Dear Friends,

These formulae are useful for every competitive exam based on aptitude. For any
clarification and help you can contact me at amitgarg.maths@gmail.com
With Regards
Amit Garg
amitgarg.maths@gmail.com

Utility of These Formulae

• Basic formulae for CSAT which are very common in use.
• Handy during exam days
• Diversified applicability
• Minimum effort maximum output in limited time
• Save Calculation time hence improve speed
• No need to refer too many books for formulae.

Number System

Divisibility

a.) By 2: unit digit is even

0, 2, 4, 6, 8
b.) By 4: Last two digits should be divisible by 4.
c.) By 8: Last three digit should be divisible by 8
d.) By 5: unit digit should be either 0 or 5.
e.) By 3: Sum of digits should be multiple of 3.
f.) By 9: sums of the digits should be multiple of 9.
g.) By 11: difference of sum of odd and even digits should be either 0 or multiple of 11.
h.) By 6: divisibility by both 3 and 2.
i.) By 12: divisibility by both 4 and 3.
j.) By 14: divisibility by both 2 and 7.
k.) By 21: divisibility by both 3 and 7.
l.) By 15: divisibility by both 3 and 5.
m.) By 18: even number divisible by 9.

Factorials

Table Factorials
1 1 1!
2 2 2!

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3 6 3!
4 20 4!
5 120 5!
6 720 6!
7 5040 7!
8 40320 8!
9 362880 9!
10 3628800 10!

Factorial Values will help in calculation for permutation and combination

chapter also.

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 Factors

N=pa. qb. rc
e.g. 60=   
2 3 5
p,q, r are the prime no., a,b,c are the respective power

p a+1 − 1 qb+1− 1
Sum of the Factors = x − − − −−
p− 1 q− 1
No of a factors = (a+1) (b+1) (c+1)
1 1
Relative co-prime φN = N( 1 − )( 1 − ) − − − −
p q
(a + 1 )(b +1 )(c +1 )
Product of factors: - = N
2

Surds

1. a x a = a
2. a x b = ab
3. √  = √
4. ( )2
a + b = a + b + 2 ab

5. ( b ) = a + b − 2 ab
2
a−
6. ( a+ b )( a − b ) = a − b

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Square : remembering these value will help in saving calculation time.

Number with Power (N2) Square

112 121
122 144
132 169
142 196
152 225
162 256
172 289
182 324
192 361
202 400
212 441
222 484
232 529
242 576
252 625
262 676
272 729
282 784
292 841
302 900
312 961
322 1024

Cube of number 1 to 20 table

Number with Power N3 Cube

13 1
23 8
33 27
43 64
53 125
63 216
73 343
83 512
93 729
103 1000
113 1331
123 1728
133 2197
143 2744
153 3375

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 163 4096
173 4913
183 5832
193 6859
203 8000

Value of A Power results

21 2
22 4
23 8
24 16
25 32
26 64
27 128
28 256
29 512
210 1024
211 2048

Square root of number

Number with under root sign after the square root

1 1
2 1.414
3 1.732
4 2
5 2.236
6 4.449
7 2.646
8 2.828
9 3
10 3.162

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Number with cube root sign after the cube root

31 1
32 1.260
33 1.442

√4 1.587

√5 1.710
36 1.817
37 1.913
38 2
39 2.080
3 10 2.154

Numbers Power
31 3
32 9
33 27
34 81
35 243
36 729
37 2187

41 4
42 16
43 64
44 256
45 1024

51 5
52 25
53 125
54 625
55 3125

61 6
62 36
63 216
64 1296

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71 7
72 49
73 343
74 2401

81 8
82 64
83 512
84 4096

91 9
92 81
93 729
94 6561

Squares

(1.) 25-50
e. g. 37 50-13
=Base 25-13/ 132
= 12/ 169
1 Carry forward
=1369

(2.) 50-75
e. g. 69
50+19
=25+19/ 192
=44/ 361
3 Carry forward
4761

(3.) 75-100
e. g. 87
=100-13
=87-13/132
=74/169
1 Carry forward
7569
(4.) 100-125
e. g. 112
=100+12
=112+12/122
=124/144

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 1 Carry forward
12544

Cube

e. g. 153

Step 1. 13/ 12*5 / 11*52 / 53

Step 2. 1 5 25 125

Step 3. +10 +50

Step 4. 1 15 75 125

12 Carry forward
Step. 5. 1 15 75+12=87 5
8 Carry forward
Step 6. 3375

e. g. 28

Step 1. 2 22*8 2*82 8

Step 2. 8 4*8 2*64 512

Step 3. 8 32 128 512

+64 +256

Step 4. 8 96 384 512

51 carry forward

Step 5. 8 96 384+51 2

43 Carry forward

Step 6. 8 96 435 2

= 21952

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 Square root

Number with Power (N2) Square

12 1
22 4
32 9
42 16
52 25
62 36
72 49
82 64
92 81
102 100

Observations

# Square of any number can't end with unit digit 2, 3, 7, and 8.

# Sum of the digits of the square of any number is 1, 4,7,9

∑
Mean digit 1/4/9/7 always.

Unit digit of unit digit

x of x

1
9 1
2
8 4
3
7 9
4
6 6

5 5
0 0

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e. g. If we have to find out 1681
Unit digit 1

So unit digit of x is either 1 or 9

And 402 = 1600, 502 =2500

So answer can be 41 or 49
But 452 = 2025
So answer is 412 = 1681

To find cube root, square root by observing unit digit

N3 N2 N1
1 1 1
8 4 2
27 9 3
64 16 4
125 25 5
216 36 6
343 49 7
512 64 8
729 81 9
1000 100 10
Observe bold digit


e. g. √6859

Unit digit is 9 so unit digit of 3 x will be 9 if 6859 is perfect cube.

10 = 1000
20 = 8000


So √6859 = 19

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 Arithmetical Progression

T n= a + (n-1) d

To find nth term.

T n=nth term
a= 1st Term
n - total number of term
d= common difference
How many 3 digit numbers are divisible by 6 in all?
Ans 150

n= +1

n = number of term

n
Sn= (a + l)
2

S n = Sum of n term
A = 1st term
L= last term

n
Sn= [2a + (n − 1 )d ]
2

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 Geometrical Progression G. P.

T n = arn-1

T n = nth term
a= 1st term
r= Common ratio

a(r n − 1 )
Sn= for r>1 and r ≠1
( 1 − r)

a( 1 − r n )
Sn= for r<1 and r ≠1
1− r

If L denoted the last term then for r>1

lr− a
S n = r− 1

Sum of a G. P. up to infinity

a
S ∞= 1− r for IrI <1

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Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at amitgarg.maths@gmail.com
 Arithmetic Equation

(1.) a 3 + b 3 = (a + b)(a 2 − ab + b 2 )
(2.) a 3 − b 3 = (a − b)(a 2 + ab + b 2 )
(3.) a 3 + b 3 = (a + b)3 − 3ab(a + b)
(4.) a 3 − b 3 = (a − b)3 + 3ab(a − b)
(5.) (a − b)2 = (a + b)2 − 4ab
(6.) (a + b)2 = (a − b)2 + 4ab
(7.) (a + b + c)3 = a 3 + b 3 + c 3 + 3(b + c)(c + a)(a + b)

3 3 3
If a+b+c=0 then the value of a +b +c is 3abc
(8.) (a+b+c)2 = a2+b2+c2+2(ab+bc+ca)

Even/Odd

Odd + Odd = Even

Odd + even = odd
Even + even = even
Odd – odd = even
Odd – even = odd
Even – even = even
Odd * odd = odd
Odd * even = even
Even * even = even
Odd  Odd = odd/fraction
Even ÷ even = even/odd
e.g. If a and b are odd numbers, then which of the following is even?
(a) a+b*
(b) a+b+1
(c) ab
(d) ab + 2

Counting principle: -

n(n +1)
1. Sum of all the first n natural number=
2
2.
Sum of 1st n odd number is= n2
3. Sum of 1st n even number is= n (n+1)
n(n + 1 )( 2n + 1 )
4. Sum of square of 1st n natural number=
6
2
st  n(n + 1 ) 
5. Sum of cubes of 1 n natural number= 
 2 
6. Sum of odd numbers <= n where n is a natural number

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 2

Case A: if n is odd-
[ ]
n+ 1
2
2

Case B: if n is even--
[ ]
n
2
7. Sum of even number <=n where n is a natural number

 n  n   
Case A: if n is odd-
   + 1 
 2  2   
 (n − 1)   (n + 1) 
Case B: if n is even-
  
 2  2 
e.g, Sum of the 1st 45 natural no. is?
Ans 1035

112=121
1012=10201
1112=12321
1212=14641
10012=1002001
101012=102030201

1,00,000 = 316.227
1000 = 31.6227
10 = 3.16

Represent the Table of N natural number

∑ 1-10 = 55
∑ 11-20 = 155 210
∑ 21-30 = 255 465
∑ 31-40 = 355 820
∑ 41-50 = 455 1275
∑ 51-60 = 555 1830
∑ 61-70 = 655 2485
∑ 71-80 = 755 3240
∑ 81-90 = 855 4095
∑ 91-100 = 955 5050

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 Percentage

Percentage

Fraction Decimal

This table is useful for Percentage, Profit and Loss, Partnership and Data Interpretation.

1 2 3
= 100% = 200% = 300%
1 1 1

1 2 3
= 50%= . 5 = 100%= 1 = 150%= 1 . 5
2 2 2

1 2 3 4
= 33. 33%= .33 = 66 .66%= . 66 = 100%= 1 = 133. 33%= 1. 33
3 3 3 3

1 2 3 4 5
= 25%= . 25 = 50%= . 5 = 75%= . 75 = 100%= 1 = 125%= 1 . 25
4 4 4 4 4

1 2 3 4 5
= 20%= .20 = 40%= . 40 = 60%= .60 = 80%= .80 = 100%= 1.0
5 5 5 5 5

1 2 3 4
= 16.66%= .166 = 33.33%= .33 = 50%= .5 = 66.66%= . 66
6 6 6 6
5
= 83.33%= . 83 --
6

1 2 3 4
= 14.28%= .142 = 28.56%= .285 = 42.85%= . 428 = 54.14%
7 7 7 7

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5 6
= 71.42% = 85.71% --
7 7

1 2 3 4 5 6
= 12.5%. = ⋅125 8 = 25% 8
= 37.5%
8
= 50%
8
= 62.5%
8
= 75%
8
7
= 87.5% ---
8

1 2 3 4 5 6
= 11.11% = 22.22% = 33.33% = 44.44% = 55.55% = 66.66%
9 9 9 9 9 9
7 8
= 77.77% = 88.88% ----
9 9

1 2 3 4 5
= 09.09% = 18.18% = 27.27% = 36.36% = 45.45%
11 11 11 11 11
6 7
= 54.54% = 63.63% ------
11 11

1 2 3 4 5
= 08.33% = 16.66% = 25% = 33.33% = 41.66% ---------
12 12 12 12 12

1 2 3
= 07.07% = 14.14% = 21.21% --------------------------------------
13 13 13

1 2 3 4
= 07.14% = 14.28% = 21.21% = 28.56% --------------------
14 14 14 14

1 2 3
= 06.67% = 13.33% = 20% -----------------------------------------
15 15 15

1
= 06.25% ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
16

1
= 05.88% ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
17

1
= 05.05% --------------------------------------------------------------------------
19

1
= 5% ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
20

1
= 04.95% -----------------------------------------------------------------------
21

1
= 4% --------------------------------------------------
25

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 1
= 3.33% -----------------------------------------------
30

1
= 2.5% -------------------------------------------------------
40

1
= 01.66% --------------------------------------------------------
60

Reasoning

Logical Venn Diagrams

T-1. Doctor, Engineers, Lawyers

T-2. Seconds, minutes, Hours

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Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at amitgarg.maths@gmail.com
T-3. Table, chair, furniture

T-4. Males, Father, Brother

T-5. Dogs, Pets, Cats

T-6. Clerks, Govt. Employee, Educated person

T-7. Engineers, Human being, Rats

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T-8. Females, Mothers, Doctors

T-9. Males, Father, Children

Alphabetical Numerical series

Alpha - Numeric
A - 1
B - 2
C - 3
D - 4
E - 5
F - 6
G - 7
H - 8
I - 9
J - 10
K - 11
L - 12
M - 13
N - 14
O - 15
P - 16
Q - 17
R - 18

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 S - 19
T - 20
U - 21
V - 22
W - 23
X - 24
Y - 25
Z - 26

Mirror Image
AHIMOTUVWXY

Small Letter i, l, o, v, w, x

Water image
CDEHIKOX
Small letter c, i, o
Common HIOX

M
Water image special care W

Ranking ABCDEFGHIJKLM
From Starting 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

And last ZYXWVUTSRQPON

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Blood Relationship
Grandfather/Grand Parents

Mother-in-low Mother/Father Uncle

Father-in-low Aunt

Cousin I Brother/Sister

Son-in-low Son/Daughter Nephew

Daughter-in-low Niece

Grand Children

Same level relationship: - brother/sister/cousin

Brother-in-low/sister-in-low/Husband/Wife

One level above relationship: - Mother-in-low/Father-in-low

Mother/Father/Uncle/Aunt

One level below relationship: - Son-in-low/Son/Nephew

Daughter-in-low/daughter/Niece

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 Cutting of Cube

Distribution of Cut

X axis y-axis z-axis No. Of price

6 0
1 5
2 4
3 3
1 1
1 2
2 2
0 7
0 12
0 15
0 16
4 20
3 24
2 27

2. Coloring of Cube

27 (3)3 64 (4)3 125 (5)3 216 (6)3 343 (7)3 512 (8)3 1000 (10)3
Small Small Small Small Small Small Small
cube Cube cube cube cube cube cube
3 faces 8 factors 8 8 8 8 8 8
colored
2 faces (3-2)*12 (4-2)*12 (5-2)*12 (6-2)*12 (7-2)*12 (8-2)*12 (10-2)*12
colored Edges
1 faces (3-2)2*6 (4-2)2*6 (5-2)2*6 (6-2)2*6 (7-2)2*6 (8-2)2*6 (10-2)2*6
colored Faces
No faces (3-2)3 (4-2)3 (5-2)3 (6-2)3 (7-2)3 (8-2)3 (10-2)3
colored

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 Two dices Events

Sum of the numberof two dices No of Events

2 1, 1 1
3 {1, 2}, {2, 1} 2
4 {1, 3}, {3, 1}, {2, 2} 3
5 {1, 4} {4, 1} {2, 3}. {3, 2} 4
6 {1, 5} {5, 1} {4, 2} {2, 4} {3, 3} 5
7 {1, 6} {6, 1} {2, 5} {5, 2} {4, 3} {3, 4} 6
12 6, 6 1
11 {6, 5} {5, 6} 2
10 {6, 4} {4, 6} {5, 5} 3
9 {6, 3} {3, 6} {5, 4} {4, 5} 4
8 {6, 2} {2, 6} {5, 3} {3, 5}{4, 4} 5

Calendar
Odd day
Non leap Year 365/7=52week+ one odd day

Leap Year 366/7= 52 weeks + 2 odd day

31 day Months

January Short form JMMJAOD

March
May
July
August
October
December

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3. 100 years - 5 odd days
200 years – 3 odd days
300 years - 1 odd day
400 years – 0 day

4. Century Non-Leap year

100
200
300
500
600
700
900
1000
1100 and so on

5. Century Leap year

400
800
1200
1600
2000
2400 and so on

Month Leap year Odd day Non Leap year odd day
Jan 3 3
Feb 1 0
Mar 3 3
Apr 2 2
May 3 3
June 2 2
July 3 3
Aug 3 3

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Sep 2 2
Oct 3 3
Nov 2 2
Dec 3 3

Following table will help in Time speed distance , Trains and pie charts
Percentage Km/hr income of speed m/s
2.5% 90/9km/hr 2.5m/s
5% 18 5m/s
7.5% 27 7.5m/s
10% 36 10m/s
12.5% 45 12.5m/s
15% 54 15m/s
17.5% 63 17.5m/s
20% 72 20m/s
22.5% 81 22.5m/s
25% 90 25m/s
27.5% 99 27.5m/s
30% 108 30m/s

Simple Interest

p ∗r ∗t
I=
100

100 ∗ I
P=
r ∗t

100 ∗ I
R=
p ∗t

100 ∗ I
T=
p∗r

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 Compound Interest

I. Case I Annually

t
 r 
A= p 1+
 100 
II. Case II: - Compound Interest half-yearly

2t
 r 
A= p 1 +
 200 
III. Case III: - Compound Interest Quarterly

4t
 r 
A= p 1+
 400 

IV. Case IV
r1 rate for 1st year
r2 rate for 2nd year
r3 rate for 3rd year

 r  r  r 
A= p 1+ 1  1+ 2  1+ 3 
 100   100   100 

V. Multiple of Amount in 2x, 3x and 4x years under compound Interest

Time / year Amount Amount Amount Amount
X 2 times 3 times 4 times 5 times
2x 4 times 9 times 16 times 25 times

3x 8 times 27 times 64 times 125 times

4x 16 times 81 times 256 times 625 times\

VI At what rate % Compound Interest does a sum of money becomes

nine fold in 2 yrs.

9x= x(1+ )2

3= (1+  )

r/ 100= 2
r = 200 %

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