TYPES OF MIRROR Concave mirror Is a converging mirror, has a reflecting surface that is

recessed inward (away from the incident light.)IT also reflect light inward to one focal point.
They are used to focus light. the image formed by the concave mirror can be small or large or
can be real or virtual. Ex. a. Headlights - the light source is placed at the focus of the mirror, so
after reflecting the light rays travel over a huge distance as parallel light beams of high intensity.
b. Astronomical telescopes - concave mirrors are also used in making astronomical telescopes. In
an astronomical telescope, a concave mirror of a diameter of 5 meters or more is used as the
objective. c. Ophthalmoscope - consist of concave mirror with the hole in the center. The doctor
focuses through the small hole from behind the concave mirror while a light beam is directed
into the pupil of the patient’s eye. this makes the retina visible and easy the doctor to check. d.
Shaving mirrors-during shaving, the concave mirror forms an enlarged and erect image of the
face when the mirror is held closer to the face. e. Solar furnaces - used to focus the sunlight to
produce heat in the solar furnace. They are also used in the solar ovens to collect a large amount
of solar energy in the focus of the concave mirror for cooking, heating etc. Convex mirror Is also
known as a diverging mirror as this mirror diverges light when they strike on its reflecting
surface. Ex. A. Traffic mirrors - it increases traffic safety both inside and outside.In streets,
alleys, minor roads, smaller lanes where blind spots are a common hazard B. Shop mirrors -
provide a very practical solution for smaller areas like shops where surveillance is required. It
gives a very good over view when placed on the wall and can provide a different angle.
C.passenger side mirror - used for cars because they give an upright image and provide a wider
field of view as they are curved outwards. D. Industrial mirror - used to optimize traffic safety
for industrial driveways where the driver has limited visibility. E. Magnifying glass - used for
making magnifying glasses. In order to make two convex mirrors are placed back to back.
TYPES OF LENSES 1. Concave lens - it is a diverging lens, meaning that it spreads out light
rays that have been refracted through it. It is also thinner at its center than at its edges, and is
used to correct short- sightedness. Ex. A. Used in glasses - used to correct myopia, the images of
faraway objects fall short of the retina. This enables the person to see far away objects more
clearly b. lens in laser – different type of scanners, medical equipment, and CD and DVD players
use laser beams. Laser beam s are highly focused, they are dispersed so that the equipment works
properly. Small concave lenses are used which widen the laser beam to sharply access a specific
area.
c. lens in cameras – improve the quality of photographs, combination of convex and concave
lens is used as a primary lens of a camera, it causes distortions in the photos, and by combining
both it eliminates the undesirable effects.
d. lens in peepholes – to minimize the proportions of the objects and gives wider view of the
object and area.
e. flashlights – used in flashlight to magnify the light produced by the source. The light rays
diverge on the other side. This increase the radius of the light source and thus provides a wider
beam.