk; fjphpy;
mjpfk; kzpfs; fpilj;jJ. mjpf ,ilbtsp tpl;L xw;iw ehw;W eLtjhy;
gapupd; ,sk;gUtj;jpy; ey;y fhw;nwhl;lk; fpilj;jJ. ehw;Wf;fs; vt;tpjg]
nghl;oa[k; ,d;wp ed;F Jhpjkhf tsh]e;J mjpf J}h] fl;oaJ.
mjpf nth] tsh]r]rp kw;Wk; mjpf J}h]fs;
fisf;fUtp bfhz;L fisfis epyj;jpnyna klf;fptpLtjhy;;
gapUf;F njitahd Cl;lr]rj;Jfs; fpilj;jJ. gh!;nghngf;Ohpah/
mnrh!;igupy;yk; nghd;w caph] cu';fis epyj;jpy; ,l;ljhy;; gapUf;F
fpilf;Fk; gy;ntW rj;Jf;fs; mjpfhpj;jJ. elt[f;F14 ehs; taJila
,sk; ehw;Wf;fis elt[ bra;jjhy; mjpf nth]tsh]r]rp fhzg]gl;lJ. elt[
taypy; J}u]gpof;Fk; fhyk; mjpfkhf ,Ue;jjhy;/ mjpf J}u]fs; kw;Wk;
nth;fs; cz;lhapd. mjpf nth;fs; cz;lhdjhy;/ mjp;f
Cl;lr]rj;Jf;fis vLj;Jf; bfhz;L gapu]fs; ed;whf tsh]e;jd. fjph]
Kw;Wk; gUtk; tiu mjpf ,iyg]gug]g[ila ,iyfs; ,Ug]gjhy;
gjupy;yhj ed;F Kw;wpa kzpfs; fpilj;jd.
bey; kfNy;
brk;ik bey; rhFgo Kiwfis filg]gpog]gjd; \yk; 35 rjtPjk;
mjpf jhdpa kfNy; fpilj; j J. vdnt/ brk; i k bey; rhFgo
bjhHpy;El;gk; rpf;fdkhd kw;Wk; mjpf kfNy; juf;ToaJ vd tptrhapfs;
Twpdhh]fs;.
kyh] - 2 50 ,jH;; - 9
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010
k";rs; rhFgoapy; Ez;q}l;l';fspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
bry;tp. J. ,uh. b$fjhk;ghs; kw;Wk; ,y.$Pt n$hjp
ntshz;ik mwptpay; epiyak;
re;jpa{h] - 636 203
nryk;
bjhiyngrp vz;; : 0427 - 2422550
re;jpa{h] nryk; ntshz;ik mwptpay; epiyaj;jpd; \ykhf
k";rs; rhFgo bra;a[k; nryk; kw;Wk; ehkf;fy; khtl;l tptrhapfSf;F
bjhHpy; El;g Mnyhridfs; tH';fg]gl;L tUfpd;wd. mth]fSila
tay;fspy; tay;btsp ghpnrhjidj;jply;fs; kw;Wk; Kjy; epiy bray;
tpsf;fj]jply;fs; mikf;fg]gl;L Ez;q}l;l';fspd; gad;ghLfs; Fwpj;J
tpsf;fk; bfhLf;fg]gl;lJ. nkYk; ,k;khtl;lj;jpy; gy;ntW tl;lhu k";rs;
rhFgo bra;a[k; tptrhapfs;/ neuoahf epiyaj;jpw;F te;J/ j';fs; gaphpd;
gpur]ridfSf;F/ Kf;fpakhf Ez;q}l;lf; FiwghLfs; Fwpj;jhd
Mnyhridfs; bgw;Wr; bry]fpd;wdh;. mjpy; gad; mile;jth]fspd;
mDgt';fis nfs;tp gjpyhf fPnH mspj;Js;nshk;.
nfs;tp : k";rs; rhFgoapy;/ ,iyfs; k";rs; moj;jhw; nghyt[k;/
btSj;Jk; fhzg]gLfpwnj? mJ vd;d gpur]rid';f?
gjpy; : mJ/ Ez;q}l;lr] rj;Jf;fspd; gw;whf;Fiwapdhy; Vw;gLk;
mwpFwpfs; jh';f.
nfs;tp : Kjy;y/ Ez;q}l;lr] rj;Jd;dh vd;dhd;D brhy;Y';f?
gjpy; : gaph]fspd; tsh]r]rpf;F ng+l;l';fisj; jtpu Jj;jehfk;/
jhkpuk;/ ,Uk;g[/ kh';fdPR/ nghuhd;/ khypg;odk; nghd;w Cl;lr]
rj;Jf;fs; gaph]fSf;F kpff; Fiwe;j mstpy; njitg]gl;lhYk;/
gaph] tsh]r]rp kw;Wk; kfNypy; Kf;fpag] g';F tfpg]gjhy; ,it
Ez;q}l;l';fs; vd;W miHf;fg]gLfpd;wd.
nfs;tp : rhp';f/ ,tw;iw ,lwjdhy vd;d gpunah$dk;?
gjpy; : vd;d ,g]go nfl;Ll;O';f? bghJthf gaph]fspy; eilbgWk;
gy;ntW tpidfs; kw;Wk; bray;ghLfSf;F Ez;q}l;l';fs;
njitg]gLfpd;wd. gaphpd; tPhpa tsh]r]rpf;Fk;/ gr]ira[k; ed;F
cUthfp/ xspr] nrh]f;if epfH;tjw;F mtrpakhfpd;wd. gaph]
kfNiyg] bghUj;jtiu kfue;jk; cUthtjw;Fk;/ rh]f;fiu
kw;Wk; kht[g] bghUl;fs; ghpkhw;wj;jpw;Fk; tpz;zpYs;s jiHr]
rj;jpid kz;zpy; epiy epWj;Jtjw;Fk; Ez;q}l;l';fs; kpf
mtrpak;.
kyh] - 2 7 ,jH;; - 9
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010
nfs;tp : ,g] g o xl; L bkhj; j kh brhy; w ij bfh"; r k; tpsf; f khf
jdpj;jdpahf/ brhy;Y';fnsd;.
gjpy; : k ; k ; / M f l ; L ' ; f / k " ; r s p y ; K f ; f p a k h f n j i t g ; g l w
rj;Jf;fspdhy; Vw;gLk; mwpFwpfis TWfpnwd;/ nfS';f.
rhk;gy; rj;J
ng+l;lkhd/ ,r]rj;J Fiwghl;odhy;/ ,iyapd; Xuk; kw;Wk;
Edpg]gFjpfs; k"rs; epwkhf khwp/ ,Wjpapy; fha;e;JtpLk;. nkYk;
fpH';Ffs; btSj;Jg;ngha;/ juk; Fiwe;J tpLk;.
mLj; J / bkf; d Prpa rj; J gw; w hf; F iwapdhy; / ,iyapd;
nky;ghfj;jpd; eLg]gFjp kl]Lk; gr]ir epwkhft[k;/ ,iyapd; kw;wg] gFjpfs;
k";rs; epwkhft[k; fhzg]gLk;. g[jpjhfj; njhd;Wk; ,iyfs; k";rs;
epwkhft[k; gr]irak; ,He;J btSj;J fhfpjk; nghyf; fhzg]gl;lhy; mJ/
,Uk;g[r] rj;J gw;whf Fiwapid bjhptpf;fpwJ.
Jj;jehfr] rj;J gw;whf;Fiw/ mnefkhf ,Uk;g[r] rj;J gw;whf]
Fiwa[ld; nrh]e;nj fhzg]gLk;. brofspy; ,iy euk;g[fSf;F ,ilna cs;s
gFjpfs; btSj;JtpLk;. ,iyfspd; Xu';fspypUe;J gGg]g[ epwg] g[s;spfs;
njhd;wp mGf Muk;gpf;Fk;. brofspd; tsh]r]rp Fiwa[k;.
nghuhd; rj;J gw;whf;Fiwahy; Edp ,iyfs; rpWj;J/ k";rs; fye;j
gr]irepwkhf fhzg]gLk;. Kjph]e;j ,iyfs; joj;J fhzg]gLk;. k";rs;
fpH';fpw;F/ jahhpf;fg]gl;l czt[ brd;wilahky;/ k";rs; fpH';F tpuyp
jpushky;/ vil Fiwe;J fhzg]gLk;.
nfs;tp : rhp/ mwpFwpfis ed;F bjspthf brhy;ypl;O';f. Mdh/ mit ve;jf;
fhuz';fshy; njhd;Wfpd;wd vd;gija[k; brhy;yptpL';fs;.
gjpy; : buhk; g rhpah nfl; L l; O '; f . brhy; n wd; . Kjy; y kz; z py;
Rz;zhk;g[r]rj;J mjpfkhf ,Ug]gpd;/ Ez;q}l;l';fspd; FiwghL
Vw;gl tha;g]g[fs; mjpfk;.
Fsph]fhy';fspy;/ Fiwe;j Nhpa xsp kw;Wk; Fiwe;j btg]gk;
fhuzkhf kzpr] rj;J mjpf mstpy; gaph]fspdhy; fpufpf;f KoahJ. vdnt
kzpr; rj;J FiwghL Vw;gLk;. mJ ,Uk;g[/ bkf;dPrpak; kw;Wk; Jj;jehfr]
rj;Jf;fspd; gw;whf;Fiwia Vw;gLj;Jk;.
kz;zpy; m';ffg] bghUl;fspd; mst[ Fiwthf ,Ug]gpd;/
Ez;qaph]fspd; vz;zpf;if FiwtnjhL/ Cl;lr] rj;Jf;fis gaph]
vLj;Jf; bfhs;Sk; epiya[k; khWgLfpd;wJ.
bghJthf kz;zpd; ,af;fepiy 7.5-f;F nky; mjpfhpf;Fk; nghJ/
Ez;q}l;l';fspd; fpilf;if Fiwe;J bfhz;L tUk;.
kyh] - 2 8 ,jH;; - 9
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010
ehw;w';fhy; jahhpg]g[ kw;Wk; elt[Kiw
ehw;w';fhy; jiukl;lj;jpypUe;J 5 br.kP cau nkl;Lg]ghj;jpahf
mikf;fg]gl;ljd; \yk; Kjy; 5 ehl;fs; tiu jz;zPh] nj';fhky; ghu]j;Jf;
bfhs;sg]gl;lJ. vf;lUf;F 1 kP mfyk; bfhz;l ePz;lghj;jpfs;/
bkhj;jkhf 100kP. ePskhf njh]t[ bra;ag]gl;lJ. nkl;Lg]ghj;jpfspd; nky;
300 fh$; fdKs;s bts;is my;yJ fWg]g[ epw ghypjPd; tpupg]g[fs;
ePsthl;oy; tpupf;fg]gl;lJ. ,g]ghypj;jpd; tphpg]g[fs; nky; tpijg]g[r]
rl;lj;ij1x1kP. my;yJ 1X0.50 kP. msit 0.25 r.kP bfhz;l rpW rpW
gphpt[fshf gphpf;fg]gl;lJ. 100 r.kP. gug]g[s;s gha; ehw;w';fhYf;F 1.9 fpnyh
oVgp cuk; rPuhf J}tg]gl;lJ.
tpijg] g jw; F Kd; g [ 1 fpnyh tpijf; F 10 fpuhk; tPjk;
Nnlhnkhdh!; g[Snuhrd;!; vd;w caph] g{rzf; bfhy;yp bfhz;L
tpijneh]j;jp bra;ag]gl;lJ. ,t;tpija[ld; 200 fpuhk; mnrh!;igupy;yk;/
200 fpuhk; gh!;nghngf;Ohpah Mfpatw;iw tpija[ld; fye;J tpijneh;j;jp
bra;ag]gl;lJ. gpwF Kisfl;oa tpij (xt;bthU 5 r.kP. nkilf;Fk; 375
fpuhk; tpij)gutyhf tpijf;fg]gl;lJ. nkl;Lg] ghj;jpa[k;/ tpijg]gLifa[k;
ed;F eida[k; tifapy; ghrdk; bra;ag]gl;lJ. Kjy; 6 ehl;fs; g{thsp
bfhz;L ed;whf ghj;jpfspy; eida[k;go ePh] bjspf;fg]gl;lJ. ,it
filg]gpof;Fk; nghJ ePh] nj';fhky; ghu]j;Jf;bfhs;sg]gl;lJ. tpijj;j 6
ehs; Kjy; 14 ehl;fs; tiu rpf;fdkhf ePh] njf;fp itf;fg]gl;lJ.
brk;ik bey; rhFgoapy; 14 ehl;fs; taJila/ thspg]ghd 2-3
,iyfisf; bfhz; l ehw; W f; f s; Fj; J f; F xU ehw; w hf elt[
bra;ag]gl;lJ. mjpf ,ilbtspapy; rJu elt[ Kiwapy; (22.5X22.5 br.kP)
elt[ bra;ag]gl;lJ. nfhndhtPlh] \yk; fis vLf;fg]gl;lJ. ,k;Kiwapy;
g";R fl;Lk; gUtk; tiu 2.5 br.kP. cauk; ePiuj;njf;fp gp;d; kz;zpd;
nkw;gug]gpy; nyrhd btog]g[fs; njhd;wpa gpd; kWgoa[k; 2.5 br.kP. mst[f;F
ePh] fl;o guhkhpf;fg]gl;lJ. gpd;dh] fjph] Kw;Wk;tiu 2.5 br.kP ePh] fl;o
ghrdg] guhkhpg]g[ nkw;bfhs;sg]gl;lJ. ,j;jUzj;jpy; ePh] gw;whf;Fiw
,y;yhky; guhkhpf;fg]gl;lJ. mWtilf;F Kd;g[ 10-15 ehl;fs; ePh] ghrdk;
bra;ahky; guhkhpf;fg]gl;lJ.
ehw;W el;l 15 ehspy; ,Ue;J gr]ir epw ,iy tz;z ml;il \yk;
jiHr]rj;jpd; njitia mwpe;J nkYuk; kl;Lk; mspf;fg]gl;lJ. elt[ el;l
15 ehspy; Kjy; Kiwahft[k;/ mijj; bjhlh]e;J xUthu ,ilbtspapy; 3
Kjy; 4 Kiw nfhndhtPlh] \yk; ,il cHt[ bra;J fisfis mKf;fp
nrw;iw ed;F fyf;fptplg]gl;lJ.
kyh] - 2 49 ,jH;; - 9
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010 cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010

fd;dpahFkhp khtl;l brk;ik bey; rhFgo
tptrhapfspd;; fUj;Jf;fs;
Kidth; u.re;jpunrfud;/ Kidth; n$.n$d; R$hjh kw;Wk;
Kidth; f.,iwtd;
ntshz;ik mwptpay; epiyak;
ngr]rpg]ghiw
fd;dpahFkhp khtl;lk;
fd;dpahFkhp khtl;lj;jpy; 18 yl;rk; vf;lh] gug]gstpy; bey; ,uz;L
nghfKk; gaph] bra;ag]gLfpwJ. fd;dpg]g{(nk-$Pd;) khj';fspYk; Fk;gg]
g{(mf;-etk;) khj';fspYk; gapu] bra;ag]gLfpwJ. ngr]rpg]ghiwapy;
mike;Js;s ntshz;ik mwptpay; epiyak; fle;j 3 Mz;Lfshf
brk;ik bey; rhFgo Kjy; epiy bray; tpsf;fj; jply;fs; \yk;;
tptrhapfSf;F bra;J fhl;lg]gl;lJ. rhjhuz elt[ Kiwapy; Fiwe;j
kfNy; fpilg]gJld; ,L bghUl;fs; bryt[k; mjpfk;;. nkYk;/ ntiy
Ml;fs; fpilg]gJk; mhpjhf cs;sJ. Mfnt/ Fiwe;j brytpy; Fiwe;j
ntiyahl;fs; bfhz;L mjpf kfNy; juf;Toa Rw;Wr] NHiyg] ghjpf;fhj
,aw;ifnahL ,ize;j brk;ik bey;rhFgo Kiw filg]gpof;fg]gl;lJ.
bray; tpsf;f jply;fs; jhHf;Fo/ brz;gfuhkd;g[J}h]/ Jtu';fhL
Mfpa ,l';fspy; bra;ag]gl;ld. brk;ik bey; rhFgo bra;j gpd;tUk; 5
tptrhapfspd; fUj;Jf;fs; fPnH bfhLf;fg]gl;Ls;sJ. mth]fsJ bgah]fs;
gpd;tUkhW
1) jpUkjp.br. gpugh
2) jpUkjp. R. j';fk;
3) jpUkjp. k. j';fk;khs;
4) jpU .k. xsitahh]gps;is
5) jpU. nf.gukrptk;.
kyh] - 2 48 ,jH;; - 9
nfs;tp : ey;yh g[hp";RJ';f. ,g]g/ k";rSf;F vd;bdd;d rj;J vg]bgg]g
bfhLf;fqk;D brhy;Y';f.
gjpy; : moa[ukhf Vf;fUf;F kf;fpa bjhG cuk; 4 ld; (filrp cHtpw;F
Kd;)/ ntg]gk; g[z;zhf;F 80 fpnyh/ a{hpah 22 fpnyh/ Ng]gh]
gh!;ngl; 150 fpnyh/ bghl;lh#; 12 fpnyh/ Jj;jehf ry;ngl; 6
fpnyh/ ,Uk;g[ ry;ngl; 12 fpnyh Mfpatw;iw ghh]fspd;
gf;fthl;oy; elt[f;F Kd; ,l ntz;Lk;.
k";rs; el;l 30/60/90/120 kw;Wk; 150 Mk; ehl;fspy;/ nkYukhf Xh]
Vf;fUf;F xt;bthU Kiwa[k; 22 fpnyh a{hpah kw;Wk; 12 fpnyh
bghl;lh#; ,l ntz;Lk;. nkYk; xU Vf;fUf;F/
mnrh!;ighpy;yk; 5 fpnyh kw;Wk; gh!;ngh ngf;Ohpah 5 fpnyh
,tw;iw 20 fpnyh kf;fpa bjhG cuj;Jld; fye;J k";rs; el;l
xU khjj;jpw;F gpd;g[ ,l ntz;Lk;.
nfs; t p: rhp'; f . eP'; f brhd; d go cuj; i j ,LtJ ey; y Jd; D
bjhp";rpfpl;nld;/ k";rSf;F ,iyj; bjspg]g[ VnjDk; ,Ue;jh
mija[k; brhy;ypL';f.
gjpy; : epr]rakhf cz;L/ k";risg] bghWj;jtiu Ez;q}l;lr]
rj; J f; f s; Kf; f pakhdjhFk; . ,it nghJkhd mst[
fpilf;fhtpl;lhy;/ ,iyfs; gRik khwp k";rs; epwkhf
btSf;f Muk;gpj;J/ tpuyp Fiwe;J tpl VJthfptpLk;. ,jw;fhf
Ez;q}l;lf; fiury; fpH';Ffs; gpof;Fk; jUzj;jpy; ghpe;Jiu
bra;ag]gLfpwJ. Ng]gh] gh!;ngl; 6 fpnyhit 10 ypl;lh] jz;zPhpy;
fiuj;J Xh] ehs; ,ut[ KGtJk; Cw itf;f ntz;Lk;. kWehs;
fhiy bjspe;j ePiu vLj;J/ mjpy; ,Uk;g[ ry;ngl; 150 fpuhk;/
Jj;jehf ry;ngl; 150 fpuhk;/ a{hpah 150 fpuhk;/ 150 fpuhk;
bkf;dPrpak; ry;ngl; kw;Wk; nghuhf;!; 100 fpuhk; vDk; cg]g[fisr]
nrh]j;J 100 ypl;lh] jz;zPh] nrh]j;J btapy; jhH fhiy my;yJ
khiy ntisapy; ,iy ed;F eida[khW ,uz;L \d;W Kiw
10-15 ehl;fs; ,ilbtspapy; bjspf;f ntz;Lk;. ,tw;Wld;
100 kp. yp. Og]ghy; my;yJ fhjpnrhg;g[f; fiuriy fye;J
bjspf;Fk; nghJ/ Ez;q}l;lf; fiurypd; cgnahfj;jpwid
mjpfhpf;fr] bra;ayhk;.
,g]gor] bra;tjhy;/ Ez;q}l;lf; FiwghL eP';fp k";rs; gaph] ed;F
brHpj;J tsUk.; k";rs] tpuypapd; vil mjpfhpg]gnjhL/ k";rs; fpH';Ffspd;
k";rs; epwj;jpw;fhd ntjpg]bghUshf Fh]f;Fkpd; mst[k; mjpfhpj;J/ epiwa
,yhgk; bgwyhk;.
k";rSf;F ez;q}l;lk; - tptrhapfSf;F bghd;D}l;lk;
kyh] - 2 9 ,jH;; - 9
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010 cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010

bey;ypf;fdpapypUe;J kjpg]g{l;lg]gl;l  jhf;Fjy; bjd;gl;lt[ld; guthky; ,Uf;f jhf;fg]gl;l brofis

gpL';fp mHpf;f ntz;Lk;.
czt[bghUl;fs; jahhpj;jy;
 brk;gUj;jp/ btz;il/ rPjhg]gHk; kw;Wk; bfha;ah Mfpait gUj;jp
jpUkjp. nr. n$Rg;gphpah g{h;zfyh kw;Wk; taYf;fUfpy; ,Ug]gij jtph]f;f ntz;Lk;.
Kidth; m. rutzd;  fphpl;nlhnyk!; bghwp tz;od; g[Gf;fs; kht[g]g{r]rpapd; midj;J
ntshz;ik mwptpay; epiyak;
tsh]r]rp epiyfisa[k; cz;fpd;wd. ,e;j ,iu tpG';fpia
jpUth+h; - 641 404 mjpfkhf bgUf;f ntz;Lk;. ,jw;F gaW tifg] gaph]fis gUj;jp
bjhiyngrp vz; : 04367-260666 taypd; Xu';fs; kw;Wk; tha;f;fhy; Xu';fspy; gaphpl ntz;Lk;.
 kht[g]g{r]rpfnshL vWk;g[fisa[k; nrh]j]J fl;Lg]gLj;j ntz;Lk;.
bey;ypf;fdpapy; kw;w vy;yh czt[ tiffisa[k; tpl itl;lkpd; vWk;g[ g[w;Wfis Fnshh]ighpgh!; @ 2.5 kp.yp. / yp. vd;w mstpy;
'rp' mjpfkhf cs;sJ. Mu";Rg] gHj;jpy; ,Ug]gij tpl ,UgJ kl';F ed;F eida[k; go bjspf;f ntz;Lk;. my;yJ khyj;jpahd; gt[lh]
mjpfkhf itl;lkpd; 'rp' fhzg]gLfpwJ. itl;lkpd; 'rp' clypy; neha; 5% 25 fpnyh / vf]lh] vd;w mstpy; bjspf;fyhk;.
vjph] g ] g [ r ] rf; j pia cUthf; F fpwJ. <Wfspy; Vw; g Lk; neha; f is
 mdhifu!; fkyp vd;w xl;Lz;zpa[k; kht[ g{r]rpfis ed;F
Fzkhf;FfpwJ. gw;fs; kw;Wk; ef';fis cWjpg;gLj;JfpwJ. !;fh]tp vd;w
fl;Lg;gLj;j gad;gLfpwJ.
itl; l kpd; 'rp' FiwghL nehia Fzkhf; F fpwJ. nkYk; Md; o
Mf; ! pld; l hft[ k ; bray; g LfpwJ. jpdKk; / xU tajpw; F l; g l; l g{"; i r bfhy; y pfshd bth] o tpypak; ypa[ n fdp my; y J
gpnthpah ngs;rpahdh @10fp/yp vd;w mstpy; bjspg]gjd; \yk; ,jd;
FHe;ijfSf;F itl;lkpd; 'rp' 25 kp. fp./ xU tajpw;F nkw;gl;l FHe;ijfs;
bgUf;fj;ij fl;Lg]gLj;jyhk;.
kw;Wk; taJ te;njhUf;F 40 kp.fp./ ghY}l;Lk; jha;khh]fSf;F 80 kp.fp.
njitg]gLfpwJ. ,e;j mst[f;F njitg]gLk; itl;lkpd; 'rp' ia ntg]g vz;bza; 2 rjtPjk; ,jDld; xl;Lk; jputk; my;yJ fhjp nrhg]g[
KGikahf jUk; xnu gHk; bey;ypf;fdp kl;Lnk MFk;. fye;J bjspf;f ntz;Lk;. Ie;J ehl;fs; ,ilbtspapy; kPz;Lk; bjspf;f
ntz;Lk;.
100 fpuhk; bey; y pf; f dpapy; ml'; f pa[ s ; s rj; J f; f shtd/
itl;lkpd; 'rp' 600 kp.fp./ fhy;rpak; - 50 kp.fp./ ,Uk;g[ - 1.2 kp.fp./ gh!;gu!; - 20 jhf;Fjy; mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fk; bghGJ fPH;f;fz;l ,urhad
kp.fp. ,Uk;g[r]rj;J clypy; cwp";rg]gLtjw;F/ itl;lkpd; 'rp' cjt[fpwJ. g{r]rpf;bfhy;ypfspy; VnjDk; xd;iw 15 ehl;fSf;F xU Kiw 200 yp.
Q%nkhFnshgpd; kw;Wk; ,uj;jr] rptg]gqf;fis mjpfhpf;fpwJ. ,uj;j jz; z Phpy; fye; J ifj; b jspg] g hd; \yk; fhiy my; y J khiy
nrhif kw;Wk; Rthr nfhshWfis Fzkhf;FfpwJ. bey;ypf;fdp/ ntisfspy; ed;whf brofs; kw;Wk; jz;ilr] Rw;wp cs;s kz; kPJk;
Fiwe;j mst[ rh]f;fiua[k; mjpf ehh]r]rj;Jk; epiwe;jJ. vdnt gLk;go bjspf;f ntz;Lk;.
kyr]rpf;fiy Fzkhf;FfpwJ. nkYk; Fnuhkpak;/ Jj;jehfk; kw;Wk; fhg]gh] 1. fhh]ghpy; 50 WP - 2.5 fpnyh / vf;lh]
nghd;w jhJ cg]g[fs; cs;sd. mjpy; Fnuhkpak; cs;sjhy; rh]f;fiu neha; 2. ijnahofhh]g] 75 WP - 750 fp / vf;lh]
kUj;Jtj;jpy; gad;gLj;jg]gLfpwJ. fhy;rpak; mjpf mstpYk; ,Uk;g[
3. g[nuhgndhgh!; 50 EC - 1.25 yp. / vf;lh]
kw;Wk; gh!;gu!; Xust[k; cs;sJ. ,jpy; nrhoak; Fiwthft[k;
4. Fapdhy;gh!; 25 EC -2 yp. / vf;lh]
bghl;lhrpak; mjpfkhft[k; cs;sJ. ,jdhy; ,uj;j mGj;j neha;
5. Fnshh]ighpgh!; 25 EC - 2.5yp / vf;lh]
cs;sth]fSf;F cjt[fpwJ.
6. gpa{g[nuhgP!pd; 400 kp.yp. / Vf;fh]
bey;ypf;fdpapy; cs;s nldpd;/ Md;o Mf;!pld;lhf bray;
7. kPd; vz;bza; nrhg; 25 fp. / yp. vd;w mstpy; 15-20 ehl;fSf;F
gLfpwJ. ,e; j nldpd; f nshL/ itl; l kpd; 'rp' ,ize; j pUg; g jhy; xUKiw jhf;Fjypd; msitg] bghWj;J bjspf;f ntz;Lk;.

kyh] - 2 10 ,jH;; - 9 kyh] - 2 47 ,jH;; - 9

cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010
kht[g]g{r]rp - gUj;jp cw;gj;jpapy; xU g[jpa jilf;fy;
Kidth; gp. jhuhn$hjp kw;Wk;
Kidth; nf. vd;. nfhghy fpU#;zd;
kj;jpa gUj;jp Muha;r]rp epWtdk;
gpuhe;jpa epiyak;
nfhak;g[j;J}h; - 641 002.
kht[g] g{r]rpfs;/ @gpndhfhf;f!; n!hydhg]!p!; kw;Wk; nkf;nfh
bdypfhf;f!; Qph]Nl;l!; g{r]rpfspy; xd;whf ,Ue;j epiy khwp jw;nghJ
mjpf bghUshjhu nrjj;ij cz;lhf;Fk; g{r]rpfspy; kpf Kf;fpakhdjhf
rpy Mz;lhf khwp tUfpd;wJ. gUj;jp gapuhFk; khepy';fshd g";rhg]/
uh$!;jhd;/ kQuh#;l;uh/ Me;jpu gpunjrk;/ F$uhj; kw;Wk; jkpH;ehL Mfpa
,l';fspy; fle;j 2-3 gUt';fspy; ,jd; jhf;Fjy; kpf nkhrkhfapUe;jJ.
nkYk; jkpH;ehl;oy;/ nryk;/ nfhak;g[j;J}h;/ bguk;gY}h]/ <nuhL/ uhkehjg[uk;
kw;Wk; tpUJefh] khtl;l';fspy; ,e;j kht[g]g{r]rp jhf;Fjy; gutp
fhzg]gl;lJ.
kht[g]g{r]rpfs; bts;is epwj;jpy; rpwpajhft[k;/ bkd;ikahdjhft[k;/
3 kp.kP ePsKk;/ 1.5 kp.kP mfyKk; cilajhf ,Uf;Fk;. ,it gUj;jp
broapd; ,iyfs;/ fpisfs;/ jz;Lg]gFjpfs;/ g{bkhl;Lfs; kw;Wk;
,sk;fha;fs; Mfpatw;wpy; fhzg]gLk;. ,it brofspy; ,Ue;J bgUkst[
rhw;iw cwp";Rfpd;wd. ,jdhy; broapd; tsh]r]rp FiwfpwJ. mjpf mst[
jhf;Fjy; ,Uf;Fk;bghGJ brofs; fha;e;J ,wf;fpd;wd. broapd;
Edpg]gFjp g[jh]nghy; khWfpwJ. ,e;j kht[g]g{r]rpfs; ,dpg;g[ Rita[s;s
fHpt[g]bghUis btspnaw;Wfpd;wd. ,jdhy; ,jd; kPJ fUk;g{rzk; glu
VJthfpwJ. mjdhy; xspr]nrh]f;if jilgLfpwJ.
kht[g]g{r]rp jhf;fg]gl;l broapy; vWk;g[fSk; fhzg]gLfpd;wJ. Vbddpy;
,it njd; nghd;w jputj;ij cw;gj;jp bra;tjhy;/ vWk;g[fs; ftug]gl;L
,g]g{r]rpfs; gut[tjw;Fk; gad;gLtnjhL xl;Lz;zpfs; kw;Wk; ,iu
tpG';fpfsplkpUe;Jk; kht[g]g{r]rpfis ghJfhf;f cjt[fpd;wJ.
nkyhz;ik Kiwfs;
kht[g]g{r]rpapd; kPJ bts;is epw bkGFg]bghUs; fhzg]gLtjhy;
,urhad g{r]rpf; bfhy;ypfs; \yk; KGf;fl;Lg]ghL bra;tJ fodk;. ,jid
xU';fpize;j gaph] ghJfhg]g[ \ykhfnt fl;Lg]gLj;jyhk;.
 tay; tug]g[fspYs;s ghh]j;jPdpak; kw;Wk; mol;oyhd; nghd;w

fisfs; kw;Wk; gpw fisfspd; cjph]e;j Fg]igfis ePf;Ftjd;
\yk; kht[g]g{r]rpfspd; khw;W czt[ trjp jil bra;ag]gLfpd;wJ.
kyh] - 2 46 ,jH;; - 9
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010
gjg]gLj;Jk; KiwfSf;F cl;gLj;Jk;nghJ itl;lkpd; 'rp' ,Hg]g[
Fiwthf cs;sJ. ,jpy; cs;s gpnstdha;Lfs;/ bfhGg]g[/ rh]f;fiu
Mfpatw;iw Fiwf;Fk; jd;ik bfhz;lJ. ,jpy; rpl;hpf; mkpyk; mjpf
mstpy; cs;sJ. fpUkp ehrpdpahf bray;gl;L bjhw;W tpahjpfis
Fzkhf;f gad;gLfpwJ. nkYk; g[ujk;/ 'gp' fhk;gpsf;!;/ itl;lkpd;fs;/
gPl;lh fnuhod;/ fhypf; kw;wk; nldpf; mkpy';fs; cs;sd. g[sp kw;Wk;
vYkpr]iria cztpy; nrh;j;Jf; bfhs;tJ nghy bey;ypf;fdpfisa[k;
rikaypy; gad;gLj;jyhk;. cyh]e;j bghoahfnth my;yJ bey;ypf;fdp
rhwhfnth cz;zyhk;.
bey;ypf;fdpia gr]irahf mg]gona rhg]gpLtJjhd; ey;yJ.
Mdhy; Jth]g]g[/ g[spg]g[ Ritia bfhz;Ls;sjhy; bgUk;ghyhndhh]
cz;qtjpy;iy. Mfnt mtw;wpypUe;J Ritahd kjpg]g{l;lg]gl;l czt[
bghUl;fshd rl;dp/ CWfha;/ nfz;o/ jahh]epiy ghdk;/ JUty;/ rh!;/
!; F th#; nghd; w itfis jahhpj; J cz; z yhk; . ,jdhy; ehk;
bey;ypf;fdpapd; Cl;lr]rj;jpd; gyidg] bgWtnjhL kl;Lky;yhky;
kjpg]g{l;lg]gl;l bey;ypf;fdp czt[ bghUl;fs; jahhpj;J tUkhdj;ij
bgUf;f Koa[k;. bgU bey;ypf;fdpfisf; bfhz;L fPH;fz;l kjpg;g{l;lg;gl;l
czt[bghUl;fs; jahhpj;J ePz;l ehl;fSf;F nrkpf;fyhk;.
bey;ypf;fdp nfz;o :
Kjph]e;j bey;ypf;fdpfis rpW Jisfspl;L 2 rjtpfpj cg;g[
fiurypy; 24 kzp neuk; Cw itf;f ntz;Lk;. gpwF fdpfis vLj;J
Rj;jkhd Fsph]e;j jz;zPhpy; fGtp gpd;dh] 2 rjtpfpj Myk; fiurypy; 24
kzp neuk; Cw itf;f ntz;Lk;. gpd;dh] fdpfis Rj;jkhd jz;zPhpy;
fGtp 5 epkplk; Mtpapy; ntfitj;J 50º gphpf;!; rh]f;fiu fiurypy; 24 kzp
neuk; Cwitf;f ntz;Lk;. kWehs; 60º gphpf;!; rh]f;fiu fiurypy; 24 kzp
neuk; Cw itf;f ntz;Lk;. gpwF 70º gphpf;!; rh]f;fiu fiur]rypy; 72 kzp
neu';fs; Cwitf;fntz;Lk;. ghF fiurypy; ,Ue;J tofl;o fdpfis
vLj;Jtpl;L 15 rjtpfpjk; <ug]gjk; tUk; tiu cyuitf;f ntz;Lk;. gpwF
rh;f;fiug] bghoapy; g[ul;o vLj;J ghypj;jpd; igfspy; epug]gt[k;.
$hk; :
bey;ypf;fdp TH; 50 rjtpfpjj;Jld; 67 rjtpfpjk; rh]f;fiu nrh]f;f
ntz;Lk;. 1.2 rjtpfpjk; rpl;hpf; mkpyk; nrh]j;J rh]f;fiu fiury; 68º gphpf;!;
tUk; tiu mLg]gpy; itj;J fpswp/ Rj;jkhd ghl;oy;fspy; epug]gntz;Lk;.
kyh] - 2 11 ,jH;; - 9
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010 cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010

rh!; : gaph;fSf;F fe;jfr;rj;J mspf;f ntz;oa mst[

bey;ypf;fdp TH; 50 rjtpfpjk;/ jf;fhspg]gH TH; 50 rjtpfpjk;
rh]f;fiu 75 fpuhk;/ cg]g[ 10 fpuhk;/ bt';fhak; 60 fpuhk;/ g{z;L 6 fpuhk;/ ,";rp t.vz;. fe;jfr]rj;J (fpnyhfpuhk;/
gaph]fs;
vf;nlh])
12 fpuhk;/ tukpsfha; 5 fpuhk;/ fpuhk;g[ 3 vz;zpf;if/ thridg]gl;il 3
(1m';Fyk; ePsk; cs;sJ)/ Vyf;fha; 3 vz;zpf;if/ kpsF 1 njf;fuz;o/ 1. jhdpag]gaph]fs; 24 - 40
rPufk; 1 njf;fuz;o/ mrpl;of; mkpyk; 1 kp.yp/fpnyh rh!; kw;Wk; nrhoak; gaW tiffs; - gUg]g[/
bgd;brhntl; 0.3 fpuhk; /fpnyh rh!;. jf;fhsp TH;/ bey;ypf;fdp TH;/ 2. 20 - 40
ghrpg]gaW/ cSe;J
rh]f;fiu nrh]j;J ntf tplt[k;. bt';fhak;/ gl;il/ fpuhk;g[/ g{z;L/ Vyf;fha;/
kpsF/ rPufk; Mfpatw;iw mk;kpapy; itj;J ,oj;J kpsfha;J}s; nrh]j;J/ vz;bza; tpj;Jg] gaph]fs; -
3. 10 - 105
ky; Jzpahy; fl;o jf;fhspr]rhwpy; tplt[k;. \d;wpy; xU g';fhfr; rhW epyf;fliy/ Nhpa fhe;jp/ fLF
tw;Wk; tiu ntftpl;L ky; Jzp fl;ois mfw;wt[k;. tpdpfh] kw;Wk; 4. fpH';Fg]gaph]fs;
nrhoak; ngd;nrhnal; nrh;j;J fyf;ft[k;. gpd;g[/ ghl;oy; epug]gp/ rPy; bra;J 30
cUisf;fpH';F/ ts;spf; 25 - 60
epkpl';fs; bfhjp ePhpy; itf;f ntz;Lk;. gpwF miw btg]g epiyapy; Mw
fpH';F
itf;f ntz;Lk;. 9 khjk; tiuapy; bflhky; ,Uf;Fk;.
bey;ypf;fdp !;Fth#; : 5. njapiy 40 - 50
6. gRe;jPtd nrhsk; 40 - 60
bey;ypf;fdp-2 fpnyh/ rh]f;fiu -2 fpnyh/ Vyf;fha; bgho 1
njf;fuz;o/ nrhoak; bgd;brhntl; 4 njf;fuz;o. bey;ypf;fdpfis Kf;fpakhd fe;jfr;rj;J cu';fs;
bfhl;il ePf;fp/ krpj;J/ rh]f;fiu nrh]j;J/ \Lk; mstpw;F jz;zPh] nrh]j;J
ntf itf;f ntz;Lk;. gjk; te;j gpwF mLg]gpypUe;J ,wf;fp nrhoak; t.vz;. cu';fs; fe;jfr] rj;jpd; mst[
(rjtPjj;jpy;)
bgd;brhntl; nrh]f;f ntz;Lk;.
1. mk;nkhdpak; ry;ngl; 24
Kugh :
rpwpajhf JUtpa bey;ypf;fdp 1 fg]/ jz;zPh] 2 nkirf;fuz;o/ 2. mk;nkhdpak; gh!;ngl; ry;ngl; 15
rh]f]fiu 1 ¼ fg]/ Vyf;fha; 1 nkirf;fuz;o/ gl;il 2 Jz;L. rh]f;fiu/
jz;zPh]/ JUtpa bey;ypf;fdp Mfpatw;iw ghj;jpuj;jpy; ,l;L ntf 3. $pg;rk; 13 - 18
itf;ft[k;. gpwF kw;w bghUl;fis nrh]f;ft[k;. gjk; tUk; tiu ntf 4. jdpk fe;jfk; 85 - 100
itf;ft[k;. gpwF gl;ilia ePf;fptplt[k;. Fsph]rhjd bgl;oapy; xU khjk;
tiu nrkpf;fyhk;. 5. Ng]gh] gh!;ngl; 12
cyh] bey;ypf; fha; JUty; : 6. bghl;lhrpak; ry;ngl; 18
bey;ypf;fha;fis ed;whf fGtp <uk; nghf cyu itf;ft[k;. gpd;g[ 7. Jj;jehf ry;ngl; 15
JUtp/ bfhl;ilfis ePf;f ntz;Lk;. bey;ypf;fha; JWty; 1 fpnyh/
8. ,Uk;g[ ignul; 18 - 22
vYkpr]irr]rhW 40 kpy;yp/ ,";rpr]rhW 40 kpy;yp/ kpsF 20 fpuhk;/ cg]g[ 30
fpuhk;/ rPufg]bgho 4 fpuhk;. bey;ypf;fha; JUtYld; kw;w bghUl;fisa[k; 9. bjhG cuk; 0.25
ed;whf fyf;ft[k;. fyitia jl;Lfspy; ,nyrhfg] gug]gp btapypy;
my;yJ kpd; cyh]j;jpapy; itj;J ed;whf fha itf;ft[k;. ,J MW 10. kz;g[G cuk; 0.37
khj';fSf;F nky; bflhky; ,Uf;Fk;. 11. nfhHp vU 0.50

kyh] - 2 12 ,jH;; - 9 kyh] - 2 45 ,jH;; - 9

cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010 cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010

nrhsk; fhy;eil tsh]g]g[ - kz; tsk; ngqjypd; Mzpnth]

,sk; ,iyfs; Fl;ilahft[k; br';Fj;jhft[k; ,Uf;Fk;. Kjypy; ,sk;
,iyfs; k";rshf btSj;Jf; fhzg]gLk;. FiwghL mjpfk; cs;s
gaph]fspy; Kjph]e;j ,iyfSk; gr]ir epwj;ij ,He;J btSf;fj; Jt';Fk;.
fUk;g[
f. rutzd;/ J. b$ae;jp kw;Wk; $hh;$; nguil!;
gz;oj $tQh]yhy; neU ntshz;ikf; fy;Y}hp kw;Wk; Muha;r]rp epiyak;
fhiuf;fhy; - 609 603

,sk; ,iyfspy; k";rs; epwk; njhd;Wk;. gpd;dh] ,sk; kw;Wk; Kjph]e;j ntshz;ik mwptpay; epiyak;
,iyfspy; brk;gGg]g[ epwj;jpy; jpl;Ljpl;lhf njhd;Wk;. jz;Lg]gFjp kpft[k; jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg] gy;fiyf; fHfk;
rpf;fy;
rpWj;Jf; fhzg]gLk.; ehfg]gl;odk; - 611 108
Nhpafhe;jp
,iyfSk; g{j; j z; L k; k"; r s; epwkhfj; njhd; W k; . gaph] f s; ntshz;ik xU bjhHpy; kl;Lky;y/ ,J midthpd; thH;tpw;Fk;
Fl;ilahft[k; FWfpa fq ,ilbtspa[k; fhzg]gLk;. mog]gilahd/ ,yhg el;l';fisf; fle;j xU kfj;Jtkhd gzpahFk;.
njapiy vdntjhd;/
RHd;Wk; Vh]g]gpd;dJ cyfk; mjdhy;
,iyfs; k";rs; epwkhft[k; kpft[k; rpWj;Jk; fhzg]gLk;. fq
cHe;Jk; cHnt jiy
,ilbtsp kpft[ k ; rpWj; J k; bkhj; j j; j py; gaphpd; tsh] r ] r p Fd; w p
Fl;ilahff; fhzg]gLk;. FiwghL mjpfk; ,Uf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy; ,iyfs; vd vf;fhyj;jpw;Fk; Vw;w thH;tpaiy bjhFj;jspj;j ts;Sth]
RUz;L fhzg]gLk;. ,iyfspy; XuKk;/ Edpg]gFjpa[k; gGg]g[ epwkhf bkhHpe;Js;shh]. ,j;jifa ntshz;ikf;F moj;jskhft[k; ey;y gaph]
khwptpLk;. tpisr]rYf;F \yhjhukhft[k; jpfH;tJ Xhplj;jpd; kz; tskhFk;.
fe;jfr; rj;J mspg]gjhy; mjpfhpf;Fk; kfNy; mst[ vJ tskhd kz;>
kfNy; mjpfhpg]g[ (fpnyhfpuhk; / vf;nlh])
t.vz;. gaph]fs; bghJthf 'kz;tsk;' vd;w brhy;iy Xhplj;jpYs;s kz;zpd;
tpfpjk; ruhrhp
tpisjpwidg] gw;wpf; Fwpg]gplg] gad;gLj;Jfpnwhk;. nkYk; xU Fwpg]gpl;l
1. nfhJik 150 - 2120 813
epyg;gFjpapy; gutpa[s;s kz;tiffisa[k; mtw;wpd; Fzhjpra';
2. bey; 560 - 1720 752 fisa[k; tpthpg]gjw;Fk; 'kz;tsk;' vd;w brhy;iyg] gad;gLj;Jfpnwhk;.

3. kf;fhr]nrhsk; 340 - 1500 740 xU kz;zpYs;s jiH/ kzp kw;Wk; rhk;gy; rj;J nghd;w gaph]
Cl; l '; f spd; brhpt[ kl; L k; mjd; tsj; j pid (tpisjpwid)
4. cSe;J 130 - 200 153
jPh]khdpf;fhJ. kz;zpYs;s Cl;lr]rj;Jf;fs; nghjpa mst[ gapUf;F
5. fLF 83 - 839 335 fpilf;f kz;zpd; bgsjPf (,aw;gpay;) gz;g[fshd btg]gepiy/
6. nrhahgPd;!; 200 - 700 360 fhw;nwhl;lk;/ ePh] flj;Jk; kw;Wk; nrkpf;Fk; jpwd;/ kz;Jfs;fspd;
Tl;likg]g[/ tofhy; trjp Kjypad cfe;j epiyapy; ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;.
7. Nhpafhe;jp 70 - 410 250 ,t;thW cfe;j epiyapy; bgsjPf (,aw;gpay;) gz;g[fs; nkk;gl kz;zpy;
8. vs; 50 - 280 145 nghjpa mstpw;F m';ff fhpkg] bghUl;fSk; (kf;F my;yJ vU) mtw;iw
rhh]e;Js;s Ez;qaphpfspd; bray;ghLk; ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;. mg]nghJjhd;
9. fUk;g[ 11/000 - 33/000 21/300
kz;zpd; m';ff kw;Wk; md';ff \yg]bghUl;fspYs;s ntjpg]bghUl;fs;

kyh] - 2 44 ,jH;; - 9 kyh] - 2 13 ,jH;; - 9

cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010 cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010

rhjfkhd ntjp tpidfshYk; caph] ntjptpidfshYk; (Ez;qaphpfs; gaph;fs; jiH/ kzp/ rhk;gy;rj;J kw;Wk; fe;jfr;rj;ij vLj;Jf;
\yk;) gap+l;l';fshf khw;wg]gLfpd;wd. bfhs;Sk; mst[
,J kl;Lkpd;wp kz;zpd; fhu mkpy epiy/ madp ghpkhw;wj; jpwd; kfNy;
t. jiHr] kzpr] rhk;gy; fe;jfr]
kw;Wk; Cl;lr]rj;Jf;fis njf;fp itf;Fk; jpwd; Kjypa ntjpg]gz;g[fs; gaph]fs; (fpnyhfpuhk; / rj;J rj;J
vz;. rj;J rj;J
vf;nlh])
rhpahd mstpy; ,Ue; j hy; j hd; Vw; b fdnt kz; z pYs; s kw; W k;
1. cSe;J 900 70 6 50 5
,LbghUs; f s; \yk; kz; i zr; nrh] e ; j Cl; l r] r j; J f; f s; cfe; j
epiyapYk; nghjpa mstpYk; gaph]tsh]r]rpf;F bjhlh]e;J fpilj;J tUk;. 2. nrhahgPd;!; 2500 125 43 100 22
nghjpa m';fff; fhpkr] rj;J/ fhw;nwhl;lk; kw;Wk; Ez;qaphpfspd; 3. Nhpafhe;jp 2300 115 26 140 17
vz; z pf; i f Kjypad kz; z py; epyt[ k ; nghJjhd; m'; f f 1200 62 24 64
4. vs; 14
fhpkg]bghUl;fs; vspjpy; rpijt[w;W nkw;fz;l rhjfkhd ,aw;gpay; kw;Wk;
5. fLF 2000 130 18 90 32
ntjpg]gz;g[fs; kz;zpy; njhd;Wk;.
6. nfhJik 3700 85 20 130 16
,jpypUe;J kz;zpd; ,aw;gpay; (bgsjPf)/ ntjpapay; kw;Wk;
7. fUk;g[ 1/20/000 180 30 270 26
caphpay; gz;g[fs; aht[k; xd;Wld; xd;W beU';fpa bjhlh]g[ilad
vd;gJk;/ 'kz;' tsKs;sjha; epiyf;f ,it \d;Wk; xU';nf rpwg]gila gaph]fspy; fe;jfr;rj;jpd; Fiwghl;L mwpFwpfs;
ntz;Lk; vd;gJk; bjspthfpwJ. ,j;jifa NH;epiy Vw;gl kz;zpy; gaph]fspy; fe;jfr]rj;J FiwghL jiHr]rj;J FiwghL nghd;W
nghjpa mst[ m';ff fhpkg]bghUl;fspd; ,Ug]g[ Kjd;ikahd njit fhzg]gLk;. ,iyfs; btsphpa gr]ir epwj;jpy; my;yJ k";rshf
vd;gija[k; mwpfpnwhk;. fhzg]gLk;. bgUk;ghyhd gaph]fspy; fe;jfr]rj;J FiwghL ,sk;
,iyfspy; Kjypy; njhd;Wk;. jiHr]rj;J cuk; ,l;lgpwFk; ,sk;
kz;tsk; fhf;f khw;ww;w tHpKiwfs; ,iyfs; btSj;Jf; fhzg]gLk;.
thiH
ek; ehl;od; bgUk;gFjpapYs;s jl;gbtg]g epiy/ kz; tiffs;
,sk; ,iyfs; btSj;Jf; fhzg]gLk;. ,iy euk;g[fSf;fpilapy;
kw;Wk; rhFgo Kiwfis fUj;jpy; bfhs;Sk;nghJ ehk; kz; ts fhg]gpy;
k";rshd nfhL nghd;W njhd;Wk;. thiHapd; tsh]r]rp Fd;wptpLk;. ,sk;
gpd;gw;wg]gl ntz;oa mog]gilahd bray;fs; ,uz;lhFk;. mit/ (1) kz; ,iyfspy; Xuj;jpy; btSj;Jf; fhzg]gLk;.
mhpkhdj; jLg]g[ kw;Wk; (2) m';ff cukpLjYkhFk;.
gUj;jp
1. kz; mhpkhdj; jLg]g[ ,sk; ,iyfs; btSj;Jf; fhzg]gLk;. ,iyf;fhk;g[fs; brk;gGg]g[
Mapuf;fzf;fhd Mz;Lfs; \yk; rpwpJ rpwpjhf ghiwfspd; epwkhf khwptpLk;.
rpijt[fspypUe;J cUthd kz; kpft[k; nghw;wp ghJfhf;fg]gl ntz;oa epyf;fliy
bghUnsahFk;. ,J ePiug]nghd;W vspjhf ,aw;if RHw;rpfs; \yk;
fe;jfr]rj;J FiwghL cs;s ,sk;gaph]fs; kw;w gaph]fistpl tsh]r]rp
xt;bthU Mz;Lk; g[Jg]gpf;fg]gLtjpy;iy. ekJ ehl;oy; xt;bthU Fd;wp fhzg]gLk;. ,sk; ,iyfs; btSj;J V totk; nghd;W ,iyfspy;
Mz; L k; Vwj; j hH 10 Kjy; 20 ld; tiuapy; xt; b thU vf; n lh] njhd;Wk;.
epyj;jpypUe;Jk; ePh] kw;Wk; fhw;W \yk; kz; ,Hg]g[ Vw;gLfpwJ. xt;bthU
nrhahgPd;!;
gj;jhz;L fhyj;jpYk; xU Vf;fhpypUe;J kl;Lk; 50 ld;fSf;Fk; nkyhd
kz; Cl;lr]rj;Jf;fSld; nrh]e;J kz; mhpg]ghy; tPzhfp tpLtjhy; Kjypy; ,sk; ,iyfs; k";rshf btSj;Jf; fhzg]gLk;. FiwghL
mjpfk; cs;s gl;rj;jpy; Kjph]e;j ,iyfSk; gr;ir epwj;jpypUe;J k";rs;
fhyg] n ghf; f py; epyj; j pd; tpisjpwd; Fiwe; J tUfpwJ. ,ij
epwkhf khwptpLk;.
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cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010 cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010

 gaph]fspy; cs;s gy;ntW behjpfspd; bray;ghl;oy; fe;jfr]rj;J bgUk;ghyhndhh] ftdj;jpy; bfhz;L bray;gLtjpy;iy. Xhplj;jpYs;s
g';fhw;WfpwJ. nkYk; gahl;od;/ ijakpd; nghd;w itl;lkpd;fspy; tskhd nky; kz;iz kiHePnuh my;yJ ntff; fhw;nwh ntW
re;jfr]rj;J xU g';fhf mike;Js;sJ. ,l';fSf;F bfhz;L bry;yhjthW fhj;jply; kpf mtrpak;.
 tpijfspy; g[ u jr] r j; J kw; W k; jueph] z ak; / g[ i fapiyapd; kz; mhpkhdj;ij jLf;f epyj;jpd; Vw;wj;jhH]tpw;nfw;g rkd;
juk;/ jPtpdg]gaph]fspd; juj;ij nkk;gLj;JtjpYk; f e ; j f r ; r j ; J bra;Jk;/ rhpt[f;Ff; FWf;nf nghjpa tug]g[fs; mikj;Jk;/ nth]g]gpog]g[kpf;f
Kf;fpa g';fhw;WfpwJ. g[y; kw;Wk; jhtu';fis M';fh';nf tsh]j;Jk; ek; ifapUg]gpy; cs;s kz;
gaph]fspy; fe;jfr;rj;J FiwghL Vw;glf; fhuz';fs; tsj;ij mhpkhdj;jpypUe;J tpHpg]g[zh]t[ld; fhj;jply; ntz;Lk;. m';ff
 ehk; bjhlh]e;J mjpf kfNy; juf;Toa gaph]fs; bjhlh]e;J cu';fis ,l;L kz;Jfs;fspd; Tl;likg]g[ kw;Wk; fl;likg]ig nkk;
gaphpLtjhy; kz; z py; cs; s fe; j fr] r j; J cwp"; r g; g l; L gLj;Jtjd; \yKk; kz; mhpkhdj;ij btFthf Fiwf;fyhk;.
fe;jfr ;rj;jpd; fplf;if kpft[k; Fiwe;Js;sjhy;.
 fe;jfr]rj;J ,y;yhj neuo cu';fis ehk; bjhlh]e;J gaph] 2. m';ff cukpLjy;
cw;gj;jpapy; gad;gLj;Jtjhy;. (i) kz;tsf;fhg]gpy; fhy;eil tsh]g]g[ - md;Wk; ,d;Wk;
 fe;jfr]rj;ij gaph]fs; mjpf mstpy; vLj;Jf; bfhs;tjhy; gz;ilf;fhyj;jpypUe;J xt;bthU gz;izapYk; gR/ vUJ/
ehk; mspf;Fk; fe;jfr]rj;J nghJkhd mstpy; kz;zpy; ,y;yhky; vUik/ MLfs; Kjypa fhy;eilfs; tptrhaj;jpw;F kpf Kf;fpa
,Ug]gjhy]. g';fhw;wpte;Js;sd. Vh] cHt[/ ePh] ,iwj;jy;/ fjpuoj;jy; (jhk;g[)/ tz;o
 fe;jfr]rj;J ,y;yhj g{r]rp kw;Wk; g{";rhd; bfhy;ypfis bjhlh]e;J ,Gj;jy; nghd;w mog]gilahd ntiyfSf;Fg] gad;gl;lnjhod;wp ghy;
gad;gLj;Jtjhy;. rhh]e;j czt[g]bghUs; (ghy;/ japh]/ bea;) cw;gj;jpf;F Mjhukhft[k;/
fhy;eilfs; tps';fpd. ,tw;wpd; rhzk; gpw gz;izf; fHpt[fSld;
rpy gaph]fspy; fe;jfr;rj;jpd; Fiwghl;L mst[ kw;Wk; epiwthd mst[
nrh]e;J bjhG cukhf khw;wg]gl;L epyj;jpw;F bjhlh]e;J ,lg]gl;L te;jJ.
fe;jfj;jpd; mst[ (rjtPjj;jpy;) tpisepy';fspy; Ml;Lf; fpilfs; itj;J RHw;rp Kiwapy; gz;iz
gaph]fs; KGtJk; kz; tsk; guhkhpf; f g] g l; l J. MLfspd; g[ G f; i ffSk;
Fiwghl;L mst[ kj;jpk mst[ nghJkhd mst[ (jplf; f Hpt[ ) rpW ePUk; kz; z pw; F rpwe; j cukhapd. ,we; j gpd;
bey;/ nfhJik/ fhy;eilfspd; njhy; kw;Wk; bfhk;g[ Kjypadt[k; tpiy bgw;W tUkhdk;
kf;fhr]nrhsk; kw;w 0.20 – 0.30 0.30 f;F nky; nrh]j;jd. xU gz;izaj;jpy; Kf;fpa cWg]gpdh]fshf fUjg]gl;l gR/ vUJ
jhdpag] gaph]fs; 0.10 – 0.20
Kjypa fhy; e ilfspd; vz; z pf; i f mjpfk; ,Uf; F k; gz; i z
epyf;fliy/ fLF/ 0.10 – 0.25 0.25 – 0.40 0.40 f;F nky; bry;thf;fhft[k;/ tsKilajhft[k; fUjg;gl;lJ. ,tw;wpd; Kf;fpaj;J
nrhahgPd;!;/ tj;ij ed;Fzh;e;nj ij khjj;jpy; 'khl;Lg]bgh';fy;' vd jdpahf tpHh
jl;ilg]gapW
vLj;J mtw;wpw;F ed;wp ghuhl;lg]gl;L te;jJ.
fj;jphp/ 0.25 – 0.35 0.35 – 0.55 0.55 f;F nky;
mtiu/ Nhpafhe;jp khwhf/ mz;ikf; fhy';fspy; etPd a[f;jpfshy; bgUk;ghd;ik
Jtiu/ gl;lhzp/ 0.15 – 0.45 0.45 – 0.75 0.75 f;F nky; ahd tptrha gzpfs; (cHt[/ ghh] mikj;jy;/ ePh] ,iwj;jy;/ mWtil/
bfhs;S fjpuog]g[) ,ae;jpukakhf;fg]gl;Ltpl;ljhy; (ouhf;lh]/ kpd; nkhl;lhh]/
cUisf;fpH';F/ 0.30 – 0.40 0.40 – 0.75 0.75 f;F nky; fjpuog]ghd; nghd;w fUtpfs;) gz;izg] gzpfspy; fhy;eilfspd; g';F
fhypgpsth] btFthff; Fiwe; J s; s J. ,e; j pa ntshz; i k mikr; r fj; j pd;

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cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010
fhy;eilj; Jiwapd; Ma;t[go 1970-71y; 60 rjtPjkhf ,Ue;j ,tw;wpd; g';F
1991-y; 23 rjtPjkhff; Fiwe;Js;sJ. ,J nkYk; Fiwe;J Rkhh] 10 rjtPj
mstpy; kl;Lnk jw;nghJ ,Ue;J tUfpwJ. tptrhaj;jpw;F ntiyahl;fs;
gw;whf;Fiwahf cs;s ,f;fhyj;jpy; ve;jpukakhf;fy; ntshz; gzpfis
Jhpjkhf Kof;f bghpJk; cjtpapUe;jhYk;/ fhy;eilfspd; vz;zpf;if
kw;Wk; mJ rhh]e;j bjhGcu cw;gj;jpia btFthff; Fiwj;J kz; tsk;
ngqjypy; xU bghpa Fiwghil Vw;gLj;jpa[s;sJ. ,jdhy; ek; ehl;oy;
ntshz;ikapy; bkhj;j cu cgnahfj;jpd; kjpg;gpy; fhy;eil rhzj;jpd;
g';F 1970-71y; 43 rjtPjkhf ,Ue;jJ 1990-y; 13 rjtPjkhft[k;/ jw;nghJ 10
rjtPjj;jpw;Fk; Fiwthft[k; cs;sJ. ,jw;F fhy;eilfspd; vz;zpf;if
kw;Wk; fHpt[fspd; (bjhG cuk;) ,Ug]g[ Fiwt[ kl;Lkpd;wp etPd
ntshz; i kapy; ,urhad cu'; f spd; cgnahfk; mjpfhpj; j Jk;
fhuzkhFk;.
,t;thW rhzf; fHpt[fs; Fiwe;jjhy; gpw gz;izf; fHpt[fis
(fHpj;j jPtdk;/ mWtilf;Fg] gpd; cs;s gaph] fHpt[fs;) rhzj;Jld;
nrh] e ; J Fg; i g FHpfspy; ,l; L kf; f itj; J kf; f pa vUthf
gad;gLj;JtJk; Fiwe;J tUfpwJ. khwhf bgUk;ghyhd gaph]fHpt[fs;
tpisepyj;jpnyna Ftpj;J vhpf;fg]gLtjhy; kz;zpw;F gadhff;Toa
m';ff ,LbghUl;fs; tPzhfpd;wd. ,jdhy; kz;zpy; fhpkg; bghUl;fspd;
mst[k; Cl;lr]rj;Jf;fspd; rkr]rPh]tpfpj guhkhpg]g[k; bjhlh]e;J Fiwe;J
te;J kz;tsk; ghjpf;fg]gl;Ls;sJ. nkYk; jw;nghJ fduf ve;jpu';fis
epyj;jpd; kPJ btt;ntW gzpfSf;F bjhlh]e;J gad;gLj;Jtjhy;
kz;zpUf;fk; nghd;w ,lh]ghLfSk; njhd;Wfpd;wd.
(ii) ,urhad cu';fSk; kz;tsKk;
a{hpah/ o V gp/ bghl;lh#; nghd;w ,urhad tif braw;if cu';fs;
kz;zpy; fiua[k; epiyapYs;s Cl;lr]rj;Jf;fspd; msit ,l;l clnd
mjpfhpf;f ty;yit. mnj rkaj;jpy; ,it Fiwe;j fhyj;jpw;nf
(mjpfgl;rk; xU thuk;) ,nj epiyapy; gaph] Cl;lj;jpw;F gad;glKoa[k;.
vspjpy; fiutjhy; toePh] \ykhft[k;/ ntjpg; gpzg]gpw]Fs;shfpa[k;/
Mtpahjy; \ykhft[k; bgUk; gFjp tpiutpy; tPzhfp gapUf;F ,;l;ljpy; 20
Kjy; 40 rjtPjk; kl;Lnk gad;gLfpd;wd. (ghrdePh] tHp cukply; nghd;w
a[f;jpfis ifahSk; Jy;ypa ntshz;ikj; jpl;l';fspy; kl;Lnk
,tw;wpd; gad;ghl;L tpfpjk; mjpfkhFk;). ,t;thW tPzhd rj;Jf;fs;
kyh] - 2 16 ,jH;; - 9
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010
gaph]fspy; mjpfhpj;J tUk; fe;jfr;rj;Jf; FiwghL
xU fz;nzhl;lk;
gh. rutz ghz;oad; kw;Wk; m.u. Kfk;kJ Qh+d;
kz; kw;Wk; Rw;wg]g[wr]NHypay; Jiw
ntshz;ikf; fy;Y}hp kw;Wk; Muha;r]rp epiyak;
kJiu - 625 104.
jiH/ kzp kw;Wk; rhk;gy; rj;jpw;f;F mLj;jgoahf fe;jfr]rj;J
gaph] cw;gj;jpapy; Kf;fpa g';F tfpf;fpwJ. rpy gaph]fspy; kzpr]rj;J
mstpw;F fe;jfr]rj;J njitg]gLfpwJ. Mifahy; jw;nghJ NPK vd;w
epiy khwp NPKS vd;W ntshz; Muha;r]rpahsh]fshy; miHf;fg]gLfpwJ.
,e;jpahtpy; 1990k; Mz;L nkw;f;bfhs;sg]gl;l Muha;r]rp Kot[fspd; go 130
khtl;l';fspy; fe;jfr]rj;J FiwghL cs;sjhf mwpag]gl;lJ. jw;nghJ
nkw; f ; b fhs; s g] g l; l Muha; r ; r p Kot[ f spd; go ,e; j pahtpy; 200
khtl;l'; fSf;F nky; fe;jfr]rj;J FiwghL cs;sjhf mwpag]gl;Ls;sJ.
vdnt rkr]rPuhd cu eph]thfj;jpy; fe;jfr]rj;J ,d;wpaikahjjhff;
fUjg]gLfpwJ. fe;jfr] rj;J FiwghL cs;s epyj;jpy; jiH/ kzp kw;Wk;
rhk;gy; rj;Jf;fis kl;Lk; mspj;jhy; gaph]fspy; fe;jfr]rj;J FiwghL
njhd;wp tsh]r]rp/ kfNy; kw;Wk; juk; ghjpf;fg]gLfpwJ. vdnt ,d;iwa
epiyapy; fe;jfr]rj;jpw;F mjpf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mspf;f ntz;oa fl;lha
fhy fl;lj;jpy; cs;nshk.;
fe;jfr] rj;jpd; gzpfs;
vy;yhg] gaph]fspd; tsh]r]rpapYk; fe;jfr]rj;J kpf Kf;fpa
g';fhw;WfpwJ. gaph]fspd; tsh]rpij khw;wj;jpy; fe;jfr]rj;jpd; gzpfs; gy
cs;sd. mtw;Ws; kpf Kf;fpakhd gzpfs; fPnH bfhLf;fg]gl;Ls;sd.
 gaph]fspy; gr]irak; cw;gj;jpapy; Kf;fpa g';fhw;WfpwJ.
 gaph] f spy; mkpndh mkpy'; f s; cw; g j; j papYk; / g[ ujk;
cUthtjpYk; Kf;fpa g';fhw;WfpwJ.
 vz;bza; tpj;Jg]gaph]fspy; vz;bza; cw;gj;jpapYk;/ mjd;
juj;ij nkk;gLj;JtjpYk; njitg]gLfpwJ.
kyh] - 2 41 ,jH;; - 9
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010 cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010

bfhz;L bry;Yk; nghJk; btFthf gut[fpwJ. epyj;jo ePh]/ Fsk;/ Fl;il kw;Wk; fhw;wpy; mjpfhpj;J Rw;Wr] NHy;
gpur]rpidfis njhw;Wtpf;fpd;wd. ,j;jifa ,urhad cu';fspy;
jLg]g[ Kiwfs;
Fwpg]gpl;l rpy rj;Jf;fs; kl;Lnk ,Ug]gjhy; (bgUk;ghYk; mjpfgl;rkhf
] L cjphe;
v kuj;jpd; fPnH ghjpf;fggl; ] j ,iyfs;/ g{f;fs; kw;Wk; jiH/ kzp kw;Wk; rhk;gy; Mfpa \d;W kl;Lnk) ,it kz;zpyplg]gLk;
gp";Rfis mgg[ ] wggLj;
] jp vhpj;J tpLjy; ey;yJ. ,jdhy; neha; nghJ kw; w rj; J f; f spd; mst[ l d; rkr] r Puhd fpilapUg] i g
]
gut[jy; jLf;fggLfpwJ. Vw;gLj;Jtjpy;iy. Mifahy; bkhj;jkhf gapUf;F njita[s;s 16
] l fpisfs;/ Edpfs; kw;Wk; ,iyfis kuj;jpypUe;J
v ghjpf;fggl; Kf;fpa rj;Jf;fspy; VnjDk; xU rpytw;wpd; tpfpjk; ehsiltpy;
] wggLj;
mgg[ ] j ntz;Lk;. btFthff; Fiwe;J kz;zpy; rj;Jg]gw;whf;Fiw Vw;gl;L gaph] tsh]r]rpa[k;
v ,e;neha; etk;gh] khjk; Kjy; khhr] ] khjk; tiu gy tpj neha;fis tpisr]rYk;/ juKk; Fiwt[Ufpd;wd.
(mjhtJ ,iygg[ ] s;sp/ g{ffUfy;
] / bkhl;L fUfy;/ gp";R fUfy; nkYk; m'; f f fhpkr; rj; J f; f is jd; d fj; n j ,it
kw;Wk; gH mGfy;) Vw;gLj;Jtjhy; mf;nlhgh; khjk; Kjy; ( neha; bfhz;ouhjjhy; kz;zpd; bgsjPf kw;Wk; caphpay; gz;g[fis nkk;gLj;j
tUk; Kd; n g vr; r hpf; i fahf) 21 ehl; f s; ,ilbtspapy; ,it gadw; w itahft[ k ; fhyg] n ghf; f py; vjph] k iw tpist[ f is
]
Nnlhnkhdh!; gnshurd; !; + ifl;od; fyitia ypl; l Uf; F 5 Vw;gLj;jpa[k; bray;gLfpd;wd. ,jdhy;jhd; braw;if cu';fis kl;Lk;
fpuhk; tPjk; MW Kiw bjspj;jhy; neha; fl;LggLj;] ]
jggLtJld; mjpfk; gad;gLj;jpa tpis epy';fspy; kfNYk; tpisbghUl;fspd;
ey;y jukhd mjpfkhd tpisrry; ] bgw Koa[k; vd;gJ eprrak;
] . juKk; jw;nghJ Fiwe;J tUfpd;wd.

v ,e; n ehahdJ mWtilf; F g ] gpd; gH mGfiy Vw; g Lj; j f;
Toajhifahy;/ mWtil bra;jt[ld; bte;ePhpy; eidj;J itf;f
ntz;Lk;.
v gH';fs; itf;Fk; ml;ilg] bgl;oapy; kpUJthd bghUspd; nky;
] ey;yJ.
khk;gH';fis xnu mLf;fpy; itggJ
,J kl; L kpd; w p/ bgUk; g hd; i kahd tptrhapfs; ,g; n ghJ
kz;tsg; guhkhpg]gpw;F ,urhad cu';fisna ek;gp bray;gLtjhy;
mtw;wpd; njit re;ijapy; mjpfhpj;J/ cuj;jl;Lg]ghLk; tpiynaw;wKk;
Vw;gl;Ls;sd. ,jdhy; fle;j rpy Mz;Lfspy; fhnthp bly;lh cl;gl;l gy
gFjpfspy; tptrhapfshy; njitahd jUzj;jpy; nghjpa cu';fis
th';fp gapUf;F ,l ,ayhky; tpisr]ry; ghjpg]gilfpwJ.

]
v btsp ehLfSf;F Vw;Wkjp bra;aggLk; ] l
gH';fis Fsp+l;lggl; (iii) ,aw;if kw;Wk; m';ff ntshz; Kiwfspy; kz;tsk;
] bra;ahtpoy; btspahFk; mjpf
epiyapy; itf;f ntz;Lk;. mggo fle;j Rkhh] 30 Mz;Lfspy; bjhlh]e;J ,urhad cu';fisa[k;
] jpdhy; Mf;!p$d; Fiwe;J fhhgd;
btggj; ] -il-Mf;i!L kw;Wk; g{r] r pf; b fhy; y pfisa[ k ; gad; g Lj; j pajhy; Vw; g l; l kz; t s kw; W k;
vj;jpyPd; tha[ mjpfkhtjhy; gH';fs; rPuhf gGf;fhky; mGfy; Rw;Wr]NHy; rPh]nfLfis czh]e;j fzprkhd tpthrapfSk; ,aw;if ts
njhd;Wtijf; fhzyhk;. fhg;ghsh]fSk; jw;nghJ Kw;wpYk; ,aw;if rhh]e;j ntshz; Kiwfis
gpd;gw;wpa[k; typa[Wj;jpa[k; tUfpwhh]fs;. ,urhad';fSf;F khw;whf
vdnt 'kh' rhFgo bra;a[k; tptrhapfs; nkw;fz;l neha;f;F jFe;j
'kz;g[G cuk;' 'g";rft;ah' '$Pthkph]jk;' kw;Wk; 'ntg]gk; g[z;zhf;F' nghd;w
jUzj;jpy; ghJfhg]g[ eltof;iffis ifahz;L ey;y jukhd/ mjpf m';ff Kiwfspy; (caph] tpidfspy;) cUthd ,LbghUl;fs; m';ff
kfNiy bgWtPh]fshf. ntshz; Kiwfspd; \yk; kz; kw;Wk; gaph]tsf;fhg]gpy; bgUk; g';fhw;wp
Fwpg]g[ tUfpd;wd.

Nnlhnkhdh!; g] n shurd; ! ; (FP7+Chitin) nfhitapYs; s ,j; j ifa ,LbghUl; f is cUthf; f \yg] bghUl; f shf
bgUk;ghYk; ,Ug]git rhzk;/ rpWePh]/ ghy;/ japh] btz;bza; Kjypa
kyh] - 2 40 ,jH;; - 9 kyh] - 2 17 ,jH;; - 9
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010 cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010

fhy;eil rhh]e;j bghUl;fnsahFk;. g";rft;ah nghd;w ,j;jifa

Ez;qaphpfs; brhpe;j fiury;fs; gapUf;F KGg]gad;ju/ ,uz;L my;yJ mwpFwpfs;
\d;W Kiw xt;bthU gaph]fhyj;jpYk; Fwpg]gpl;l fhy ,ilbtspapy;
bjspf;f ntz;oa[s;sJ. nkYk; nghjpa mst[ m';ff Tl;Lg] bghUl;fs; v ,e;neha; Kjypy; ,iyfisj; jhf;fp tl;l tot kutz;z
kz;zpy; ,Uf;Fk;nghJjhd; Ez;qaphpfs; gy;fp bgUfp ,tw;wpd; g[s;spfs; Vw;gl;L ehsiltpy; ,iy KGtJk; gutp fUfp cjph]e;J
bray;jpwd; nkk;gl;Lk; ePoj;Jk; ,Uf;fpwJ. ,jw;fhf kz;zpw;F tpLk;.
mt;tg]nghJ nghjpa mstpy; kf;fpa bjhGcuk;/ gaph] kw;Wk; ntW
gz;izf; fHpt[fshyhd fk;ngh!;l; (kf;fpa cuk;)/ gRe;jhs; tif cuk;
] ]
v Kjphrrp mile; j fpisfSk; EdpfSk; fha'; f s; \yk;
kw;Wk; g[z;zhf;F Kjypa m';ff ,LbghUl;fis ,l;L tuntz;Lk;.
] L/ fUfp ,we;JtpLk;.
jhf;fggl;
,j;jifa ,LbghUl;fis btspna re;ijapy; tpiy bfhLj;J kPz;Lk; ] J fhzg;gLk;.
v ,e;neha; g{f;fs; cUthFk; nghJ g{f;fs; fUfp cjphe;
kPz; L k; th'; f hky; mtuth] gz; i zapnyna cw; g j; j p bra; J
gad;gLj;Jtnj ,yhgkhdjhFk;. ,J rhj;jpakhf gz;izapy; nghjpa v gp";Rf;Fs; (gl;lhzp mst[s;s gp";Rfs;) jhf;Fjy; Vw;gl;L
vz;zpf;ifapy; jukhd fhy;eilfs; kw;Wk;; mtw;wpd; fHpt[fspd; (m';ff ] J tpLk;.
gp";Rfhk;g[ mGfp gp";Rfs; rpWj;J fUfp cjphe;
,LbghUl;fspd; \yg]bghUl;fs;) ,Ug]g[ mog]gilj; njitahFk;. ] l kuj;jpypUe;J mWtil bra;aggl;
v ghjpf;fggl; ] l gpd; khk;gHj;jpy;
(iv) fHpt[fsy;y cu';fs; xG';fw;w fUk;g[s;spfs; epiwa njhd;Wk;. ,jdhy; gH mGfy;
kz;zpypUe;J Cl;lr] rj;Jf;fis njitahd tpfpjj;jpy; vLj;J ]
Vw;gl;L gHj;jpd; juKk; Fiwe;J fhzggLk; .
tsh]e;j jhtu';fisna czthf cl;bfhs;Sk; fhy;eilfs; j';fs;
v gH';fs; ed;F gGf;Fk; nghJ njhy; gFjp KGtJk; ,nyrhfp/
tapw;wpYs;s Ez;qaphpfs; kw;Wk; behjpg]bghUl;fisf; bfhz;L brhpj;j
fUikahfp mGfptpLk; . ,J/ gH'; f s; nrkpg; g pd; nghJk;
gpd; j';fsJ clw;njitf;F kp";rpa (jPtd';fspd;) bgUk;gFjpia
rj;Jf;fSld; rhzk; kw;Wk; rpWePh] Kjypa fHpt[fshf btspnaw;W
] J
thfd';fspy; ,l khw;wk; bra;a[k; nghJk; g{rzk; ed;F tshe;
fpd;wd. ,t;thW btspahFk; rhzj;jpy; Kjd;ikahf brhpkhdkhfhj ]
nrjj;ij mjpfggLj; JfpwJ.
ehh]r]rj;Jf;fshd bry;Ynyh!;/ bQkpbry;Ynyh!; kw;Wk; ypf;dpd;/
gut[k; tpjk;
fhy;eilfshy; Ruf;fg]gl;l bfhGg]g[ mkpy';fs;/ gpj;j ePh]/ nfhiH ePh]/
Rz;zhk;g[ kw;Wk; kf;dPrpak; Kjypadt[k; ,we;j Ez;qaph]fspd; ghjpf;fg]gl;l ,iyfs;/ fpisfs; kw;Wk; g{f;Fk; gUtj;jpy; njhd;Wk;
cly;fspYs;s vspjpy; fiua[k; kw;Wk; fiuah epiyapYs;s jiHr]rj;J kiH \yk; fhw;wpy; g{rz tpj;Jf;fs; vLj;Jr; bry;yg]gl;L gut[fpwJ.
bghUl;fSk; gpw Cl;lr]rj;Jf;fSld; nrh]e;Js;sd. ,itad;wp gy;ntW
gr]ir gH';fspYs;s Jisfs;/ fha';fs; \yk; g{rzk; cs;ns brd;W
Ez;qaphpfspd; behjpfisa[k; gaph] tsh]r]rp a[{f;fpfisa[k; ,it
jd;dfj;nj bfhz;Ls;sd. ghjpg]g[ Vw;gLj;Jk;. Kjph]e;j gH';fspy; g{f]fhk;g[fis xl;oa[k;/ tise;j

ve;j ,d khlhf ,Ue;jhYk; ruhrhpahf ehs; xd;Wf;F 10 fpnyh
gr]ir rhzKk; 7 ypl;lh] rpWePUk; fHpf;fpd;wJ. xU tUlj;jpw;F
fzf;fpl;lhy; 3.5 ld; rhzKk;/ 2500 ypl;lh] rpWePUk; xU khl;oypUe;J
fpilf;fpd;wJ. rhzj;;jpy; 0.5% jiHr]rj;Jk;/ 0.2% kzpr]rj;Jk; 0.9%
rhk;gy; rj;Jk; cs;sd. khl;od; rhzj;ijtpl khl;od; rpWePhpy;jhd;
Edpg] gFjp \yKk; cs; bry;Yk;.
bghJthf gr]irf;fdpfspy; fpUkp cs; brd;W rijg]gFjpiaj;
jhf;fp tsh]e;J/ gHk; gGf;Fk; nghJ nrjk; mjpfhpf;fpwJ. jhf;fg]gl;l
gH';fspypUe;J ey;y gH';fSf;Fk;/ njhg]g[fspypUe;J nrkpg]gpw;Ff;

kyh] - 2 18 ,jH;; - 9 kyh] - 2 39 ,jH;; - 9

cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010
'kh' tpy; ,iy/ g{/ gp";R cjph]jy; kw;Wk;
gH mGfy; fl;Lg]ghL
it. b$ayl;Rkp kw;Wk;; F. jphpg[tdkhyh
kz;ly Muha;r]rp epiyak;
iga{h] - 635 112
fpU#;zfphp khtl;lk;
Kf;fdpfspy; Kjy; fdpahd kh ,e;jpahtpy; Rkhh] 19 kpy;ypad; ld;
cw;gj;jp bra;J kh cw;gj;jpapy; rpwg]gplk; bgw;W tps';FfpwJ. jkpH;
ehl;oy; Rkhh] 80/000 vf;lh] gug]gstpy; rhFgo bra;ag]gLfpwJ. jkpH; ehl;oy;
Fwpg]ghf fpU#;zfphp kw;Wk; jUkg[hp khtl;l';fspy; mjpfst[ Rkhh] 37/000
vf;lh] rhFgo bra;ag]gl;L ,jpy; 82 rjk; fpU#;zfphp khtl;lj;jpy;jhd;
rhFgo bra;ag]gLfpwJ. vdnt ,k;khtl;lj;ij kh';fdp khtl;lk; vd;W
miHg]gJ rhyg]bghUe;Jk;. ,k;khtl;lj;jpy; 90 rjj;Jf;Fnky; 'kh'
khdhthhpahf rhFgo bra; a g] g LfpwJ. khdhthhpapy; jl; g btg] g
epiyf;nfw;wthW rpy rkak; ey;y kfNy; fpilj;jhYk;/ g{r]rp kw;Wk;
neha;fspdhy; kfNy; bgUk; ghjpg]gilfpwJ. ,jdhy; mWtilapd;
nghJk;/ mWtilf;Fg] gpd;dUk; njhd;Wk; nehapdhy; tptrhapfSk;/
tpahghhpfSk; bgUkst[ e#;lk; milfpd;wdh]. khk;gHr]rhW Vw;Wkjpapy;
,e;jpah Kd;dzp tfpf;fpwJ. Fwpg]ghf jkpH;ehl;oy; ,jd; \ykhf
Mz;ow;F ruhrhpahf +.100 nfho md;dpa bryhtzp fpilf;fpwJ. jUkg[hp
kw;Wk; fpU#;zfphp khtl;lj;jpy; 60/000 ld; gHf;TH; cw;gj;jp bra;ag]gl;L
,jpy; 54/000 ld; Vw;Wkjp bra;ag]gLfpwJ. Vw;Wkjpapy; gHf;THpd; juj;ij
ghjpf;ff; Toa kpf Kf;fpakhd fhuzp gH mGfy; nehahFk;.
,e;j nehapd; jhf;Fjy; tsh;r;rpg; gUt';fspnyna
Muk;gkhfpd;wJ. Mfnt jhf;fg]gLk; gFjpiag] bghWj;J/ ,iyg]g[s;sp/ g{
bkhl;L fUfy;/ gH mGfy;/ Edpf;fUfy;/ Edp thly; kw;Wk; gHk; Rz;Ljy;
nghd;W gythW miHf;fg]gLfpd;wJ.
khtpy; ,iy/ g{/ gp";R fUfy; kw;Wk; gH mGfy; nehahdJ xU
tif g{rzj; j hy; (bfhypl; n lhoiuf; f k; fpspnah!; n ghuha; l !; )
Vw;gLfpwJ.
kyh] - 2 38 ,jH;; - 9
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010
jiHr]rj;J 50 rjKk;/ rhk;gy; rj;J 25 rjKk; TLjyhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ.
Mifahy; khl;Lf; bfhl;lifapy; khl;od; rpWePiu tPzhf;fhky; khLfs;
fHpj; j jPtd'; f nshL nrh] j ; J nrfhpj; J Fg; i gFHpfspy; kw; w
gz;izf;fHpt[fs; kw;Wk; rhzj;Jld; ,l;L bjhG cukhf;fpg] gad;gLj;j
ntz;Lk;. xU khl;oypUe;J rpWePh] \yk; kl;Lk; xU Mz;ow;F 42 - 56 fpnyh
jiHr]rj;J/ 10 - 14 fpnyh kzpr]rj;J kw;Wk; 35 - 40 fpnyh rhk;gy; rj;Jk;
fpilf;fpd;wd.
(v) Ml;Lf;fpil itj;jy;
ve;j ,d MLk; ruhrhpahf ehs; xd;wpw;F 500 fpuhk; g[Gf;ifa[k; 250
kpy;yp rpWePUk; fHpf;fpd;wJ. xt;bthU 100 fpnyh Ml;blUtpYk; 1 fpnyh
jiH/ 400 fpuhk; kzp kw;Wk; 1 fpnyh rhk;gy; rj;Js;sJ. Ml;L \j;jpuj;jpy;
(100 ypl;lUf;F) 2 fpnyh jiH/ 4 fpnyh kzp kw;Wk; 4 fpnyh rhk;gy;
rj;Jf;fs; cs;sd. khl;Lr]rhzj;jpd; \yk; bgwg]gLk; bjhG cuj;ijtpl
Ml;L cuk; Cl;lk; kpFe;jjhft[k; tpiutpy; gapUf;F fpilg]gjhft[k;
cs;sJ. vdnt jhd;/ "Ml;blU mt;tUlk;/ khl;blU kW tUlk;" vd;w
tHf;F cs;sJ.
bjhG cuj;jpy; 1/3 g';F jiHr]rj;Jk; 2/3 g';F kzpr]rj;Jk;/ KG
rhk; g y; rj; J k; Kjyhkhz; L k; kPjKs; s ,uz; l htJ/ \d; w htJ
Mz;oYk;/ kpff; Fiwe;j mst[ ehd;fhk; Mz;oYk; fpilf;fpd;wd.
tay;fspy; RHw;rp Kiwapy; Ml;Lf;fpil itg;gjd; \yk;
(gl;ofhj;jy;) MLfspd; rpWePh] kw;Wk; g[Gf;iffis nrjkpd;wpa[k;
rkr]rPuhft[k; epyk; KGtJk; mspj;J kz;tsk; Tl;lKoa[k;.
(vi) nfhHp kw;Wk; gd;wp vUf;fs;
xU nfhHpapypUe;J Rkhuhf 6 Kjy; 7 fpnyh tiu fHpt[fis xU
Mz;oy; bgwKoa[k;. ,jpy; xt;bthU 100 fpnyhtpw;Fk; 2.2 fpnyh jiH/ 3.0
fpnyh kzp/ 2.1 fpnyh rhk;gy;/ 2.4 fpnyh Rz;zhk;g[/ 0.7 fpnyh kf;dPrpak;/
0.4 fpnyh fe;jfk; cl;gl rj;Jf;fs; brhpe;Js;sd. ,ij mg]gona
gad;gLj;jhky; kf;f itj;J cgnahfpj;jy; kz;zpd; btg]gepiy kpfhky;
ghjpg]gpd;wp gad;gLj;j Koa[k;.
kyh] - 2 19 ,jH;; - 9
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010
xU gd;wpapypUe;J xU tUlj;jpw;F 1 1/2 tz;o cuk; (4 fpnyh jiH/
3 1/4 fpnyh kzp kw;Wk; 3 fpnyh rhk;gy; rj;J fpilf;fpwJ). ,jpy; 0.21%
Rz;zhk;g[r]rj;Jk;/ 0.1% kf;dPrpaKk; cz;L.
(vii) fhy;eil cu';fs; KGikahdit
m';ff fhpkk; epiwe;j ,t;t[u';fs; caph]j;njitf;F Vw;w
tpfpjj;jpy; kw;w Cl;l';fisa[k; bfhz;Ls;sjhy; ,it kz;zpy;
,;l;lt[ld; kz;thH; caphpd';fshd kz; g[Gf;fs;/ tz;Lfs; kw;Wk;
ghf;Ohpak;/ g[{";rhzk;/ Mf;ondhikrPl;!;/ g[nuhl;nlhnrhth Kjypa
Ez;qaphpfs; Mfpatw;wpw;F czthfp mit kz;zpy; gy;fp bgUf
tHptFf;fpd;wd. ,e;j caph]j;jd;ik Toa kz;zpy; ,t;t[aphpd';fs;
bray; g hl; l hy; Ez; Jisfs; Vw; g l; L fhw; n whl; l Kk; ePULUt[ k ;
jd;ika[k;/ kz;zpd; fl;likg]g[k; nkk;gl;L ,aw;gpay; jd;ik gaph]
tsh]r]rpf;F cfe;jjhfpwJ. nkYk; kz;zpy; m';ff fhpkk; kw;Wk;
rpijt[w;w kf;Fg] bghUspd; mst[ mjpfhpg]gjhy; Cl;lr]rj;Jf;fspd;
njf;fk; kw;Wk; ghpkhw;wk;/ fhu mkpyj;jd;ik/ Cl;lr]rj;Jf;fspd; rkr]rPh]
tpfpjk; ntjpg]gz;g[fSk; rPh]gLfpd;wd.
,t; t hwhf kz; z pd; jd; i kfs; midj; J k; xUkpj; J
nkk;gLtjhy; kz;zpy; FiwghLfs; eP';fp rj;Jf;fs; midj;Jk; rhpahd
tpfpjj;jpy; Fiwghod;wp fpilg;gjhy; gaphpd; midj;J
caphpaf;fg]gzpfSk; KGik bgw;W gaph] tsh]r]rpa[k;/ tpisr]rYk;/
juKk; bgUFfpd;wd.
ntshz;ikapYk; kz;tsf; fhg]gpYk; fhy;eil cu';fspd;
,j;jifa KGikahd gad;ghl;il ed;Fzh]e;nj ek; Kd;ndhh]fs;
"VhpDk; ed;whk; vUtpLjy; fl;lgpd;
"ePhpDk; ed;wjd; fhg]g["
"Fg]ig ,y;yh bts;shik rg]ig"
"vUt[k; jz;zPUk; cz;lhdhy; vy;yh epyKk; tpisa[k;"
"FU ,y;yhj rPlDk; Fg]ig ,y;yhj kz;qk; ghH;"
vd;w thf;Ffs; \yk; mtw;wpd; kfj;Jtj;ij btspg]gLj;jpa[s;sdh].
,tw;iw btWk; my';fhur] brhw;bwhlh]fshff; fhzhky; gz;gl;l
fyhr]rhuj;jpd; Muha;r]rp Kot[fshf fhz;gnj mwpt[.
vdnt fhy;eil tsh]g]ig Cf;fg]gLj;jp mtw;wpd; tHpahf
fpilf;Fk; m';ff cu';fspd; \yk; kz;tsk; ngqtjpy; KGik
fhz;nghk;.
kyh] - 2 20 ,jH;; - 9
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010
30. ,uz;L rJu mo mst[s;s fUk; ePyj;Jzpfis Xh] Vf;fUf;F 10
,l';fspy; khiy neuj;jpy; tphpj;J itj;jhy;/ ,jdhy; ftug]gLk;
g[buhOdpah g[Gf;fs; moapy; te;J j';Fk;. g[Gf;fis kWehs;
fhiyapy; vLj;J mHpj;J tplyhk;.
31. gUj;jpia kWjhk;g[g] gapuhfg] gaph] bra;tij KGtJkhf
jtph]f;f ntz;Lk;. mWtil Koe;jgpd; gUj;jp brofis gpL';fp
vhpj;J tplntz;Lk;.
32. g[buhOdpah kw;Wk; gr]irf;fha;g;g[G Mfpatw;wiwf; fl;Lg]gLj;j
vd;.gp.tp. vd;w itu!; er]Raphpia Vf;fUf;F 200
vy].,. vd;w mstpy; khiy neu';fspy; bjspf;f ntz;Lk;.
33. nkYk; jj;Jg]g{r]rp/ mRt[zp/ bts;is < ,tw;wpd; jhf;Fjy;
mjpfkhf ,Ue;jhy; ilkPj;njhnal;/ kPj;ijy; blbkl;lhd;/
l;iuanrh@gh!;/ ntg]g vz;bza; (0.5 tpGf;fhL) ,tw;wpy;
VnjDk; xd;iw Vf;fUf;F 200 kp.yp. vd;w mstpy; bjspf;f
ntz;Lk;.
34. ntg]g vz;bza; 3% Vf;fUf;F 6 ypl;lh] tPjk; 200 ypl;lh] ePh] fye;J
200 fpuhk; nrhg]g[j;J}Sld; nrh]j;J 200 kp.yp. gPghy; nrh]j;J
bjspg]gjhy; bts;is <f;fis rpwg]ghf fl]Lg]gLj;jyhk;.
35. gUj;jp gaph]fSf;F ighpj;uha;L kUe;J bjspg]gij jtph]f;f
ntz;Lk;. Vd; vd;why; g{r]rpfs; vjph]gg
] [ jpwd; bgw]W nkYk;
gut[fpd;wd.
36. taypy; M';fh';nf k";rs; epw ml;ilapy; vz;bza; jltp
itj;J bts;is <f;fspd; elkhl;lj;ij mwpe;J fl;Lg]gLj;jyhk;.
37. brofs; beUf; f khf ,y; y hky; Muk; g j; j pnyna Fwpg] g pl; l
,ilbtspapy; brofis fiyf;f ntz;Lk;. ,jdhy; gy g{r;rp
jhf;Fjiy jtph]f;fyhk;.
38. jiHr]rj;J ,Lk;nghJ bkhj;jkhf moa[ukhf ,lhky; Fwpg]gpl;l
mst[ gphpj;J nkYukhft[k; ,lntz;Lk;.
39. tay;fspYk;/ tug]g[fspYk; cs;s fisfis mwnt mHpf;f
ntz;Lk;.
40. gUj;jp taiy Rw;wp btz;il/ fj;jhp/ cSe;J/ kuts;sp/
kpsfha; nghd;w gaph]fis gaph] bra;J ,Uj;jy; TlhJ.
kyh] - 2 37 ,jH;; - 9
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010
22. kz; mizj;jy; kw;Wk; cHtpay; Kiwfisr; rhpahd neuj;jpy;
gpd;gw;w ntz;Lk;.
23. taiyr] Rw;wpa[s;s tug]g[fisr] Rj;jkhf itj;Jf; bfhs;s
ntz;Lk]. tug]gpy; fisfs;/ kw;w brofs; ,Ug]gpd; g{r]rpfs;
mtw;wpy; j';fp gpd;g[ gUj;jp gapiuj; jhf;Fk;. ,jdhy; fisfs;
kw;Wk; ntz;lhj brofis Kw;wpYkhf mHpj;Jtpl ntz;Lk;.
24. njitf; F mjpfkhd ePh] gha; r ] R jy; kw; W k; jiHr] r j; J
cukpLtjhy; rpy g{r]rpfs; bgUf tha;g]g[s;sJ. vdnt ePiu
rhpahd mst[ gha;r]r ntz;Lk;. jiHr]rj;J ,Lk; bghGJ
a{hpaht[ld; ntg]gk; g[z;zhf;F kw;Wk; bghl;lh#; Mfpatw;iw
nrh]j;J ,Ltjhy; brofSf;F vjph]g]g[r] rf;jp TLfpd;wJ.
25. gUj;jp taiyr] Rw;wpa[s;s tug]g[fspy; Mkzf;F gaphpLtjhy;
gUj;jpiaj; jhf;Fk; g[buhOdpah g{r]rp Kl;ilfis Mkzf;F
,iyfspy; ,Ltijf; ftdpj;J mtw;iw vLj;J mHpj;Jtpl
ntz;Lk;.
26. gUj;jpapy; CLgapuhfj; jl;ilg]gaW/ cSe;J/ kf;fhr]nrhsk;
kw;Wk; bt';fhak; nghd;wtw;iwg] gaphpLtjhy; gUj;jpiaj;
jhf;Fk; g{r]rpfspy; ,aw;if vjphpfis mjpfhpf;Fk;. ,jdhy;
gUj;jpiaj; jhf;Fk; g{r]rpfs; Fiwfpd;wd.
27. cHth]fs; taiyf; fz;fhzpf;Fk;nghJ fz;zpy; bjd;gLk;
g{r]rpfspd; Kl;ilf; Ftpay;fs;/ g[Gf;fs;/ broapypUe;J fPnH
tpGk; Kjph]e;j ,iyfs;/ g{f;fs; kw;Wk; fha;fis taypypUe;J
Rj;jg]gLj;Jtjd; \yk; g{r]rpfspd; vz;zpf;ifiaf; Fiwj;Jr;
nrjg]gLj;Jtijj; jLf;fyhk;.
28. mhpf; n fd; tpsf; F my; y J bgl; n uhkhf; ! ; / oa{g; i yl;
nghd; w tw; i w tpsf; F g] bghwpfshf mikj; J g{r] r pfisf;
fz;fhzpj;Jf; fl;Lg]gLj;jyhk;.
29. Kf;nfhz totkhd k";rs; epw xl]L ml;ilfs; kw;Wk; tl;lkhd
od;fspy; fphP!; kw;Wk; tpsf;bfz;iz nghd;witfisj; jltp
Vf;fUf;F 5 Kjy; 7 ,l';fspy; itg]gjhy; bts;is < nghd;w
g{r]rpfs; mitfspy; xl;o koa[k;.
kyh] - 2 36 ,jH;; - 9
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010
ghrdePh] - epyj;Jf;fh> gaph] ntUf;fh>
,uh.ntqnfhghy;/ vk;. v!;!p (V$p.)
ntshz; epg[zh]
brd;id - 600 089
bjhlh]g[f;F : 9442892032
" ePhpd; w p mikahJ cyF " vd; w bgha; a hbkhHp g[ y th]
jpUts;~th] Tw;wpypUe;J ePhpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; Fd;wpypl;l tpsf;fhf
bjhpfpwJ/ g[hpfpwJ.
tptrhaj;jpy; gaph] tsh]r]rpf;F ePh] gha;r]Rfpnwhk;. ghrdePh]
epyj;Jf;F njitah? gaph] ntUf;F njitah vd;gJ kdpj thH;f;ifapy;
gzkh? ghrkh? my;yJ Fzkh? Fykh? vd;gJ nghy; bjhpfpwJ.
cz;ikjhd; Ke;ija fhy';fspy; khjk; Kk;khhp bga;jJ.
ntjk; Xjpa ntjpah]f;F Xh] kiH
ePjp kd;dh] bewpapdh]f;F Xh] kiH
khjh] fw;g[il k';ifaUf;F Xh] kiH
khjk; \d;W kiHbad bga;jJ.
Vhp/ Fs';fs; epiwe;J/ Mw;wpy; ePh] tUlk; KGtJk; XoaJ
epyj;jo ePh]kl;lk; 10 mo/ 15 mo MHj;jpy; ,Ue;j nghJ epyj;jpw;F
ePh]gha;r]rpaJ rhpahf ,Ue;jpUf;fyhk;.
epyj;jo ePh] mjs ghjhsj;jpy; brd;W bfhz;oUf;fpw epiyapy;
300 mo/ 400 mo MH;FHha; fpzw;wpy; ePh]\H;fp nkhl;lhh] \yk;/ kpd;rhu
gw;whf;Fiw fhy';fspy; tptrhapfs; fz;zPUld; jz;zPiu ghrdj;jpw;F
cgnahfg; g Lj; J k; bghGJ tptrhap rhFgoapy; ntUf; F ePh]
gha;r]RtJjhd; rhyr]rpwe;jJ/ "hyk; nghw;Wk;/ ,y;yhtpl;lhy; J}w;Wk;.
ghrdePiu tay; KGtJk; gha;r]Rtjhy; Vw;gLk; jPikfs;
1. njitf]F mjpfkhd jz;zPiu gha;r]Rfpnwhk;. cjhuzkhf 10
ehSf;F xU jlit ePh] gha;r]Rk; bghGJ Kjy; ,uz;L ehl;fs;
mjpf ePh; gpog;gpdhYk; filrp ,uz;L ehl;fs; ePh;
gw;whf;FiwapdhYk; gaph] tsh]r]rp ghjpf;fg]gl;L kPjp 6 ehl;fs;
kl;Lk; jhd; rPuhd tsh]r]rp bgWfpwJ. mjhtJ 40 rjtpj tsh]r]rp
kyh] - 2 21 ,jH;; - 9
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010
FiwfpwJ. fhuzk;/ gaph]fs; ed;F tsu nth]gFjpapy; ePupd;
mst[k;/ fhw;wpd; mst[k; rkkhf ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;.
2. thpirapy; gaphpLk; fUk;g[/ ghkhapy; kuk;/ bjd;id nghd;w njhl;lg]
gaph]fSf;Fk; tay; KGtJk; ePh]gha;r]Rtjhy; gaph]fspd; / broapd;
,ilbtspapy; fisfs; mjpfk; Kisj;J gapUld; rj;Jf;Fk;/
ePUf;Fk; nghl;o nghl;Lf; bfhz;L gaph]tsh]r]rpia bghpJk;
Fiwf;fpwJ Mjyhy;jhd; "fisbalhj gaph] fhy; gaph]"] vd;w
bghd;dhd/ fUj;jhd ey;bkhHp cUthfpaJ.
3. cukpl;l rkaj;jpy; taYf;F mjpfkhf ePh]gha;r]Rtjhy; (Flood
irrigation) cuk; ePhpy; fiue;J/ kzy; gh';fhd epy';fspy; fiue;j
cu';fs; nth]gFjpia jhz;o brd;W tpLfpwJ. ,jdhy; ePh]
nrjhuk; kl;Lkpd;wp/ cu nrjhuKk; Vw;gLfpwJ.
4. tay; KGtJk; ePh]gha;r]Rtjhy; ePh]njita[k; mjpfkhfpwJ
,jdhy; mjpf gug;gst[ ePh]gha;r]RtJ ghjpf;fg]gLfpwJ. nkYk;
mjpf jz;zPh] gha;r]Rtjhy; kz; ,Wf;fk; Vw;gLfpwJ.
ghrdePh] - ntUf;F bfhLg]gjhy; Vw;gLk; gad;fs;
fUk;g[/ ghkhapy;/ bjd;id/ thiH nghd;w njhl;lgaph]fSf;F
ghrdePiu ntUf;F bfhLg]gJ rhyr]rpwe;jJ. ntUf;F ePh] bfhLf;f
brhl;LePh] (Drip irrigation)/ epyj;jo ePh] ghrdKiw(Subsurface irrigation)
nghd;wit cfe;jjhFk;.
1. gaph]tsh]r]rpf;F Kf;fpak; nth] tsh]r]rp. ePUk;/ cuKk; nghjpa mst[
nth]gFjpapy; (Rhizosphere) kl;Lk; bfhLg]gjhy;/ ePh]nrjhuk;/
curn
] rjhuk; jtphf
] ;fgg
] l;L tshr
] r
] p ghjpf;fhky; bjhlht
] shr
] r
] p
NH;epiy cUthfp ey;y kfNy; bfhLf;fpwJ.
2. ntUf;F ePh] bfhLg]gjhy; thpirf;F ,ilbtspapy; cs;s
,lj; j pYk; kuj; j pw; F kuk; cs; s ,ilbtspapYk; ePh]
bfhLf;fhjjhy; mjhtJ tay; KGtJk; ePh] gha;r]rhjjhy;
,ilbtspapy; fisfs; Kisg]gjpy;iy. mjdhy; ePnuh/ cunkh
nrjhuk; Vw;gLtjpy;iy. cuk;/ ePh] KGtJk; gaph] nth]fs;
gad;gLj;jpf; bfhs;tjhy; gaph]fs; ed;F tsh]fpwJ.
kyh] - 2 22 ,jH;; - 9
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010
11. taiyr] Rw;wpYk; Mkqf;Fg] gaphpLtjd; \yk; g]nuhl;dpahg]
g[Gtpd; jhf;Fjiy Kd; Tl;ona mwpe;J mjw;nfw;wthW jLg]g[
Kiwfis nkw;bfhs;syhk;.
12. fha;g]g[Gf;fis fl;Lg]gLj;j el;l 45 Mk; ehspy; ,Ue;J 10 Kjy;
12 ehl;fSf;F xU Kiw Kd;g[ Fwpg]gpl;l kUe;Jfis Fwpg]gpl;l
mst[fSld; gad;gLj;jyhk;.
13. vk;.rp.a{. gUj;jpf;F 7 Kiwa[k;/ tuyl;Rkp nghd;w gUj;jpf;F 9
Kiwa[k; kUe;Jfis cgnahfg]gLj;jy; ntz;Lk;.
14. nfhil cHt[ bra;tjhy; kz;zpYs;s g[Gf;fspd; Kl;ilfs;
kw;Wk; Tl;Lg]g[Gf;fs; kz;zpd; nkw;g[wj;jpw;F bfhz;L tug]gl;L
Nhpa xspapdhy; mHpf;fg]gLfpd;wd.
15. gUj;jpiaf; fhyk; jhH;j;jp elt[ bra;tijj; jtph]f;f ntz;Lk;.
gUj;jpia Xh] Mz;ow;F xU Kiw kl;Lnk elt[ bra;a ntz;Lk;.
VjhtJ xU gUjtj;jpy; Fsph]fhyk; my;yJ nfhilf; fhyj;jpy;
elt[ bra;a ntz;Lk;.
16. rhd;wpjH; bgwg]gl;l jukhd tpijfis cgnahfpg]gjd; \yk;
tpijapdhy; gut[k; g{r]rpfs; Fiwfpd;wd. mkpy tpij neh]j;jp
bra;j tpijfisna th';fpg] gad;gLj;j ntz;Lk;.
17. 10 Kjy; 15 ehl;fSf;Fs; xU gFjpapYs;s midtUk; elt[
bra;a ntz;Lk;. xU gFjpapy; cs;sth]fs; Koe;jtiu Xh]
,ufj;ij kl;Lk; gaphpLjy; ntz;Lk;.
18. g{r]rpfspd; jhf;Fjiyj; jh';fp tsUk; ,uf';fshd Rg]hpah/
fh";rdh nghd;w ,uf';fisg] gaphplyhk;.
19. Kiwahd gaph] RHw;rp Kiwfisg] gpd;gw;w ntz;Lk;. ,jw;Fg]
gUj;jpia mLj;j jhdpag]gaph]fisg] gaph] bra;a ntz;Lk;.
20. gUj;jp gaphpl;Ls;s taYf;F mUfpYs;s tay;fspy; btz;il/
fj;jhp/ jf;fhsp kw;Wk; Nhpafhe;jp nghd;w gaph]fisg] gaph]
bra;tijj; jtph]f;f ntz;Lk;. ,tw;iwg] gaph] bra;tjhy;
,tw;iwj; jhf;Fk; g{r]rpfs; gUj;jpiaj; jhf;f tha;g]g[ cs;sJ.
21. ,aw;if cu';fis mjpfkhf gad;gLj;Jtjhy; gaph]fspy; g{r]rp
vjph]g]g[j;jpwd; mjpfhpf;fpd;wJ. moa[uk; ,Lk;bghGJ Xh]
Vf;fUf;F 100 fpnyh vd;w mstpy; ntg]gk; g[z;zhf;if
,Ltjhy; g{r]rpfspd; jhf;Fjy; fzprkhff; Fiwfpd;wJ.
kyh] - 2 35 ,jH;; - 9
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010 cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010

gUj;jpapy; xU';fpize;j gaph] ghJfhg]g[ Kiw 3. brhl;LePh] ghrdj;jhy; taypy; cs;s midj;J brofSk;/
ku';fSk; xnu neuj;jpy; xnu mstpy; ePiu nth] bgWfpwJ. ,jdhy;
b$. b$af;Fkhh;/ ,uh. mUzhryk; kw;Wk;
,uh. uhn$e;jpud; tsh]r]rpapy; Vw;w jhH;t[fs; ,y;iy.

4. brhl; L ePh] ghrdj; j hy; broapd; nth] g Fjpapy; ePh] / fhw; W

ntshz;ik mwptpay; epiyak;
jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg] gy;fiyf;fHfk;
rpf;fy; - 611 108
ehfgl;odk; khtl;lk;.
1. gUj;jpia gUtj;nj gaphpl;lhYk; xU Fwpg]gpl;l ehSf;Fs;
gaphply; ntz;Lk;.
2. gUj; j papy; mWtilf; F g] g pd; kfNy; vLj; j t[ l d; gUj; j p
brofis gpL';fp mHpj;Jtply; ntz;Lk;.
3. Fsph]fhyg] gUj;jp gaph] bra;a[k; gFjpfspy; fl;ilr] brofs; gaph]
,Ltija[k;/ nfhilg] gUj;jp rhFgor] bra;tija[k; jtph]j;jy;
ntz;Lk;.
4. xnu ,ufg]gUj;jpia g{r]rpa[k;/ neha[k; jhf;fg]glhj ,uf';fisg]
gaphpLjy; ntz;Lk;.
5. tpijf;Fk; nghJ tpijia mkpyj;jpy; g";R ePf;fp tpijj;jy;
ntz;Lk;.
6. tpij \yk; gut[k; neha;fisj; jtph]f;f mf;furhd;/ nfg]lhd;
(my;yJ) bgtp!;od; nghd;w kUe;JfSld; tpij neh]j;jp bra;J
tpijj;jy; ntz;Lk;.
7. rhW cwp";Rk; g{r;rpfs; bjd;gl;lhy; CLUtpg; gha[k; kUe;Jfshd
bkl;lhrp!;lhf;!; (my;yJ) nuhfhh; Mfpatw;iw 200 kp.yp./Vf;fh]
tPjk; bjspj;Jf; fl;Lg]gLj;jyhk;.
8. tpsf;Fg]bghwp itg]gjhy; g{r]rpapd; jhf;Fjiy mwptnjhL mjd;
me; J g] g {r] r piaa[ k ; mHpg] g jhy; mjpf mst[ tsh] r ] r papid
fl;Lg]gLj;jyhk;.
9. me;Jg]g{r]rpfs; brofspy; fhzg]gl;lhy; brofis Muha;e;J
g{r; r pfspd; Kl; i l/ g[ G f; f is iffspdhy; nrfhpj; J
beUg]gpypl;L mHpj;jy; ntz;Lk;.
10. fha;g]g[Gf;fs; jhf;fg]gl;l fha;fis bghUf;fp vLj;J mHpj;jy;
ntz;Lk;.
tpfpjhr]rhuk; rkkhf ,Ug]gjhy; nth]fs; ntfkhft[k;/ Mnuhf;a
khft[ k ; tsu tHpnaw; g LfpwJ. nkYk; kz; fodkhtJ
jLf;fg]gLfpwJ.
5. ntUf;F kl;Lk; brhl;LePh] (Drip irrigation) ghrd Kiwapy;
ePh]bfhLg]gjhy; kilghrdj;jpy; (Flood irrigation) njitg]gLk; ePhpy;
40 rjtPjk; jz;zPnu nghJkhdJ. nkYk; gaph]fSf;F njitahd
curj;Jf;fis ePh] \ynk (Fertigtion) bfhLg]gjhy; rhpahd
neuj;jpy; rhpahd mstpy; vy;yh brofSf;Fk; rkkhf fpilg]gjhy;/
gaph] eykhf/ gykhf/ tskhf tsh]e;J mjpf kfNy; bgw
tHpnaw;gLfpwJ.
Ml;fs;/ kpd;rhuk;/ ePh]njit/ fisfs; brhl;L ePh]ghrdj;jpy;
fdprkhf Fiwtjhy]/ epiwa kfNy; bgWtjhy; tptrha ez;gh]fns
fhyj;jpd; epiy g[hpe;J bfhz;L jz;zPhpd; mUikia czh]e;J
bfhz;L thpir gaph]fSf;Fk;/ njhl;lgaph]fSf;Fk; epyk; KGtJk;
ePh]gha;r]Rtij khw;wp gaph] ntUf;F kl;Lk; ePh] bfhLj;J Vw;wk; bgw
ntz;Lfpnwd;. ,d;Dk; gRkuj;jhzp nghy; brhy;y ntz;Lkhdhy; "kil
ghrdj;jpw;F jil nghL';fs;/ brhl;L ePh] ghrdj;jpw;F tHp nfhY';fs; "/
thH;tpy; tsk; bgW';fs;.
bjd;id jUk; ,sePh]
gid jUk; gjePh]
Rfk; jUk; gd;dPh]
Rfhjhuk; jUk; ed;dPh]
gapUf;F tsk; jUk; brhl;LePh]

kyh] - 2 34 ,jH;; - 9 kyh] - 2 23 ,jH;; - 9

cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010
g{kp Nlhtij jzpf;Fk; " gz;izf;Fl;il"
gp. Qhpjh!;/ gp.v!;rp./(tp)
ntshz;ik cjtp ,af;Feh;
gz;Ul;o
bjhlh]g[f;F : 9443074620
mYtyfk; : 04142-275575.
tpisepy'; f spYk; kw; W k; jhpR epy'; f spYk; gz; i zf;
Fl;ilahdJ kiHePh] nrkpg]gpw;Fk;/ kz; mhpkhdk; fhf;ft[k; Vw;wjhFk;.
Kf;fpakhf kiHePh] tHpe;njho fly;ePuhfhky; vspjhf tay;njhWk;
njf;ft[k; cjtpfpwJ. gz;izf; Fl;il mikg]gjhy; gRikg]nghh]it
vspjpy; Cf;Ftpf;fg]gl;L g[tp btg]gkhjiy jzpf;ft[k; cjt[k;.
"ePhpd;wp mikahJ cyF" vd;whh] bgha;ahbkhHpahh]. mJ nghy
ntshz;ikapy; ePUk; tskhd epyKk; caph]eho MFk;.
g{kpapy; cs;s bkhj;j ePhpy; Rkhh] 3 rjtPjnk Rj;jkhd ePh]. kiH
bga;tjhy; Rj;jkhd ePh] fpilf;fpwJ. kiHePh] epyj;jpy; tpGe;J tHpe;J
XLfpwJ. mt;thW XLk; nghJ xU gFjp epyg]gug]gpy; cwp";rg]gl;L epyj;jo
ePhpy; nrUfpwJ. xU gFjp Mtpahfp thdj;jpw;F jpUk;g[fpwJ. Rkhh] 30
rjtPjj;jpw;F nkyhf bgwg]gLk; kiHePh] tHpe;njho Mw;wpYk;/ gpd;
flypYk; fye;J tPzhfpwJ.
khdhthhp g[";ir epy';fspy; kiHePiu nrfhpj;J gaph]fSf;F
njitg]gLk; rkaj;jpy; mspg]gJ ,ayhj xd;W. mjpf kiH bgWk;
fhy';fspy; bts;sKk;/ kz; mhpkhdKk;/ kz; mhpkhdj;jhy; kz; tsk;
ghjpg]g[k; jtph;f;f Koahj xd;whfpwJ. Mdhy;/ rhpahd ,lj;jpy;
gz;izf;Fl;il mikj;J/ kiHePiu njf;fp RHw;rp bra;jhy; khdhthhp
epyj;jpYk; gRikg]nghh]it cUthf;fyhk;. kiHePiu nrkpf;f gad;gLk;
gy El;g';fspy; gy nehf;f';fis cs;slf;fpaJ gz;izf;Fl;il
vd;why; mJ kpifahfJ.
kyh] - 2 24 ,jH;; - 9
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010
,urhad cu';fspd; cgnahfj;jpwid mjpfhpf;fj; njitahd
bjhHpy;El;g';fs;
l a{hpaht[ld; ntg]gk; g[z;zhf;F fe;jfk; fye;J ,Ljy;.
l ghypkh; g{rpa a{hpah kw; W k; a{hpah Ng ] gh; FUizfis
cgnahfpj;jy;.
l ] J cu';fs;)
mkpyk; fye;j uhf; gh!;ngl; (khw;wg]gl;l kzprrj;
cgnahfpj;jy;;.
l gaphpd; tsh]r]rpg]gUtk; mwpe;J gapUf;Fj; njitahd gUt';fspy;
njitahd mst[ kl;Lk; cukply;.
l ,urhad cu';fisg] gphpj;jply; (Split application).
l kz;zpd; bgsjPf kw;Wk; ,urhadj; jd;ikia nkk;gLj;Jjy;.
l rhpahd ePh] nkyhz;ik.
l ,urhad cu';fnshL fk;ngh!;l; kw;Wk; bjhG cu';fis
cgnahfpj;jy;.
l kz;zpYs;s gaph;rj;Jf;fis vLj;Jf;bfhLf;fty;y
Ez;qaphpfis cgnahfpj;jy;.
l fhw;wpYs;s jiHr]rj;ij kz;zpy; epiyg]gLj;Jk; Ez;qaph]fis
cgnahfpj;jy;.
l nghjpa g{r]rp kw;Wk; g{rz fl;Lg]ghl;L Kiwfis gpd;gw;Wjy;.
nkYk; jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg] gy;fiyf; fHf kz;ts ml;ilapy;
kz;zpd; tsk;/ juk; kw;Wk; epiyj;J ePoj;j kfNy; bgUf;fj;jpw;F cfe;j
kz;zpd; Fzhjpra';fs; nghd;wit ml';fp ,Uf;fpwJ. ,e;j kz;ts
ml;iliag] gad;gLj;jp tptrhapfs; j';fspd; kz; tsj;ij ghJfhf;ft[k;
mth]fSila epyj;jpy; Vw;gLk; mDgtj;ijf; bfhz;L kz; tsj;ij
cah]j;jt[k; ,J xU mst[ nfhshf ,Uf;Fk;. ,e;j ml;ilapy; kz;
Rl;of;fhl;Lk; Fwpg]g[fs; cs;sjhy; gaph] tsh]r]rpf;F kz;zpd; jpwid
mwptnjhL kz;zpd; ,lh]ghLfisa[k; mwpa Koa[k;.
jha; kz;iz ehk; jhd; ngzp ghJfhf;f ntz;Lk;. Kaw;rpa[k;
gapw;rpa[k; ,Ue;jhy; rhjhuz kdpjd; Tl rhjid kdpjnd.
kyh] - 2 33 ,jH;; - 9
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010
kz; ghpnrhjid thapyhf gapUf;F ,lntz;oa cuj;jpd;
msita[k; fhyj;ija[k; mwpe;Jf;bfhz;L gUtj;jpw;nfw;gt[k;/ kz;zpd;
jd;ikf;nfw;gt[k; cuj;ij mjpfkhfnth Fiwthfnth kz;zpay;
epg[zh]fis Mnyhrpj;J ,lyhk;.
rhpahd gaph] gUtj;jpy; gap+l;l';fis mspj;jy;
gy tpjkhd gaph]fspd; gap+l;lj;njitfs; mtw;wpd; tsh]r]rpg]
gUt';fSf;nfw;g khWgLk;. gaphpd; tsh]r]rpg] gUtk; mwpe;J gapUf;Fj;
njitahd gUt';fspy; njitahd mst[ kl;Lk; cukply; ntz;Lk;.
nkYk; xU';fpize;j Cl;lr]rj;J eph]thfk; thapyhf gaph]fSf;F
,urhad cu';fs;/ gRe;jhs; cu';fs;/ caph] cu';fs; kw;Wk; m';ff
cu';fs; Mfpatw;iw xU';fpize;J rkr]rPh] Cl;lk; mspf;fyhk;.
xU';fpize;j gap+l;l nkyhz;ikapd; jj;Jt';fs;
l kz;zpYs;s Cl;lr]rj;Jf;fspd; msit kz; ghpnrhjidapd;
mog; g ilapy; mwpe; J gapUf; F j; n jitahd rj; J f; f is
]
ephzapj; jy;/
l ,urhad cu'; f nshL ,aw; i f kw; W k; caph] cu'; f is
cgnahfpj;jy;/
l rhpahd kw;Wk; gapUf;Fj; njitahd neuj;jpy; cukply;/
l gap+l;l cgnahfj;jpwid mjpfhpf;fj; njitahd bjhHpy;
]
El;g';fis filggpoj; jy;.
xU';fpize;j gap+l;l Kiwapdhy; Vw;gLk; ed;ikfs;
l kz; z pd; bgsjPf kw; W k; ,urhadg ] gz; g [ f s; mgptpUj; j p
milfpd;wd.
l ng+l;lr]rj;Jf;fnshL Ez;q}l;lr]rj;JfSk; nghjpa mst[ vspjpy;
fpilf;fpd;wd.
l kz;zpy; m';ffg] bghUl;fspd; mst[ mjpfhpf;fpwJ.
l cu';fspd; cgnahfj;jpwd; nkk;gLfpwJ.
l cur; r pf; f dk; Vw; g l; L / cur; b ryit Fiwj; J kfNiy
mjpfhpf;fpwJ.
l Rw;Wr]NHy; khRgLtJ jLf;fg] gLfpwJ.
kyh] - 2 32 ,jH;; - 9
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010
ePh] nrkpg]gpd; mtrpaj;ij jpUts;Sth] gpd;tUk; jpUf;FwspYk;
bjspt[gLj;jpa[s;shh].
"VhpDk; ed;whk; vU ,Ljy; - fl;lgpd;
ePhpDk; ed;wjd; fhg]g["
mjhtJ cGtij tpl rpwe;jJ vUtpLjyhFk;. ePh] tpLtij tpl
ePiu nrkpg]gJ mtrpak; vd;W Twpa[s;shh].
kiHePh] nrkpg] g pw; F k; kz; tsk; ghJfhg] g pw; F k; g[ " ; i r
epy';fSf;F xnu jPh]t[ gz;izf;Fl;il mikg]gnj MFk;. nkYk;/
gz;izf;Fl;ilahdJ bts;s nrjj;ijf; Fiwf;ft[k;/ twl;rpia
rkhspf;ft[k; tHpnfhYk;. ,J "xU fy;ypy; xU bfhj;J kh';fha;"
nghd;wjhFk;.
gz;izf;Fl;il vt;thW mikg]gJ?
xU Vf;fh] epyj;jpy; Fiwe;jJ 1 brd;l; gug]gstpy; (8kP. X 5 kP.
(my;yJ) 10 kP. X 4 kP. (my;yJ) 20 kP. X 2 kP.) 1.5 kPl;lh] MHj;jpw;F btl;l
ntz;Lk;. rkkhd epy';fspy; rhiy trjp ,Ug]gpd; rhiy Xu';fspnyh/
my;yJ taypd; eLtpnyh btl;lyhk;. nyrhd rhpt[ cs;s epy';fspy;
jhH;thd gFjpia mwpe;J btl;l ntz;Lk;. btl;o vLf;Fk; kz;zpy;
bgUk; gFjpia tay; gug]gpid gyg]gLj;jt[k;/ Rw;wp miz fl;lt[k;/
kpFjpia njitg]gLk; ,l';fspy; taiy rkg]gLj;jt[k; gad;gLj;jyhk;.
xU brd;l; gug]gstpy; mikf;fg]gLk; vUf;FHpapd; bfhs;sst[ 60 fd
kPl;lh] mjhtJ 60/000 ypl;lh] MFk;.
,jid Fiwe;j brytpy; mikf;f etPd ,ae;jpu';fis (n$.rp.gp
bghf;iyd;) gad;gLj;jyhk;. ,jid mikf;f +. 2000 tiu brythFk;.
epykhdJ <ug]gjk; Fiwthd epiyapy; kiHbgWk; nghJ
50 kp.kPl; l h; mjhtJ 2 m'; F yk; kiHapidj; jhnd vspjpy;
cwp";rpf;bfhs;Sk;. mjw;Fk; nkyhf kiH bga;jhy; xU Vf;fh] gug]gstpy;
kz; fz;lk; eide;j gpwF tHpe;njhLk; 15 kp.kPl;lh] kiH ePiu xU
jlitapy; bfhs;Sk;. kz;zpd; jd;ik nfw;g FHpahdJ xnu ehspy;
bfhs;Sk; jlitfs; xd;Wf;F nky; Mfyhk;.
kyh] - 2 25 ,jH;; - 9
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010 cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010

khjphp gz;izf; Fl;ilapd; mst[fs; kz; nrfhpf;Fk; Kiw

rkkhd epy';fSf;F l kz; khjphp vLf;f ntz;oa ,lj;jpy; ,iy/ rUF/ g[y;/ g{z;L
Mfpaitfis mg;g[wg]gLj;j ntz;Lk;.
l kz; khjphp vLf;f 'V' nghd;w totk; tUkhW btl;o FHpapd; Xukhf
(m) (m)
nkypUe;J fPHhf xnu rPuhf 2 br. kP. fdj;jpw;F kz;iz Ruz;o
vLj;J nrfhpf;ft[k;.
6kP. X 6.6 kP. X 1.5 kP. 8kP. X 5 kP. X 1.5 kP. 10 kP. X 4 kP. X 1.5 kP. l ,nj nghy; 10 ,l';fspy; kz; nrfhpj;J gpsh!;of; fhfpjj;jpy;
* rhpthd epy';fspy; - rhptpw;F FWf;fhf ,Ujpir rhpt[ cs;s epy';fspy; bfhl; o fye; J kz; z py; ,Uf; F k; fy; / nth; / jz; L fs; /
Kjypatw;iw mg;g[wg]gLj;jp epHypy; cyh]j;jt[k;.
l cyh]e;j kz;iz ed;whff; fye;J ehd;F ghfkhfg] gphpj;J vjph]
ghf';fis nrh]j;J ,uz;L ghfkhf;fp xU gFjpia kWgoa[k; ehd;F
ghfkhfg] gphpj;J vjph] ghf';fis nrh]j;J xd;iw ePf;fp xd;iw
kPz;Lk; nky; TwpathW xJf;fp Rkhh] ½ fpnyh kz;khjphp
20 kP. X 2 kP. X 1.5 kP.
15kP. X 2 kP. X 1.5 kP. + 5 kP. X 2 kP. X 1.5 kP. nrfhpf;ft[k;.

khjk; thhpahf kiH bgWk; mst[ kw;Wk; kiH ehl;fs; gaph]fSf;F Vw;g kz;khjphp vLg]gJ mtrpak;
l bey;/ nfH;tuF/ fliy nghd;w ry;yp nth; gaph]fSf;F kz;
kiH xt;bthU khjj;jpYk; bga;a[k; tpjk; cjhuzj;jpw;F flY}h]
khjphpfs; 15 br. kP. MHj;jpy; vLf;f ntz;Lk;.
khtl;lj;jpy; 20 Mz;Lfs; bga;j kiHia Ma;t[ bra;J gpd;tUkhW
l gUj;jp/ fUk;g[ nghd;w Mzpnth] gaph]fSf;F kz; khjphpfs;
ml;ltizaplg]gLfpwJ.
22 br. kP. MHj;jpy; vLf;f ntz;Lk;.
1. khjk; thhpahf flY}h] khtl;lj;jpd; ruhrhp kiH mst[ (kp.kP)
l bjd;id kw;Wk; gHj; njhl;l ku';fSf;F kz; khjphpfs; 30/60/90/
(milg]g[f;Fwpf;Fs; ruhrhp kiH ehl;fs;) br.kP. MHj;jpy; \d;W kz; khjphpfs; vLf;f ntz;Lk;.
kz; khjphpfSld; fPH;f;fz;l tpgu';fis xU jhspy; vGjp
$dthp 19.4 (2.7) $%iy 67.0 (6.0) ,izj;J kz; ghpnrhjidf;F mDg]g ntz;Lk;.
gpg]uthp 47.0 (2.5) Mf!;l; 84.0 (8.0) l tptrhapfs; bgah] kw;Wk; tpyhrk;
khh]r; 1.6 (0.3) brg]lk;gh] 98.0 (8.0) l epyj;jpd; FwpaPL my;yJ rh]nt vz;.
Vg]uy; 23.0 (1.5) mf;nlhgh] 200.0 (15.0) l ghrd trjp
nk 40.0 (2.5) etk;gh] 283.0 (15.0) l gaphpl;l Kd; gaph]
$^d; 69.0 (4.5) ork;gh] 270.0 (10.0) l gaphpl cs;s mLj;j gaph]
Mf bkhj;jk; 1202.0 (76.0) l gaphpLk; gUtk;

kyh] - 2 26 ,jH;; - 9 kyh] - 2 31 ,jH;; - 9

cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010
fhh]gd; (C)/ gpuhztha[ (O) kw;Wk; iQl;u$d; (H) fhw;wpypUe;Jk;/
ePhpypUe;Jk;/ epyj;jpypUe;Jk; fpilf;fpd;wd. ,tw;wpd; tpfpjk; Fiwe;jhy;
gaph]fspd; Kisg]g[j;jpwd; Fiwa[k;.
nkw;fz;l gaph]fSf;Fj; njitahd Cl;lr]rj;Jf;fs; midj;Jk;
kz;zpy; cs;sjh>/ kz;zpy; ,Ue;Jk; gaph]fSf;Ff; fpilf;Fk; epiyapy;
cs;sjh?, gaph]fSf;Ff; fpilf;Fk; epiyapy; ,Ue;jhYk; gaph]fSf;Fj;
njitahd mst[ ,Uf;fpd;wjh> njit Fiwthf fhzg]god; ,d;Dk;
vt;tst[ Cl;lr]rj;Jf;fs; ve;j tifapy; gaph]fSf;F ,l ntz;Lk;>/ ,l;l
cu';fs; gaph]fs; vLj;Jf; bfhs;sf;Toa epiyapy; cs;sjh> vd;gij
mwpe;J bfhz;L mjd;go rhpbra;J gpwF tptrhak; bra;tJjhd;
,yhgfukhd tptrhaj;bjhHpy;.
ehk; ek; cliy mt;tg]nghJ ghpnrhjid bra;J bfhs;tJ
nghynt ekf;F cztspf;Fk; epyj;jpida[k; ghpnrhjid bra;a
ntz;Lk;.
kz; ghpnrhjidapd; ed;ikfs;
1. kz;zpd; jd;ikia mwpa KofpwJ.
2. kz;zpy; gaph]fSf;Fj; njitahd Cl;lr]rj;Jf;fs; cs;sdth>
vt;tst[ cs;sJ>ve;j epiyapy; cs;sJ>vd;gij mwpa KofpwJ.
3. kz;qf;F tsk; bfhLf;f ,aw;if cu';fs;/ kz;ts Cf;fpfs;
njitah> vt;tst[ njitg]gLfpwJ vd;gij kz; ghpnrhjid
\yk; bjhpe;J bfhs;fpnwhk;.
4. gaph]fSf;Fj; njitahd rkr]rPh] Cl;lr] rj;Jf;fis rpf;fdkhf
,lt[k;/ ,LbghUs; brytpidf; Fiwf;ft[k; KofpwJ.
5. kz;zpd; mkpy fhuj;jd;ik bjhpe;J mij rhp bra;a ntz;oa
bghUs;fis ,l KofpwJ.
kz; khjphp vLf;Fk; Kiwfs;
kz;thfpw;F Vw;g/ taypd; ,aw;if mikg]gpw;F Vw;g/ rhpthd/
nkL/ gs; s '; f s; / kz; z pd; e pwk; / kz; z pd; juk; / tpise; j gaph] /
tpistpf;Fk; gaph]/ ghrd ePh] ,itfisf; fUj;jpy; bfhz;L epyj;jpid
nkny Fwpg]gpl;l tiffSf;F Vw;g gphpj;J xt;bthU gFjpapYk; kz; vLf;f
ntz;Lk;. xnu khjphp vLf;f ntz;Lk;. vU ,l;l ,l';fs;/ epHy;gFjpfs;/ ePh]
XLk; gFjpfs;/ tug]g[ Xu';fs; Mfpa gFjpfspy; kz; khjphp vLf;ff; TlhJ.
kyh] - 2 30 ,jH;; - 9
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010
2. xU Mz;oy; ruhrhpahf kiH bgWk; ehl;fspd; tpfpjhr;rhuk;
10 kp.kP. f;F Fiwthf kiH bgWk; ehl;fs; 46
10 Kjy; 50 kp. kPl;lUf;Fs; kiH bgWk; ehl;fs; 23
50 Kjy; 100 kp. kPl;lUf;Fs; kiH bgWk; ehl;fs; 5
100 Kjy; 200 kp. kPl;lUf;Fs; kiH bgWk; ehl;fs; 1
200 kp.kPl;lUf;F nky; kiH bgWk; ehl;fs; 1
nkw;fz;;l tpfpjhr]rhuj;jpid Ma;t[ bra;jhy; Rkhh] 10ypUe;J 20
kiH bgWk; ehl;fspy; kl;Lnk xU Mz;oy; kiH ePh] mjpfkhf tHpe;njhl
tha;g]g[s;sJ. mJt[k; mf;nlhgh]/ etk;gh]/ ork;gh] Mfpa \d;W khjj;jpy;
jhd; vd;gJk; g[yg]gLk;.
xU g[wk; epyj;jo ePhpy;yhjjhy;/ FoePh] jl;Lg]ghL vd;w epiy/
xUg[wk; fdkiHahy; bts;sr]nrjk;/ xUg[wk; kz;fz;lj;jpy; <ug]gjk;
,y;yhjjhy; twl;rp vDk; epiyapid fhz;fpnwhk;. ,it aht[k; /
fpilf;fpd;w kiHePiu jpwk;gl nrkpj;J RHw;rp bra;;ahjJk; Kf;fpa
fhuzk; MFk;. kiHePiu nrfhpf;f Fs';fs; btl;Ljy;/ rk cau tug]g[
fl;Ljy;/ frpt[ ePh] Fl;il mikj;jy;/ mizf;fl;Ljy;/ ghj;jpfs;
mikj;jy; vDk; gy;ntwhd a[f;jpfs; cs;sd. ,Ug]gpDk; ,tw;wpy;/
kpfr]rpwe;j/ KGg]gyd; mspf;f Toa ,aw;ifapd; rthy;fis rkhspf;Fk;
vspa Kiw jhd; tay;njhWk; gz;izf;Fl;il. ,jw;F midj;J epy
clikjhuh]fspd; g';fspg]g[ mtrpakhd xd;whFk;.
fUk;g[/ thiH taypy; gz;izf;Fl;il
gz;izf;Fl;ilapid/ fUk;g[/ thiH/ Ke;jphp/ bjd;id/ gyh/
njhg]g[fspYk;/ kzpyh/ Nhpafhe;jp/ fk;g[/ kf;fhr]nrhsk;/ gUj;jp/ kpsfha;
nghd;w gaph]fis rhFgo bra;a[k; epyj;jpYk; btl;lyhk;.
gz;izf;Fl;il mikg]gjhy; epyj;jpy; tpGk; xt;bthU Jspa[k;
tHpe;njho tPzhfhky; ,Uf;f cjt[[fpwJ. vUf;FHp cs;s xt;bthU
taYk; rpwpa ePh]njf;fkhf bray;gLfpwJ. ,jdhy; epyj;jo ePh]kl;lk;
caUk;. epyj;joapy;/ cwp";rg]gLk; ePhpdhy; ku';fs;/ brobfhofs;
vspjhf caUk;. gRikg;nghh]itahy; g{kp Fsph]e;J tha[ Fsph]e;J
nkf';fs; kiH bfhLf;Fk;.
kyh] - 2 27 ,jH;; - 9
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010 cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik khh;r; 2010

“kiH ePiu njf;f epidj;jhy; njf;fyhk; kz; tsj;ij ghJfhf;f kz; ghpnrhjid \yk;
tHpah ,y;iy g{kpapy; - tHpa[s;sJ” xU';fpize;j rkr;rPh] cu eph]thfk;
mJjhd; tay;njhWk; gz;izf;Fl;il.
,jw;F nkyhf FHpapd; eLtpy; my;yJ tpspk;g[ gFjp Rw;wpYk; N. ee;jFkhh; kw;Wk; m.fhaj;hp
gFjpnfw;g ,ye;ij/ bey;yp/ kh/ gyh/ vYkpr]ir/ ghjhk;/ Ke;jphp/
rg]nghl;lh/ njf;F/ ,yt[/ fpsphprpoah/ \';fpy;/ ntk;g[/ fUnty;/ g[';fk;/ ntshz;ik mwptpay; epiyak;
br";re;jdk;/ FkpH;/ bjd;id nghd;w ku fd;Wfis njh]t[ bra;J el;L tphp";rpg[uk; - 632 104
bjhiyngrp vz; : 0416-2272221
gad; milayhk;.

,jdhy; xt;bthU taypYk; gRikg;nghh;it vspjhf tsh]e;J kz;tsk; vd;gJ gaph] tsh]r]rpf;Fj; njitahd ,d;wpaikah
gadspf;Fk;. Cl; l r] r j; J f; f s; nghJkhd mstpy; fpilf; f j; j f; f gotj; j py;
g[ d; b ra; epy gFjpapy; gz; i zf; F l; i l mikg; g jpy; ,Ug]gjhFk;. kz;zpy; m';ffg] bghUspd; mst[ mjpfstpy; ,Ue;jhy;
xU';fpize;J bray;gl tptrhapfs; xj;JiHf;f ntz;Lk;. mt;thW jhd; kz; z py; ,Lfpd; w cu'; f s; gaph] f Sf; F vspa Kiwapy;
bra;jhy;/ mjpf kiH bgWk; ehl;fspy; tHpe;njhLk; kiH ePh] (Run off) brd;wila[k;. nkYk;/ nth] tsh]r]rpf;Fj; jf;f bgsjPf Fz';fshd ey;y
nrkpg]g[k;/ mjdhy; epyj;jo ePh] kl;lk; cah]t[k;/ cWjp bra;ag]gLfpwJ. fhw;nwhl;lk;/ btl;gk;/ ePh] CLUt[k; jd;ik bfhz;ljhft[k;/ fsh] cth]
bts;sj;jpdhy; Vw;gLk; nrjKk; FiwfpwJ. twl;rp Vw;gLk; fhy';fspy; jd;ik/ er]R \yf';fs; mw;wjhft[k; ,Uf;Fk; kz; jhd; tskhd kz;
twl;rpapd; jhf;fj;ij jzpf;Fk; vspa bjhHpy;El;gk; MFk;. MFk;.
,e;j vspa “gz;izf;Fl;il” bjhHpy; El;g fUj;jpid midj;J gaph]fs; tsu 16 tif Cl;lr] rj;Jf;fs; njit
tptrhapfSk; Vw;W bray;gLj;jpdhy; tptrhapfspd; epr]rakw;w epiy
jiHr]rj;J (N)/ kzpr] rj;J (P)/ rhk;gy; rj;J (K) Mfpad Kjd;
khwp ,aw; i f rthy; f Sf; F tpilaspg] g jhf mika[ k ; vd; g jpy;
epiy rj;Jf;fs; vdg]gLk;. Kjd; epiy Cl;lr] rj;Jf;fs; gaph] tsh]r]rpf;F
Iakpy;iy.
mjpfstpy; mtrpak; njitg]gLfpwJ. ,r]rj;Jf;fs; Fiwthf ,Ue;jhy;
“ kiHj;Jsp/ kiHj;Jsp/ - caph]j;Jsp..” gaph]fspd; tsh]r]rp Fd;wp fhzg]gLk;. TLjyhf ,Ue;jhy; gaph] rha;jy;/
kpFe;j fis/ neha; kw;Wk; g{r]rp jhf;Fjy; Vw;gLfpwJ. Rz;zhk;g[ rj;J
,e;j ee;ePh] tPzhfyhkh> (Ca)/ fe;jfr]rj;J (S)/ kf;dprpak; (Mg) Mfpad ,ilepiyr; rj;Jf;fs;
vdg;gLk;. ,ilepiy Cl;lr] rj;Jf;fs; Fiwe;jst[ njitahdhYk;
1 fd kPl;lh] ePh] = 1 kP. X 1kP. X 1kP. = 1000 ypl;lh] mj;ahtrpakhdJ. Fiwe;njh my;yJ ,y;yhkypUe;jhnyh brofspd;
1 vf;lh] - brd;okPl;lh] = 1/00/000; ypl;lh] = 1 ,yl;rk; yp;l;lh] tsh;r;rpa[k; kz;zpd; jd;ika[k; Fiwa[k;.
1 vf;lh] - kPl;lh] = 100 ,yl;rk; ypl;lh] = 1 nfho ypl;lh] jhkpur] rj;J (Cu)/ kh';fdPR (Mn)/ nghuhd; (B)/ khypg]odk; (Mo)/
Fnshhpd; (Cl)/ Jj;jehfk; (Zn)/ ,Uk;g[r]rj;J (Fe) Mfpad Ez;q}l;lr]
xU Mz;oy; ruhrhp kiH 1000 kp.kP. (my;yJ) 100 br.kP. (my;yJ)
rj;Jf;fs; vdg]gLk;. Ez;q}l;lr] rj;Jf;fs; Fiwe;j mst[ njit.
1kP vdf;bfz;lhy; 1 vf;lh] epyg]gug]gpy; xU Mz;oy; xU nfho ypl;lh]
,r]rj;Jf;fs; ,y;yhky; nghdhy; g{ bfhl;Ljy;/ neha; jhf;Fjy;/ tpijapd;
kiHePh] fpilf;fpwJ.
juk; Fiwjy; Kjypa mwpFwpfs; njhd;Wk;.

kyh] - 2 28 ,jH;; - 9 kyh] - 2 29 ,jH;; - 9