You are on page 1of 7

See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/317308731

Analysis of Residual Biomass Fast Pyrolysis at Laboratory Scale: Experimental


and Numerical Evaluation of Spent Coffee Powders Energy Content

Article  in  Energy Procedia · May 2017


DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.395

CITATIONS READS

11 79

5 authors, including:

Fábio Codignole Luz Stefano Cordiner


University of Rome Tor Vergata University of Rome Tor Vergata
18 PUBLICATIONS   332 CITATIONS    148 PUBLICATIONS   1,738 CITATIONS   

SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE

Alessandro Manni Vincenzo Mulone


University of Rome Tor Vergata University of Rome Tor Vergata
31 PUBLICATIONS   282 CITATIONS    121 PUBLICATIONS   1,133 CITATIONS   

SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE

Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:

My-bus, a LIFE project View project

Grid-Connected Microgrids to Support Renewable Energy Sources Penetration View project

All content following this page was uploaded by Fábio Codignole Luz on 06 June 2017.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.


Available online at www.sciencedirect.com

ScienceDirect
Energy Procedia 105 (2017) 817 – 822

7KHWK,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ$SSOLHG(QHUJ\±,&$(

$QDO\VLVRI5HVLGXDO%LRPDVVIDVWS\URO\VLVDWODERUDWRU\
VFDOHH[SHULPHQWDODQGQXPHULFDOHYDOXDWLRQRIVSHQWFRIIHH
SRZGHUVHQHUJ\FRQWHQW
)DELR&RGLJQROH/X]D6WHIDQR&RUGLQHUD$OHVVDQGUR0DQQLD 
9LQFHQ]R0XORQHD9LWWRULR5RFFRD
D
'SWRI,QGXVWULDO(QJLQHHULQJ8QLYHUVLW\RI5RPH7RU9HUJDWD9LD'HO3ROLWHFQLFR5RPD


$EVWUDFW

7KHWKHUPRFKHPLFDOS\URO\VLVSURFHVVLVRQHRIWKHNH\LQWHUPHGLDWHSURFHVVHVWRIOH[LEO\SURGXFHHOHFWULFWKHUPDO
SRZHU RXWSXW ,Q WKLV SDSHU H[SHULPHQWDO UHVXOWVRI D VPDOO H[WHUQDOO\ KHDWHG ELRPDVV VFUHZ UHDFWRU DUHSUHVHQWHG
7KLVSDSHUDLPVDWYDOLGDWLQJD''$(0PRGHOZLWKH[SHULPHQWDOGDWDFROOHFWHGE\YDU\LQJPD[LPXPWHPSHUDWXUH
LQIDVWS\URO\VLVFRQGLWLRQV7KHH[SHULPHQWDOV\VWHPKHUHXVHGIRUWKHVSHQWFRIIHHFRQYHUVLRQKDVEHHQVSHFLILFDOO\
GHVLJQHGIRUDOORWKHUPLFSURFHVVHVDOORZLQJIRUFRQWUROOLQJKHDWLQJDQGPDVV IORZUDWHV $FRPSDULVRQZLWKSHOOHW
KDVEHHQSHUIRUPHGWRUHIHUWKHREVHUYHG\LHOGVWROLWHUDWXUHDYDLODEOHGDWD7KHLPSOHPHQWHGIRXUSDUDOOHOUHDFWLRQ
IUDPHZRUNFRXSOHGZLWKD'$(0PRGHOLVDEOHWRJLYHUHVXOWVLQYHU\JRRGDJUHHPHQWZLWKWKHELRRLOH[SHULPHQWDO
GDWD \LHOGV VKRZLQJ LQ DQ\ FDVH SUHGLFWLRQ HUURUV ORZHU WKDQ  7KH PD[LPXP ELRRLO SURGXFWLRQ KDV EHHQ
REVHUYHGDWƒ&ERWKIRUWKHSHOOHWDQGWKHVSHQWFRIIHHZLWK\LHOGVUHVSHFWLYHO\RIDQG

.H\ZRUGVELRPDVVIDVWS\URO\VLV'$(0VSHQWFRIIHH

,QWURGXFWLRQ

,QWKHODVWGHFDGHZDUQLQJIRUFOLPDWHFKDQJHVDQGJOREDOZDUPLQJKDVEHHQPDLQO\DWWULEXWHGWRWKH
XVH RI IRVVLO IXHOV 5HVHDUFK DFWLYLWLHV KDYH EHHQ GRQH WRZDUG WKH XWLOL]DWLRQ RI DOWHUQDWLYH VRXUFHV WR
JHQHUDWHHOHFWULF>@DQGWKHUPDOSRZHU>@WRFRSHXSZLWKWKHFRQWLQXRXVO\LQFUHDVLQJGHPDQGIRUHQHUJ\
ZLWKOLPLWHGHPLVVLRQV>@7KHGHSOR\PHQWRIUHQHZDEOHHQHUJ\WHFKQRORJLHVLVWKHUHIRUHEHOLHYHGWR
FRQWULEXWH VLJQLILFDQWO\ WR HQHUJ\ LQGHSHQGHQFH RI DOO WKH UHJLRQV LQ WKH ZRUOG DORQJ ZLWK DVVRFLDWHG
HFRQRPLFDQGHQYLURQPHQWDOEHQHILWV>@7KHPDMRUSUREOHPRIWKHXWLOL]DWLRQRIELRPDVVLVLWVEXONLQHVV
DQG QRQSUDFWLFDO VWDWH RI DJJUHJDWLRQ 0RVW IRUPV KDYH LQ IDFW ORZ HQHUJ\ YROXPHWULF FRQWHQW LQ

&RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU7HO
(PDLODGGUHVVDOHVVDQGURPDQQL#XQLURPDLW

1876-6102 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 8th International Conference on Applied Energy.
doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.395
818 Fabio Codignole Luz et al. / Energy Procedia 105 (2017) 817 – 822

FRPSDULVRQZLWKIRVVLOIXHOVDQGVXFKWKDWKDQGOLQJVWRUDJHDQGWUDQVSRUWDWLRQLVH[SHQVLYH>@2QHRI
WKH SRVVLEOH PHWKRGV LV WKH FRQYHUVLRQ RI VROLG ELRPDVV LQWR OLTXLG RU JDVHRXV SURGXFWV WKURXJK WKH
ELRFKHPLFDO DQG WKHUPRFKHPLFDO PHFKDQLVPV ,Q WKH ODVW GHFDGHV PDWKHPDWLFDO PRGHOV IRU ELRPDVV
FRQYHUVLRQ KDYH SURYHG WR EH XVHIXO WRROV WR GHVFULEH DPRQJ WKH RWKHU SURFHVVHV WKH JDVLILFDWLRQ DQG
S\URO\VLV RQHV >@ ,Q JHQHUDO WKH XVH RI H[SHULPHQWDO GDWD JDWKHUHG LQ ULJV HVSHFLDOO\ GHVLJQHG WR
KLJKOLJKWWKHIXQGDPHQWDODVSHFWVRIWKHFRQYHUVLRQPHFKDQLVPVLVDOVRNH\WRVXSSRUWGHVLJQDFWLYLWLHV
>@,Q WKLV FRQWH[W GHWDLOHG LQIRUPDWLRQ JDWKHUHG IURP VPDOOHU VFDOH H[SHULPHQWV DV VKRZQ LQ RWKHU
OLWHUDWXUH DYDLODEOH VWXGLHV >@ ZLWK IRFXV RULHQWHG WR WKH SURFHVVHV NLQHWLFV GHWHUPLQDWLRQ DUH
YDOXDEOHWRVXSSRUWWKHGHVLJQSURFHVVRIIXOOVFDOHV\VWHPV,QWKHJLYHQEDFNJURXQGWKHDLPRIWKLVSDSHU
LV WR VKRZ WKH GHWDLOV RI DQ DXJHU UHDFWRU >@ GHVLJQHG IRU IDVW S\URO\VLV SXUSRVHV DORQJ ZLWK WKH
YDOLGDWLRQRID''$(0 'LVWULEXWHG$FWLYDWLRQ(QHUJ\0RGHO QXPHULFDOPRGHO/LWHUDWXUHDYDLODEOH
VWXGLHV >@ UHSRUW RI V\VWHPV FKDUDFWHUL]HG E\ VRSKLVWLFDWHG KHDW FDUULHUV UHFLUFXODWLRQ WZLQ VFUHZV
DQG FRPSOLFDWHG DIWHUWUHDWPHQW V\VWHPV ,Q WKLV FDVH WKH GHVLJQ DLPV DW VLPSOLFLW\ UREXVWQHVV DQG ORZ
HQHUJ\FRQVXPSWLRQIRUWKHDX[LOLDULHV PRWRUVFRROLQJV\VWHP 0RUHRYHUWKHELRPDVVPRLVWXUHFRQWHQW
KDVEHHQWDNHQLQWRDFFRXQWLQWRNLQHWLFVPRGHOLQJLQIDFWLQOLWHUDWXUHLVQRWFRQVLGHUHGLQJHQHUDOEXWLW
LVLPSRUWDQWDVLWDIIHFWVWKHWKHUPDOKLVWRU\RISDUWLFOHVLQWRWKHUHDFWRU

([SHULPHQWDOVHWXSDQGSURWRFRO

$XJHU S\URO\]HU KDV EHHQ LGHQWLILHG IRU LWV SRWHQWLDO WR UHGXFH RSHUDWLQJ FRVWV DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK ELRRLO
SURGXFWLRQ7KHVHUHDFWRUVDUHUREXVWGRQRWUHTXLUHODUJHYROXPHVRIFDUULHUJDVHVFDQXVHDZLGHUDQJH
RIELRPDVVSDUWLFOHVVL]HVDQGDSSHDUSURPLVLQJIRUSURFHVVLQJFDSDFLWLHVEHWZHHQVPDOOWRELJVL]H7KH
ELRPDVV UHVLGHQFH WLPH LV UHODWHG WR ERWK WKH VFUHZ VSHHG HVSHFLDOO\ DV IDU DV WKH VROLG IUDFWLRQ LV
FRQFHUQHGDQGWKH1JDVIORZUDWHDVIDUDVWKHYRODWLOHYDSRUWLPLQJLVFRQFHUQHG$VLPSOHVFKHPDWLF
RIWKHGHYHORSHGUHDFWRULVUHSUHVHQWHGLQILJXUH7KHPDLQSDUWVFRPSRVLQJWKHV\VWHPDUH
x %LRPDVVIHHGHULWFRQWUROVWKHELRPDVVIORZUDWH
x 5HDFWRULWLVWKHPDLQERG\RIWKHV\VWHPZKHUHWKHS\URO\VLVSURFHVVWDNHVSODFH
x 3URGXFWUHFRYHU\V\VWHPWKLVLVZKHUHJDVDQGWDUDUHFOHDQHGDQGFRROHGWRFRQGHQVDWHWKHELRRLO
3URGXFWVFROOHFWLRQV\VWHPVZKHUHJDVOLTXLGDQGVROLGIUDFWLRQVDUHFROOHFWHGEHIRUHDQDO\VLV
7KH WHPSHUDWXUH GLVWULEXWLRQ LQVLGH WKH UHDFWRU LV D IXQGDPHQWDO DVSHFW DIIHFWLQJ WKH IDVW S\URO\VLV
SURFHVV ,Q OLWHUDWXUH WKH FRPPRQO\ XVHG WHPSHUDWXUH UDQJH LV RI ƒ & ZLWK D JDVHRXV IUDFWLRQ
UHVLGHQFHWLPHQRWJUHDWHUWKDQVHFRQGV7ZRN:UHVLVWDQFHVKDYHEHHQLQVWDOOHGWRSURYLGHWKHKHDW
DQGVXVWDLQWKHKLJKWHPSHUDWXUHLQWKHUHDFWRU7KHPD[LPXPUHDFKDEOHWHPSHUDWXUHZLWKWKHUHVLVWDQFHV
LVHTXDOWRDERXWƒ&7KHULQJUHVLVWDQFHVDUHFRQQHFWHGWRWZRGLIIHUHQWFRQWUROOHUVZLWKGLIIHUHQWVHW
SRLQWVLQRUGHUWRKDYHD ILQHUUHJXODWLRQRIWKHWHPSHUDWXUHSURILOHLQVLGHWKHUHDFWRU7KHUHDFWRUWKH
FRUHRIWKHV\VWHPZKHUHDOOUHDFWLRQVWDNHSODFHFRQVLVWVRIDWXEHZLWKDQH[WHUQDOGLDPHWHURIPP
LQWHUQDOPPDQGUHDFWLRQ]RQHRIPP7KHVFUHZPDGHRI$,6,VWDLQOHVVVWHHOMXVWOLNHWKH
WXEHFDUU\WKHELRPDVVSDUWLFOHVIURPWKHLQMHFWLRQSRLQWWRWKHFKDUFROOHFWRUEXFNHW



)LJ6FKHPDWLFRIWKHH[SHULPHQWDOWHVWEHQFK


Fabio Codignole Luz et al. / Energy Procedia 105 (2017) 817 – 822 819

%LRPDVVS\URO\VLVJLYHVWKUHHNLQGVRISURGXFWVFKDUFRQGHQVDEOHYDSRUVDQGJDV7KHJDVHRXVSDUWQHHG
WUHDWPHQWVEHIRUHH[WUDFWLRQDQGFROOHFWLRQ,QIDFWGXHWRWKHLULQHUWLDJDVHRXVSURGXFWVFDQWUDQVSRUWWKH
ILQHUSDUWLFOHVRIFKDU7KHILUVWURXJKILOWUDWLRQLVLQJHQHUDOGRQH>@XVLQJDF\FORQH,QWKLVZRUND
VPDOOKHDWHGILOWHUKDVEHHQXVHGWROLPLWGLPHQVLRQVUHODWHGKHDWORVVHVDQGSRVVLEOHHDUO\FRQGHQVDWLRQ
$IWHU WKH ILOWHU FKLOOHG ZDWHU DW ƒ& LV VXSSOLHG WR WKUHH KHDWHU H[FKDQJHUV WR KDYH YDSRUV FRQGHQVH 
7KUHHELQVDWWKHHQGRIHDFKFRQGHQVHUFROOHFWWKHELRRLO1RQFRQGHQVDEOHJDVLVGLVSRVHGIURPWKH
FRQGHQVHUVDIUDFWLRQLVFROOHFWHGIRUDQDO\VLVZKLOHWKHOHIWSDUWLVEXUQHGLQDWRUFK
7KH S\URO\VLV SURFHVV XQGHU VHOHFWHG RSHUDWLQJ FRQGLWLRQV KDV EHHQ FDUULHG RXW E\ ILOOLQJ WKH ELRPDVV
KRSSHUXSZLWKJURXQGZRRG\SHOOHWVDQGVSHQWFRIIHH(DFKWHVWKDVEHHQGRQHZLWKDELRPDVVDPRXQW
QR OHVVHU WKDQ J ,Q SDUWLFXODU WHVWV ZHUH FDUULHG RXW ZLWK GLIIHUHQW PD[LPXP WHPSHUDWXUH
ƒ&ƒ&ƒ& KROGLQJWKH1IOX[FRQVWDQWO\HTXDOWR1OPLQ7KHLQWHUQDOWHPSHUDWXUHUDPS
KDV EHHQ PRQLWRUHG LQVLGH WKH UHDFWRU ZLWK D PRYDEOH WKHUPRFRXSOH %LRPDVV VDPSOHV KDYH EHHQ
FKDUDFWHUL]HG VHH7DEOHV E\PHDQVRIXOWLPDWH ZLWK0$&52FXEH SUR[LPDWH PHDVXULQJPRLVWXUH
OLJKW JDV DQG DVK FRQWHQW ZLWK D 7*$  DIWHU D GU\LQJ SURFHVV GRZQ WR  ZE  DQG SRO\PHULF
FRPSRQHQWVDQDO\VHV7KHSRO\PHULFDQDO\VLVKDYHEHHQSHUIRUPHGIROORZLQJWKH15(/PHWKRG>@

7DEOH6SHQW&RIIHHFKDUDFWHUL]DWLRQ

(OHPHQW 0DVV )UDFWLRQ 0DVV &RPSRQHQWV 0DVV


& “ 0RLVWXUH&FRQWHQWZE  ([WUDFWLYHV 
+ “ 9RODWLOH0DWWHUGE  +HPLFHOOXORVH 
1 “ )L[HG&DUERQGE  &HOOXORVH 
6 “ 'U\$VKGE  /LJQLQ 

7DEOH6SUXFH:RRGSHOOHWFKDUDFWHUL]DWLRQ

(OHPHQW 0DVV )UDFWLRQ 0DVV &RPSRQHQWV 0DVV


& “ 0RLVWXUH&FRQWHQWZE  ([WUDFWLYHV 
+ “ 9RODWLOH0DWWHUGE  +HPLFHOOXORVH 
1 “ )L[HG&DUERQGE  &HOOXORVH 
6 “ 'U\$VKGE  /LJQLQ 

1XPHULFDODQDO\VLVPRGHOGHVFULSWLRQDQGPDLQDVVXPSWLRQV

,Q RUGHU WR SUHGLFW WKH SURGXFWV \LHOGV ELRPDVV IHHGVWRFN LV XVXDOO\ GLYLGHG LQWR WKUHH PDLQ SRO\PHULF
FRPSRQHQWV QDPHO\ FHOOXORVH KHPLFHOOXORVH DQG OLJQLQ >@ WDNLQJ DOVR LQWR DFFRXQW WKHLU DFWLYDWLRQ
HQHUJ\,QFRQWUDVWWRFRQYHQWLRQDO$UUKHQLXVNLQHWLFVD'($0DSSURDFKKDVEHHQXVHG HT >@7KLV
PRGHO LV EDVHG RQ WKH GHVFULSWLRQ RI DQ LQILQLWH QXPEHU RI LUUHYHUVLEOH ILUVW RUGHU LQGHSHQGHQW SDUDOOHO
UHDFWLRQVZLWKDFWLYDWLRQHQHUJLHVGLVWULEXWHGRYHUDUDQJHDFFRUGLQJWRDFRQWLQXRXVGLVWULEXWLRQIXQFWLRQ
I ( ZKLFKPD\EH*DXVVLDQRU/RJLVWLFGHSHQGLQJRQWKHELRPDVVFRPSOH[LW\,QWKLVFDVHD*DXVVLDQ
GLVWULEXWLRQKDVEHHQFKRVHQ HT 

  

   

:KHUH((7DQGıDUHUHVSHFWLYHO\WKHDFWLYDWLRQHQHUJ\WKHFHQWUDOYDOXHLQWKH*DXVVLDQGLVWULEXWLRQ
WKHVWDQGDUGGHYLDWLRQDQGWKHELRPDVVWHPSHUDWXUH $FFRUGLQJ WROLWHUDWXUH>@LQ )LJXUHDQGLQ


820 Fabio Codignole Luz et al. / Energy Procedia 105 (2017) 817 – 822

7DEOH  UHVSHFWLYHO\ D VFKHPDWLF UHSUHVHQWDWLRQ RI WKH SURSRVHG PRGHO DQG WKH UHODWHG FRQVWDQWV DUH
UHSRUWHG


)LJ0RGHONLQHWLFVFKHPH

7DEOH0RGHONLQHWLFFRQVWDQWV

&RPSRQHQWV 5HDFWLRQ $ V  ( -PRO  ı -PRO 


 
.& Â  Â  
&HOOXORVH .& Â Â Â(
.& Â Â Â(
.+ Â Â 
+HPLFHOOXORVH .+ Â Â Â(
.+ Â Â Â(
./ Â Â 
/LJQLQ ./ Â Â Â(
./ Â Â Â(
7DU . Â Â 
0RLVWXUH .  Â Â 

$QDO\VLVRIUHVXOWV

5HVXOWVRIS\URO\VLVUXQVHYDOXDWHGDWWKHWHPSHUDWXUHVRIƒ&ƒ&DQGƒ&DUHUHSRUWHGLQWKH
IROORZLQJ WDEOH IRU ERWK WKH VSUXFH ZRRG SHOOHW DQG WKH VSHQW FRIIHH ,W LV ZRUWK KLJKOLJKWLQJ WKDW WKH
PD[LPXPFRQYHUVLRQ\LHOGLQWKHELRRLOLVREWDLQHGDWWKHWHPSHUDWXUHRIƒ&ZLWKORZHUYDOXHVERWK
IRU ƒ& DQG ƒ& DV LW LV DOVR ZLGHO\ UHSRUWHG LQ OLWHUDWXUH >@ ,Q IDFW DW ORZHU RSHUDWLQJ
WHPSHUDWXUH WKH ORZHU \LHOG LV GXH WR WKH LQFRPSOHWHQHVV RI WKH ILUVW VWHS RI UHDFWLRQV ZKLOH DW KLJKHU
RQHVLW VXIIHUV IURPWKHVHFRQGDU\S\URO\VLVWKXVLPSURYLQJ LQWXUQWKHJDV \LHOGDWWKHH[SHQVHRIWKH
ELRRLOSURGXFWLRQ7KHRYHUDOORLOSURGXFWLRQLVDOVRLQOLQHZLWKOLWHUDWXUH>@ERWKIRUWKHSHOOHWDQG
IRUWKHVSHQWFRIIHH7RSUHVHUYHDJRRGHQHUJ\EDODQFHDKLJKHUFRQGHQVHUWHPSHUDWXUHKDVEHHQXVHG
OHDGLQJWRDPLQLPXPJDVWHPSHUDWXUHRIƒ&

7DEOH([SHULPHQWDO\LHOGV

%LRPDVV 7 2LO *DV &KDU


3ƒ&   
3ƒ&   
3ƒ&   
6&ƒ&   
6&ƒ&   
6&ƒ&   

,Q)LJXUHDYHUDJHWHPSHUDWXUHVSURILOHPHDVXUHGLQVLGHWKHUHDFWRUDUHUHSRUWHG7KHVHSURILOHVKDYH
EHHQLPSOHPHQWHGLQWKH'$(0PRGHOWKURXJKDVSOLQHZLWKQRDGGLWLRQDOKHDWWUDQVIHUVXEPRGHO7KH


Fabio Codignole Luz et al. / Energy Procedia 105 (2017) 817 – 822 821

QXPHULFDOUHVXOWVUHSRUWHGLQ)LJXUHV FRQWLQXRXVOLQHV DSSHDUVLQJRRGDJUHHPHQWZLWKWKH


H[SHULPHQWDORQHV GDVKOLQHV 7KHWUHQGVVKRZVWKHFRQWULEXWLRQRIWKHSULPDU\DQGVHFRQGDU\UHDFWLRQV
VORSHYDULDWLRQV DVZHOODVWKHLPSRUWDQFHRIWKH'$(0PRGHO7KHODVWDIIHFWVWKHS\URO\VLVVWDUWLQJ
WHPSHUDWXUHDQGSURGXFHVRIWHUVORSHVLIFRPSDUHGWRDVLPSOH$UUKHQLXVNLQHWLF



)LJ$YHUDJHH[SHULPHQWDO7HPSHUDWXUHSURILOHV



)LJƒ&1XPHULFDOUHVXOWV3HOOHWDQG6SHQW&RIIHH


)LJƒ&1XPHULFDOUHVXOWV3HOOHWDQG6SHQW&RIIHH


)LJƒ&1XPHULFDOUHVXOWV3HOOHWDQG6SHQW&RIIHH


822 Fabio Codignole Luz et al. / Energy Procedia 105 (2017) 817 – 822

&RQFOXVLRQV
$QH[SHULPHQWDOVHWXSDQGD'PRGHOKDVEHHQSUHVHQWHGLQWKLVSDSHUWRGHVFULEHWKHEHKDYLRURID
VPDOOVFDOHVFUHZS\URO\]HU7KHH[SHULPHQWVKDYHEHHQDLPHGDWKLJKOLJKWLQJWKHPDLQGLIIHUHQW\LHOGV
RFFXUULQJE\YDU\LQJUHDFWRUWHPSHUDWXUHZLWKGLIIHUHQWELRPDVVIHHGV3HOOHW\LHOGVKDYHEHHQFRQVLGHUHG
DVUHIHUHQFHYDOXHVDVFRQVLGHUHGLQWKHOLWHUDWXUH$''$(0PRGHOKDVEHHQVHWXSYDOLGDWHGYVWKH
H[SHULPHQWDOGDWDWRUHSUHVHQWWKHFKHPLFDOUHDFWLRQVZLWKLQWKHUHDFWRU7KHPDLQREWDLQHGUHVXOWVDUH
‡*DVRLOFRQFHQWUDWLRQRYHUWHPSHUDWXUHDUHLQOLQHZLWKOLWHUDWXUHDYDLODEOHGDWDZLWK\LHOGVRIDQG
UHVSHFWLYHO\IRUSHOOHWDQGVSHQWFRIIHH
‡7KHSHUIRUPDQFHSDUDPHWHUVWHVWLI\DJRRGDGDSWLYHFDSDELOLWLHVRIWKHV\VWHPZLWKGLIIHUHQWIHHGVWRFNV
‡7KHIRXUUHDFWLRQ'$(0PRGHODOORZVIRUKDYLQJUHOLDEOHUHVXOWVLIFRPSDUHGZLWKH[SHULPHQWDOGDWDE\
YDU\LQJDYHUDJHWHPSHUDWXUHLQWKHUHDFWRUDQGIHHGVWRFN
)XUWKHUGHYHORSPHQWVZLOOEHDERXWWKHPRLVWXUHFRQWULEXWLRQLQGLIIHUHQWFRQGLWLRQ KLJKHUWHPSHUDWXUHV
DQGORZHUKHDWLQJUDWHV 7KHZKROHNLQHWLFPHFKDQLVPZLOOEHLQFOXGHGLQD'&)''(0VLPXODWLRQ

5HIHUHQFHV
>@&RUGLQHUHWDO  $SSOLHG7KHUPDO(QJLQHHULQJ  
>@&RUGLQHUHWDO  $SSOLHGHQHUJ\
>@<DQ-HWDO  $SSOLHG(QHUJ\
>@<DQ-HWDO$SSOLHG(QHUJ\
>@%KDWWDFKDU\D0LWDHWDO  $SSOLHG(QHUJ\
>@/LP&+HWDO  $SSOLHG(QHUJ\
>@%DUXDK'HWDO  5HQHZDEOHDQG6XVWDLQDEOH(QHUJ\5HYLHZV
>@6KDUPD$HWDO  5HQHZDEOHDQG6XVWDLQDEOH(QHUJ\5HYLHZV
>@&RUGLQHU6HWDO  (QHUJ\3URFHGLD
>@&RUGLQHU6HWDO  ,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORI1XPHULFDO0HWKRGVIRU+HDW )OXLG)ORZ  
>@&KHQ+HWDO  )XHO
>@%DJJLR3HWDO  (QHUJ\&RQYHUVLRQDQG0DQDJHPHQW  
>@-RKDQVHQHWDO  $SSOLHG(QHUJ\
>@)LRUL/HWDO  %LRUHVRXUFHWHFKQRORJ\  
>@%URZQ-1DQG5&%URZQ%LRUHVRXUFHWHFKQRORJ\  
>@+HQULFK(HWDO)XHO3URFHVVLQJ7HFKQRORJ\  
>@.HONDU6KDQWDQXHWDO)XHO3URFHVVLQJ7HFKQRORJ\  
>@%ULGJZDWHU$9-RXUQDORIDQDO\WLFDODQGDSSOLHGS\URO\VLV  
>@KWWSZZZQUHOJRYELRHQHUJ\ELRPDVVFRPSRVLWLRQDODQDO\VLVKWPO
>@0LOOHU5LFKDUG6DQG-%HOODQ&RPEXVWLRQVFLHQFHDQGWHFKQRORJ\  
>@&DL-XQPHQJHWDO5HQHZDEOHDQG6XVWDLQDEOH(QHUJ\5HYLHZV  
>@$UDPLGHK6RURXVKHWDO)XHO  
>@;LRQJ4LQJDQJHWDO-RXUQDORI$QDO\WLFDODQG$SSOLHG3\URO\VLV  


%LRJUDSK\
$OHVVDQGUR0DQQLZDVERUQLQ)URVLQRQH,WDO\RQ6HSWHPEHU+HJUDGXDWHGLQ
(QHUJ\ (QJLQHHULQJ IURP WKH 8QLYHUVLW\ RI 5RPH 7RU 9HUJDWD +H LV FXUUHQWO\ D 3K'
VWXGHQW LQ WKH VDPH XQLYHUVLW\ DW WKH GHSDUWPHQW RI ,QGXVWULDO (QJLQHHULQJ +LV VSHFLDO
ILHOGVRILQWHUHVWDUHELRPDVVWKHUPRFKHPLFDOFRQYHUVLRQSURFHVVHV


View publication stats

You might also like