McGraw-Hill Technology Education Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

McGraw-Hill Technology Education Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Introduction to Computers
You will learn about the

‫ أساسي‬fundamental

parts of a computer and how this

information can be applied.

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 Chapter 1A

‫مقدمة‬
Introducing Computer
Systems

McGraw-Hill Technology Education Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Introducing Computer Systems

 The Computer Defined ‫تعريف‬

 Computer Characteristics ‫مميزات‬

 Computer Development

 Computers For Individual Use ‫فرد‬

 Computers For Organizations ‫المنظمات‬

 Computers In Society ‫المجتمع‬

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 The Computer Defined
 Electronic device

 Converts data into information

Data Processing - Sorting ‫ فرز‬Retrieval ‫استرجاع‬

 Modern computers are digital

- Two digits combine ‫ دمج‬to make data

Older computers were analog ‫تناظرية‬

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- A range ‫ نطاق‬of values made data
 Data and Information
• Data is defined as the ‫ رموز‬symbols,

• raw ‫ خام‬facts ‫ حقائق‬or figures ‫ارقام‬

• that represent ‫ تركيز‬people, events ‫احداث‬,

things and ideas

• Information is data that is presented ‫ تقدم‬in

a format ‫ تنسيق‬people can understand and use
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 Data and Information

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 Computer Characteristics ‫مميزات‬

1. Quick performance. ‫اداء‬

2. Quick data input and information retrieval.

3. Ability to store data

4. Accurate results. ‫نتائج دقيقة‬

5. Reducing human role. ‫تقليص‬ ‫عمل‬

6. Communicability through computer networks

‫التواصل‬
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 ENIAC - 1946

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 Computer Development ‫تطور‬
 Increasing computer speed. ‫متزايد‬

 Decreasing computer size. ‫تناقص‬

 Decreasing computer cost.

 Enhancing result accuracy. ‫تحسين دقة النتائج‬

 Increasing storage capacity. ‫سعة‬

 Facilitating computer access ability. ‫تسهيل‬

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 Computer Development

1- First Generation(Vacuum tubes)

2- Second Generation(Transistor)

3- Third generation(Small Scale Integrated)

4- Fourth generation(Large Scale Integrated)

5- fifth generation
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 Computer Development (contd)

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 Computer Development (contd)

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 Computers

Computers are compared as to their: ‫مقارنة‬

 Speed
 Cost
 Size
 Complexity ‫تعقيده‬

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 Classification of Computers

Computers For Individual Use Computers For Organizations

‫فردي‬ ‫المنظمات‬

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 Computers For Individual Use

Computers For
Individual Use

Desktop Notebook Tablet Handheld Smart

workstations
computers computers computers computers phones

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 Computers For Individual Use (contd)

 Desktop computers
– The most common type of personal
computer ‫شائع‬
– Sits on the desk or floor
– Performs a variety of tasks
‫ينفذ‬ ‫مجموعة‬
 Workstations
– Specialized computers ‫متخصص‬
– Optimized for science or graphics ‫محسن‬
– More powerful than a desktop
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 Computers For Individual Use (contd)

 Notebook computers
– Small portable computers ‫متنقل‬
– Weighs between 3 and 8 pounds ‫يزن‬
– About 8 ½ by 11 inches
– Typically as powerful as a desktop ‫عادتا‬
– Can include a docking station ‫تتضمن‬

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 Computers For Individual Use (contd)

 Tablet computers
– Newest development
in portable
computers
– Input is through
a pen
– Run specialized
versions of office
products
‫متخصص‬

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 Computers For Individual Use (contd)

 Handheld computers
– Very small computers
– Personal Digital Assistants (PDA)
– Note taking or contact management
– Data can synchronize with a desktop ‫مزامنة‬

 Smart phones
– Hybrid of cell phone and PDA ‫هجين‬
– Web surfing, e-mail access ‫تصفح‬
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 Computers For Organizations

Computers For
Organizations

Network Mini Main Super

servers Computers Frames Computer

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 Computers For Organizations (contd)

 Network servers
– Centralized computer ‫مركزية‬
– All other computers connect
– Provides access to network resources ‫تتيح‬
– Multiple servers are called server farms ‫تعدد‬
– Often simply a powerful desktop

 A server serves the computers on a

network by supplying them with data ‫امداده‬
1A-22  A client requests data from a server ‫يطلب‬
 Computers For Organizations (contd)

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 Computers For Organizations (contd)

 Mainframes
– Used in large
organizations

– Handle thousands (1000)

of users ‫يتعامل‬

– users need access to

shared data and programs

– Users access through a

terminal ‫الطرفية وهية موجه أوامر خاص بانظمة لينكس‬
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 Computers For Organizations (contd)

 Minicomputers
– Called midrange computers ‫المدى المتوسط‬
– Power between mainframe and desktop
– Handle (100) hundreds of users
– Used in smaller organizations
– Users access through a terminal

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 Computers For Organizations (contd)

 Supercomputers
– The most powerful
computers made

– Handle large and

complex calculations
‫عمليات حسابية‬

– Process trillions of
operations per second

– Found in research
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organizations
 Computers In Society

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 Computers In Society (contd)

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 Computers In Society (contd)

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 Computers In Society (contd)

 More impact than any other invention

– Changed work and leisure activities
– Used by all demographic groups

 Computers are important because:

– Provide information to users
– Information is critical to our society
– Managing information is difficult
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 Computers In Society (contd)

Computes at Computers
home in industry
Computers
in
Computers
education
in
Computers government
in small Computers
business in health
care

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 Computers In Society (contd)

 Computers at home

– Many homes have multiple computers

– Most American homes have Internet

– Computers are used for

• Business
• Entertainment
• Communication
• Education
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 Computers In Society (contd)

 Computers in education
– Computer literacy required at all levels

 Computers in small business

– Makes businesses more profitable
– Allows owners to manage

 Computers in industry
– Computers are used to design products
– Assembly lines are automated
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 Computers In Society (contd)

 Computers in government

– Necessary to track data for population

• Police officers

• Tax calculation and collection

– Governments were the first computer

users

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 Computers In Society (contd)

 Computers in health care

– Revolutionized health care

– New treatments possible

– Scheduling of patients has improved

– Delivery of medicine is safer

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 Chapter 1A
 What is a computer?

 What are the different types of computers?

 What are the common characteristics of

computer?

What types of computers can be classified as

computers for organizations ?
What is so special about a mainframe
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computer?
 Chapter 1A
• What is another name for a midrange
computer?

• What is another name for a desktop

computer?

• What is the most common use for home

computers?

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 Chapter 1A
• What are the advantages of using
computers?

• What are some examples of computer

applications in society?

• What is a Network servers?

• What are the categories of computers?

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 Chapter 1A
• How powerful is a supercomputer?

• Explain the difference between Desktop

Computers and workstations.

• What is the most popular use for home

computer?

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 Chapter 1A
• TRUE/FALSE
• Digital computers break data into numbers and
characters. F

• A PC is designed for use by a single person. T

• A server is a large computer serving many users at one

.T

• Notebook computers are also called laptop computers. T

• The most popular use for a home computer is e-mail. T

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 Chapter 1A

End of Chapter

Thank you for your

Attention
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