Tom Ato’s New Crop

By Rory O’Brien, Aiden Wright and Lucas McNamee

Vocab
Genotype- the genetic constitution of an individual organism.
Phenotype- the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of
its genotype with the environment.

Punnett square- a square diagram that is used to predict the genotypes of a particular cross or
breeding experiment.
 Vocab Pt 2

Dominant Trait- phenomenon of one variant of a gene on a chromosome masking or overriding the effect of a
different variant of the same gene on the other copy of the chromosome.

Recessive Trait- a trait that must be contributed by both parents in order to appear in the offspring. Recessive
traits can be carried in a person's genes without appearing in that person.

Homozygous- having two identical alleles of a particular gene or genes.

Heterozygous- having two different alleles of a particular gene or genes.
Purebred- bred from members of a recognized breed, strain, or kind without admixture of other blood over many
generations.

Hybrid- an offspring of two animals or plants of different subspecies, breeds, varieties, species, or genera a hybrid of two
roses.
Prewriting and Planning
C C
N N T T
Nn Nn t Tt Tt
C CC CC n

C CC CC n Nn Nn
t Tt Tt

C= crack resistant N=nematode-resistant

(dominant)
c=no crack resistant
(recessive)
Crossing to create a
crack resistant
phenotype with two
dominant genotypes of
the crack resistant trait
n=non
Nematode-resistant
Crossing to create a
nematode-resistant tomato
with a dominant genotype
and a recessive genotype
this will create a
heterozygous genotype but
will still be nematode-
T= has the Tomato Mosaic
virus resistance
(Dominant)
t= does not have the
Tomato virus resistance
(recessive) Breeding to
create Tomato virus
resistant (dominant)
heterozygous genotypes.
Mutation: a change in genetic material meaning changes
in the DNA or chromosome.
● The reason why all offspring will not have the desired traits would be because
of a mutation in the tomato plant
● The causes of mutation are most commonly from hereditary means but in this
case none of the tomatoes carried a mutation gene so it had to be
environmental effects
● #1 Environmental mutation- Insect damage can mutate a tomato because a
insect can transmit plant diseases
● #2 Environmental mutation- cold weather can mutate a tomato because it will
decrease enzyme activity and changes in the fluidity membrane
Recommended next cross
To guarantee that the tomato will have the traits we desired we will cross the first
generation. The reasoning behind this is because the hybrid offspring created
heterozygous genotypes with the undesired traits so if we were to breed the
hybrids the outcome would have a higher chance of showing the recessive trait
which is what we don’t want.
How can Genetic Engineering provide nematode resistance
- In genetic engineering the key steps involved are identifying a trait or in this
case (nematode resistance) , isolating that trait, inserting that trait (nematode
resistance) into a desired organism, and then propagating that organism.
Understanding how to complete this process properly will result in an affective
result of a nematode resistance organism.