EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF HEALTH SCIENCES/UNZA

FINAL EXAMINATIONS FOR DIPLOMA IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

FOR
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH TECHNOLOGISTS

MIZ 332: MEAT INSPECTION AND ZOONOSIS III

DATE: 5 JUNE, 2016

TIME: 9:00 – 12:00 HOURS

Candidate’s Examination Number: …………………………………………………………………………………………………

Candidate’s NRC N umber: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Examination Centre:……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

1. Check that you have the correct examination paper in front of you.
2. There are FOUR (4) sections in this paper, ONE, TWO, THREE and FOUR
3. Read the instructions very carefully in each section before attempting to answer.
4. All questions must be answered on the examination answer booklet provided only.
5. Write down the number of the questions that you have answered on the cover of the
examination answer booklet.
6. No books, files or mechanical aids are permitted in the examination room.
7. There are shall be no form of communication between students during the examination. Any
student caught doing this will be disqualified

CELLPHONES & PROGRAMMABLE CALCULATORS ARE NOT ALLOWED IN THE EXAMINATION ROOM

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO BY THE INVIGILATOR

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SECTION ONE-MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS:

Answer all questions in this section. All questions carry one mark (Total = 40 marks)

1. The purpose of meat inspection include among other:

A. Feedback communication with animal suppliers for appropriate action
B. Safeguarding Public Health
C. Improving international trade
D. All of the above
2. Pericarditis is a common feature in:
A. Rumenitis
B. Perforation through the rumen to the heart
C. Peritonitis
D. Endocarditis
3. Which one is a not a benefit of acute inflammation:
A. Dilution of toxins
B. Mobilization of protective antibodies
C. Fibrin formation
D. Healing by fibrosis
4. A carcass is conditionally approved if affected by:
A. Rabies
B. TB
C. Anthrax
D. Metritis with fever
5. An animal cannot be delayed for slaughter if it:
A. Stressed
B. Shows signs of fatigue
C. Was recently treated will antibiotics
D. Has pelvic fractures
6. During AM, an “arched back” can be a sign of:
A. Anarsaca
B. Tickborne infection
C. Peritonitis
D. Emphysema
7. Which of the following is responsible for poor body condition and weight loss in most lower floodplains
of Zambia and cause for organ condemnation
A. Bovine TB
B. Fascioliasis
C. Lead poisoning
D. CBPP
8. The following are the objectives of ante-mortem inspection except:
A. Screening all animals destined for slaughter
B. Identifying and excluding sick animals
C. Ensuring animals are rested properly
D. Treatment of sick animals
9. Abnormalities in respiration involve the following except
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 A. Increased breathing rate
B. Open mouth breathing
C. Hyperthermia
D. Frothing
10. Which of the following is not a characteristic of generalised condition
A. Generalized inflammation of lymph nodes
B. Inflammation of joints
C. Lesions in different organs including liver, spleen kidneys and heart
D. Skin abscess
11. A classic example of an organ where secondary lesions can occur is the
A. Brain
B. Skin
C. Mouth
D. Esophagus
12. The following may lead to whole carcass condemnation except:
A. Leanness
B. Extensive haemorrhages
C. Extensive contamination
D. Decomposition
13. Which of the following is a palpable lymph node in cattle during ante-mortem inspection
A. Mandibular lymph node
B. Retropharyngel lymph node
C. Bronchial lymph node
D. Hepatic lymph node
14. During AM, a vague history of reduced milk production in dairy animals can be associated with:
A. Nephritis
B. Mastitis
C. Metritis
D. All of the above
15. Professional and technical knowledge during ante-mortem inspection utilizes among them:
A. Incision, palpation, records and olfaction
B. Palpation, olfaction, records and vision
C. Incision, observation, palpation and records
D. Olfaction, vision, incision and observation
16. The following are associated with nephritis except:
A. Frequent urination
B. Weight loss
C. Hyperthermia
D. Ammoniac odour
17. Which of the following zoonotic conditions mainly causes outbreaks in the dry-hot season in many parts
of Zambia
A. Bovine Tuberculosis
B. Brucellosis
C. Anthrax
D. Rabies
18. Leaness in cattle may not always result in carcass condemnation because:
A. The animal is physiological normal

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 B. It’s a function of high producing animals
C. Its organs are grossly normal
D. All of the above
19. Generalized edema may be associated with:
A. Severe malnutrition
B. Recumbency
C. Lymphatic drainage obstruction of an organ
D. Allergic reactions
20. During dressing, all are possible sources of contamination except:
A. Internal surface of the skin
B. GIT contents
C. External surface of the skin
D. Implements used
21. “Wear and tear” form of pigmentation seen in order animals is associated with:
A. Myocardial lipofuscinosis
B. Melanoma
C. Melanosis
D. Congenital porphyria
22. Concurrent inspection of the sclera, liver and connective tissue is cardinal for:
A. Differentiating icterus from normal fats of animals
B. Routine AM inspection
C. Smelling some drug residues
D. Grading of the carcass
23. A puffy and crepitant feeling of the lungs in cattle is indicative of:
A. Pleuritis
B. Emphysema
C. Pulmonary oedema
D. Bovine TB
24. The palpable lymph nodes during Ante-mortem include;
A. Parotid and retropharyngeal
B. Retropharyngeal and mediastinal
C. Mandibular and prescapular
D. Bronchial and mandibular lymph
25. Bluish, black and irregular depressed surfaces of the liver are indicative of:
A. Poor handling of the liver during separation
B. Fascioliasis
C. Telangiectasis
D. None of the above
26. A slight sexual odour in a carcass may result:
A. Total condemnation
B. Limited distribution due to consumer’s taste
C. Food poisoning
D. Poor preservation
27. During AM, temperature recording is
A. Not necessary
B. Cardinal to correlate with other findings for appropriate decision making
C. Done all animals destined for slaughter

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 D. A standard procedure

28. PM inspection may involve all except:

A. Determining the significance of the lesions into primary and secondary lesions
B. Cordinating AM and PM findings
C. Ascertain whether the condition is localized or generalized
D. Prevent floor contamination with reportable diseases by excluding sick animals
29. Chronic conditions are characterized by:
A. Enlarged hemorrhagic lymph nodes
B. Adhesions and fibrotic tissues
C. Involvement of many different many organs
D. None of the above
30. Animals with traumatic reticulo-pericarditis must be:
A. Slaughtered as soon as possible for humane reasons
B. Have the whole carcass condemned if accompanied by febrile signs
C. The affected organs must be condemned no generalized signs
D. All of the above
31. A generalized condition is marked by the following except:
A. Generalized lymphadenopathy
B. inflammation of several joints
C. Restriction of the causative agent to an organ
D. Presence of some lesions in many parts of the carcass
32. In anthracosis
A. Tissues and associated lymph nodes appear black
B. Affected organs have a yellow discoloration
C. Mainlyoccurs in urban areas
D. A and C only
33. Calcification:
A. Can be observed in parasitic infections
B. Can be due to excessive dietary supplementation with Vit D
C. Can be seen in chronic infections
D. All of the above
34. A yellowish round ended liver dimples on when pressured is characteristic of:
A. Fatty infiltration
B. Fatty degeneration
C. Cloudy swelling
D. Ketosis
35. The following is true about immature animals:
A. Prohibited for human consumption in Zambia
B. Has high protein content
C. Has less water content
D. Muscles are well developed
36. An example of chronic inflammation
A. Serous inflammation
B. Granulomatous inflammation
C. Fibrinous inflammation
D. Suppurative (Purulent) inflammation

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 37. Arterial thrombi
A. Arise at the site of endothelial injury
B. Grow in a retrograde fashion
C. Has firm attachment
D. Grow in the direction of blood flow
38. The systemic effects of inflammations are as follows excluding
A. Fever
B. Endocrine & metabolic responses
C. Autonomic responses
D. Hyperthermia
39. Peritonitis maybe due to:
A. Perforation/rupture of or leakage from other infected viscera
B. Perforating wounds of the abdominal wall (e.g, dog bites)
C. Ruminal stasis
D. A and B only
40. In Zambia:
A. Its unlawful to slaughter pregnant animals
B. The rural community are at risk of food borne infections due to poor meat inspection
C. Mostly traditionally supplied animals are used for value added beef products like mince
D. All of the above

SECTION TWO: Answer all questions in this section. Each question carry 1 mark (Total = 10 marks)
1. Only apparently health animals are passed during meat inspection
A. True
B. False
2. All organs and carcass portions should be kept together and correlated for inspection before they
are removed from the slaughter floor
A. True
B. False
3. Impaired outflow of blood from an organ can lead to congestion
A. True
B. False
4. Reportable animal diseases must be reported to authorities to prevent abattoir contamination
A. True
B. False
5. A localized acute disease is characterized by inflammation of different organs and generalized
reactive palpable lymph nodes
A. True
B. False
6. Suspected cases of anthrax should be disposed off by burning
A. True
B. False
7. Judgment in chronic conditions is less severe and in most cases requires trimming of the affected
organs

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 A. True
B. False
8. Uterine lacerations can result into total carcass condemnation
A. True
B. False
9. Fibrosis and varied pattern are key features of acute inflammation
A. True
B. False
10. Fatty degeneration is an irreversible process and occurs when fat accumulates in the damaged
cell
A. True
B. False

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SECTION THREE: SHORT ANSWER SECTION

Answer ALL questions only in this section. All questions carry equal marks (total marks = 30 Marks)

1. State the objectives of ante-mortem inspection (6 Marks)

2. Mention the professional and technical knowledge the meat inspector must fully utilize to pass judgment

on an animal from AM to passing the carcass (6 Marks)

3. State the common pigmentations affecting foods animals in Zambia (6 Marks)

4. Compare and contrast poorness and emaciation. Clearly state the implication of each during meat

inspection (6 Marks)

5. Briefly explain the importance of understanding the spectrum of disease in your designated locality as a

meat inspector. (6 Marks)

6. Clearly elaborate how you would differentiate between benign and malignant neoplasms during meat

inspection. List some common neoplasms affecting exotic cattle in Zambia (6 Marks)

SECTION FOUR: LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

Answer ANY TWO questions from this section. All questions carry equal marks (total marks = 20 marks)

1. Discuss the pathogenesis of icterus in cattle affected by tick borne infections. Clearly indicate the fate of such

a carcass (10 Marks)

2. Mastitis is one of the common causes for culling dairy animals in Zambia. Clearly:

a. Define mastitis (1 mark)

b. Name some bacterial causative agent of mastitis that are currently considered to be resistant to

most antibiotics (2 Marks)

c. Indicate the common ante-mortem signs you would observe in mastitis (5 Marks)

d. Discuss the judgment you would pass on such a carcass (3 Marks)

3. Discuss the mechanism of hydrothorax formation in cattle (10 Marks)

4.
a. Differentiate between acute and chronic inflammation and the significance of each during meat
inspection (6 Marks)
b. Visually contrast between transudate and exudate during meat inspection (4 Marks)