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Family & community medicine department- CM341

Descriptive epidemiology MCQs

1. Prevalence rate can be calculated by the following study
A. Cross-sectional.
B. Case report.
C. Case series.
D. RCT.
E. All the above

2. Descriptive studies, all are true, Except

A. description of the occurrence of a disease in a population
B. Is concerned with describing the general characteristics of the distribution of
disease.
C. Is usually the first stage of epidemiological investigation
D. the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states

3. the seasonal variations occur due to environmental conditions

A. periodic fluctuations
B. Short-term fluctuations
C. long-term or secular trend
D. All are true

4. Studies of the geography of disease

A. Time distributions
B. Place distribution
C. Person distribution
D. All are true

5. Place distribution could be

A. international
B. national
C. rural-urban
D. local
E. All are true

6. international - national -rural-urban –local

A. Time distributions
B. Place distribution
C. Person distribution
 D. All are true

7. cancer stomach in japan example of

A. international
B. national
C. rural-urban
D. local

8. plague in Tobruk example of

A. international
B. national
C. rural-urban
D. local

9. cardio-vascular diseases, mental illness and drug dependence are usually more
frequent in
A. urban
B. rural
C. A and B
D. None of above

10. Death rates, especially infant and maternal mortality rates, are higher for
A. urban
B. rural
C. A and B
D. None of above

11. Studies that involve individuals

A. Case report
B. cross-sectional
C. longitudinal studies
D. A, B and C

12. The most basic type of descriptive study of individuals.

A. cross-sectional
B. longitudinal studies
C. case-series
D. Case report

13. Which of the following are true about Case report, Except
A. The most basic type of descriptive study of individuals.
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B. it is a detailed report done by one or more clinicians covering the profile of single
patient
C. are most publishable unit in the medical literature
D. Studies that involve individuals

14. collections of individual case reports

A. cross-sectional
B. longitudinal studies
C. case-series
D. Case report

15. Which of the following are true about case-series, Except

A. collections of individual case reports
B. could be more than 10 case reports
C. may occur within a long period of time
D. may present clustering in time and place

16. is known as a prevalence study

A. cross-sectional
B. longitudinal studies
C. case-series
D. Case report

17. Which of the following are true about cross-sectional study, Except
A. Individuals or population (small or large)
B. Is more suitable for acute diseases.
C. known as a prevalence study
D. at one time

18. Which of the following are true about cross-sectional study, Except
A. known as a prevalence study
B. Is more suitable for chronic diseases
C. It does not provide much about the natural history and the incidence of diseases.
D. assesses both the exposure and the disease at a single point in time
E. follow-up examinations

19. Which of the following are not true about longitudinal studies?
A. It is Cross-sectional studies.
B. Observational study.
C. Not study the natural history of disease and its future outcome.
D. Identifying risk factors of disease, and for finding out incidence rate.
E. Follow-up examinations.
20. Associations between exposures and outcomes in populations rather than in
individuals.
A. Correlational studies
B. longitudinal studies
C. case-series
D. Case report

21. Which of the following are not true about descriptive epidemiology
A. giving clues for etiology
B. provides the background for planning and evaluation
C. May describe part of the natural history
D. Describe the frequency of the disease
E. explain the whole natural history of the disease

22. descriptive epidemiology

A. Do not have a comparison group
B. Does not test the hypothesis
C. Generate hypotheses about the cause of the disease.
D. Dose not explain the whole natural history of the disease
E. All of above

23. Concerning defining population as a first step in descriptive study design; all the
following are correct except one:
A. Community participation is meaningless
B. Stable population is needed for accurate study
C. It can be the whole population in a certain geographic area
D. It can be a special group or subgroup of population such as nurses
E. The concept of defined population means population at risk

24. Study of time, place and person distribution of health related events is known as:
A. Descriptive epidemiology.
B. Experimental epidemiology
C. Analytical epidemiology.
D. Clinical epidemiology
E. Interventional epidemiology.

25. Regarding the uses of descriptive epidemiology, all are true Except
A. Provides data for identifying the magnitude of the problem
B. Provides data for the pattern of the disease in the community.
C. Gives clues for etiology.
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D. Provides the background for planning and evaluation.
E. Confirms the determinants of the disease.

26. An epidemiologist wants to identify the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorders

among secondary school students, which is the best study design to be chosen?
A. Case report
B. Case control
C. Cross-sectional
D. Case series
E. Cohort study

27. Concerning disease frequency as a component of descriptive: one of the following is

not related to it.
A. Summarizing
B. studying disease pattern and trends
C. testing supposition of causal relationship
D. using descriptive study for studying frequency

28. One is wrong regarding rural-urban variation in disease distribution:

A. Caner, CVD, and mental illness usually more frequent in urban areas
B. Skin and zoonotic diseases are more frequent in rural areas
C. Maternal and infant mortality are higher for urban than rural areas
D. These variation may be due to differences in population density and social class
E. Medical care deficiencies play a role in these variation

29. An epidemiologist wants to identify the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorders

among secondary school students, which is the best study design to be chosen?
A. Cross-sectional
B. Case report
C. Case control
D. Case series
E. Cohort study

30. A doctor is required to study the incidence of silicosis in a stone cutting industry,
which study design should he choose:
A. Longitudinal
B. Cross-sectional
C. Ecological surveys
D. Case reports
E. Case series report
31. A 39-year-old man who presents with a mild sore throat, fever, malaise, and
headache is treated with penicillin for presumed streptococcal infection. He returns
after week with hypotension, fever, rash, and abdominal pain. He responds
favorably to chloramphenicol, after a diagnosis of Rocky Mountain spotted fever is
made which option explains the given example?
A. Case series report
B. Case-control study
C. Clinical trial
D. Cohort study
E. Case report

32. Prevalence measures the burden of disease in a population inclusive of old & new
cases. Prevalence of a disease can be obtained from:
A. Quasi – experimental study
B. Cross – sectional study
C. Case – control study
D. Cohort study
E. Intervention study

33. This classifies the occurrence of disease according to the variables of person, place,
and time:
A. Descriptive Epidemiology
B. Analytic Epidemiology
C. Environmental Epidemiology
D. All are true

34. Increases and decreases in the frequency of a disease or other phenomenon over a
period of several years or within a year are:
A. Secular Trends
B. Point Epidemics
C. Cyclic Trends
D. Seasonal trend