1. Group of people worked at uranium mines for 5 years.

Among them few developed

cancer due to uranium exposure. What type of association would it be?

a. Biological plausibility
b. Coherence of association
c. Temporal association
d. Spurious association.

2. When we are investigating the relationship between steroid contraceptive and breast
cancer, if the women taking these contraceptives are younger than those in comparison
group, they would be at a lower risk of breast cancer since this disease becomes
common with increasing age. The age factor in this case is called

a. Confounding factor
b. Selection bias
c. Interviewer bias
d. Berkesonian bias

3. A study is conducted to assess the relationship between the use of an over the counter
pain reliever during pregnancy and the development of NTD in offspring. Mothers
whose children have NTD and age matched controls with unaffected children are
interviewed using a standard questionnaire. The study shows that use of the pain
reliever during pregnancy increases the risk of NTD, even after adjusting for race, other
medications, family history of congenital abnormalities and serum folate level (OR=1.3,
p= 0.03). Which of the following biases is of major concern when interpreting the study
results?

a. Non-response bias
b. Recall bias
c. Observer bias
d. Confounding
e. Selection bias

4. Best study design to establish causality

a. Cross sectional study

b. Ecological study
c. Longitudinal study
d. Case control
e. Non-concurrent cohort.
5. A cohort study differs from a case control study in that:

a. Subjects are enrolled or categorized on the basis of their exposure status in a cohort
study but not in a case control study.
b. Subjects are asked about their exposure status in a cohort study but not in a case
control study.
c. Cohort studies require many years to conduct, but case-control studies do not
d. Cohort studies are conducted to investigate chronic diseases, case control studies
are conducted for infectious diseases.

6. Recall information bias is unlikely to affect cohort studies because

a. Data collection is prospective

b. Large no of subjects is usually included
c. Exposure is usually determined prior to disease occurrence
d. Actual relative risk can be determined

7. All are true regarding confounding factor except

a. It is associated with exposure under investigation

b. It is distributed equally in study and control groups
c. It is associated both with exposure and disease
d. It is related to matching in case control study

8. If a researcher wants to study precedence relationship between the exposure and

effect, which design should he prefer?

a. Descriptive survey
b. Ecological survey
c. Case series
d. Cross sectional
e. Cohort

9. A new drug with in vitro activity against HIV is tested on a population of patients with
western blot confirmed HIV infections. Out of the 200 individuals in the patient
population, 100 are chosen by lottery to receive the drug. The drug, which is tasteless, is
administered in a cup of orange juice; the other patients receive pure orange juice.
Neither the nurses, doctors, nor the patients know which patients receive the drug. At
the end of the study period, the number of CD4+ T cells is determined for all of the
subjects. This is an example of

a. Single blinded RCT

b. Case report
c. Cohort study
 d. Cross sectional study
e. Double blinded RCT

10. If a new effective treatment is initiated and other factors remain same, which of the
following is most likely to happen?

a. Incidence will not change

b. Prevalence with not change
c. Neither incidence nor prevalence will change
d. Incidence and prevalence will change

11. Improved prevention of an acute, non-fatal disease is likely to

a. Decrease the prevalence of disease

b. Increase the prevalence of the disease
c. Decrease the incidence of the disease
d. Increase the incidence of the disease

12. A group of investigators are studying the association between a fire-retardant chemical
used on furniture and ILD. They use hospital records to identify 50 people who have
been diagnosed with ILD and 50 people without ILD who are matched in age and
geographic location to those with the disease. The participant’s exposure to the
chemical is assessed by surveys and home visits. Which of the following best describes
this study design?

a. Case control
b. Cross sectional
c. Case series
d. Retrospective cohort

13. Based on the information in the 2*2 table below, which of the following expressions
represents the prevalence of disease?

a. W/(W+X)
b. [W/(W+Y)]/[X/X+Z)]
c. (W/Y)/(X/Z)
d. (W/X)/(Y/Z)
e. (W+X)/(W+X+Y+Z)
14. Follow up is not required in

a. Prospective study
b. Cross sectional study
c. Longitudinal study
d. Cohort study

15. A researcher wants to study natural history of silicosis in a population of industrial

workers. Which design is most useful?

a. Cross sectional
b. Case report
c. Case control
d. Cohort
e. Ecological

16. In a prospective study, 1500 patients were randomly selected to study the effect of a
new drug. The drug will be given for 5 years and its association with DM will be studied.
What type of study design this is

a. Case control
b. Cohort
c. RCT
d. Cross sectional

17. A total of 3500 patients with thyroid cancer are identified and surveyed by patient
interviews regarding past exposure to radiation. Which options explains the given
example?

a. Case series
b. Case control
c. Clinical trial
d. Cohort
e. Case report

18. A researcher wanted to study the time sequence to prove the concept of causality,
which study design should be preferred by the researcher
 a. Longitudinal
b. Cross sectional
c. Case report
d. Case series
e. Quasi experiment

19. A public health physician wants to study the load of HTN in Dhaka district to establish
special screening and treatment services in the mentioned are which study design is
more useful for this?

a. Cross sectional
b. Case series
c. Cohort
d. Case control
e. Experimental

20. A research group designed a study to investigate the epidemiology of syphilis. The
investigators examined per capita income and rates of syphilis in Dhaka, Chittagong,
Rajshahi and Sylhet. Data on city wide syphilis rates was provided by each city’s health
agency. The investigators ultimately found that the number of new cases of syphilis was
higher in low income neighbourhoods. The study is best described as which of the
following?

a. Prospective cohort
b. Retrospective cohort
c. Case control
d. Ecological

21. An epidemiologist is assigned to conduct a study on 5000 people having hyperlipidemia

and those having normal lipid profile. He has to keep track of all the participants to
observe the development of stroke in these patients to confirm that hyprlipdemia
increases the risk of stroke. This study is

a. Retrospective cohort
b. Retrospective study
c. Prospective study
d. Cross sectional
e. Case series

22. A surgeon wishes to determines the different methods of pre-operative hair shaving
having effect on post-operative wound infection. Which of the following is best method
to study this for him?
 a. Cohort study
b. Cross sectional
c. Retrospective study
d. Cross over study
e. RCT

23. As part of a research project, you are trying to ascertain whether use of dummies in
infants is linked to SIDS. What is the most appropriate form of study design?

a. RCT
b. Cross over trial
c. Cross sectional
d. Case control
e. Cohort study.