QUESTION NUMBER QS.

WITH OPTIONS
ADVSC1 During her presidency of the short-lived
Woman’s State Temperance Society (1852-
1853), Elizabeth Cady Stanton, as she was a
staunch advocate of liberalized divorce laws,
scandalized many of her most ardent
supporters in her suggestion that drunkenness
should be made sufficient cause for divorce.
A. as she was a staunch advocate of liberalized
divorce laws, scandalized many of her most
ardent supporters in her suggestion that
drunkenness should be
B. as she was a staunch advocate for liberalized
divorce laws, scandalized many of her most
ardent supporters by her suggestion of
drunkenness being
C. in being a staunch advocate for liberalized
divorce laws, had scandalized many of her most
ardent supporters with the suggestion of
drunkenness being
D. a staunch advocate of liberalized divorce
laws, scandalized many of her most ardent
supporters by suggesting that drunkenness be
ADVSC2 E. amerging
By staunchits advocate
two publishing
of liberalized
divisions,
divorce
the
laws, she scandalized
company will increasemanytheir of
share
her of
most
theardent
supporters$21
country’s in suggesting
billion bookthat
market
drunkenness
from 6
should be
percent to 10 percent, a market ranging from
obscure textbooks to massmarket paperbacks.
A. their share of the country’s $21 billion book
market from 6 percent to 10 percent, a market
ranging
B. from 6 percent to 10 percent its share of the
$21 billion book market in the country, which
ranges
C. to 10 percent from 6 percent in their share of
the $21 billion book market in the country, a
market ranging
ADVSC3 A
D.recent reviewfrom
in its share, of pay scales indicates
6 percent that of
to 10 percent,
CEO’s
the $21 now earnbook
billion an average
market ofin 419 times more
the country,
pay
which than blue-collar workers, compared to a
ratio
ranges of 42 times in 1980.
A. that
E. to 10CEO’s
percentnow earn6 an
from average
percent of 419oftimes
its share the
more pay $21
country’s thanbillion
blue-collar
book workers, compared
market, which
to a ratio of 42 times
Ranges
B. that, on average, CEO’s now earn 419 times
the pay of blue-collar workers, a ratio that
compares to 42 times
C. that, on average, CEO’s now earn 419 times
the pay of blue-collar workers, as compared to
42 times their pay, the ratio
D. CEO’s who now earn on average 419 times
more pay than blue-collar workers, as
compared to 42 times their pay, the ratio
E. CEO’s now earning an average of 419 times
the pay of blue-collar workers, compared to the
ratio of 42 times
ADVSC4 The 32 species that make up the dolphin family
are closely related to whales and in fact include
the animal known as the killer whale, which can
grow to be 30 feet long and is famous for its
aggressive hunting pods.
A.include the animal known as the killer whale,
which can grow to be 30 feet long and is
B.include the animal known as the killer whale,
growing as big as 30 feet long and
C.include the animal known as the killer whale,
growing up to 30 feet long and being
D.includes the animal known as the killer
whale, which can grow as big as 30 feet long
and is
E.includes the animal known as the killer whale,
ADVSC5 Soaring television
which can grow tocosts
be 30accounted for more
feet long and it is
than half the spending in the presidential
campaign of 1992, a greater proportion than it
was in any previous election.
A. a greater proportion than it was
B. a greater proportion than
C. a greater proportion than they have been
D. which is greater than was so
E. which is greater than it has been

ADVSC6 Recently physicians have determined that

ADVSC7 stomachthe
Rivaling ulcers are notofcaused
pyramids byeven
Egypt or stress,
the
ancient cities of the Maya as an achievement,
the army of terra-cotta warriors created to
protect Qin Shi Huang, China’s first emperor, in
his afterlife is more than 2,000 years old and
took 700,000 artisans more than 36 years to
complete them `

A. took 700,000 artisans more than 36 years to

complete them
B. took 700,000 artisans more than 36 years to
complete it
C. took 700,000 artisans more than 36 years to
complete
D. 700,000 artisans took more than 36 years to
complete
E. to complete them too 700,000 artisans more
than 36 years
ADVSC8 Past assessments of the Brazilian rain forest
have used satellite images to tally deforested
areas, where farmers and ranchers have clear-
cut and burned all the trees, but such work has
not addressed either logging, which is the
removal of only selected trees, as well as
surface fires, burning down individual trees but
do not denude the forest.
A. which is the removal of only selected trees,
as well as surface fires, burning
B. which removes only selected trees, or
surface fires that burn
C. which removes only selected trees, along
with surface fires that burn
ADVSC9 By sucking sap
D. removing from
only the young
selected trees,twigs of the
or surface
hemlock tree,
fires, burning tree growth is retarded by the
woolly
E. removing only selected trees, as well as color
adelgid, causing needles to change
from
surfacedeep
firesgreen
that to grayish green and to drop
burn
prematurely.
A. tree growth is retarded by the woolly
adelgid, causing needles to change color from
deep green to grayish green and to drop
B. tree growth is retarded by the woolly
adelgid, and this causes the color of needles to
change from deep green to grayish green, and
their dropping
ADVSC10 C. the woolly
Faulty adelgid retards
voting equipment, tree growth,
confusing ballots,
whicherror,
voter causesand needles to change
problems color
at polling fromhave
places
deep
been green
cited by toagrayish green,
new study of and dropping
the 2000 United
D. the woolly
States adelgid
Presidential retardswhich
election, tree growth,
estimated
causing
that theyneedles
did nottocount
change color from
4 million deep of
to 6 million
green tomillion
the100 grayishvotes
green and to drop
cast.
E.
a.)the woolly
Faulty adelgid
voting retards confusing
equipment, tree growth, and
ballots,
this
voter error, and problems at polling placesfrom
causes the color of needles to change have
deep cited
been greenby toagrayish green,
new study of and the their
the 2000 United
dropping
Stated presidential election, which estimated
that they did not count 4 million to 6 million of
the 100 million votes cast.
b.) Citing faulty voting equipment, confusing
ballots, voter error, and problems at
pollingplaces, a new study of the 2000 United
States presidential election has estimated that
4 million to 6 million of the 100 million votes
cast were not counted.
c.) Citing faulty voting equipment, confusing
ballots, voter error, and problems at polling
places, 4 million to 6 million of the 100 million
votes cast were not counted in the 2000 United
States presidential election, a new study
estimates.
d.) A new study has cited faulty voting
equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and
problems at polling places in estimating that 4
million to 6 million of the 100 million votes that
were cast had not been counted in the 2000
United States presidential election.
e.) A new study of the 2000 United States
presidential election, citing faulty voting
equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and
problems at polling places, has estimated 4
million to 6 million votes had not been counted
of the 100 million votes cast.
ADVSC11 To develop more accurate population forecasts,
demographers have to know a great deal more
than now about the social and economic
determinants of fertility.
A. have to know a great deal more than now
about the social and economic
B. have to know a great deal more than they do
now about the social and economical
C. would have to know a great deal more than
they do now about the social and economical
D. would have to know a great deal more than
they do now about the social and economic
E. would have to know a great deal more than
now about the social and economic

ADVSC12 Although people in France consume fatty foods

ADVSC13 at a rate
Retail comparable
sales rose 8/10 to
of the UnitedinStates,
1 percent their
August,
intensifying expectations that personal
spending in the July-September quarter more
than doubled that of the 1.4 percent growth
rate in personal spending for the previous
quarter.
A. that personal spending in the July-September
quarter more than doubled that of
B. that personal spending in the July-September
quarter would more than double
C. of personal spending in the July-September
quarter, that it more than doubled
D. of personal spending in the July-September
quarter, more than doubling that of
E. of personal spending in the July-September
quarter, that it would more than double that
ADVSC14 The four-million-year-old fossilized skeleton
known as Lucy is so small compared with many
other skeletons presumed to be of the same
species, and so some paleontologists have
argued that Lucy represents a different lineage.
A. presumed to be of the same species, and so
B. presumed to be of the same species that
C. presumed that they are of the same species,
and so
D. that they have presumed to be of the same
species, so that
E. that they have presumed are of the same
species, and

ADVSC15 A study by the Ocean Wildlife Campaign urged

states to undertake a number of remedies to
reverse a decline in the shark population, which
includes the establishment of size limits for
shark catches, closing state waters for shark
fishing during pupping season, and requiring
commercial fishers to have federal shark
permits.
A. which includes the establishment of size
limits for shark catches, closing
B. which includes establishing limits to the size
of sharks that can be caught, closing
C. which include the establishment of size limits
for shark catches, the closing of
D. including establishing size limits for shark
catches, closing
ADVSC16 Yellow jackets
E. including thenumber among
establishing of the 900
limits toorthesosize
species
of sharks that are caught, the closing of living
of the world’s social wasps, wasps
in a highly cooperative and organized society
where they consist almost entirely of females—
the queen and her sterile female workers.
A. wasps living in a highly cooperative
and organized society where they consist
almost entirely of
B. wasps that live in a highly cooperative
and organized society consisting almost entirely
of
C. which means they live in a highly
ADVSC17 cooperative and organized
Antarctica receives society,
more solar almost
radiation thanall
D. which means that their
does any other place on Earth, yet the society is
highly cooperative,
temperatures are soorganized, andice
cold and the it iscap
almost
is
entirely
reflective, so that little polar ice melts during
E.
the summer; otherwise, the water levels of the
livinginasocietythatishighlycooperative,organize
oceans would rise 250 feet and engulf most of
d,anditconsistsofalmostall
the world’s great cities.
A. is reflective, so that little polar ice melts
during the summer; otherwise,
B. is so reflective that little of the polar ice
melts during the summer; were it to do so,
C. so reflective that little polar ice melts during
the summer, or else
D. reflective, so that little of the polar ice melts
during the summer, or
E. reflects so that little of the polar ice melts
during the summer; if it did
ADVSC18 Retailers reported moderate gains in their
November sales, as much because of their sales
of a year earlier being so bad as that shoppers
were getting a head start on buying their
holiday gifts.
A. of their sales of a year earlier being so
bad as that
B. of their sales a year earlier having
been as bad as because
C. of their sales a year earlier being as
bad as because
D. their sales a year earlier had been so
bad as because
E. their sales of a year earlier were as
bad as that
ADVSC19 Possible long-term consequences of the
“greenhouse effect”, the gradual warming of
the Earth’s climate, may include melting the
polar ice caps and a rising sea level.
A. may include melting the polar ice caps and a
rising sea level
B. may include the melting of polar ice caps and
the rising sea level
C. may include polar ice caps that are melting
and sea levels that are rising
D. include melting the polar ice caps and sea
levels that are rising
E. include melting of the polar ice caps and a
rise in sea level
ADVSC20 Data gathered by weather satellites has been
analyzed by scientists, reporting that the
Earth’s northern latitudes have become about
ten percent greener since 1980, due to more
vigorous plant growth associated with warmer
temperatures and higher levels of atmospheric
carbon dioxide.
A. Data gathered by weather satellites has been
analyzed by scientists, reporting that the
Earth’s northern latitudes have
B. Data gathered by weather satellites has been
analyzed by scientists, and they report the
Earth’s northern latitudes as having
C. After analyzing data gathered by weather
satellites, scientists report that the Earth’s
ADVSC21 Unlike
northernthelatitudes
conviction
haveheld by many of her
colleagues that genes
D. After analysis were
of data, relatively
gathered simple
by weather
and static,scientists
satellites, Barbara McClintock adhered
report the Earth’s to her
northern
own moreascomplicated
latitudes having ideas about how genes
might
E. Afteroperate, and in 1983,
data gathered at the satellites
by weather age of 81,was
was awarded
analyzed a Nobel Prize
by scientists, who for her that
report discovery
the
that thenorthern
Earth’s genes in latitudes
corn are have
capable of moving
from one chromosomal site to another.
A. Unlike the conviction held by many of
her colleagues that genes were relatively simple
and static
B. Although many of her colleagues were
of the conviction of genes being relatively
simple and static
C. Contrary to many of her colleagues
being convinced that genes were relatively
simple and static
D. Even though many of her colleagues
were convinced that genes were relatively
simple and static
ADVSC22 Almost a decade after New York State passed
laws to protect patients by reducing the
grueling hours worked by medical residents,
twelve hospitals have been investigated by
state medical officials, finding that all twelve
consistently break the laws, many residents
work longer than 24 hours straight, and that
more than half the surgical residents work
more than 95 hours a week.
A. twelve hospitals have been
investigated by state medical officials, finding
that all twelve consistently break the laws,
many residents work longer than 24 hours
straight, and that more than half the surgical
residents work
B. an investigation by state medical
officials of twelve hospitals have found all
twelve consistently breaking the laws, that
many residents work longer than 24 hours
straight, with more than half the surgical
residents working
C. an investigation of twelve hospitals by
state medical officials has found that all twelve
consistently break the laws, that many
residents work longer than 24 hours straight,
and that more than half the surgical residents
work
D. twelve hospitals were investigated by
state medical officials who found all twelve
ADVSC23 breaking
Shoppersthe laws, with
in sporting many
goods residents
stores, unlikeworking
in
longer
department stores, do very little impulsethan
than 24 hours straight, and more
half the surgical
shopping, residents
not buying a pairwork
of skis and a
E. an when
boomerang investigation
they comeby state
in formedical
a basketball,
officials has found that, of twelve
but they leave with a basketball only. hospitals, all
twelve consistently
A. in department breakdo
stores, the laws,
very that
little many
impulse
residents work
shopping, longerathan
not buying pair 24 hours
of skis andstraight,
a
with more than
boomerang whenhalf thecome
they surgical residents
in for a basketball,
working
but they leave with a basketball only
B. in department stores, shop impulsively very
little; someone who comes in for a basketball
will leave with a basketball only and not also
buy a pair of skis and a boomerang as well
C. those in department stores, do very little
impulse shopping, do not buy a pair of skis and
a boomerang when they come in for a
basketball, but leave with only a basketball
D. those in department stores, do very little
impulse shopping; someone who comes in for a
basketball will leave with a basketball only and
not buy a pair of skis and a boomerang as well
E. department stores, shop impulsively very
little; someone will not buy a pair of skis and a
boomerang when they come in for a basketball
but will leave with only a basketball
ADVSC24 Minivans carry as many as seven passengers
and, compared with most sport utility vehicles,
cost less, get better gas mileage, allow
passengers to get in and out more easily, and
have a smoother ride.
A. Minivans carry as many as seven
passengers and, compared with most sport
utility vehicles, cost less,
B. Minivans, which carry as many as
seven passengers, compared with most sport
utility vehicles, they cost less,
C. Minivans carry as many as seven
passengers, in comparison with most sport
utility vehicles, and have a lower cost, they
D. Minivans, carrying as many as seven
ADVSC25 passengers, compared
In ancient Thailand, withofmost
much sportartisans’
the local utility
vehicles, cost less,
creative energy was expended for the creation
E. Minivans,
of Buddha images and which
whencarry as constructed
they many as
seven passengers, compared with
and decorated the temples that enshrined most sport
utility
them. vehicles the cost is lower, and they
A. much of the local artisans’ creative
energy was expended for the creation of
Buddha images and when they constructed and
decorated the temples that enshrined them
B. much of the local artisans’ creative
energy was expended on the creation of
Buddha images and on construction and
decoration of the temples in which they were
enshrined
C. much of the local artisans’ creative
energy was expended on the creation of
ADVSC26 Buddha
In Greekimages
theology as the
wellsupreme
as constructing
being wasand
decorationEmissee
Esaugetu of the temples
(Master in of which
Breath),they were
who
enshrined
dwelt in an upper realm in which the sky was
D. creating
the floor, and whoimageshad the ofpower
Buddha toaccounted
give and to
for much of the local artisans’
take away the breath of life. creative energy,
and also constructing and decorating
A. in which the sky was the floor, and the
temples
who hadenshrining
the powerthem to give and to take
E.
B. the
where creating
the skyofwas
Buddha images
the floor, having
accounted for much of
the power to give and to take the local artisans’
creative
C. energy
whose as well
floor as the
was construction
sky, and whoand has
decoration
the power of ofgiving
the temples
and of that
takingenshrined them
D. in which the sky was the floor, with
ADVSC27 A new
the hair-growing
power drugtaking
of giving and is being sold for three
ADVSC28 times
A E.thewhose
leading price, per
figure floor
in milligram,
the was
Scottish as
the sky, the drug’s
having the
enlightenment,
powerSmith’s
Adam to give and
two take
major books are to
democratic capitalism what Marx’s Das Kapital
is to socialism.
A. Adam Smith’s two major books are to
democratic capitalism what
B. Adam Smith’s two major books are to
democratic capitalism like
C. Adam Smith’s two major books are to
democratic capitalism just as
D. Adam Smith wrote two major books that are
to democratic capitalism similar to
E. Adam Smith wrote two major books that are
to democratic capitalism what
ADVSC29 Though subject to the same wild-animal control
efforts that killed off almost all the wolves in
North America over the past century, the
coyote’s amazing ability of adapting to the
presence of humans has enabled it to expend
its range into Alaska and Central America.
A. coyote’s amazing ability of adapting to
the presence of humans has enabled it to
expend its
B. coyote, because of its amazing ability
of adapting to the presence of humans, have
been able to expand their
C. coyote, because of its amazing ability
ADVSC30 to adapt to the
Twenty-two presence
feet long and of 10
humans,
feet inhas been
diameter,
able to expand
the AM-1 is oneitsof the many new satellites
that D. amazing
is a part of 15ability
years of the of
effort coyote to adapt
subjecting the
to the presence
interactions of humans
of Earth’s have enabled
atmosphere, oceans,it to
and
expand
land the to detailed scrutiny from space.
surfaces
E. A. amazing abilitythat
satellites of the
is a coyote
part of to
15adapt
years to
the presence
effort of humans
of subjecting has enabledofitEarth’s
the interactions to
expand the oceans, and land surfaces
atmosphere,
B. satellites, which is a part of a 15-year
effort to subject how Earth’s atmosphere,
oceans, and land surfaces interact
C. satellites, part of 15 years effort of
subjecting how Earth’s atmosphere, oceans,
and land surfaces are interacting
D. satellites that are part of an effort for
15 years that has subjected the interactions of
Earth’s atmosphere, oceans, and land surfaces
E. satellites that are part of a 15-year
effort to subject the interactions of Earth’s
atmosphere, ocean, and land surfaces
ADVSC31 Building on civilizations that preceded them in
coastal Peru, the Mochica developed their own
elaborate society, based on cultivating such
crops like corn and beans, the harvesting of fish
and shellfish, and exploiting other wild and
domestic resources.
A. based on cultivating such crops like
corn and beans, the harvesting of fish and
shellfish, and exploiting
B. based on the cultivation of such crops
as corn and beans, the harvesting of fish and
seafood, and the exploitation of
C. and basing it on the cultivation of
crops like corn and beans, harvesting fish and
seafood, and the exploiting of
D. and they based it on their cultivation
of crops such as corn and beans, the harvest of
fish and seafood, and exploiting
E. and they based it on their cultivating
such crops like corn and beans, their harvest of
fish and shellfish, and they exploited
ADVSC32 So dogged were Frances Perkins’ investigations
of the garment industry, and her lobbying for
wage and hour reform was persistent, Alfred E.
Smith and Franklin D. Roosevelt recruited
Perkins to work within the government, rather
than as a social worker.
A. and her lobbying for wage and hour
reform was persistent,
B. and lobbying for wage and hour
reform was persistent, so that
C. her lobbying for wage and hour
reform persistent, that
ADVSC33 D. lobbying
The Quechuans for wage
believed and
that allhour reform
things
was so persistent,
participated in both the material level and the
E. level
mystical so persistent
of reality,her
andlobbying for wage
many individual
and hour reform, that
Quechuans claimed to have contact with it
directly with an ichana (dream) experience.
A. contact with it directly with
B. direct contact with it by way of
C. contact with the last directly through
D. direct contact with the latter by means of
E. contact directly with the mystical level due to

ADVSC34 Even though more money was removed out of

stock funds in July as in any month since
October 1987, sales of fund shares in July were
not as low as an industry trade group had
previously estimated.
A. as in any month since October 1987,
sales of fund shares in July were not as low as
B. as had been in any other month since
October 1987, sales of fund shares in July were
not as low as what
C. than there was in any other month
since October 1987, sales of fund shares in July
were not as low as that which
D. than in any month since October 1987,
sales of fund shares in July were not as low as
E. than in any other month since October
1987, sales of fund shares in July were not as
low as what
ADVSC35 In 2000, a mere two dozen products accounted
for half the increase in spending on prescription
drugs, a phenomenon that is explained not just
because of more expensive drugs but by the
fact that doctors are writing many more
prescriptions for higher-cost drugs.
A. a phenomenon that is explained not just
because of more expensive drugs but by the
fact that doctors are writing
B. a phenomenon that is explained not just by
the fact that drugs are becoming more
expensive but also by the fact that doctors are
writing
C. a phenomenon occurring not just because of
drugs that are becoming more expensive but
because of doctors having also written
D. which occurred not just because drugs are
becoming more expensive but doctors are also
Writing
E. which occurred not just because of more
expensive drugs but because doctors have also
Written

ADVSC36 The themes that Rita Dove explores in her

poetry is universal, encompassing much of the
human condition while occasionally she deals
with racial issues.
A. is universal, encompassing much of
the human condition while occasionally she
deals
B. is universal, encompassing much of
the human condition, also occasionally it deals
C. are universal, they encompass much
of the human condition and occasionally deals
D. are universal, encompassing much of
ADVSC37 the humantocondition
According while occasionally
its proponents, a proposeddealing
new
style of aircraft could, by skimming alongmuch
E. are universal, they encompass the
of the
top of human condition,fly
the atmosphere, also occasionally
between are
most points
Dealing
on Earth in under two hours.
A. According to its proponents, a
proposed new style of aircraft could, by
skimming along the top of the atmosphere, fly
between most points on Earth in under two
hours.
B. By skimming along the top of the
atmosphere, proponents of a proposed new
style of aircraft say it could fly between most
points on Earth in under two hours.
C. A proposed new style of aircraft could
fly between most points on Earth in under two
hours, according to its proponents, with it
skimming along the top of the atmosphere.
D. A proposed new style of aircraft, say
its proponents, could fly between most points
on Earth in under two hours because of its
skimming along the top of the atmosphere.
E. According to its proponents, skimming
along the top of the atmosphere makes it
ADVSC38 Many financial experts believe that policy
makers at the Federal Reserve, now viewing the
economy as balanced between moderate
growth and low inflation, are almost certain to
leave interest rates unchanged for the
foreseeable future.
A. Reserve, now viewing the economy as
balanced between moderate growth and low
inflation, are
B. Reserve, now viewing the economy to
be balanced between that of moderate growth
ADVSC39 and low inflation
Floating and are
in the waters of the equatorial Pacific,
C. of
an array Reserve
buoys who, now
collects andviewing the data on
transmits
economy
long- termasinteractions
balanced between
betweenmoderate
the ocean and
growth and low inflation,
the atmosphere, are that affect global
interactions
D.
climate. Reserve, who now view the economy
to beA.balanced between that
atmosphere, interactions of moderate
that affect
growth
B. and low inflation,
atmosphere, withwill be
interactions
E. Reserve, which now views the economy to
affecting
be balanced between that
C. atmosphere moderate
affectsgrowth and
ADVSC40 Concerns about
low inflation, is public health
D. atmosphere that is affecting led to the
construction betweenas
E. atmosphere 1876 and 1904 of three
affects
separate sewer systems to serve metropolitan
Boston.
A. Concerns about public health led to
the construction between 1876 and 1904 of
three separate sewer systems to serve
B. Concerns about public health have led
to the construction of three separate sewer
systems between 1876 and 1904 to serve
C. Concerns about public health have led
between 1876 and 1904 to the construction of
three separate sewer systems for serving
D. There were concerns about public
health leading to the construction between
1876 and 1904 of three separate sewer systems
serving
E. There were concerns leading between
1876 and 1904 to the construction of three
separate sewer systems for serving
ADVSC41 One of the primary distinctions between our
intelligence with that of other primates may lay
not so much in any specific skill but in our
ability to extend knowledge gained in one
context to new and different ones.

A. between our intelligence with that of other

primates may lay not so much in any specific
skill but
B. between our intelligence with that of other
primates may lie not so much in any specific
skill but instead
C. between our intelligence and that of other
primates may lie not so much in any specific
skill as
D. our intelligence has from that of other
primates may lie not in any specific skill as
E. of our intelligence to that of other primates
may lay not in any specific skill but
ADVSC42 The results of two recent unrelated studies
support the idea that dolphins may share
certain cognitive abilities with humans and
great apes; the studies indicate dolphins as
capable of recognizing themselves in mirrors—
an ability that is often considered a sign of self-
awareness—and to grasp spontaneously the
mood or intention of humans.
A. dolphins as capable of recognizing
themselves in mirrors—an ability that is often
considered a sign of self-awareness—and to
grasp spontaneously
ADVSC43 Authoritative parents
B. dolphins’ are to
ability more likely than
recognize
permissive
themselvesparents to haveability
in mirrors—an children who
that as
is often
adolescents are self-confident, high in
considered as a sign of self-awareness—and of self-
esteem, and responsibly
spontaneously grasping independent.
A.
C. dolphins to beparents
Authoritative capableare more likely
of recognizing
than permissive parents to have children
themselves in mirrors—an ability that is often who
as adolescents are self-confident, high
considered a sign of self-awareness—and to in self-
esteem, and responsibly independent.
grasp spontaneously
B.
D. Authoritative parents
that dolphins have thewho areofmore
ability
likely than permissive parents to have
recognizing themselves in mirrors—an ability
adolescent
that is oftenchildren thatas
considered area self-confident,
sign of self- high
in
awareness—and spontaneouslyindependent.
self-esteem, and responsibly grasping
C.
E. Children of authoritative
that dolphins are capableparents,
of
rather than permissive
recognizing themselvesparents, are theability
in mirrors—an more
likely
that istooften
be self-confident, haveofa self-awareness
considered a sign high self-
esteem,
—and ofand to be responsibly
spontaneously independent as
grasping
adolescents.
D. Children whose parents are
authoritative rather than being permissive, are
more likely to have self-confidence, a high self-
esteem, and be responsibly independent when
they are an adolescent.
E. Rather than permissive parents, the
children of authoritative parents are the more
likely to have self-confidence, a high self-
esteem, and to be responsibly independent as
an adolescent.
ADVSC44 The market for recycled commodities like
aluminum and other metals remain strong
despite economic changes in the recycling
industry.
A. commodities like aluminum and other
metals remain
B. commodities like those of aluminum
and other metals are remaining
C. commodities such as aluminum and
other metals remains
D. commodities, such as aluminum and
other metals, remain
E. commodities, like the commodities of
ADVSC45 Repetition
aluminum and of Q8
other metals, remains
ADVSC46 The greatest road system built in the Americas
prior to the arrival of Christopher Columbus
was the Incan highway, which, over 2,500 miles
long and extending from northern Ecuador
through Peru to Southern Chile.
A. Columbus was the Incan highway,
which, over 2,500 miles long and extending
B. Columbus was the Incan highway, over
2,500 miles in length, and extended
C. Columbus, the Incan highway, which
was over 2,500 miles in length and extended
D. Columbus, the Incan highway, being
over 2,500 miles in length, was extended
E. Columbus, the Incan highway was over
ADVSC47 Although
2,500 miles producer prices rose at an
long, extending
unexpectedly steep rate in September, analysts
said that the increase resulted mostly from
temporary factors and not necessarily
foreshadowing that there would be a
resurgence of inflation.
A. factors and not necessarily foreshadowing
that there would be
B. factors and not necessarily that it
foreshadowed
C. factors and did not necessarily foreshadow
ADVSC48 D. factors,
The while
state has not necessarily
proposed new rules a that would
foreshadowing of
set minimum staffing levels for nurses, rules
E. factors,towhile
intended it did
ensure thatnotatnecessarily
least one nurse is
foreshadow
assigned for that
everythere
four would
patientsbeput through
triage in a hospital emergency room.
A. rules intended to ensure that at least one
nurse is assigned for every four patients put
through triage in a hospital emergency room
B. rules with the intent of ensuring one nurse at
least to be assigned for every four patients to
be put through triage in a hospital emergency
room
C. rules intending to ensure at least one nurse is
assigned for every four patients in a hospital
emergency room put through triage
D. with the intent of ensuring that at least one
nurse should be assigned for every four
patients in a hospital emergency room that are
put through triage
E. and this is intended to ensure one nurse at
least to be assigned for every four patients put
through triage in a hospital emergency room
ADVSC49 Like the grassy fields and old pastures that the
upland sandpiper needs for feeding and nesting
when it returns in May after wintering in the
Argentine Pampas, the sandpipers vanishing in
the northeastern United States is a result of
residential and industrial development and of
changes in farming practices.
A. the sandpipers vanishing in the northeastern
United States is a result of residential and
industrial development and of changes in
B. the bird itself is vanishing in the northeastern
United States as a result of residential and
industrial development and of changes in
C. that the birds themselves are vanishing in the
northeastern United States is due to residential
and industrial development and changes to
D. in the northeastern United States,
sandpipers’ vanishing is due to residential and
industrial development and to changes in
E. in the northeastern United States, the
ADVSC50 sandpipers’
The city has vanishing,
proposed aa number
result ofof
residential
water
and industrial development and changing
treatment and conservation projects the cost of
which raises water bills high enough so that
even environmentalists are beginning to raise
alarms.
A. the cost of which raises water bills high
enough so that
B. at a cost raising water bills so high that
C. at a cost which raises water bills high enough
so
D. whose cost will raise water bills so high that
E. whose cost will raise water bills high enough
so that
ADVSC51 The first trenches that were cut into a 500-acre
site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong
evidence for centrally administered complex
societies in northern regions of the Middle East
that were arising simultaneously with but
independently of the more celebrated city-
states of southern Mesopotamia, in what is
now southern Iraq.
A. that were cut into a 500-acre site at Tell
Hamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong evidence
for centrally administered complex societies in
northern regions of the Middle East that were
arising simultaneously with but
B. that were cut into a 500-acre site at Tell
Hamoukar, Syria, yields strong evidence that
centrally administered complex societies in
northern regions of the Middle East were
arising simultaneously with but also
C. having been cut into a 500-acre site at Tell
Hamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong evidence
that centrally administered complex societies in
northern regions of the Middle East were
arising simultaneously but
D. cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar,
Syria, yields strong evidence of centrally
administered complex societies in northern
regions of the Middle East arising
simultaneously but also
E. cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar,
Syria, have yielded strong evidence that
centrally administered complex societies in
ADVSC52 The Organization of Petroleum Exporting
Countries (OPEC) had long been expected to
announce a reduction in output to bolster
sagging oil prices, but officials of the
organization just recently announced that the
group will pare daily production by 1.5 million
barrels by the beginning of next year, but only if
non-OPEC nations, including Norway, Mexico,
and Russia, were to trim output by a total of
500,000 barrels a day.
A. year, but only if non-OPEC nations, including
Norway, Mexico, and Russia, were to trim
output
B. year, but only if the output of non-OPEC
nations, which includes Norway, Mexico, and
Russia, is trimmed
ADVSC53 Unlike
C. yearthe
onlyoriginal National
if the output of Museum
non-OPECofnations,
Science
and Technology in Italy, where the models
including Norway, Mexico, and Russia, would are
encased
be trimmedin glass or operated only by staff
members,
D. year onlythe Virtual Leonardo
if non-OPEC nations,Project,
which an
online version of the museum, encourages
includes Norway, Mexico, and Russia, were
visitors
trimming tooutput
“touch” each exhibit, which thereby
activates
E. year only ifanimated
the non-OPECfunctions of the piece.
nations, including
A. exhibit, which thereby activates
Norway, Mexico, and Russia, trim output
B. exhibit, in turn an activation of
C. exhibit, and it will activate
ADVSC54 A
D.surge in and
exhibit newthereby
home sales and a drop in weekly
activate
unemployment
E. exhibit which,claims suggest
as a result, that the
activates
economy might not be as weak as some
analysts previously thought.
A. claims suggest that the economy might not
be as weak as some analysts previously thought
B. claims suggests that the economy might not
be so weak as some analysts have previously
Thought
C. claims suggest that the economy might not
be as weak as have been previously thought by
some analysts
D. claims, suggesting about the economy that it
might not be so weak as previously thought by
some analysts
E. claims, suggesting the economy might not be
as weak as previously thought to be by some
Analysts
ADVSC55 The health benefits of tea have been the
subject of much research; in addition to its
possibilities for preventing and inhibiting some
forms of cancer, the brewed leaves of Camellia
sinensis may also play a role in reducing the risk
of heart disease and stroke.
A. in addition to its possibilities for preventing
and inhibiting
B. in addition to its possibilities to prevent or
inhibit
C. besides the possibility that it prevents and
inhibits
D. besides the possible preventing and
inhibiting of
E. besides possibly preventing or inhibiting
ADVSC56 Seldom more than 40 feet wide and 12 feet
deep, but it ran 363 miles across the rugged
wilderness of upstate New York, the Erie Canal
connected the Hudson River at Albany to the
Great Lakes at Buffalo, providing the port of
New York City with a direct water link to the
heartland of the North American continent.
A. Seldom more than 40 feet wide and 12 feet
deep, but it ran 363 miles across the rugged
wilderness of upstate New York, the Erie Canal
connected
B. Seldom more than 40 feet wide or 12 feet
deep but running 363 miles across the rugged
wilderness of upstate New York, the Erie Canal
connected
C. It was seldom more than 40 feet wide and 12
feet deep, and ran 363 miles across the rugged
wilderness of upstate New York, but the Erie
ADVSC57 Canal, connecting
Thelonious Monk, who was a jazz pianist and
D. The Erie produced
composer, Canal wasaseldom
body ofmore
workthan
both40 feet
wide orin12the
rooted feet deep and ittradition
stride-piano ran 363 ofmiles across
Willie
the rugged
(The wilderness
Lion) Smith of upstate
and Duke New
Ellington, York,
yet in
which ways
many connected
he stood apart from the
E. The Erie Canal,
mainstream seldom more than 40 feet
jazz repertory.
wide
A. and 12 feet
Thelonious deep,
Monk, whobutwas
running
a jazz363 miles
pianist and
across the rugged
composer, produced wilderness
a body ofofwork
upstate
bothNew
York, connecting
Rooted
B. Thelonious Monk, the jazz pianist and
composer, produced a body of work that was
rooted both
C. Jazz pianist and composer Thelonious Monk,
who produced a body of work rooted
D. Jazz pianist and composer Thelonious Monk
produced a body of work that was rooted
E. Jazz pianist and composer Thelonious Monk
produced a body of work rooted both
ADVSC58 Clouds are formed from the evaporation of the
oceans’ water that is warmed by the Sun and
rises high into the atmosphere, condensing in
tiny droplets on minute particles of dust.
A. Clouds are formed from the evaporation of
the oceans’ water that is warmed by the Sun
and rises high into the atmosphere, condensing
in tiny droplets on minute particles of dust.
B. Clouds form by the Sun’s warmth
evaporating the water in the oceans, which
rises high into the atmosphere, condensing in
tiny droplets on minute particles of dust.
C. Warmed by the Sun, ocean water
evaporates, rises high into the atmosphere, and
condenses in tiny droplets on minute particles
of dust to form clouds.
D. The water in the oceans evaporates, warmed
by the Sun, rises high into the atmosphere, and
condenses in tiny droplets on minute particles
of dust, which forms clouds.
E. Ocean water, warmed by the Sun,
evaporates and rises high into the atmosphere,
which then condenses in tiny droplets on
minute particles of dust to form as clouds.

ADVSC59 According to a recent study of consumer

spending on prescription medications, increases
in the sales of the 50 drugs that were
advertised most heavily accounts for almost
half of the $20.8 billion increase in drug
spending last year, the remainder of which
came from sales of the 9,850 prescription
medicines that companies did not advertise or
advertised very little.
A. heavily accounts for almost half of the $20.8
billion increase in drug spending last year, the
ADVSC60 remainder
A March 2000 of which
Census came
Bureau survey showed
B. heavily
that Mexico were what accounted
accounted for morefor almost
than half
a quarter
of the $20.8 billion increase in drug
of all foreign-born residents of the United spending
last year;
States, thethe remainder
largest share of
forthe
anyincrease
countrycoming
to
C. heavily accounted
contribute since 1890,forwhenalmost half30
about of percent
the
$20.8
of the billion
country’sincrease in drug spending
foreign-born population last year,
was
the remainder
from Germany. of the increase coming
D. heavily,
A. the accounting
largest share forfor anyalmost
countryhalftoof the
$20.8 billion increase in drug spending last year,
contribute
while
B. thethe remainder
largest share thatof the
anyincrease
countrycame
has
E. heavily, which accounted for almost half of
contributed
the $20.8makes
C. which billionitincrease in drug
the largest sharespending
for any last
year, with the remainder
country to contribute of it coming
D. having the largest share to be contributed by
any country
E. having the largest share to have been
contributed by any country
ADVSC61 Because of a similarity to dance, synchronized
swimming—exhibition swimming in which the
movements of one or more swimmers
synchronize to a musical accompaniment—is
sometimes called water ballet, especially in
theatrical situations.
A. of one or more swimmers synchronize to
B. of one swimmer or more is synchronized
with
C. of one or more swimmers are synchronized
with
D. by one swimmer or more is synchronized to
E. by one or more swimmers synchronize to

ADVSC62 While studying the genetic makeup of corn, a

new class of mutant genes was discovered by
Barbara McClintock, a discovery which led to
greater understanding of cell differentiation.
A. a new class of mutant genes was discovered
by Barbara McClintock, a discovery which led
B. a new class of mutant genes in corn were
discovered by Barbara McClintock, leading
C. Barbara McClintock discovered a new class of
mutant genes, and it led
D. Barbara McClintock discovered a new class
ADVSC63 of mutant
At genes,
the annual a discovery
stockholders that ledinvestors
meeting,
E. Barbara
heard McClintock,onwho
a presentation thediscovered
numerous a new
class of mutant
challenges facinggenes, leading including
the company,
among them the threat from a rival’s
multibillion-dollar patent infringement suit and
the declining sales for the company’s powerful
microprocessor chip.
A. including among them the threat from a
rival’s multibillion-dollar patent-infringement
suit and the declining sales for
B. which includes the threat of a rival’s
multibillion-dollar patent-infringement suit and
declining sales of
C. included among these the threat from a
rival’s multibillion-dollar patent-infringement
suit as well as a decline in sales for
D. among them the threat of a rival’s
multibillion-dollar patent-infringement suit and
ADVSC64 the decline
Whereas in in sales of the tiny tubes that
mammals
E.
convey nutrientsthe
among these to threat fromare
bone cells a rival’s
arrayed in
multibillion-dollar patent-infringement suit as
parallel lines, in birds the tubes form a random
well as
pattern. the decline in sales for
A. Whereas in mammals the tiny tubes that
convey nutrients to bone cells are arrayed in
parallel lines, in birds the tubes
B. Whereas the tiny tubes for the conveying of
nutrients to bone cells are arrayed in mammals
in parallel lines, birds have tubes that
C. Unlike mammals, where the tiny tubes for
conveying nutrients to bone cells are arrayed in
parallel lines, birds’ tubes
D. Unlike mammals, in whom the tiny tubes
that convey nutrients to bone cells are arrayed
in parallel lines, the tubes in birds
E. Unlike the tiny tubes that convey nutrients to
bone cells, which in mammals are arrayed in
parallel lines, in birds the tubes
ADVSC65 A mixture of poems and short fiction, Jean
Toomer’s Cane has been called one of the three
best novels ever written by Black Americans—
the others being Richard Wright, author of
Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of
Invisible Man.
A. Black Americans—the others being Richard
Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison,
author of Invisible Man
B. Black Americans—including Native Son by
Richard Wright and Invisible Man by Ralph
Ellison
C. a Black American—including Richard Wright,
author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author
of Invisible Man
D. a Black American—the others being Richard
Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison,
author of Invisible Man
E. a Black American—the others being Richard
Wright’s Native Son and Ralph Ellison’s Invisible
ADVSC66 In
Manan attempt to produce premium oysters, a
firm in Scotland has developed a prototype of a
submersible oyster farm, sitting below the
surface of the ocean, and it provides ideal
conditions for the mollusks’ growth.
A. farm, sitting below the surface of the ocean,
and it provides
B. farm, sitting below the surface of the ocean
ADVSC67 for providing
Because of wireless service costs plummeting in
C.
the last that
farm year,sitsandbelow the surface
as mobile phonesofare the ocean
and providing
increasingly common, many people now using
D. farm
their that sits
mobile below
phones to the
make surface of the aocean
calls across wide
and provides
region at night and on weekends, when
E. farm thatwireless
numerous is sittingcompanies
below theprovide
surface of the
ocean and it provides
unlimited airtime for a relatively small monthly
fee.
A. Because of wireless service costs plummeting
in the last year, and as mobile phones are
increasingly common, many people
B. As the cost of wireless service plummeted in
ADVSC68 the last year
Dressed as a and
manas andmobile
usingphones
the name became
Robert
increasingly common, many people
Shurtleff, Deborah Sampson, the first woman to
C. In the
draw last year,
a soldier’s with the
pension, cost of
joined thewireless
Continental
service plummeting, and
Army in 1782 at the age of 22, wasmobile phones have
injured
become
three times, and was discharged in 1783 many
increasingly common, there are
people
because she had become too ill to serve.
D. With
A. 22, theinjured
was cost ofthree
wireless service
times, plummeting
and was
in the last year and mobile phones
discharged in 1783 because she had become becoming
increasingly common,
B. 22, was injured three many
times,people
whileare
being
E. While theincost
discharged 1783 ofbecause
wireless she
service
had has
become
plummeted
C. 22, and was in the last year
injured threeand mobile
times, and phones
are increasingly common,
discharged in 1783, being many people are
D. 22, injured three times, and was discharged
in 1783 because she was
E. 22, having been injured three times and
discharged in 1783, being
ADVSC69 Unlike most other mergers in the utility
industry, which have been driven by the need
to save money and extend companies’ service
areas, the merger of the nation’s leading gas
and electric company is intended to create a
huge marketing network for the utilities in
question with states opening their utility
markets to competition.
A. and electric company is intended to create a
huge marketing network for the utilities in
question with states opening
B. and electric companies are intended to
create a huge network for marketing the
utilities in question as states open
C. and electric companies are intended to
create a huge network that will be marketing
the utilities in question, with states opening
ADVSC70 In
D. many
companynations, criminalcompany
and electric law doesarenotintending
apply to
corporations,
to create a huge butmarketing
in the United Stated
network fortoday,
the a
corporation commitswith
utilities in question, a crime whenever
states opening one of
its employees
E. company andcommits
leadingaelectric
crime, ifcompany
the employee
is
acted
intended within the scope
to create of his
a huge or herfor
network authority
and if the corporation
marketing the utilities benefited
in questionasasa states
result.
A.
opena corporation commits a crime whenever
one of its employees commits a crime, if the
employee acted
B. a corporation is committing a crime
whenever one of its employees committed a
crime, if those employees were acting
C. corporations commit a crime whenever one
of its employees does, on the condition that the
employee acts
D. corporations commit crimes whenever an
employee of those corporations commit a
crime, if it was while acting
E. the corporation whose employees commit a
crime, commits a crime, whenever the
employee acted

ADVSC71 Unlike a female grizzly bear in the Rockies,

which typically occupies a range of 50 to 300
square miles, a male’s range will cover 200 to
500 and occasionally as many as 600.
A. Unlike a female grizzly bear in the Rockies,
which typically occupies a range of 50 to 300
square miles, a male’s range will cover 200 to
500 and occasionally as
B. Unlike the range of a female grizzly bear in
the Rockies, typically occupying 50 to 300
square miles, a male will cover 200 to 500 and
occasionally so
C. While the typical range of a female grizzly
bear in the Rockies is 50 to 300 square miles,
with males, their range can cover 200 to 500
square miles and occasionally so
D. Whereas a female grizzly bear in the Rockies
typically occupies a range of 50 to 300 square
miles, a male will cover 200 to 500 and
ADVSC72 Growing evidence that coastal erosion occurs
continuously, not in just such calamitous bursts
like hurricanes, has led scientists and planners
to urge a stringent new approach to limiting
development along the nation’s shoreline.
A. coastal erosion occurs continuously, not in
just such calamitous bursts like hurricanes, has
B. coastal erosion occurs continuously, not just
in calamitous bursts such as hurricanes, has
C. coastal erosion is continuously occurring, not
in just calamitous bursts like hurricanes, having
D. there is continuous coastal erosion, not just
in calamitous bursts such as hurricanes, which
has
E. there is continuous coastal erosion occurring,
ADVSC73 not in justhave
Scientists such identified
calamitousanbursts like 2000
asteroid,
hurricanes, has
BF19, that is about half a mile wide and, if it
strikes Earth, it can do tremendous damage to
part of the planet but probably not cause
planet-wide destruction.
A. and, if it strikes Earth, it can do tremendous
damage to part of the planet but
B. and, if it would strike Earth, part of the
planet could experience a tremendous amount
of damage but it would
C. and that, if it were to strike Earth, could do
tremendous damage to part of the planet but
would
D. and that, if Earth is struck by it, can do part
ADVSC74 of
Thethe planeteconomic
current tremendous damage,
downturn hasbut it would
E. and that, if it strikes Earth, it could
significantly reduced advertising income both
experience
for businessajournals
tremendous amount
as well of damage
as general
but
consumer magazines, especially if focusing on
technology.
A. has significantly reduced advertising income
both for business journals as well as general
consumer magazines, especially if focusing
B. has significantly reduced advertising income
both for business journals and for general
consumer magazines, especially those focusing
C. significantly reduced advertising income for
both business journals and for general
consumer magazines, especially when focused
D. reduced both business journals’ and general
consumer magazines’ advertising income
ADVSC75 The United States
significantly, minted
especially about 857 million
if focused
silver-colored “Susan B. Anthony”
E. reduced advertising income significantly dollars for
between 1979 and 1981, but the coin
both business journals, as well as for general proved
unpopular because it looked and felt
consumer magazines, especially those focusing too much
like a quarter.
A. The United States minted about 857 million
silver-colored “Susan B. Anthony” dollars
between 1979 and 1981, but the coin
B. About 857 million silver-colored “Susan B.
Anthony” dollars were minted as coins in the
United States between 1979 and 1981 but
C. About 857 million silver-colored “Susan B.
Anthony” dollars that were minted between
1979 and 1981 in the United States
D. About 857 million silver-colored “Susan B.
Anthony” dollars that the United States minted
between 1979 and 1981
E. Between 1979 and 1981 the United States
minted about 857 million silver-colored “Susan
ADVSC76 Over 75 percent of the energy produced in
France derives from nuclear power, while in
Germany it is just over 33 percent.
A. while in Germany it is just over 33 percent
B. compared to Germany, which uses just over
33 percent
C. whereas nuclear power accounts for just
over 33 percent of the energy produced in
Germany
D. whereas just over 33 percent of the energy
comes from nuclear power in Germany
E. compared with the energy from nuclear
power in Germany, where it is just over 33
ADVSC77 A new study suggests that the conversational
percent
pace of everyday life may be so brisk it hampers
the ability of some children for distinguishing
discrete sounds and words and, the result is, to
make sense of speech.
A. it hampers the ability of some children for
distinguishing discrete sounds and words and,
the result is, to make
B. that it hampers the ability of some children
to distinguish discrete sounds and words and,
as a result, to make
C. that it hampers the ability of some children
to distinguish discrete sounds and words and,
the result of this, they are unable to make
ADVSC78 D.
Forthat it hampers
protection fromthe
theability
summerof some children
sun, the
to
Mojave lived in open-sided, flat-topped and
distinguish discrete sounds and words,
results in not
dwellings making
known as shades, each a roof of poles
E. asarrowweed
and to hamper the ability of
supported bysome
postschildren
set in a for
distinguishing
rectangle. discrete sounds and words,
resulting
A. each a in being
roof unable
of poles andtoarrowweed
make
B. each a roof of poles and arrowweed that are
being
C. with each being a roof of poles and
arrowweed
D. with roofs of poles and arrowweed to be
E. with roofs of poles and arrowweed that are

ADVSC79 Sulfur dioxide, a major contributor to acid rain,

is an especially serious pollutant because it
diminishes the respiratory system’s ability to
deal with all other pollutants.
A. an especially serious pollutant because it
diminishes the respiratory system’s ability to
deal
B. an especially serious pollutant because of
diminishing the respiratory system’s capability
of dealing
C. an especially serious pollutant because it
diminishes the capability of the respiratory
system in dealing
D. a specially serious pollutant because it
diminishes the capability of the respiratory
system to deal
E. a specially serious pollutant because of
diminishing the respiratory system’s ability to
deal
ADVSC80 While digging in the Egyptian desert, huge fossil
bones have been found by paleontologists,
which appears to have been the second most
massive dinosaur that ever lived.
A. huge fossil bones have been found by
paleontologists, which appears to have been
B. huge fossil bones have been found by
paleontologists, which appear to be from
C. it appears that paleontologists have found
huge fossil bones that are from
ADVSC81 In
D. the mid-1970’s, have
paleontologists since found
birds were
huge overcome
fossil bones
by
frompollution, and routinely
what appears to be falling from the sky
above Los Angeleshave
E. paleontologists freeways,
foundthishuge prompted
fossil bones,
officials
which are in from
California
whatto devisetoa be
appear plan that
reduced automobile emissions.
A. since birds were overcome by pollution, and
routinely falling from the sky above Los Angeles
freeways, this prompted officials in California to
devise a plan that reduced
B. since birds that had been overcome by
pollution were routinely falling from the sky
above Los Angeles freeways, it prompted
officials in California to devise a plan that would
reduce
C. birds had been overcome by pollution and
routinely fell from the sky above Los Angeles
freeways, prompting officials in California to
devise a plan that reduced
D. birds overcome by pollution routinely fell
from the sky above Los Angeles freeways,
prompting officials in California to devise a plan
ADVSC82 to reducea government advisory committee
In Japan,
E. birds
called forovercome by pollution
the breakup of Nippon and routinelyand
Telephone
falling from the sky above Los
Telegraph Company, the largest telephoneAngeles freeways
were prompting
company officials
in the world, soinit California
would be to two devise
local
a plan to
phone reduce and one long-distance
companies
provider.
A. In Japan, a government advisory committee
called for the breakup of Nippon Telephone and
Telegraph Company, the largest telephone
company in the world, so it would be
B. The breakup of the world’s largest telephone
company, Nippon Telephone and Telegraph
Company, was called for by a government
ADVSC83 advisory
In committeePope
1713, Alexander in Japan,
began sohis
it would be
translation
C. A
of government
the Iliad, a work advisory committee
that, taking him sevenin Japan
years
calledcompletion,
until for the breakup of Nippon
and that literaryTelephone and
critic Samuel
TelegraphPope’s
Johnson, Company, the world’spronounced
contemporary, largest the
telephone
greatest company,ininto
translation any language.
D. his
A. Thetranslation
breakup ofofNippon Telephone
the Iliad, and taking
a work that,
Telegraph
him seven Company,
years untilthe world’s largest
completion, and that
telephone
literary company,
critic was calledPope’s
Samuel Johnson, for by a
government advisory
contemporary, committee in Japan, so it
pronounced
would
B. be
his translation of the Iliad, a work that took
E. Called
him sevenforyears
by ato
government
complete and advisory
that literary
committee,
critic Samuelthe breakup
Johnson, of Nippon
Pope’s Telephone
contemporary,
and Telegraph Company in Japan, the world’s
pronounced
largest
C. telephoneofcompany,
his translation the Iliad,was
a workto be into
that had
taken seven years to complete and that literary
critic Samuel Johnson, Pope’s contemporary,
pronounced it as
D. translating the Iliad, a work that took seven
years until completion and that literary critic
Samuel Johnson, Pope’s contemporary,
ADVSC84 Scientists who studied the famous gold field
known as Serra Pelada concluded that the rich
lode was not produced by the accepted
methods of ore formation but that swarms of
microbes over millions of years concentrated
the gold from jungle soils and rivers and rocks.
A. not produced by the accepted methods of
ore formation but that swarms of microbes
over millions of years
ADVSC85 B. not
The produced byoffice
commission’s the accepted methods of
of compliance,
ore formation
inspections, andbutinvestigations
instead swarms of to
plans microbes
over millions of years that
intensify its scrutiny of stock analysts to
C. not produced
investigate not onlyby the accepted
whether methods
research is anof
ore formationfunction
independent but swarms of microbes
at brokerage over
firms, but
millions
also whetherof years that result when analysts own
conflicts
D.
theproduced
stocks they notwrite
by the accepted
about or whenmethods of
they are
ore formation but by swarms
paid for their work by a firm’s investmentof microbes that
over millions
banking of years
division.
E. produced
A. to investigate not bynotthe accepted
only whethermethods
researchofis
ore formation but
an independent that swarms
function of microbes
at brokerage firms,
ADVSC86 over
The millions
but also whetherof years
nineteenth-century conflicts chemist Humphry
result when Davy
analysts
presented the results of his early
own the stocks they write about or when they experiments
in
arehis “Essay on Heat and Light,” a critique of all
chemistry since Robert
B. to investigate not only Boyle as well
whether as a vision
research is
of
an aindependent
new chemistry that Davy
function hoped tofirms,
at brokerage found.
A.
buta also
critique of all chemistry
if conflicts result when since Robertown
analysts Boyle
as
thewell as athey
stocks vision of aabout or they are
write
B. a critique
C. to not onlyofinvestigate
all chemistry following
whether Robert
or not
Boyle
researchandisalso his envisioning
an independent of a at
function
C. a critiquefirms,
brokerage of allbut
chemistry after Robert
also if conflicts resultBoyle
and envisioning as well
when analysts own the stocks they write about
ADVSC87 D.
or critiquing
are
Several all chemistry
financial officers offrom Robert Boyle
the company spoke
forward
D. not
on andtoalso
only
condition athey
vision
investigate
that notof
whether
be named or not
in the
E. critiquing
research
press allindependent
is an
reports. the chemistry done since
function at Robert
Boyle as
brokerage
A. well
that theyfirms, as
not behis own
butnamed envisioning of
also whether conflicts
result
B. thatwhen
their analysts
names will own notthebestocks
used they write
about
C. thator are names are not used
their
E. not
D. of notonly to investigate
having their names whether research is
anof
E. independent
not namingfunction
them at brokerage firms,
but also whether conflicts result when analysts
own the stocks they write about or when
ADVSC88 There are several ways to build solid walls using
just mud or clay, but the most extensively used
method has been the forming of bricks out of
mud or clay, and, after some preliminary air
drying or sun drying, they are laid in the wall in
mud mortar.
A. the forming of bricks out of mud or clay, and,
after some preliminary air drying or sun drying,
they are laid
B. forming the mud or clay into bricks, and,
after some preliminary air drying or sun drying,
to lay them
C. having bricks formed from mud or clay, and,
after some preliminary air drying or sun drying,
they were laid
D. to form the mud or clay into bricks, and,
after some preliminary air drying or sun drying,
to lay them
E. that bricks were formed from mud or clay,
ADVSC89 Just
which, likeafter
the background
some preliminary in art air
history
dryingneeded
or sun
by an archaeologist
drying, were laid in order to evaluate finds of
ancient art, the nautical archaeologist needs
specialized knowledge of the history and theory
of ship design in order to understand
shipwrecks.
A. Just like the background in art history
needed by an archaeologist in order to evaluate
finds of ancient art, the
B. Just as an archaeologist who needs a
background in art history to evaluate finds of
ADVSC90 The
ancient globalization
art, a of financial-services
companies has been
C. Just as an archaeologist a boon to money
needs launders,
a background
because
in art history of allowing money
to evaluate placed
finds in a bank
of ancient art,in
so
aa less regulated jurisdiction to be transferred to
aD.branch
Like the inarchaeologist
a more regulated whoone.evaluates finds of
A. of allowing money placed
ancient art and requires a background in a bank in in aart
less
regulated
history, sojurisdiction
the to be transferred
B. of allowing
E. As evaluating thefinds
transfer of money
of ancient placed inana
art requires
bank in a less regulated
archaeologist who has a jurisdiction
background in art
ADVSC91 Unlike human
thatrunners,
money who
broke
C. it allows
history, so the placed in a the
bankfour-
in a less
minute mile in 1954 and they consistently
regulated jurisdiction is transferred
recorded
D. it allows faster times ever
the transfer since, horses
of money in
have been
classic races such as the Kentucky Derby have
placed in a bank in with
a lesslittle
regulated jurisdiction
had winning times improvement:
E.
Secretariat’s world-record-breakinginDerby
it allows money placed in a bank a lesstime
regulated jurisdiction to be transferred
of 1:59 2/5, for example, was set in 1973 and
remained unsurpassed more than a quarter of a
century later.
A. they consistently recorded faster times ever
since, horses in classic races such as the
Kentucky Derby have had winning times with
little improvement
B. they have consistently recorded faster times
ever since, those of horses in classic races such
as the Kentucky Derby have shown little
improvement in winning times
C. have consistently recorded faster times ever
since, horses in classic races such as the
Kentucky Derby have shown little improvement
in winning times
D. have consistently recorded faster times ever
since, in those of classic races such as the
Kentucky Derby, horses have had winning times
with little improvement
E. consistently recorded faster times ever since,
those of horses in classic races such as the
ADVSC92 Marconi’s conception of the radio was as a
substitute for the telephone, a tool for private
conversation; instead, it is precisely the
opposite, a tool for communicating with a large,
public audience.
A. Marconi’s conception of the radio was as a
substitute for the telephone, a tool for private
conversation; instead, it is
B. Marconi conceived of the radio as a
substitute for the telephone, a tool for private
conversation, but which is
C. Marconi conceived of the radio as a tool for
ADVSC93 private conversation
The single-family thatconstructed
house could substitute
by thefor
the telephone; instead, it has become
Yana, a Native American people who lived in
D. Marconi
what is nowconceived of the radiowas
northern California, to be a toolin
conical
for private conversation, a substitute
shape, its framework of poles overlaid with for the
telephone, which has become
slabs of bark, either cedar or pine, and banked
E. Marconi
with dirt to conceived
a height ofofthree
the radio
to four to feet.
be a
substitute for the telephone,
A. banked with dirt to a height of a tool for private
conversation,
B. banked withother than
dirt as high what it is,of
as that
C. banked them with dirt to a height of
ADVSC94 On Earth,
D. was among
banked thedirt
with surest indications
as high as of
sunspot
E. was banked with dirt as high as that of that
cycles are believed to be the rate
trees grow, as seen in the rings visible in the
cross sections of their trunks.
A. On Earth, among the surest indications of
sunspot cycles are believed to be the rate that
trees grow
B. On Earth, among the surest indications of
sunspot cycles are, it is believed, the rate of
tree growth
C. On Earth, the rate at which trees grow is
believed to be among the surest indications of
sunspot cycles
D. Among the surest indications on Earth of
sunspot cycles, believed to be the tree growth
rate
E. Among the surest indications on Earth of
sunspot cycles is believed to be the rate at
which trees grow

ADVSC95 Since 1975 so many people have been moving

to Utah such that Mormons who were once 75
percent of the population are now only
accounting for half of it.
A. so many people have been moving to Utah
such that Mormons who were once 75 percent
of the population are now only accounting for
half of it
B. many people have been moving to Utah, so
Mormons once 75 percent of the population
are now accounting for only half
C. that many people have been moving to Utah,
such that the Mormons that were once 75
percent of the population are now accounting
for only half of it
D. many people have been moving to Utah such
that the Mormons, who once represented 75
percent of the population, now only account for
half
E. so many people have been moving to Utah
that the Mormons, who once represented 75
ADVSC96 When working with overseas clients, an
understanding of cultural norms is at least as
important as grasping the pivotal business
issues for the global manager.
A. When working with overseas clients, an
understanding of cultural norms is at least as
important as grasping the pivotal business
issues for the global manager.
B. When they work with overseas clients,
understanding cultural norms is at least of
ADVSC97 equal
Were it importance
not for thetofusion-powered
the global manager
heat as
and
grasping the pivotal business issues.
radiation that rush from its core, instead its
C.
ownForweight
globalwould
managers
cause working with
a star to overseas
collapse.
clients,
A. instead its own weight would causeisaat
understanding cultural norms least
star to
as important as grasping the pivotal business
collapse
issues.
B. instead a star would have collapsed under its
D.
own Forweight
global managers working with overseas
clients,
C. a staran understanding
would have to beof cultural norms
collapsing under is
itsat
least weight
own as important to them as that they grasp
the
D. apivotal business
star would issues.
collapse under its own weight
E.
E. its own weight would havewith
Global managers working overseas
caused a star’s
clients
collapse find an understanding of cultural norms
to be equally important as grasping the pivotal
business issues.
ADVSC98 Although energy prices have tripled in the
United States over the last two years, research
indicates few people to have significantly
reduced the amount of driving they do, nor are
they making fuel efficiency a priority when
shopping for cars.
A. few people to have significantly reduced the
amount of driving they do, nor are they making
B. few people having significantly reduced the
amount of driving they do or made
C. that there are few people who have
significantly reduced the amount of driving they
do, nor having made
D. that few people have significantly reduced
the amount of driving they do and are not
ADVSC99 In 1914 a total of 469,000 cars and trucks were
making
ADVSC100 produced
Heavy
E. fewinpeople
the United
that commitment by an
have States, but into
executive
significantly 1929
a course
reduced
of
theaction,
amountespecially if itthey
of driving hasdo
worked
or madewell in the
past, makes it likely to miss signs of incipient
trouble or misinterpret them when they do
appear.
A. Heavy commitment by an executive to a
course of action, especially if it has worked well
in the past, makes it likely to miss signs of
incipient trouble or misinterpret them when
they do appear.
B. An executive who is heavily committed to a
course of action, especially one that worked
well in the past, makes missing signs of
incipient trouble or misinterpreting ones likely
when they do appear.
C. An executive who is heavily committed to a
course of action is likely to miss or misinterpret
signs of incipient trouble when they do appear,
especially if it has worked well in the past.
D. Executives’ being heavily committed to a
course of action, especially if it has worked well
in the past, makes them likely to miss signs of
incipient trouble or misinterpreting them when
they do appear.
ADVSC101 Approved April 24, 1800, the act of Congress
that made provision for the removal of the
government of the United States to the new
federal city, Washington, D.C., also established
the Library of Congress.
A. Approved April 24, 1800, the act of Congress
that made provision for the removal of the
government of the United States to the new
federal city, Washington, D.C., also established
B. The act of Congress, which was approved
April 24, 1800, making provision for the
removal of the government of the United
States to the new federal city, Washington,
D.C., also established
ADVSC102 Emily
C. TheDickinson’s letters
act of Congress to SusanApril
approved Huntington
24, 1800,
Dickinson
which made provision for the removalbeginning
were written over a period of the
agovernment
few years before
of the Susan’s marriage
United States to Emily’s
to the new
brother and Washington,
federal city, ending shortlyD.C.,
before
andEmily’s death
established
in 1886, outnumbering her letters to
D. Approved April 24, 1800, making provision anyone
else.
for the removal of the government of the
A. Dickinson
United Stateswere written
to the over a period
new federal city,
beginning a few years before
Washington, D.C., the act of CongressSusan’s marriage
also
to Emily’s brother and ending shortly before
established
Emily’s deathApril
E. Approved in 1886, outnumbering
24, 1800, the act of Congress
B. Dickinson were written
made provision for the removal over aofperiod
the that
begins
government of the United States to the newto
a few years before Susan’s marriage
Emily’s
federal brother and endedD.C.,
city, Washington, shortly
alsobefore
establishing
Emily’s death in 1886, outnumber
C. Dickinson, written over a period beginning a
few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s
brother and that ends shortly before Emily’s
death in 1886 and outnumbering
D. Dickinson, which were written over a period
beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage
ADVSC103 Prospecting for goldending
to Emily’s brother, duringshortly
the California gold
before Emily’s
rush
deathwas a relatively
in 1886, easy task, because of
and outnumbering
erosion, prehistoric
E. Dickinson, glacierwritten
which were movement,
over aandperiod
ancient,
beginning gold-bearing
a few yearsriverbeds thrustmarriage
before Susan’s to the
surface bybrother
to Emily’s volcanicand
activity
endingputshortly
gold literally
before
within
Emily’sreach
deathfor anybody
in 1886, with a pan or shovel.
outnumber
A. because of erosion, prehistoric glacier
movement, and ancient, gold-bearing riverbeds
thrust to the surface by volcanic activity put
gold literally within reach for
B. because of erosion, prehistoric glacier
movement, and volcanic activity that thrust
ancient, gold-bearing riverbeds to the surface,
and putting gold literally within reach of
C. owing to erosion, prehistoric glacier
movement, and volcanic activity that had thrust
ancient, gold-bearing riverbeds to the surface,
and putting gold literally within reach of
D. since erosion, prehistoric glacier movement,
and volcanic activity that thrust ancient,
goldbearing riverbeds to the surface, putting
gold literally within reach for
E. since erosion, prehistoric glacier movement,
and ancient, gold-bearing riverbeds thrust to
the surface by volcanic activity put gold literally
within reach of
ADVSC104 In an attempt to guarantee the security of its
innovative water purification method, the
company required each employee to sign a
confidentiality agreement prohibiting that its
water purification methods be disclosed to
companies using an analogous purification
process.
A. prohibiting that its water purification
methods be disclosed to companies
B. prohibiting them from the disclosing of its
water purification methods to any company
C. prohibiting disclosure of its water purification
methods to any company
D. that would prohibit them from disclosure of
its water purification methods to companies
E. that would prohibit its water purification
methods to be disclosed to a company
ADVSC105 The first English settlers to establish a
permanent colony in America did it not at
Plymouth but along the shore of the James
River west of Chesapeake Bay.
A. it not at Plymouth but
B. so not at Plymouth but
C. not at Plymouth but instead
ADVSC106 South
D. not American
at Plymouthbirdbut
that
didforages
so for winged
termites and other small insects
E. it not at Plymouth but rather while swinging
upside down from the foliage of tall trees, the
graveteiro belongs to the ovenbird family, a
group of New World tropical birds that includes
more than 230 species and that are
represented in virtually every kind of habitat.
A. graveteiro belongs to the ovenbird family, a
group of New World tropical birds that includes
more than 230 species and that are
B. graveteiro belongs to the ovenbird family, a
group of New World tropical birds that includes
more than 230 species and is
C. graveteiro belongs to the ovenbird family, a
group of New World tropical birds that include
more than 230 species and is
D. graveteiro, which belongs to the ovenbird
family, a group of New World tropical birds that
includes more than 230 species and that are
E. graveteiro, which belongs to the ovenbird
family, a group of New World tropical birds that
includes more than 230 species and is
ADVSC107 Fossils of the arm of a sloth found in Puerto
Rico in 1991, and dated at 34 million years old,
made it the earliest known mammal of the
Greater Antilles islands.
A. sloth found in Puerto Rico in 1991, and dated
at 34 million years old, made it the earliest
known mammal of
B. sloth, that they found in Puerto Rico in 1991,
has been dated at 34 million years old, thus
making it the earliest mammal known on
C. sloth that was found in Puerto Rico in 1991,
was dated at 34 million years old, making this
the earliest known mammal of
D. sloth, found in Puerto Rico in 1991, have
been dated at 34 million years old, making the
sloth the earliest known mammal on
E. sloth which, found in Puerto Rico in 1991,
was dated at 34 million years old, made the
sloth the earliest known mammal of

ADVSC108 In Scotland, the number of wild salmon have

been reduced because of uncontrolled deep-
sea and coastal netting, by pollution, and by
various other threats to the fish’s habitat.
A. number of wild salmon have been reduced
because of uncontrolled deep-sea and coastal
netting
B. number of wild salmon is reduced because
deep-sea and coastal netting is not controlled
C. numbers of wild salmon has been reduced
because of uncontrolled deep-sea and coastal
netting
D. wild salmon’s numbers are reduced by deep-
sea and coastal netting that is not controlled
E. wild salmon’s numbers have been reduced
by uncontrolled deep-sea and coastal netting

ADVSC109 A scrub jay can remember when it cached a

particular piece of food in a particular place,
researchers have discovered, and tend not to
bother to recover a perishable treat if stored
long enough to have rotted.
A. tend not to bother to recover a perishable
treat if
B. they tend not to bother recovering a
perishable treat
C. tending not to bother to recover a perishable
treat it
D. tends not to bother recovering a perishable
treat
E. tends not bothering to recover a perishable
treat it
ADVSC110 The population of India has been steadily
increasing for decades, and it will probably have
what is estimated as 1.6 billion people by 2050
and surpass China as the world’s most populous
nation.
A. it will probably have what is estimated as
B. they are likely to have
C. the country will probably have
D. there will probably be
E. there will be an estimated

ADVSC111 Unlike that of earlier works on slavery,

Blassingame’s innovative study relies not on the
records of White slave owners but on the
records of the salves themselves, especially the
70 or so autobiographies and memoirs that
have been preserved.
A. that of earlier words on slavery,
Blassingame’s
B. that of earlier works on slavery, Blassingame
in his
C. earlier works on slavery, Blassingame in his
ADVSC112 D. earlier
In the works century,
sixteenth on slavery,
theBlassingame’s
push for greater
E.
precision in measuring time wasBlassingame
the earlier works on slavery, in
not, like more
his
recently, motivated by complicated
philosophical questions about the nature of
matter and the universe, but the practical
matters of navigation: sailors simply needed
more highly accurate timepieces in order to
compute their longitude from the positions of
the stars.
A. not, like more recently, motivated by
complicated philosophical questions about the
nature of matter and the universe, but the
practical matters of navigation
B. being motivated by the practical matters of
navigation, instead of complicated
philosophical questions about the nature of
matter and the universe, as it has been recently
C. motivated not by complicated philosophical
questions about the nature of matter and the
universe, like they were more recently, but by
the practical matters of navigation
D. motivated by the practical matters of
navigation, not complicated philosophical
questions about the nature of matter and the
universe, which was the case more recently
E. motivated not by complicated philosophical
questions about the nature of matter and the
universe, as has been the case more recently,
but by the practical matters of navigation.
ADVSC113 The normative model of strategic decision-
making suggests that executives examine a
firm’s external environment and internal
conditions, and in using the set of objective
criteria they derive from these analyses, can
decide on a strategy.
A. conditions, and in using the set of objective
criteria they derive from these analyses, can
decide
B. conditions, and they use the set of objective
criteria derived from these analyses in deciding
C. conditions and, in using the set of objective
criteria derived from these analyses, deciding
D. conditions and, using the set of objective
criteria derived from these analyses, decide
E. conditions and, in their use of the set of
objective criteria they derive from these
analyses, they decide

ADVSC114 Unlike mainstream American businesses, more

than half of which fail, the failure rate for
businesses in the Amish community hovers
around 5 percent.
A. Unlike mainstream American businesses,
more than half of which fail
B. Unlike mainstream American businesses, in
which the failure rate is more than half
C. Unlike mainstream American businesses,
where more than half of them fail
D. While the rate of mainstream American
ADVSC115 businesses
In late 1997,failing is more than
the chambers halfthe pyramid
inside
E. While
of more than
the Pharaoh half of at
Menkaure mainstream
Giza were closed
American
to visitors businesses
for cleaningfail
and repair due to
moisture exhaled by tourists, which raised its
humidity to such levels so that salt from the
stone was crystallizing and fungus was growing
on the walls.
A. due to moisture exhaled by tourists, which
raised its humidity to such levels so that salt
from the stone was crystallizing
B. due to moisture that tourists had exhaled,
thereby raising its humidity to such levels that
salt from the stone would crystallize
C. because tourists were exhaling moisture,
which had raised the humidity within them to
levels such that salt from the stone would
crystallize
D. because of moisture that was exhaled by
tourists raising the humidity within them to
levels so high as to make the salt from the
stone crystallize
E. because moisture exhaled by tourists had
raised the humidity within them to such levels
that salt from the stone was crystallizing
ADVSC116 As sources of electrical power, windmills now
account for only about 2,500 megawatts
nationwide, but production is almost expected
to double by the end of the year, which would
provide enough electricity for 1.3 million
households.
A. almost expected to double by the end of the
year, which would provide
B. almost expected that it will double by the
end of the year, thus providing
C. expected that it will almost double by the
end of the year to provide
ADVSC117 In
D. attempting to solve
expected almost to the problems
double by thecaused by
end of the
ayear
lowering of the
and thus price of oil, oil companies
to provide.
operating
E. expected in almost
the North Sea have
to double by taken
the enda variety
of the
of approaches,
year, which would which
thusincludes their reducing
be providing
employment, using new technology to pump oil
more efficiently from smaller fields, and finding
innovative ways to cut the cost of building and
operating platforms.
A. which includes their reducing employment,
using new technology to pump oil more
ADVSC118 efficiently
Five hundred million different species of living
B. which includes
creatures reducingonemployment,
have appeared Earth, nearlyusing
99
new technology to be
percent of them vanishing. more efficient in
pumping
A. oil
Five hundred million different species of
C. which
living includehave
creatures reducing employment,
appeared on Earth,using
nearly
new technology
99 percent of themto pump oil more efficiently
vanishing.
D. which include
B. Nearly 99 percentthe reduction of employment,
of five hundred million
their using
different new technology
species to pumpthat
of living creatures oil more
efficient on Earth have vanished.
appeared
E. including
C. Vanished aare reduction
nearly 99 ofpercent
employment,
of the their
five
use of new
hundred technology
million differentto species
be moreofefficient
living at
pumping
creaturesoilthat appeared on Earth.
D. Of five hundred million different species of
living creatures that have appeared on Earth,
nearly 99 percent of them have vanished.
E. Of the five hundred million different species
of living creatures that have appeared on Earth,
nearly 99 percent have vanished.
ADVSC119 Not one of the potential investors is expected
to make an offer to buy First Interstate Bank
until a merger agreement is signed that
includes a provision for penalties if the deal
were not to be concluded.
A. is expected to make an offer to buy First
Interstate Bank until a merger agreement is
signed that includes a provision for penalties if
the deal were
B. is expected to make an offer for buying First
Interstate Bank until they sign a merger
agreement including a provision for penalties if
the deal was
C. is expected to make an offer to buy First
Interstate Bank until a merger agreement be
signed by them with a provision for penalties if
the deal were
D. are expected to make an offer for buying
First Interstate Bank until it signs a merger
agreement with a provision for penalties
ADVSC120 included
Many if the
of the deal was
earliest known images of Hindu
E. are expected
deities to befrom
in India date making an offer
the time to buy
of the
First Interstate
Kushan empire,Bank until they
fashioned sign
either a merger
from the
agreement including
spotted sandstone ofaMathura
provisionorfor penalties if
Gandharan
the deal
grey were
schist.
A. empire, fashioned either from the spotted
sandstone of Mathura or
B. empire, fashioned from either the spotted
sandstone of Mathura or from
C. empire, either fashioned from the spotted
sandstone of Mathura or
D. empire and either fashioned from the
ADVSC121 Plants
spottedare more efficient
sandstone at acquiring
of Mathura or fromcarbon
than are fungi,
E. empire in thefashioned
and were form of carbon dioxide,
either from the
and converting
spotted sandstone it toofenergy-rich
Mathura orsugars.
from
A. Plants are more efficient at acquiring carbon
than are fungi
B. Plants are more efficient at acquiring carbon
than fungi
C. Plants are more efficient than fungi at
acquiring carbon
D. Plants, more efficient than fungi at acquiring
carbon
E. Plants acquire carbon more efficiently than
fungi

ADVSC122 Scientists have dated sharp-edged flakes of

stone found in the fine-grained sediments of a
dry riverbed in the Afar region of Ethiopia to
between 2.52 and 2.60 million years ago,
pushing back by more than 150,000 years the
earliest date when it is known that humans
made stone tools.
A. when it is known that humans made
B. at which it is known that humans had made
C. at which humans are known to have made
D. that humans are known to be making
E. of humans who were known to make
ADVSC123 According to analysts, an alliance between
three major personal computer companies and
most of the nation’s largest local telephone
companies would enable customers to receive
Internet data over regular telephone lines with
speeds much higher than is currently possible.
A. with speeds much higher than is
B. with speeds that are much higher than are
C. at much higher speeds as are
D. at much higher speeds than that
E. at speeds much higher than are
ADVSC124 Heirloom tomatoes, grown from seeds saved
from the previous year, only look less
appetizing than their round and red
supermarket cousins, often green and striped,
or have plenty of bumps and bruises, but are
more flavorful.
A. cousins, often green and striped, or have
plenty of bumps and bruises, but are
B. cousins, often green and striped, or with
plenty of bumps and bruises, although
C. cousins, often green and striped, or they
have plenty of bumps and bruises, although
they are
D. cousins; they are often green and striped, or
with plenty of bumps and bruises, although
E. cousins; they are often green and striped, or
ADVSC125 have plenty of
Researchers in bumps
Germany andhave
bruises, but they are
unearthed
400,000-year-old wooden spears from what it
appears was an ancient lakeshore hunting
ground as stunning evidence of human
ancestors who systematically hunted big game
much earlier than believed.
A. it appears was an ancient lakeshore hunting
ground as stunning evidence of human
ancestors who
B. it appears had been an ancient lakeshore
hunting ground and stunning evidence that
human ancestors
C. appears was an ancient lakeshore hunting
ground and is stunning evidence that human
ADVSC126 Regardless of their form or function, all
ancestors
aerodynamically enhanced, curved objects
D. appears to be an ancient lakeshore hunting
made for throwing have been called
ground, stunning evidence that human
boomerangs by non-Australians even since
ancestors
1788, when Europeans saw Dharug-peaking
E.
menappears
tossingthat it is an ancient
“bumariny” in the lakeshore
area later
hunting ground, stunning evidence of human
known as Sydney.
ancestors who
A. Regardless of their form or function, all
aerodynamically enhanced, curved objects
made for throwing have been called
boomerangs by non-Australians even since
1788,
B. Regardless of their form or function, any
aerodynamically enhanced, curved object made
for throwing has been called a boomerang by
non-Australians even since 1788,
C. Ever since 1788, non-Australians have called
all aerodynamically enhanced, curved objects
made for throwing boomerangs, regardless of
their form or function, from
D. Ever since 1788, any aerodynamically
enhanced, curved object made for throwing has
been called a boomerang by non-Australians,
ADVSC127 The electronics company has unveiled what it
claims to be the world’s smallest network
digital camcorder, the length of which is that of
a handheld computer, and it weighs less than
11 ounces.
A. to be the world’s smallest network digital
camcorder, the length of which is that of a
handheld computer, and it weighs
B. to be the smallest network digital camcorder
in the world, which is as long as a handheld
computer, weighing
C. is the smallest network digital camcorder in
the world, which is as long as a handheld
computer, and it weighs
D. is the world’s smallest network digital
camcorder, which is as long as a handheld
computer and weighs
E. is the world’s smallest network digital
camcorder, the length of which is that of a
handheld computer, weighing

ADVSC128 Because an oversupply of computer chips has

sent prices plunging, the manufacturer has
announced that it will cut production by closing
its factories for two days a month.
A. Because an oversupply of computer chips
has sent prices plunging
B. Because of plunging prices for computer
chips, which is due to an oversupply
C. Because computer chip prices have been
sent plunging, which resulted from an
Oversupply
D. Due to plunging computer chip prices from
an oversupply
E. Due to an oversupply, with the result that
computer chip prices have been sent plunging
ADVSC129 Almost like clones in their similarity to one
another, the cheetah species’ homogeneity
makes them especially vulnerable to disease.
A. the cheetah species’ homogeneity makes
them especially vulnerable to disease
B. the cheetah species is especially vulnerable
to disease because of its homogeneity
C. the homogeneity of the cheetah species
makes it especially vulnerable to disease
D. homogeneity makes members of the
cheetah species especially vulnerable to disease
E. members of the cheetah species are
especially vulnerable to disease because of
their homogeneity
ADVSC130 The Environmental Protection Agency’s
proposal to place restrictions on both diesel
fuel and diesel engines has sparked a
counterattack by the oil industry, saying that
the move will exacerbate the nation’s fuel
supply problems.
A. on both diesel fuel and diesel engines has
sparked a counterattack by the oil industry,
saying
B. on both diesel fuel and engines have sparked
the oil industry to counterattack, and they say
C. on both diesel fuel and diesel engines has
sparked a counterattack by the oil industry,
which says
D. both on diesel fuel and engines has sparked
the oil industry to a counterattack, saying
E. both on diesel fuel and diesel engines have
sparked the oil industry to counterattack, and it
says

ADVSC131 The Acoma and Hopi are probably the two

oldest surviving Pueblo communities, both
dating back at least a thousand years.
A. both dating
B. both of which have dated
C. and each has dated
D. and each one dating
E. each one of which date
ADVSC132 Neither First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt nor
Secretary of Labor Frances Perkins sought
recognition by the press, and both cautiously
allowed others of the Roosevelt brain trust to
take credit for the genesis of historic programs
in public employment, relief, and social security
that were in large measure what they had been
responsible for.
A. to take credit for the genesis of historic
programs in public employment, relief, and
social security that were in large measure what
they had been responsible for
B. to take credit for the genesis of historic
programs in public employment, relief, and
social security for which the two women were
in large measure responsible
ADVSC133 Unlike
C. taking thecredit
manyfor winter greens of
the genesis that have tough
historic
leaves
programs andinthus require
public a lengthyrelief,
employment, cookingandtime,
those
social of escarole
security for need
whichlittle
the ortwonowomen
cooking.were
A. manymeasure
in large winter greens that have tough leaves
responsible
and thus require
D. taking credit fora lengthy
the genesiscooking time, those
of historic
of escaroleinneed
programs public employment, relief, and
B. many
social winterthat
security greens
werethat have measure
in large tough leaves
what
and
theythuswererequire a lengthy
responsible for cooking time,
escarole
E. taking needs
credit for the genesis of historic
ADVSC134 C. tough
After
programs leaves
several of many
years
in public winter
of rapid
employment, greens
growth, theand
relief, that
health
and
they
care require
securityforwhich
socialcompany a lengthy
became onecooking
were time, health
of the their
largely largest
escarole
care needsin the metropolitan area, while it
providers
responsibility
D. tough
then provedleaves of many
unable winterthe
to handle greens and in
increase the
requirement
business, thatmonths
falling they havebehinda lengthy cooking
in its payment
time,
to thoseand
doctors of escarole
hospitals.need
E.
A. lengthy
while it cooking timeunable
then proved required to by the many
handle the
winter greens
increase with tough
in business, falling leaves,
months escarole
behind in
needs
its payment to
B. while it then proved unable to handle the
increase in business and fell months behind in
its payment to
C. but then it proved unable to handle the
increase in business, falling months behind in
its paying
D. but then proving unable to handle the
ADVSC135 Under
increase high pressure and
in business, fallingintense
months heat, graphite,
behind in
the
payingmost stable form of pure carbon, changes
into
E. but the substance
then proved commonly referred
unable to handle theto as
diamond
increase in business, falling months behindorin
and remaining this way whether
not
payingthe heat and pressure are removed.
A. remaining this way whether or not
B. remaining like that even as
C. remaining as such whether or not
D. remains in this way although
E. remains thus even when
ADVSC136 The global-warming effect of ocean white caps
are one of the many aspects of the ocean
environment that are not yet incorporated in
any detail into the computer models used for
predicting how rising greenhouse gas
concentrations could affect climate.
A. The global-warming effect of ocean white
caps are one of the many aspects of the ocean
environment that are not yet incorporated in
any detail into the computer models used for
predicting
B. The effect on global warming of ocean white
caps are one of the many aspects of the ocean
environment not yet incorporated in any detail
ADVSC137 into
Tomcomputer
Bradley wasmodels,
mayorwhich
of Losthey use to
Angeles from
predict
1973 to 1993, an era when the city had
C. The effect from
transformed of ocean white caps
a collection on global
of suburban
warming is one to
neighborhoods of the second-largest
many aspects ofcity thein the
ocean environment
United States. that are not yet
incorporated
A. an era when in the
anycity
detail
hadinto the computer
transformed
models used to predict
B. an era during which the city was transformed
D. an
C. That
eraocean white caps have
that transformed it an effect on
global
D. warming
during which isera
one
theofcity
thetransformed
many aspects of
ADVSC138 The
the results
ocean
E. during of the
thecompany’s
environment
which not yet
city was cost-cutting
having been
transformed
measures
incorporatedareinevident in itsinto
any detail profits, which
the computer
increased
models that five percent
are used forduring the first three
predicting
months of thiswhite
E. That ocean year after
caps it fell an
have over the last
effect on two
years.
global warming is one of the many aspects of
A.
thewhich
oceanincreased five percent
environment during the first
not yet being
three monthsin
incorporated ofany
thisdetail
year after it fell
into computer
B. whichwhich
models, had increased
they use five percent during the
to predict
first three months of this year after it had fallen
C. which have increased five percent during the
first three months of this year after falling
D. with a five percent increase during the first
three months of this year after falling
E. with a five percent increase during the first
three months of this year after having fallen

ADVSC139 Part of the proposed increase in state

education spending is due to higher enrollment,
since the number of students in public schools
have grown steadily since the mid- 1980’s and,
at nearly 47 million, are at a record high.
A. enrollment, since the number of students in
public schools have grown steadily since the
mid-1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, are at
B. enrollment, with a number of students in
public schools growing steadily since the mid-
1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, reaching
C. enrollment: since students in public schools
have grown steadily in number since the mid-
1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, have reached
D. enrollment: the number of students in public
schools has grown steadily since the mid-
1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, has reached
E. enrollment: students in public schools have
grown steadily in number since the mid- 1980’s
and, at nearly 47million, are at
ADVSC140 Vivien Thomas, who had no formal medical
training, in struggling against overwhelming
odds, he became a cardiac surgeon and
eventually to receive an honorary doctorate
from Johns Hopkins University.
A. who had no formal medical training, in
struggling against over whelming odds, he
became
B. having had no formal medical training, in
struggling against overwhelming odds to
become
C. who, having no formal medical training, he
struggled against overwhelming odds in
becoming
D. who, having had no formal medical training
and struggled against overwhelming odds,
became
ADVSC141 The yield
E. who ofno
had natural
formal gas from Norway’s
medical training, Troll gas
field
struggled against overwhelming oddsuntil
is expected to increase annually to the
year
become2005 and then to stabilize at six billion
cubic feet a day, which will allow such an
extraction rate at least for 50 years’ production
A. 2005 and then to stabilize at six billion cubic
feet a day, which will allow such an extraction
rate at least for
B. 2005 and then to stabilize at six billion cubic
feet a day, an extraction rate that will allow at
least
C. 2005 and then stabilizing at six billion cubic
feet a day, with such an extraction rate at the
least allowing
D. 2005, then stabilizing at six billion cubic feet
a day, allowing such an extraction rate for at
least
E. 2005, then stabilizing at six billion cubic feet
ADVSC142 a day, which
Nobody knows willexactly
allow such an extraction
how many rate
languages
for at are
there leastin the world, partly because of the
difficulty of distinguishing between a language
and the sub-languages or dialects within it, but
those who have tried to count typically have
found about five thousand.
A. and the sub-languages or dialects within it,
but those who have tried to count typically
have found
B. and the sub-languages or dialects within
them, with those who have tried counting
typically finding
C. and the sub-languages or dialects within it,
but those who have tried counting it typically
find
D. or the sub-languages or dialects within them,
but those who tried to count them typically
found
E. or the sub-languages or dialects within them,
with those who have tried to count typically
finding
ADVSC143 Discussion of greenhouse effects has usually
focused on whether the Earth would warm and
by how much, but climatologists have indicated
all along that the most obvious effects, and
those that would have the largest impact on
people, would be extremes of temperature,
precipitation, and storminess.
A. the most obvious effects, and those that
would have the largest impact on people,
would be extremes of temperature,
precipitation, and storminess
B. the effects that are the most obvious ones,
extremes of temperature, precipitation, and
storminess, would be those impacting the most
on people
C. those effects to have the largest impact on
people, extremes of temperature, precipitation,
and storminess, are what are the most obvious
effects
ADVSC144 The IndustrialofRevolution,
D. extremes temperature,making it possibleand
precipitation, to
mass-produce manufactured goods, was
storminess, the most obvious effects, that they
marked
would haveby their use of new
the largest machines,
impact on people new
energy sources, and new basic materials.
E. extremes of temperature, precipitation, and
A. making it which
storminess, possiblearetothe
mass-produce
most obvious effects,
manufactured goods,
are those to impact was
the marked
most by their use
on people
of
B. making possible the mass production of
manufactured goods, marked by the use of
C. which made it possible that manufactured
goods were mass-produced, was marked by
their using
D. which made possible the mass production of
manufactured goods, was marked by the use of
ADVSC145 Japan’s
E. whichabundant
made therainfall and the typically
mass production of mild
ADVSC146 temperature
In California, athroughout
manufactured goods mostvariation
lack ofpossible
genetic of the
and wascountry
marked
in the
by using ant has allowed the species to spread
Argentine
widely; due to their being so genetically similar
to one another, the ants consider all their
fellows to be a close relative and thus do not
engage in the kind of fierce inter-colony
struggles that limits the spread of this species in
its native Argentina.
A. due to their being so genetically similar
to one another, the ants consider all their
fellows to be a close relative and thus do not
engage in the kind of fierce inter-colony
struggles that
limits
B. due to its being so genetically similar the ant
considers all its fellows to be a close relative
and thus does not engage in the kind of fierce
inter-colony struggles that limit
C. because it is so genetically similar, the ant
considers all its fellows to be close relatives and
thus does not engage in the kind of fierce inter-
colony struggles that limits
D. because they are so genetically similar to
one another, the ants consider all their fellows
to be close relatives and thus do not engage in
the kind of fierce inter-colony struggles that
limit
E. because of being so genetically similar to one
another, the ants consider all their fellows to be
a close relative and thus do not engage in the
kind of fierce inter-colony struggles that limits
ADVSC147 Recent findings lend strong support to the
theory that a black hole lies at the center of
the Milky Way and of many of the 100 billion
other galaxies estimated to exist in the
universe. A.
that a black hole lies at the center of the Milky
Way and of
B. that a black hole lies at the Milky Way’s
center and
C. that there is a black hole lying at the Milky
ADVSC148 Way’s
A Harvardcenter and
anthropologist has proposed that
D.
using fire to cook lying
of a black hole food at the Milky
could Way’s
be dated back to
center and
almost two million years and that it could
E. of a black
explain hole features
hominid that lies at
likethe center
having of the
a large
Milky Way and of
brain and small teeth.
A. using fire to cook food could be dated back
to almost two million years and that it could
explain hominid features like having
B. the use of fire to cook food could date back
almost two million years and could explain such
hominid features as
C. cooking food with fire could date back to
ADVSC149 almost two to
In contrast million years, explaining
environmentalists’ hominid
proposals to
features like
limit emissions of certain pollutants, the
D. fire used to cook
administration food could
proposed callingdate
for back
mandatory
almost two million years, explaining
restrictions of only three such pollutants hominid
from
features such as havingsulfur dioxide, and
power plants-mercury,
E. fire used
nitrogen for cooking
oxides-and thefood
plancould
wouldbedelay
datedsuch
back to almost
cuts until 2010 two million years and explain
or later.
hominid features like
A. administration proposed calling for
mandatory restriction of
B. administration proposed a call for mandatory
restrictions, including those for
C. administration, proposing mandatory
restrictions on
ADVSC150 D. administration’s proposal was a call for
mandatory restrictions, which include
E. administration’s proposal would call for
mandatory restrictions on

Most states impose limitations on the authority

of the legislature to borrow money, with their
objectives being to protect taxpayers and the
credit of the state government.
A. to borrow money, with their objectives being
to protect
B. to borrow money, the objectives of which
are the protecting of
C. to borrow money, limitations intended to
protect
D. for borrowing money, of which the objective
is protecting
E. for borrowing money, limitations with the
intent of protecting
 The army cutworm moth is a critical source of
fat for many of Yellowstone National Park’s
grizzly bears; they overturn rocks to find them
and consuming as many as 40,000 apiece in a
ADVSC151 single day.
A. bears; they overturn rocks to find them and
consuming as many as
B. bears; overturning rocks to find the insects,
consuming up to
C. bears, overturning rocks to find them and
they consume as many as
D. bears, and they overturn rocks to find them
and consume up to
E. bears, which overturn rocks to find the
insects, consuming as many as
ADVSC152 New items developed for automobiles in the
1997 model year included a safer air bag,
which, unlike previous air bags, eliminated the
possibility that a burst of smoke would appear
when the bag inflated, and making an already
terrified passenger think the car was on fire.
A. inflated, and making
B. inflated, so that it could make
C. inflated and made
D. inflated and make
E. inflated to make
ADVSC153 Though the law will require emissions testing of
all diesel vehicles, from tractor trailers to
excursion buses, it will have no effect on sport
utility vehicles, almost all of which are gasoline
powered, and will not be subjected to
emissions control standards as stringent as
they are for diesel-powered vehicles.
A. powered, and will not be subjected to
emissions-control standards as stringent as they
are for
B. powered, and therefore not subjected to
emissions-control standards that are as
stringent as those of
C. powered and therefore not subject to
emissions-control standards as stringent as
those for
D. powered, which are not subject to
emissions-control standards as stringent as they
are for
E. powered and therefore they are not subject
ADVSC154 Doctors hope that one
to emissions-control day the body’s
standards master
as stringent as
cells, called stem cells, can be directed to grow
those of
in organs or tissues appropriate for transplant,
use them to test drugs and potentially toxic
chemicals, and may study them to gain insight
into basic human biology.
A. transplant, use them to test drugs and
potentially toxic chemicals, and may study
them
B. transplant, using them to test drugs and
potentially toxic chemicals, and studied
C. transplant, used to test drugs and potentially
toxic chemicals, and studied
D. a transplant, use them for testing drugs and
potentially toxic chemicals, and for studying
E. a transplant, used to test drugs and
potentially toxic chemicals, and may study
them
 Navigators have known for thousands of years
that the ocean has variable currents, but it is
ADVSC155 only in the last half century that a reasonably
clear picture has emerged of the patterns and
causes of ocean currents.
A. a reasonably clear picture has emerged of
the patterns and causes of ocean currents
B. a reasonably clear picture of the patterns of
ocean currents and their causes have emerged
C. a reasonably clear picture emerged of ocean
currents, their patterns and the causes of them
D. there have emerged a reasonably clear
picture of the patterns of ocean currents and
what caused them
E. there had emerged a reasonably clear picture
of the patterns of ocean currents and their
causes
ADVSC156 Deliberately imitating the technique of Louis
Armstrong, jazz singer Billie Holiday’s approach
to singing was to use her voice like an
instrument, in that she ranged freely over the
beat, flattened out the melodic contours of
tunes, and, in effect, recomposed songs to suit
her range, style, and artistic sensibilities.
A. Billie Holiday’s approach to singing was to
use her voice like an instrument, in that she
ranged freely over the beat, flattened
B.
TheBillie Holiday’s
particular approach
design to singing
of muscles was toin
and bones
use her voice in a similar way to how
the neck and limbs of the turtle allow that it other
musicians
can draw in play
its instruments,
exposed parts in such
ranging
thatfreely
an
ADVSC157 over the can
attacker beat,findflattening
nothing but hard shell to bite.
C.
A. Billie
allowHoliday
that it can approached
draw in itssinging by using
exposed parts
her voice
such that like other musicians played
instruments, ranging
B. allow it to draw freely
in its over the
exposed beat,
parts, and so
flattening
C. allows for it to draw in its exposed parts and
D. Billie Holiday used her voice in the same way
that
that otherthat
D. allows musicians use their
it can draw in itsinstruments,
exposed parts,in
that
and soshe ranged freely over the beat, flattening
Billie Holiday
E. allows it to draw approached singing
in its exposed by using
parts, her
so that
voice like other musicians instruments,ranging
ADVSC158 freely over the
The relative beat, flattening
prosperity of the first years of the
twentieth century came to a halt in 1907 when
drains on the money supply, revealing a weak
national financial infrastructure of banking and
credit, it precipitated an economic crisis that
lasted nearly a year.
A. supply, revealing a weak national financial
infrastructure of banking and credit, it
precipitated
B. supply, revealing a weak national financial
infrastructure of banking and credit, they
precipitated
C. supply both revealed a weak national
financial infrastructure of banking and credit
and precipitating
D. supply revealed both a weak national
financial infrastructure of banking and credit
and precipitating
E. supply revealed a weak national
infrastructure of banking and credit and
precipitated
ADVSC159 The reasons for yesterday’s sharp rise in the
stock market were much the same as that
behind last week’s rally: a surge in the economy
to a 5.6 percent annual growth rate and
improved corporate earnings balanced by the
lack of signs of inflationary pressure.
A. That
B. those
C. what was
D. for that
E. they were
ADVSC160 The most vexing problem faced by researchers
exploring wind-powered generation of
electricity is achieving a constant flow of
power from an unpredictable natural source
that meets demand, but so the flow does not
overload electrical grids with sudden voltage
increases.
A. achieving a constant flow of power from an
unpredictable natural source that meets
demand, but so the flow does not overload
B. achieving a constant flow of power from an
unpredictable natural source, which meets
demand but without overloading
C. how to achieve a constant flow of power
ADVSC161 In 1981
from an children in the natural
unpredictable United States
source,spent an
a flow
average of slightly less than two
that meets demand but does not overload and a half
hours
D. howa to week doinga household
achieve constant flow chores; by 1997
of power
they had spent nearly six hours a
from an unpredictable natural source, but aweek.
A. chores;
flow by 1997
that meets they had
demand spentoverloading
without nearly six
hours a week
E. how a constant flow of power from an
B. chores; by 1997
unpredictable thatsource
natural figurecan
hadbegrown to
achieved,
nearly six hours a week
which meets demand but does not overload
C. chores, whereas nearly six hours a week
were spent in 1997
D. chores, compared with a figure of nearly six
ADVSC162 Trans
hours World
a weekEntertainment
in 1997 Corporation, which
owns the Record Town and Saturday
E. chores, that figure growing to nearly Matinee
six
retail chains, announced
hours a week in 1997 that since sales of up
to one-fourth of its stores are poor, they will
be closed.
A. that since sales of up to one-fourth of its
stores are poor, they will be closed
B. it is closing up to one-fourth of its stores,
which accounted for its poor sales
C. it was closing up to one fourth of its stores
because of poor sales
D. to be closing, on account of poor sales, up to
one-fourth of its stores
E. having poor sales, such that up to one-fourth
of its stores will be closed
ADVSC163 According to United States census data, while
there was about one-third of mothers with
young children working outside the home in
1975, in 2000, almost two-thirds of those
mothers were employed outside the home.
A. while there was about one-third of mothers
with young children working outside the home
in 1975, in 2000, almost two-thirds of those
mothers were employed outside the home
B. there were about one-third of mothers with
young children who worked outside the home
in 1975; in 2000, almost two-thirds of those
mothers were employed outside the home
C. in 1975 about one-third of mothers with
young children worked outside the home; in
2000,almost two-thirds of such mothers were
employed outside the home
D. even though in 1975 there were about one-
third of mothers with young children who
worked outside the home, almost two-thirds of
such mothers were employed outside the home
in 2000
E. with about one-third of mothers with young
children working outside the home in
ADVSC164 Traffic safetytwo-thirds
1975,almost officials predict
of suchthat driverswere
mothers will be
equally
employed likely to exceed
outside the proposed
the home in 2000 speed
limit as the current one.
A. equally likely to exceed the proposed speed
limit as
B. equally likely to exceed the proposed speed
limit as they are
C. equally likely that they will exceed the
proposed speed limit as
ADVSC165 Sound can travel
D. as likely through
that they water for
will exceed theenormous
proposed
distances, prevented
speed limit as from dissipating its
acoustic energy
E. as likely as a result
to exceed of boundaries
the proposed in the
speed limit
ocean
as theycreated
are by water layers of different
temperatures and densities.
A. prevented from dissipating its acoustic
energy as a result of
B. prevented from having its acoustic energy
dissipated by
C. its acoustic energy prevented from
dissipating by
D. its acoustic energy prevented from being
dissipated as a result of
E. preventing its acoustic energy from
ADVSC166 The computer
dissipating by company’s present troubles are a
result of technological stagnation, marketing
missteps, and managerial blunders so that
several attempts to revise corporate strategies
have failed to correct it.
A. so that several attempts to revise corporate
strategies have failed to correct it
B. so that several attempts at revising corporate
strategies have failed to correct
C. in that several attempts at revising corporate
strategies have failed to correct them
D. that several attempts to revise corporate
strategies have failed to correct
E. that several attempts at revising corporate
strategies have failed to correct them
ADVSC167 Providing initial evidence that airports are a
larger source of pollution than they were once
believed to be, environmentalists in Chicago
report that the total amount of pollutant
emitted annually by vehicles at O’Hare
International Airport is twice as much as that
which is being emitted annually by all motor
vehicles in the Chicago metropolitan area.
A. as much as that which is being emitted
annually by all
B. as much annually as is emitted by the
C. as much compared to what is annually
emitted by all
D. that emitted annually by all
E. that emitted annually compared to the

ADVSC168 The quality of early pieces of blown glass

excavated in Italy and Western Europe by far
surpass those of pieces from the eastern
Mediterranean, when regarded not only in
terms of the variety of shapes
represented, but also in terms of decorative
techniques and functionality.
A. by far surpass those of pieces from the
eastern Mediterranean, when regarded not
only in terms of
B. surpasses by far those from the eastern
Mediterranean, with regard not only to
C. far surpass that of pieces from the eastern
ADVSC169 The Near Earth Asteroid
Mediterranean, not only Rendezvous
regarding (NEAR)
spacecraft will orbit the asteroid
D. far surpasses that of the easternEros for a year,
slowly moving closer to the surface
Mediterranean, with regard to not only of the
object to make ever more precise
E. far surpasses that of pieces from the eastern
measurements
Mediterranean,that scientists
not only hope will
with regard to enable
them to understand how the solar system
formed some four billion years ago.
A. to make ever more precise measurements
that scientists hope will enable them to
B. to make ever more and more precise
measurements, which scientists are hoping to
enable them
C. for making ever more precise measurements,
and scientists hope that they will be able to
D. with the purpose of making more precise
measurements than ever, and which scientists
hope will enable them to
E. in order to make more precise
measurements than it ever did, and scientists
are hoping they will be able to
ADVSC170 Scientists claim that the discovery of the first
authenticated mammal bones in amber could
provide important clues of determining, in
addition to how, when mammals colonized the
islands of the West Indies.
A. of determining, in addition to how, when
mammals colonized the islands of the West
Indies
B. in the determination of how and when the
islands of the West Indies were colonized by
mammals
C. to determine how mammals colonized the
islands of the West Indies and when they did
D. for determining when the islands of the
ADVSC171 In the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, the United
West Indies were colonized by mammals and
States acquired 828,000 square miles for about
how they were
four cents an acre, which more than doubled
E. for determining how and when mammals
the
colonized the size
country’s andofthat
the brought
its western
islands West Indies
border within reach of the Pacific Ocean.
A. In the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, the United
States acquired 828,000 square miles for about
four cents an acre, which more than doubled
the country’s size and that brought
B. For about four cents an acre the United
States acquired, in the Louisiana Purchase of
1803, 828,000 square miles, more than
doubling the country’s size and it brought
C. With the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, the
ADVSC172 In an attempt
United to attract828,000
States acquired more tourists,
squarethe
miles
Swiss
for about four cents an acre, moreseveral
government commissioned than life-
size fiberglass
doubling its sizecow
andstatues,
bringinghaving them
decorated
D. The United by local artists,
States, in theand set them
Louisiana up on
Purchase
the streets
of 1803, forofabout
Zurich.
four cents an acre, acquired
A. the Swiss
828,000 government
square miles, morecommissioned
than doubling several
the
life-size fiberglass cow
country’s size, bringing statues, having them
decorated
E. Acquiringby828,000
local artists,
square and
miles in the
B. the Swiss
Louisiana government
Purchase commissioned
of 1803, several
the United States
life-size fiberglass cow statues, they
bought it for about four cents an acre, more were
decorated
than doubling by local artists, and
the country’s then
size and bringing
C. the Swiss government commissioned several
life-size fiberglass cow statues, had them
decorated by local artists, and
D. several life-size fiberglass cow statues were
commissioned by the Swiss government,
decorated by local artists, and then
E. several life-size fiberglass cow statues,
commissioned by the Swiss government, were
decorated by local artists, and they
ADVSC173 Over the next few years, increasing demands
on the Chattahoochee River, which flows into
the Apalachicola River, could alter the saline
content of Apalachicola Bay, which would rob
the oysters there of their flavor, and to make
them decrease in size, less distinctive, and less
in demand.
A. which would rob the oysters there of their
flavor, and to make them decrease in size
B. and it would rob the oysters there of their
flavor, make them smaller
C. and rob the oysters there of their flavor,
making them decrease in size
D. robbing the oysters there of their flavor and
making them smaller
E. robbing the oysters there of their flavor, and
making them decrease in size

ADVSC174 In the 1820’s, anthracite coalfields opened in

eastern Pennsylvania, and when canals and
eventually railroads reached into the region,
there were substantial supplies of coal that
was exported to the nation’s growing mills,
forges, factories, and railways.
A. when canals and eventually railroads
reached into the region, there were substantial
supplies of coal that was
B. once canals and eventually railroads reaching
into the region, there were substantial supplies
of coal having been
C. with canals and eventually railroads reaching
into the region, there had been substantial
supplies of coal
D. canals and eventually railroads reached into
the region, with substantial supplies of coal
being
E. as canals and eventually railroads reached
into the region, substantial supplies of coal
were
ADVSC175 According to entomologists, single locusts are
quiet creatures, but when locusts are placed
with others of their species, they become
excited, change color, vibrate, and even hum.
A. when locusts are placed with others of their
species,
B. when placing them with others of their
species, then
C. locusts, when placed with others of their
species,
D. placing them with others of their species,
E. placed with others of their species, then

ADVSC176 Until the passage of the Piracy and

Counterfeiting Amendments Act in 1982, a first
time charge of copyright infringement was
merely a misdemeanor charge, federal
prosecutors being unlikely in pursuing criminal
copyright infringers, while offenders were
subject to relatively small penalties.
A. charge, federal prosecutors being unlikely in
pursuing criminal copyright infringers, while
offenders were
B. charge, with federal prosecutors who were
unlikely to pursue criminal copyright infringers,
offenders being
C. charge, federal prosecutors unlikely to
pursue criminal copyright infringers, while
offenders were
D. charge; therefore, federal prosecutors were
unlikely in pursuing criminal copyright infringers
and offenders being
E. charge; therefore, federal prosecutors were
unlikely to pursue criminal copyright infringers,
and offenders were
ADVSC177 After increasing steadily for centuries, the total
annual catch of all wild fish peaked in 1989;
since that time, the total catch for most
species has declined or plateaued, prompting
conservation efforts designed to help prevent
population crashes and possible extinctions.
A. fish peaked in 1989; since that time, the total
catch for most species has declined or
plateaued, prompting
B. fish peaked in 1989, but with the total catch
since then declining or plateauing in the case of
most species, prompting
C. fish had peaked in 1989; since that time, the
decline or plateau of the total catch for most
species, which prompted
D. fish, which peaked in 1989, and, in the case
of most species, it has declined or plateaued
since, prompted
E. fish, which peaked in 1989 but has since
ADVSC178 During
declined theoreighteenth century,
plateaued for widespread
most species, and this
changes
prompted in agriculture, known as the agrarian
revolution, involving the large-scale
introduction of enclosed fields, of new farming
techniques and crops, and the substitution of
commercial for subsistence farming.
A. revolution, involving the large-scale
introduction of enclosed fields, of new farming
techniques and crops, and
B. revolution, involved the large-scale
introduction of enclosed fields and of new
farming techniques and crops, and
C. revolution, which involved the large-scale
introduction of enclosed fields and of new
farming techniques and crops, and
D. revolution involved the large-scale
introduction of enclosed fields, new farming
techniques and crops, and of
E. revolution that involved the large-scale
introduction of enclosed fields and new farming
techniques and crops, and of
ADVSC179

Until a few centuries ago, any large bones

discovered in the fields or caves of Europe, now
known to be large prehistoric animals, were
usually assumed to be the remains of giants
and were often displayed as curiosities in
castles, palaces, town halls, churches, and
monasteries.
A. now known to be large prehistoric animals,
were usually assumed to be
B. presently known as from large prehistoric
animals, were usually assumed as
C. bones now known to be those of large
prehistoric animals, were usually assumed to be
D. bones known at present as of large
prehistoric animals, were usually assumed as
those of
E. currently known as those of large prehistoric
animals, were usually assumed to be those of
ADVSC180 The principal feature of the redesigned checks
is a series of printed instructions that the
company hopes will help merchants confirm a
check’s authenticity, which includes reminders
to watch the endorsement, compare
signatures, and view the watermark while
holding the check to the light.
A. which includes reminders to watch the
endorsement, compare signatures, and view
B. which include reminders for watching the
endorsement, to compare signatures and view
C. by including reminders for watching the
endorsement, comparing signatures, and
viewing
D. including reminders to watch the
endorsement, comparing signatures and
viewing
E. including reminders to watch the
endorsement, compare signatures, and view
ADVSC181 In 1850 Lucretia Mott published her Discourse
on Women, arguing in a treatise for women to
have equal political and legal rights and for
changes in the married women’s property laws.
A. arguing in a treatise for women to have
equal political and legal rights
B. arguing in a treatise for equal political and
legal rights for women
C. a treatise that advocates women’s equal
political and legal rights
D. a treatise advocating women’s equal political
and legal rights
E. a treatise that argued for equal political and
legal rights for women

ADVSC182 In the early part of the twentieth century, many

vacationers found that driving automobiles and
sleeping in tents allowed them to enjoy nature
close at hand and tour at their own pace, with
none of the restrictions of passenger trains
and railroad timetables or with the formalities,
expenses, and impersonality of hotels.
A. with none of the restrictions of passenger
trains and railroad timetables or with the
B. with none of the restrictions of passenger
trains, railroad timetables, nor
C. without the restrictions of passenger trains
and railroad timetables nor
D. without the restrictions of passenger trains
and railroad timetables or with the
E. without the restrictions of passenger trains
and railroad timetables or the

ADVSC183 Critical-thinking instruction is predicted on two

assumptions: that there are clearly identifiable
thinking skills that students can be taught to
recognize and apply appropriately, and if
recognized and applied, students will become
more effective thinkers.
A. if recognized and applied, students
B. if these skills are recognized and applied, that
students
C. if students recognize and apply them, that
they
D. that if recognized and applied, students
E. that if students recognize and apply these
skills, they
ADVSC184 Because they can reproduce several times each
year and produce large numbers of offspring,
many insect species can generally adapt quickly
to changes in their environment.
A. Because they can reproduce several times
each year and produce large numbers of
offspring, many insect species
B. Because of many insect species’ ability of
reproducing several times a year, along with
producing large numbers of offspring, thus they
C. Because they can reproduce yearly several
times, along with producing offspring in large
numbers, so many insect species
D. Due to their capability to reproduce several
times yearly and to produce large numbers of
offspring, many insect species
E. Due to their ability of reproducing several
times yearly and to produce offspring of large
numbers, many insect species

ADVSC185 According to recent studies comparing the

nutritional value of meat from wild animals and
meat from domesticated animals, wild animals
have less total fat than do livestock fed on
grain and more of a kind of fat they think is
good for cardiac health.
A. wild animals have less total fat than do
livestock fed on grain and more of a kind of fat
they think is
B. wild animals have less total fat than livestock
ADVSC186 In
fedhis
onexperiments
grain and more withofgravity,
a kind Isaac
of fat Newton
thought
showed
to be how the motion of each planet in the
solar
C. wildsystem
animals results
havefrom the combined
less total fat than that of
gravitational pull of the
livestock fed on grain and have Sun andmore
of allfat
theofother
a
planets, each
kind thought to be contributing according to their
mass and
D. total fatdistance from theisothers.
of wild animals less than livestock
A.
fed on grain and they haveeach
of all the other planets, morecontributing
fat of a kind
according
thought totobetheir
B. of all fat
E. total theisother
less inplanets, with each
wild animals thanofthat
themof
contributing according to their
livestock fed on grain and more of their fat is of
C. all the
a kind they other planets,
think is each of which
contributing according to its
D. all the other planets, each contributing
according to its
E. all the other planets, each of which
contribute according to their
ADVSC187 Biologists working in Spain say that their
discovery of teeming life in a highly acidic river
may not only broaden the search for life, or for
evidence of past life, on other planets but also
show that a number of forms of microscopic
life can adapt to conditions that scientists have
long thought hostile to all but the hardiest
bacteria.
A. show that a number of forms of microscopic
life can adapt to conditions that scientists have
long thought hostile to all but the hardiest
bacteria
B. may show that a number of forms of
microscopic life is capable of adapting to
conditions that scientists have long thought
hostile to all bacteria but the hardiest ones
C. shows a number of forms of microscopic life
to be capable to adapt to conditions that
scientists have long thought had been hostile to
all but the hardiest bacteria
ADVSC188 Scientists
D. showinghavethatrecently
a number discovered
of forms that
of the
ultrathin,
microscopiclayered
life is construction of a butterfly’s
capable of adapting to
wings, the that
conditions samescientists
as the one making
have some had
long thought
butterflies
been hostileshimmer
to all butvia the
the phenomenon
hardiest bacteriaof
iridescence,
E. showing thatareaenabling
number the insectofto control
of forms
how much heat
microscopic energy
life can is absorbed
adapt by itsthat
to conditions wings
and how much
scientists is reflected
have long thoughtaway.
hostile to all
A. wings,but
bacteria thethesame as the one making some
hardiest
butterflies shimmer via the phenomenon of
iridescence, are enabling
B. wings, which is the same one that makes
some butterflies shimmer via the phenomenon
of iridescence, that also enables
C. wings is the same as the one that makes
some butterflies shimmer via the phenomenon
of iridescence, enabling
D. wings—the same construction that makes
some butterflies shimmer via the phenomenon
of iridescence—also enables
E. wings—of the same construction that makes
some butterflies shimmer via the phenomenon
of iridescence—also enable
ADVSC189 Gas hydrates, chemical compounds of water
and natural gas, are increasingly being studied
for their potential to be huge reservoirs of
energy, possibly causing sea floor instability,
and significant contributors to global warming.
A. to be huge reservoirs of energy, possibly
causing sea floor instability, and
B. to be huge reservoirs of energy, possibly
causing sea floor instability, and even as
C. as huge reservoirs of energy, possibly causing
sea floor instability, and
D. as huge reservoirs of energy, and the
possible cause of sea floor instability,
E. as huge reservoirs of energy, as possible
causes of sea floor instability, and even as
ADVSC190 The artist Renoir’s last word was “flowers,”
spoken as they arranged a bouquet of roses
just picked from his garden in a vase on his
bedroom windowsill.
A. as they arranged a bouquet of roses just
picked from his garden
B. as a bouquet of roses had been just picked
from his garden and was being arranged
C. as a bouquet of roses just picked from his
garden was being arranged
D. during the arrangement of a bouquet of
roses just picked from his garden
E. while they arranged a bouquet of roses that
had just been picked from his garden

ADVSC191 Caribou are wary animals with excellent

hearing, so stalking them over the treeless
landscape, getting close enough to kill it with
nothing but a handheld lance, as Dorset people
did, required exceptional hunting skill.
A. so stalking them over the treeless landscape,
getting close enough to kill it
B. so to stalk them over the treeless landscape
and get close enough to kill one
C. so in order to stalk them over the treeless
landscape and get close enough to kill one
D. and so in order
to stalk it over the treeless landscape, getting
close enough to kill it
E. and so stalking them over the treeless
landscape and getting close enough in order to
kill it
ADVSC192 Like ants, termites have an elaborate social
structure in which a few individuals reproduce
and the rest are serving the colony by tending
juveniles, gathering food, building the nest, or
they battle intruders.
A. are serving the colony by tending juveniles,
gathering food, building the nest, or they battle
B. are serving the colony in that they tend
juveniles, gather food, build the nest, or battle
C. serve the colony, tending juveniles, gathering
ADVSC193 food, building
The three the nest,
women, oractivists
liberal by battling
who strongly
D. serve the colony by tending juveniles,
support legislation in favor of civil rights and
gathering food,protection,
environmental by buildinghave
the nest, or by
consistently
battling labor’s unqualifying support.
received
E.
A. serve the colony by
have consistently tendinglabor’s
received juveniles,
gathering food, building
unqualifying support the nest, or battling
B. are consistently receiving the unqualifying
support of labor
C. have consistently received the unqualified
support of labor
D. receive consistent and unqualified support
by labor
E. are receiving consistent and unqualified
support by labor
ADVSC194 By the same techniques used for genetically
enhancing plants, making them disease or
pestresistant,
researchers have been able to increase the
amount of protein in potatoes, sweet potatoes,
and tobacco.
A. By the same techniques used for genetically
enhancing plants, making them
B. With the same techniques to genetically
enhance plants, so that they are C. Employing
the same techniques used to genetically
enhance plants so that they are
D. Employing the same techniques to
genetically enhance plants, which makes them
E. Employing the same techniques for
genetically enhancing plants that make them

Researchers have announced that the magnetic

fields emitted by one manufacturer’s security
ADVSC195 surveillance system, of which type there are
200,000 worldwide, can interfere with
pacemakers and
that this interaction can bring on missed or
irregular heartbeats, nausea, breathlessness,
dizziness,
and even fainting.
A. of which type there are 200,000 worldwide,
can interfere with pacemakers and that
B. of which, worldwide, there are 200,000 of
that type, and which can interfere with
pacemakers, and
C. of which type there are 200,000 worldwide,
they can interfere with pacemakers and
D. 200,000 of which type exist worldwide,
interfering with pacemakers, and
E. 200,000 of that type existing worldwide and
can interfere with pacemakers, and
 Researchers agreed that the study of new
treatments for heart attack patients was
extremely
important but more research was needed to
determine that balloon angioplasty preceded
with
ultrasound was or was not any better for heart
ADVSC196 attack patients than the balloon procedure by
itself.
A. more research was needed to determine
that balloon angioplasty preceded with
ultrasound
was or was not any better for heart attack
patients than
B. more research was needed for determining
whether or not balloon angioplasty preceded
by
ultrasound is any better for heart attack
patients than is
C. that more research was needed to determine
whether balloon angioplasty preceded by
ultrasound is any better for heart attack
patients than
D. that more research was needed to
determine
In addition that balloon
to being angioplasty
China’s preceded
first administrators,
with
in the sense that they developed a coherent
ultrasound
bureaucracywas forany
theirbetter for the
empire, heart attack
first literate
patients than
culture in East Asia were the Shang, and they
E. that more research was needed for
were
determining
well known for that balloon
crafting angioplasty
ornate bronzepreceded
ritual
by
vessels.
Nikola Tesla,is the
or isinventor
any of
ultrasound
A. the first literate not
culture in alternating
better
Eastfor
Asiaheart
were the
current, because
attack patients he was excited with the
Shang, and theythanwereis well known for crafting
prospects
B. the firstof
literate culture in East Asia were the
ADVSC197 harnessing
Shang, wellNiagara
Falls
thefor
producing
known as crafters of electric
power, he predicted in the mid-1890's that
C. the Shang, as the first literate culture in East
electricity
Asia, is well known for its crafting
generated at were
Niagara
thewould
one day powerinthe
D. the Shang first literate culture
streetcars of London and the streetlights
East Asia and are well known as the crafters of of
Paris.
E. the Shang were the first literate culture in
A. Nikola Tesla, theknown
inventor
East Asia and well forofitsalternating
crafted
current, because he was excited with the
ADVSC198 As Charles
prospects Darwin observed, natural selection
operates whenever individuals
of harnessing Niagara Falls for producingof one genetic
composition
electric power, arehebetter at reproducing than that
of others.
B. The prospects of harnessing Niagara Falls to
A. that ofelectric
produce others power was exciting to Nikola
B. the otherC.
Tesla, the inventoranother
of alternating current, and
D. those
so he of another
E.
C. that of the
Excited about next
the prospects of harnessing
ADVSC199 Niagara Falls to produce electric power, Nikola
Tesla, the inventor of alternating current,
D. Nikola Tesla, the inventor of alternating
current, excited about the prospects of
harnessing
Niagara Falls for the production of electric
power and
E. The inventor of alternating current, excited
with the prospects of harnessing Niagara Falls
for
producing of electric power, Nikola Tesla
 Obtaining an investment-grade rating will keep
the county's future borrowing costs low,
protect its
already-tattered image, and increase its ability
to buy bond insurance.
A. Obtaining an investment-grade rating will
keep the county's future borrowing costs low,
protect
B. To obtain an investment-grade rating will
keep the county's future borrowing costs low,
and
protect
C. Having obtained an investment-grade rating
will, in keeping the county's future borrowing
costs low, protect
D. To obtain an investment-grade rating would
keep the county's future borrowing costs low,
protecting
E. Obtaining an investment-grade rating,
keeping the county's borrowing costs low,
would be
ADVSC200 protecting
Ancient hunter-gatherers developed instincts
that stigmatized selfishness, and voluntary
cooperation was encouraged as well, whether it
be within the group or also with outsiders.
A. selfishness, and voluntary cooperation was
encouraged as well, whether it be within the
group or
B. selfishness, encouraging voluntary
cooperation as well, both within the group but
C. selfishness and also encouraging voluntary
cooperation, within the group and
D. selfishness and they encouraged voluntary
cooperation, whether it be within the group or
E. selfishness and encouraged voluntary
ADVSC201 cooperation, not only within the group but
 Japanese researchers are producing a series of
robots that can identify human facial
expressions, to
which they will then respond; their goal is
primarily creating a robot that will empathize
with us.
A. expressions, to which they will then respond;
their goal is primarily creating
B. expressions, then responding to them;
primarily to create
C. expressions and then respond to them; the
researchers' primary goal is to create
D. expressions as well as giving a response to
them; their primary goal is creation of
E. expressions and responding to them;
ADVSC202 primarily, the researchers' goal is creating
 Even though sub-Saharan Africa often evokes
images of drought and famine, researchers say
that
When Nigeria achieved full independence in
the
1960,area
they is the
hadhome
already of established
more than 2,000 grains,
a federal
vegetables,
political roots, fruits, and other foods that
have
In her later
structure poems, Phyllis
consisting of three Wheatley's
regions based blending
on
the
of possibility
thesolar
three imagery,
major forpopulation
feeding the
Judeo-Christian continent,
clusters that even
thought and
were
other
its parts of the world.
figures,
in
A.
andhave
the the
borders. imagespossibility
A. they she for feeding
hadborrowed
already fromthe
establishedancient
a
continent,
classicism
federal even
suggesting
political structureher range and depth
consisting of threeof
B. have based
influences,
regions the possibility of feeding the continent,
even
not
on the ofthree
the C. could
least feed
of which
major the continent,
is her
population African
clusters so even
heritage.
that
with
A. theinimages she borrowed from ancient
were
D. couldalready
classicism
B. they feed the
suggesting
had continent
established and aeven
federal
E. could
B. borrowing
political possiblyimages
structure feed the continent
from ancient
consisting of three and, in
classicism,
regions
ADVSC203 addition,
suggests
that was for even
C. she on
based borrowed
the three images
majorfrom ancientclusters
population
classicism, which suggests
inside
D. they
C. images borrowed
already from ancient
had established classicism
a federal
suggests
political structure that consisted of three
E. images that she borrowed from ancient
regions
ADVSC204 classicism,
based on the suggesting
three major population clusters in
D. it had already established a federal political
structure that consisted of three regions based
on the three major population clusters within
E. it already had established a federal political
structure consisting of three regions being
based
Polio,
on thealthough
it is population
eradicated in the United
three major clusters it had
ADVSC205 States,
within it continues elsewhere and is able to be
brought
into the country by visitors.
A. Polio, although it is eradicated in the United
States,
Hundreds it continues
of specieselsewhere and is able
of fish generate and to be
B. Polio, although eradicated
discharge electric currents, in bursts or asin the United
States, electric
steady it still continues elsewhere and can be
C. Although
fields aroundstill continuing
their elsewhere,
bodies, using polio has
their power
been eradicated
either to find andinattack the United
prey, to States
defend and
could be
themselves, or
D. Although
also having beenand
for communicating eradicated
navigating. in the
United
A. either States,
to findpolio
and still
attackcontinues
prey, toelsewhere
defend
and is
themselves, or also for communicating and
capable
navigating of B.being
either for finding and attacking
E. Although
prey, defenderadicated
themselves, in the United
or for States,
communication
ADVSC206 polio continues elsewhere and could be
and
navigation
C. to findEakins's
Thomas and attack prey, for
powerful styledefense,
and hisor choices
communication
of subject--the advancesand navigationin modern surgery, the
D. for finding
discipline and attacking
of sport, the strains prey, to defend in
of individuals
themselves,
tension withor also for
society or communication
even with themselves-- and
navigation
was as
E. to find and
disturbing attack
to his ownprey,timeto asdefend
it is compelling for
ADVSC207 themselves, or to communicate and navigate
ours.
A. was as disturbing to his own time as it is
B. were as disturbing to his own time as they
are
C. has been as disturbing in his own time as
they are
D. had been as disturbing in his own time as it
was
ADVSC208 E. have been as disturbing in his own time as
 One report concludes that many schools do not
have, or likely to have, enough computers to
use
them effectively.
A. Or
B. Nor
C. or are
D. nor are they
ADVSC209 E. nor are not
With an awareness that there are connotations
associated with the numbers 1 and 2 and the
letters
A and B, companies conducting consumer taste
tests of foods or beverages typically choose
numbers
such as 697 or 483 to label the products.
A. With an awareness that there are
connotations associated with the numbers 1
and 2 and the letters A and B
B. Because the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters
A and B have connotations they are aware of
C. Because of an awareness of the numbers 1
and 2 and the letters A and B having
connotations
D. Aware of the connotations of the numbers 1
and 2 and the letters A and B
E. Since the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A
and B have connotations associated with them
ADVSC210 and they are aware of it
 The application of a new method for analyzing
the chemistry of tooth enamel allows scientists
to
examine molars of prehuman ancestors and
determining that their diets were more varied
than had
been supposed.
A. The application of a new method for
analyzing the chemistry of tooth enamel allows
scientists to examine molars of prehuman
ancestors and determining
B. Through the application of a new method for
analyzing the chemistry of tooth enamel, the
molars of prehuman ancestors were examined
by scientists who determined
C. When they applied a new method for
analyzing the chemistry of tooth enamel,
scientists
examined molars of prehuman ancestors,
determining
D. Applying a new method for analyzing the
1998 saw several
chemistry of toothnew ventures
enamel, promoting
the molars of
online
prehumandistance learning
ancestors both
have at examined
been the collegebyand
graduate
scientists, who determined E. Applying a new
level,
method butfor
also faculty members
analyzing in large
the chemistry of tooth
numbers began questioning
enamel, scientists have whether the
computer
examined screen
molars of prehuman ancestors and
ADVSC211 was an adequate replacement for the
determined
classroom.
A. 1998 saw several new ventures promoting
online distance learning both at the college and
graduate level, but also faculty members in
large numbers began
B. In 1998 several new ventures were
promoting online distance learning for both
college-and
for graduate-level courses, but it was also a
year for a large number of faculty members
who began
C. With several new ventures promoting online
distance learning both for college and
graduate courses in 1998, it was also a year
when a large number of faculty members had
begun
D. Although 1998 saw several new ventures
promoting online distance learning for both
college- and graduate-level courses, it was also
a year when a large number of faculty
members began
E. Several new ventures were promoting online
distance learning in 1998, at both the college
level as well as the graduate, but it was also a
year for faculty members to begin in large
ADVSC212 numbers
 Whereas scientists, because of random
fluctuations in the weather, cannot determine
the transition
from one season to the next by monitoring
temperatures on a daily basis, so they cannot
determine
the onset of global warming by monitoring
average annual temperatures.
A. Whereas scientists
B. Just as scientists
C. Like scientists who
D. Inasmuch as a scientist
ADVSC213 E. In the same way a scientist

A new genetically engineered papaya was

produced not by seed companies who have
been
motivated by profit, which was the case with
most
Manygenetically modifiedstress,
teenagers undergo crops previously
but results of a
approved
recent study indicate that the patterns of stress
for
thatcommercial use, but university and United
States Department
girls experience areof Agriculture
more likely toresearchers
result in
who
depression than are those that boys
allowed growers to use it free of charge.
experience.
A. produced not by
A. are those that seed
boys companies who have
experience
been
B. whatmotivated by profit, which was the case
boys experience
with most
C. boys' genetically
experience modified crops previously
would
approved
D. boys' stress patterns douse, but
for commercial
ADVSC214 B. produced
E. stress not by
patterns ofprofit-motivated
boys seed
companies, the case with most genetically
modified
crops previously approved for commercial use,
but
C. produced not by profit-motivated seed
companies, as was the case with most
genetically
modified crops previously approved for
commercial use, but by
D. not produced by profit-motivated seed
companies, which was the case with most
genetically modified crops previously approved
for commercial use, but was produced by
E. not produced by seed companies who have
been motivated by profit, the case with most
genetically modified crops previously approved
ADVSC215 for commercial use, but by
 A. The bones of Majungatholus atopus, a meat-
eating dinosaur that is a distant relative of
Tyrannosaurus rex and closely resembles South
American predatory dinosaurs, have been
Mideast
discovered immigrants' rates of entrepreneurship
in Madagascar.
exceed
B. The virtually
bones of every
a other immigrant
meat-eating
Developed by Pennsylvania's dinosaur,
Palatine group in
Germans
the
Majungatholus atopus, a distant
about 1750, they made Conestoga wagons relative of with
increasingly diverse
Tyrannosaurus
high United
rex and withStates
a closeeconomy. A.
Mideast
resemblance
wheels immigrants'
capable to of
South rates of
American
crossing entrepreneurship
rutted predatory
roads, muddy
exceed
dinosaurs,
flats, and the nonroads of the prairie and they
B.
has
had Mideast
been
a immigrants
discovered in are exhibiting rates of
Madagascar.
entrepreneurship
C. In Madagascar, exceeding
the
floor curved upward on either bones ofenda meat-eating
so as to
C. Immigrants
dinosaur,
prevent from
from the
Majungatholus
cargo Mideast
shiftingatopus, exhibit
on steep distantly rates of
grades.
entrepreneurship
related
A. they made exceeding
to Tyrannosaurus
Conestoga wagons those
rex andwith of
closelyhigh
D. The rates
resembled
wheels of entrepreneurship
South
capable ofAmerican predatory
crossing rutted inroads,
immigrants
muddy
from the Mideast
dinosaurs,
flats, and exceed
the nonroads of the prairie and they
E. The
have
had ratesdiscovered.
abeen
floor of Mideast
curved upward immigrants'
on either end so
entrepreneurship
D. to
as A distant
preventrelative exceeds those of rex,
of Tyrannosaurus
ADVSC216 Question
bearing
B. a #closeConestoga
they made resemblance to South
wagons, which American
had
predatory
high wheels dinosaurs
capable is ofMajungatholus
crossing ruttedatopus, roads, a
meat-eating
muddy flats, dinosaur, the bones
and the nonroads ofof thewhich
prairie,
havefloors
and been curved
discoveredupwardin Madagascar.
on their ends so
E. A distant
that relative of Tyrannosaurus rex and
they prevented
closely
For the resembling
C. Conestoga wagons,
best extraction SouthofAmerican
with high
the wheels
flavor predatory
capable
of saffron
dinosaurs,
of crossing
threads, the
it shouldbones
rutted be of
roads, a
soaked meat-eating
muddy dinosaur,
flats,after
in liquid and the
Majungatholus
nonroads
being of theatopus,
prairie,have
and had beena floor that
ADVSC217 discovered
was
poundedcurved in
with Madagascar.
upward at both
a mortar and ends
pestle. to prevent
D. For
A. Conestoga
the bestwagons had of
extraction high
thewheels
flavor of capable
of crossing
saffron ruttedit roads,
threads, shouldmuddy
be soaked flats,inand the
liquid
nonroads of the prairie, and a floor that was
after
curved upward at both ends to prevent
being pounded
E. Conestoga
B. To best extract wagonstheirhad highsaffron
flavor, wheelsthreads
capable
of crossing
should rutted in
be soaked roads,
liquidmuddy flats, and the
after pounding
nonroads
C. The bestofway the to
prairie andthe
extract floors
flavor curving
from
ADVSC218 upward at their isends
saffron threads so that
soaking them it prevented
in liquid after
being
pounded
Paper production accounts for approximately
D.
40 The bestof
percent waythetoworld's
extractindustrial
the flavoruse fromof
saffronand
wood, threads is to soak them in liquid after
pounding
the marketthem for paper is growing faster than it is
E. The
for flavor wood
all major of saffron threads can best be
products.
extracted
A. the market by soaking
for paperit inisliquid
growing after pounding
faster than it
ADVSC219 it
is for all
B. the market for paper is growing faster than
the market for all other
C. the market for it is growing faster than it is
for all other
D. its market is growing faster than the market
for all
E. its market is growing faster than it is for all
ADVSC220 other
 Broccoli thrives in moderate to cool climates
and propagated by seeds, either sown directly
in the
field or in plant beds designed for producing
transplants.
Evolutionary
A. propagatedpsychology holds that
by seeds, either sownthe human
directly in
mind is not
the field a "blank
or in slate,"
plant beds but instead
designed for that it
comprises
producing specialized mental mechanisms that
were developed
B. propagated byasseeds,
a waysown
of solving
eitherspecific
directly in
problems
the field or sown in plant beds designed so as
human
to produceancestors faced millions of years ago.
A. the
C. is human mind
propagated is not aeither
by seeds "blank slate,"
sown but
directly
instead thatoritin
in the field comprises
plant beds specialized
designed mental
so that
mechanisms
they producethat were developed as a way of
solving
D. is propagated by seeds sown either directly
B. human
in the field mind
or in is not
plant bedsa designed
"blank slate" but
to produce
instead comprises
E. is propagated byspecialized
seeds, sown mental
either directly
mechanisms
in the field orthat
sown were developed
in plant to solve for
beds designed
ADVSC221 C. the human mind, instead of a "blank slate," it
producing
comprises specialized mental mechanisms
that have been developed to solve
D. rather than it being a "blank slate," the
human mind comprises specialized mental
mechanisms that have been developed as a
way of solvingthe noise of crinkled wrappers as
By recording
E. rather
they werethan
slowlythestretched
human mind's
out inbeing a "blank
an otherwise
slate,"
silent that it comprises specialized mental
mechanisms
chamber, andthat thenwere developed
digitizing as a way the
and analyzing of
ADVSC222 solving
sound emissions on computers, a team of
scientists
found the noise not continuous but consisted of
individual bursts or pops just thousandths of a
second long.
A. digitizing and analyzing the sound emissions
on computers, a team of scientists found the
noise not
B. digitizing and analyzing the sound emissions
on computers, a team of scientists found that
the noise was not
C. digitizing and analyzing the sound emissions
on computers, a team of scientists found the
noise not to be
D. the sound emissions were digitized and
analyzed on computers, a team of scientists
found
that the noise was not
E. the sound emissions were digitized and
analyzed on computers, a team of scientists
found
ADVSC223 the noise not to be
 changed the chemical makeup of the surface of
Mars
in recent eras, therefore concluding that its
crust is harboring up to three times as much
water than
was previously thought.
A. eras, therefore concluding that its crust is
harboring up to three times as much water than
was
B. eras, therefore concluding that the planet's
crust harbors up to three times as much water
An international
or more as was team of astronomers working
at telescopes
C. eras and havein the Canary concluded
therefore Islands andthat Spain
the
has
planet's crust harbors up to three times as
detected
much water at least
as 18 huge gas spheres
estimated to
D. eras and they have 5 toconcluded,
have 15 times the mass of
therefore,
Jupiter, the solar
that its crust harbors up to three times as much
system's
water, orlargest
more, thanplanet.
A. astronomers working at telescopes
E. eras and concluded, therefore, that in
thethe
Canary
planet's
The Islands and
crust israbbit
cottontail Spain
harboring has detected
up to three
population at least
times
in Orange
18
more
County, California, has increased unchecked in
ADVSC224 huge
recentgas
water spheres estimated to have 5 to 15
as was
times
years as a mass
the resultofofJupiter
the removal of the native
B. astronomers
fox population and working at telescopes
the clearing in the
of surrounding
Canary Islands
woodlands. and Spain has detected at least
18
A. years as a result of the removal of
huge gasasspheres
B. years a resultestimated
of removing to be 5 to 15 times
Jupiter's mass
C. years, resulting from the removing of
C.
D. astronomers
years, which is is aworking
result ofatremoving
telescopes in the
ADVSC225 Canary Islands and Spain, having
E. years, which is a result of the removal detected ofat
least 18 huge gas spheres that are estimated at
5 to 15 times
Results the mass
of a United of Jupiter
States study published in
D. astronomers, working
the Annals of Internal Medicine at telescopes
have shownin the
Canary Islands
collegeeducated and Spain, and has detected at
least
women 18 and
hugewomen
gas spheres
living estimated
in the South at and
5 to 15
times
West to thebemass of Jupitermore likely to be using
significantly
E. astronomers,
supplemental hormones working at as telescopes
women living in the
in the
Canary Islands and
Northeast and Midwest. Spain, has detected at least
18 college-educated
A. huge gas spheres women they have andestimated
women livingto be
ADVSC226 5
into 15South
the timesandJupiter's
West mass
to be significantly more
likely to be using supplemental hormones as
women living
B. college-educated women and women living
in the South and West as significantly more
likely to use supplemental hormones than if
they are living
C. college-educated women and those living in
the South and West being significantly more
likely to use supplemental hormones than if
they lived
D. that college-educated women and women
who live in the South and West are significantly
more likely to be using supplemental hormones
as were women that lived
E. that college-educated women and women
living in the South and West are significantly
more likely to use supplemental hormones than
ADVSC227 women living
 effective as newer, more expensive antibiotics
and causing fewer side effects.
A. amoxicillin, long a standard treatment for ear
infections, as being about as effective as
newer, more expensive antibiotics and causing
B. amoxicillin, long a standard treatment for ear
infections, to be about as effective compared
to newer, more expensive antibiotics and with
C. amoxicillin, long a standard treatment for ear
infections, to be about as effective as newer,
more expensive antibiotics and that it causes
D. that amoxicillin, long a standard treatment
for ear infections, is about as effective as
newer,
more expensive antibiotics and causes
E. that amoxicillin, long a standard treatment
for ear infections,
Archaeologists is about
in Egypt haveas excavated
effective a 5,000-
compared to newer, more expensive
year-old wooden hull that is the earliest antibiotics
ADVSC228 and with
surviving
example of a "built" boat--in other words, a
boat constructed out of planks fitted together--
and that they are more temperamental and far
Although
thus
morerepresents
expensive athan
major advance, in terms of
transistor-driven
boat-building
amplifiers, technology, over the dugout logs
and
many audiophiles and audio professionals
reed vessels
prefer of morericher
the warmer, ancient vintage.
tones produced by
A. together--and that thus represents
vacuumtube-
B. together--and
driven amplifiers.this has represented
C. together, and it represents
A. many audiophiles and audio professionals
D. together
prefer that wasricher
the warmer, representing
tones produced by
ADVSC229 E. together to represent
vacuum-tube-driven amplifiers
B. many
Both theaudiophiles
complexity and of theaudio professionals
phenomenon known
think the warmer, richer tones produced
as extinction and the vastness of the biosphere, by
vacuum-tube-driven
having prompted many amplifiers make
scientists them
to call for a
preferable
large increase in the number of biologists
C. warmer,
working richer tones are produced by
both
vacuum-tube-driven amplifiersto
in the field and in laboratories and theythe
clarify are
thus
relationships among the planet's many
preferred
endangered bylifeforms.
many audiophiles and audio
professionals
A. and the vastness of the biosphere, having
D. vacuum-tube-driven
prompted many scientists amplifiers area preferred
to call for large
because they produce warmer, richer
increase in the number of biologists working tones
by
bothmany audiophiles and audio professionals
E.
B. vacuum-tube-driven
and the vastness of the amplifiers
biosphere arehas
preferred
by many audiophiles and audio professionals
prompted many scientists calling for a large
because
increase these amplifiers produce warmer,
ADVSC230 richer tones of biologists both working
in the number
C. and the vastness of the biosphere have
prompted many scientists to call for a large
increase
in the number of biologists working both
D. as well as the vastness of the biosphere have
prompted many scientists to call for a large
increase in the number of biologists who both
work E. as well as the vastness of the biosphere
has prompted many scientists to call for a large
increase in the number of biologists who work
ADVSC231 both
 In some species of cricket, the number of chirps
per minute used by the male for attracting
females
rise and fall in accordance with the surrounding
temperature, and they can in fact serve as an
approximate thermometer.
A. for attracting females rise and fall in
accordance with the surrounding temperature,
and
they can in fact serve
B. for attracting females rises and falls in
accordance with the surrounding temperature,
which can in fact serve
C. in attracting females rise and fall in
accordance with the surrounding temperature,
in fact
possibly serving
D. to attract females rises and falls in
accordance with the surrounding temperature,
and it
can in fact serve E. to attract females rises and
falls in accordance with the surrounding
temperature, in fact
ADVSC232 possibly serving

Industrialization and modern methods of insect

control have improved the standard of living
around
the globe while at the same time they have
introduced some 100,000 dangerous chemical
pollutants, having gone virtually unregulated
since they were developed more than 50 years
ago.
A. while at the same time they have introduced
some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants,
having
B. while at the same time introducing some
100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants that
have
C. while they have introduced some 100,000
dangerous chemical pollutants at the same
time,
which have
D. but introducing some 100,000 dangerous
chemical pollutants at the same time that have
E. but at the same time introducing some
100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants, having
ADVSC233
 stocking on the amphibian populations in
certain
mountain lakes, biologists are recommending
cutting back on trout stocking on the part of
some
states and even their being removed from
some popular fishing lakes.
A. cutting back on trout stocking on the part of
some states and even their being removed
B. cutting back on trout stocking on the part of
some states and even that they remove them
C. that trout stocking be cut back in some states
and they even remove the trout
D.
Hansthat some states
Christian cut back
Andersen wrote on fairy
trouttales,
stocking
and even
which havetheir
been being
some removed
of the most frequently
E. that some states cut back on trout stocking
translated
ADVSC234 and even
works removehistory,
in literary the troutwhile he wrote plays,
novels, poems, and travel books, as well as
several
autobiographies, which remained almost
unknown
In Britain, outside his native
"pig" refers to anyDenmark.
member of the
A.
class of domestic swine, butwrote
Hans Christian Andersen fairy tales,
the United States
which
uses the have been some of the most frequently
translated
term whenworks in literary
referring only tohistory,
youngerwhileswine henot
wrote
yet readyplays,
fornovels,
marketpoems, and travel
and weighing less books,
than 82
as well as several
kilograms autobiographies,
(180 pounds). A. the United whichStates
remained
uses the term when referring
B.
B. Hans Christian
the United Andersen
States term referswrote fairy tales,
which,
C. in thewhile
Unitedamong
Statesthethe
most
term frequently
refers
translated
D. in the United States they use thehis
works in literary history, termplays,
as it
novels,
refers poems, and travel books, as well as
ADVSC235 several autobiographies
E. it is used in the Unitedremain
States when referring
C. Even as Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tales
have been among the most frequently
translated
Though certain worksbreeds
in literary
of dog history, still his for
are renowned
plays,sense
their novels,of poems, and travel
smell, there is often books, as well
a greater
as several autobiographies,
difference in scenting abilityremain
between two
D. Unlike the
members of afairy tales
single written
breed by Hans
as there is between
Christian
members Andersen, which are some of the most
frequently
of differenttranslated
breeds. works in literary history,
he iswrote
A. oftenplays, novels,
a greater poems,in
difference and travel
scenting
books,between
ability as well astwoseveral autobiographies,
members of a single breed
which
as remained
E. Although
there is Hans Christian Andersen wrote
fairy
B. tales that
is often moreare among the
difference most frequently
in scenting ability
translatedtwo
between works in literary
members of ahistory, his plays,
single breed as to
novels,
find onepoems, and travel books, as well as
ADVSC236 several autobiographies,
C. is often remain
a greater difference in scenting
ability between two members of a single breed
than D. are often greater differences in scenting
ability between two members of a single breed
as
there are
E. are often greater differences in scenting
ability between two members of a single breed
ADVSC237 than there is
 Thunderclouds form when warm, moist air rises
into cooler air above, because either the
ground is
warmer than usually or because the interaction
of two air masses, one warm and one cold,
forces
warm air to
Whereas therise.
use of synthetic fertilizers has
A. because
greatly either the
expanded ground is
agricultural warmer than
productivity in
usuallyparts
many or because
of the world, an increase in their
B. because
use either
can create the ground
serious is warmer than
environmental
usual or because
problems such asofwater pollution, and their
C. because offor
substitution either
morethe ground being
traditional warmer
fertilizers
than usual or because
may accelerate soil structure deterioration and
D. either
soil because of the ground's being warmer
erosion.
than
A. anusually
increase orinbecause
their use of can create serious
E. either because
environmental the ground
problems suchisaswarmer
water than
ADVSC238 usual or because
pollution, and their substitution for more
traditional fertilizers
B. an increase in their use can create serious
environmental problems like water
pollution, and if substituted for more traditional
fertilizers, it
C. if these fertilizers are used increasingly, they
can create serious environmental
problems such as water pollution, and if used as
substitutions for more traditional
fertilizers, they
D. thedecreasing
After increased usage
steadilyofinthese
the mid-1990's,
fertilizers can the
create serious
percentage of students
environmental
in the problems
United
such asfinishing
States water pollution,
high schoolwhile
or having
if substituted
earnedfor
more traditional
equivalency diplomas
fertilizers,
increased
this in the last
substitution
three years of the decade, up to 86.5 percent in
E. thefrom
2000 increased usage ofinthese
85.9 percent 1999fertilizers
and 84.8 can
create serious
percent in 1998.environmental problems
likefinishing
A. water pollution,
high schoolwhile
or having
their substitution
earned for
ADVSC239 more traditional
equivalency diplomas
fertilizers
increased in the last
three years of the decade, up to 86.5 percent in
2000 from 85.9 percent in 1999
and
B. finishing high school or earning equivalency
diplomas, increasing in the last three
years of the decade, rising to 86.5 percent in
2000 from 85.9 percent in 1999 and
from
C. having finished high school or earning an
equivalency diploma increased in the last
three years of the decade, and rose to 86.5
percent in 2000 from 85.9 percent in
1999 and from
D. who either finished high school or they
earned an equivalency diploma, increasing
in the last three years of the decade, rose to
86.5 percent in 2000 from 85.9
percent in 1999 and
E. who finished high school or earned
equivalency diplomas increased in the last
three years of the decade, to 86.5 percent in
ADVSC240 2000 from 85.9 percent in 1999 and
 At one time, the majestic American chestnut
was so prevalent that it was said a squirrel
could jump from tree to tree without once
touching the ground between New York State
and Georgia.
A. so prevalent that it was said a squirrel could
B. so prevalent that a squirrel was said that it
could
C. so prevalent for a squirrel to be said to be
able to
D. prevalent enough that it was said a squirrel
could
E. prevalent enough for a squirrel to be said to
ADVSC241 be able to

The Swedish warship Vasa, sunk in 1628 and

raised in 1961, was preserved in the cold
water of Stockholm harbor, where low salinity
inhibits the growth of marine borers that in
most seas devour every exposed scrap of a
sunken ship's wooden hull.
A. was preserved in the cold water of
Stockholm harbor, where low salinity inhibits
B. being preserved in the cold water of
Stockholm harbor, because the low salinity
there is able to inhibit
C. and preserved in the cold water of Stockholm
harbor, the low salinity there inhibits
D. having been preserved in the cold water of
Stockholm harbor, whose low salinity
inhibits
E. had been preserved in the cold water of
Stockholm harbor, because of low salinity
ADVSC242 there inhibiting
In human hearing, subtle differences in how the
two ears hear a given sound help the
listener determine the qualities of that sound.
A. in how the two ears hear a given sound help
the listener determine
B. in the two ears hearing a given sound help
the listener in determining
C. in how a sound is heard by the two ears
helps the listener determine
D. between how the two ears hear a given
sound helps the listener in determining
E. between how a sound is heard by the two
ADVSC243 ears help the listener in determining
 According to a 1996 study published in the
Journal of Human Resources, Americans of
Middle
DespiteEastern
there being descent were twice asdifference
no fundamental likely as
was the national average
in shipbuilding traditions in Viking-Age to be self-
employed.
Scandinavia from the ones in other parts of
A. as was Europe,
Northern the national average toevidence
archaeological be self-
employed
shows that Viking ships were lighter, slimmer,
B. as the
faster, and average American
thus probably to be
more self-employed
seaworthy
Toas
C. protect
the English
national manufacturers
average that theyof would
woolenbe
than
goods the
both heavier
against vessels
American used and
by the English at
Irish
self-employed
that time.
competition,
D. England passed
to be self-employed than the the
was Woolens
average Act
A.
of Despite
1698, thereprohibited
which being no fundamental
the export of
American
difference in shipbuilding traditions in
woolen
E. cloth
that they beyond
would be aself-employed
colony's borders.
than was
Viking-Age
A. To protect Scandinavia
English from the ones
manufacturers of woolen
ADVSC244 the
B. national
Despite average
goods bothno fundamental
against American difference
and between
the shipbuilding traditions in
Irish competition, England passed the Woolens
Viking-Age
Act of 1698Scandinavia from those
C. With
B. In ordershipbuilding
to protecttraditions in Viking-Age of
English manufacturers
Scandinavia
woolen goods not fundamentally
against both American different
from those
and Irish competition, England passed the
D. With the
Woolens Actshipbuilding
of"The
1698Genius," traditions in Viking-Age
Often billed
Scandinavia as
having no American pianist,
C. In order
singer, to protect
composer, and English
bandleadermanufacturers
Ray of
fundamental
woolen goods difference
against from the as
American, ones
Charles
E. Althoughis credited with
shipbuilding soul music's
traditionsthe early
in Viking-Age
well as against
development, aIrish,
genre competition,
based on melding Woolens
gospel,
Scandinavia
Act of 1698 were
was not
passed by England
ADVSC245 rhythm and
fundamentally blues, and
different jazz.
from those
D. For protecting
A. Charles is creditedEnglish
withmanufacturers
soul music's early of
woolen goods aagainst
development, genre American,
based on meldingas well as
Irish, competition,
B. Charles is credited England
with the passed
earlythe Woolens
Act of 1698
development of soul music, being a genre
E. For the protection of English manufacturers
based
of woolen
on meldinggoods against both
American
C. Charles and Irish competition,
is credited with the early the Woolens
ADVSC246 Act
By of 1698,
development
pressing a tiny passed
of soul by England
music,
amount ofanitrogen
genre based on a
between
melding
two of
diamonds to a pressure of 25 million
D. Charles,
pounds percredited
square inch,with scientists
soul music's notearly
only
development,
were able to transform a genre that the was based
gas into on a but
a solid,
melding
they alsoofcreated a semiconductor similar to
E. Charles, who is credited with the early
silicon.
development
A. not only were of soul
ablemusic, a genrethe gas into
to transform
ADVSC247 based
a solid,on but melding
they also created
B. not only were able to transform the gas into
a solid but also creating
C. were
In contrastabletonot some onlyfish
to eggs
transform the months
requiring gas into
a solid
to but tothe
incubate, create
Rio Grande silvery minnow
D. were able
produces eggsnot only
that to transform
hatch in about 24 thehours,
gas into
ayielding
solid but also that
larvae creating
can swim in just three to
E. were
four days.not only able to transform the gas into
a solid,
A. somebut fishthey
eggswere also able
requiring monthsto to incubate
ADVSC248 create
B. some fish, whose eggs require months to
incubate
C. some fish that have eggs requiring months to
incubate
D. the requirement of months of incubation for
some fish eggs
E. requiring months of incubation, as some fish
ADVSC249 eggs do
 Until Berta and Ernst Scharrer established the
concept of neuro secretion in 1928,
scientists believed that either cells secreted
hormones,
Like the thorny which made them
ballooning of aendocrine
frightened
cells
pufferfish or the sudden appearancesystem,
and thus part of the endocrine of angryor
conducted
sapphire electrical
hoops for whichimpulses, in which
the blue-ringed
case theyiswere
octopus named, nerveso thecellsCalifornia
and thus newt's
part of the
nervous
display ofsystem.its red underbelly is a clear warning
A. either
that cells secreted
predators ignore athormones,
their peril.which made
them
A. so the California newt's display of its red
B. either cells
underbelly is asecreted
clear warninghormones, making them
that predators
C. either
ignore at cells
theirsecreted
peril hormones and were
D. cells
B. so it iseither
at theirsecreted hormones,
peril that predators in which
ignorecase
the
they were
California newt's display of its red underbelly, a
E. cells
clear either secreted hormones, which made
warning
ADVSC250 She
them
C. the was an educator,
California newt'sa builder
displaying of institutions
its red
and
underbelly is a clear warning forfigure
organizations, and a major in theso
predators,
Black church and
they ignore it at their perilsecular feminist movements
as
D. well, so one of the best-known
the California andred most
Recent research newt's indicates display
that twoof itspopular
well-respected
underbelly is aareAfrican
clear Americans
warning of the early
arthritis
twentieth drugs
century possibly
was Nannienotthat
Helen
predators
as safe as they
ignore atbelieved.
initially their peril
Burroughs.
E. itthat
is attwotheir peril that predators
A.
A. She wasnewt's popular
an educator, arthritis drugs ignore
aofbuilder are the
possibly
California
not as safe as they display
initially its red of
believed
institutions
underbelly, a
ADVSC251 and
clear organizations,
warning and a major figure
B. that two popular arthritis drugs may not be
in the Black church and secular feminist
as safe as they
movements as were
well, so initially
one ofbelieved
the best- to be
C. two popular arthritis drugs to possibly not be
known
as safe and as it most
well-respected
was initially believedAfrican
Americans
D.recent
the safety of the
of two early twentieth
popular century may
arthritis
A
was Nannie United
Helen States Census
Burroughs. Bureaudrugs report
not
shows be as
that great
there as it
are was
moreinitially
than believed
three times as
B. She was an educator, a builder of institutions
E. the
many safety
households of two popular
where
and organizations, and a major figure the arthritis
children drugs
and not
to be as great as
grandchildren arethey
living were initially believed to
in their
in the Black church and secular feminist
ADVSC252 be
grandparents' home as
movements, and Nannie Helen Burroughs compared to
households where the grandparents
also was one of the best-known and well- are living
in
respected African Americans of the early
their
Like children's
English
twentieth andor
century. grandchildren's
Italian, each of which home. have
A. as
elaboratecomparedrules to
for households
forming words
C. As an educator, a builder of institutions and whereand the
B. as there are
sentences,
organizations, households
so sign
and a major where
languages havein
figure the
rules
the for
C. as
Black those
individualchurch whose
signsandand signed
secular sentences.
feminist movements,
D.
A. thanEnglish
Like
Nannie compared
Helen and to those
Italian,
Burroughs where
each
was oneofofthe have
which
ADVSC253 E. than
elaborate thererulesare forwhose
forming
the best- known and most well-respected
B. Similar
African to the elaborate
Americans of the early rulestwentieth
that English
and Italian have to form
century.
C.
D. Just
As anaseducator,
English and Italian of
a builder have elaborateand
institutions
rules for forming
organizations, and a major figure in the
D. As with
Black church English and Italian,
and secular feministbothmovements,
having
elaborate
one of therules to form and well-
best-known
E. In the same
respected AfricanwayAmericans
that thereof are elaborate
the early
ADVSC254 rules
twentiethused century
to form was English and Helen
Nannie Italian
Burroughs.
E. Being an educator, a builder of institutions
and organizations, and a major figure in
the Black church and secular feminist
movements, one of the best-known and
most well- respected African Americans of the
early twentieth century was Nannie
ADVSC255 Helen Burroughs.
 researchers have determined, which
makes the leopards many times more rare
compared to
D. Researchers have determined that, because
of being poached and increased
cultivationfaster
Shrinking in their thannative habitats,
any other there the
nation's, are
fewer thandecline
projected 100 Arabianof Japan's leopards left is 17
population
in the wild,
percent thusthe
during making
next halfthemcentury.
many more times
as rare as
A. Shrinking faster than any other nation's, the
E. Researchers
projected decline have of determined
Japan's that, because
of poaching
population isand increased cultivation
It is possible that, like the Volkswagen, whose
in
B. their
Shrinkingnative habitats,
faster than there are fewer than
unchanging
An international exterior
team overofany other
decades
astronomers nation,
working
100
Japan'sArabian
concealed leopards
population
many has
changes left
a in its
theinternal
projected
in wild,decline
at telescopes in the Canary Islands and
and
Spainthat
of
machinery,hasthese theleopards
detected evolution
at least are
of18 thus
many many
huge gastimes
prehistoric
spheres
ADVSC256 more
C. The rare than
population
microbes occurred of Japan is shrinking faster
estimated to have 5with to 15 notimes
significant
the mass
than
of that of
modification
Jupiter, the any other
tosolar
their nationlargest
sheaths.
system's and is planet.
projected
A. the to decline by
astronomers working at telescopesmicrobes
evolution of many prehistoric in the
D. The Japanese
occurred
Canary with no
Islands andpopulation
Spain hasisdetected
significant shrinkingatfaster
than any
modification
least 18 hugeother to
gasnation,
their andestimated
sheaths
spheres it has a to have 5
projected
B. the
to 15 times decline
evolution ofatmany
the mass prehistoric microbes
of Jupiter
E.
was
B. Japan's
occurring
astronomers population
without
working issignificant
shrinking
at telescopes fasterinthan
the
that of
modificationany other
of nation,
their sheaths
Canary Islands and Spain has detected at with a projected
ADVSC257 decline
C. no 18
least at
significant
huge gasmodification
spheres thatwas aremade
at an to the
sheaths
estimated of many
5 to 15 prehistoric
times microbes
Jupiter's
According to one expert, the cause of genetic mass
as
C. they were in
astronomers
irregularities evolving
is working
many breeds at telescopes
of dog is not insothe
D.
much the that
Canary sheathsdogsof
Islands and many
are Spain,
being prehistoric
having microbes
bred for looks or to
went
detected
meet without
other at narrowsignificant
least hugemodification
18criteria gas
as spheres
that the that
breedsare
during
estimated their at evolution
5 to
have relatively few founding 15 times themembers.mass
E.
A. many
of Jupiter
the cause prehistoric
of genetic microbes evolvedinwithout
irregularities many
significant
D. astronomers,
breeds modification
of dog working
is not so muchofattheir
telescopes
that dogs in the
ADVSC258 sheaths
Canary
are being Islands
bred and Spain,orand
for looks has other
to meet
detectedcriteria
narrow at least 18 huge gas spheres
estimated
B. the cause atof 5 to 15 times
genetic the mass of
irregularities in many
Jupiter
breeds of dog is not as much their being
E. astronomers,
bred for looks orworking meetingatother telescopes
narrowincriteria
the
Canary
as muchIslands and Spain, has detected at
least
C. it is18 not huge gas spheres
so much the cause theyofhave estimated
genetic
as being 5 to 15 times Jupiter's
irregularities in many breeds of dog that they
ADVSC259 mass
are being bred for looks or meeting other
narrow criteria as much
D. it is not
Greatly so muchby
influenced thethe cause of genetic
Protested missionary
irregularities
Samuel Kirkland,in many breeds was
the Oneida of dogtheisonly
their
beingofbred
one for looks orIroquois
the five-nation meetingLeagueother narrow
who
criteria
sided with so much
the colonists during the American
E. it is not so much the cause of genetic
Revolution.
irregularities
A. was the only in many
one ofbreeds of dog toIroquois
the five-nation be
ADVSC260 bred forwho
League looks or to meet other narrow criteria
sided
B. was alone of the five-nation Iroquois League
when they sided
C. alone among the five-nation Iroquois League
sided
D. were the only ones out of the five nations of
Iroquois League in siding
E. only of the turtle
Although five-nation
has been Iroquois League
toothless forhadmore
ADVSC261 sided
than 150 million years, in some
contemporary turtle species the moderately
sharp and jagged edges of their horny jaws
function for teeth.
A. their horny jaws function for teeth
B. its horny jaws function for teeth
C. its horny jaws function as do teeth
D. the horny jaws function as teeth do
ADVSC262 E. the horny jaws function as teeth
 The Achaemenid empire of Persia reached the
Indus Valley in the fifth century B.C.,
bringing the Aramaic script with it, from which
was derived both northern and southern
India alphabets.
A.
EachtheyearAramaiccompaniesscript with it, from
in United which
States was
could
derived both northern
save as much as $58 billion annually by and
B. the Aramaic
preventing script
illness amongwithemployees
it, and fromand which
gain
deriving both the northern
as much as $200 billion through improving and the
C. with it the Aramaic
performance of workers script,
if they from which
simply derive
provided
both
In the the
past northern
several
offices with cleaner air. and
years, the astronomers have
D. with it more
detected
A. annually the byAramaic
than 80script,
preventing massive from
illness which most
planets,
among
derives
of themboth
employees as large
andnorthern
gain asand
or larger much thanasJupiter, which
$200 billion
E. withother
circle
through itimproving
thestars.
Aramaic script, and of
performance deriving
workers from
if
ADVSC263 it
A. both
most the
of northern
them
they simply provided offices as and
large or larger than Jupiter,
which
B. annuallycircleif they prevented employee illness
B. most
and gainofasthem muchasaslarge $200orbillion
larger than Jupiter
and circling
through worker performance improved by
C. mostproviding
simply of them at least as large as Jupiter,
circling
C. annually in employee illness prevention and
D.
gainmostly
Women as much
areat expected
least
as $200 as large
to beasthe
billion Jupiter,
through
majority whichof
circle
worker performance improved
student entering law school this fall, a trend by simply
ADVSC264 E. mostly asplacing
providing
ultimately large or morelargerwomenthan Jupiter, circling
in leadership
D. in employee
position in politics illnessandprevention
business. and gain as
much
A. Women as $200 arebillion
expected through
to be the majority of
improving
student entering performance law school of workers
this fall,ifathey
simply provided
trend ultimately placing
E.
B.
Theby
The preventing
yieldmajority
per acre ofillness
students
of coffeeamong employees
entering
berries and
law school
varies
gain
this as
fall much
are as
expected$200 billion
to be
enormously in that a single tree, depending on through
women, a
improved
trend
both that
its size worker
will
and performance
ultimately
on climate placeandifaltitude,
they simplycould
ADVSC265 provided
C. The majority
produce enoughofberries students entering
to make law school
between
this fall
one andare twelveexpected
pounds to of
bedried
women, beans a year.
which will ultimately
A. enormously in thatplace a single tree, depending
D.
on Itboth
is expected
its size and thaton the majority
climate andof students
entering could
altitude, law school produce this fall will be
women,
B. enormously a trendinultimately
that a single placing
tree, dependent
E.
onItitsis size
Before expected
and also
scientists for theclimate
on
learned women
how to tomake
and be thea
majority of
altitude, isgrowth
synthetic students
able tohormone,produce removing it this
entering law school
ADVSC266 fall,
C. which willinultimately
enormously,
painstakingly because
small amounts aplace
singlefrom tree,the
depending
pituitary glands of human cadavers. and
on its size and on climate
altitude,
A. scientists is able to produce
learned how to make a synthetic
D. enormously,
growth hormone, because
removing a single
it tree, being
dependent
successon
painstakingly
The of its
thesize, climate,
program and
to eradicate
altitude,
B. scientists
smallpox ishas
capable
had of producing
learned
stimulated about making
experts to pursuea what
E. enormously,
synthetic
they had not growth because
hormone,
previously a single
theytree,
considered hadpossible
to --
dependent
remove bothif on
it painstakingly
better control, notits size as wellofasthe
eradication, on climate
ADVSC267 and
C.
other altitude,
scientist
infections could
learned such produce
how to synthesize
as measles the
and yaws.
growth
A. whathormone,
they had not it had to be painstakingly
previously considered
removed-- better control, if not
possible
D. learning how
eradication, of the to other
make infections
a syntheticsuch growth
as
hormone, scientists had to
B. what they had not previously considered a remove it
painstakingly
possibility -- better control,
E.not
if Learning how toofsynthesize
eradication, such infections the growthlike
hormone,
C. something it have
theytohad be not
painstakingly
previously
ADVSC268 removed
considered bypossible
scientists -- better control,
if not eradication, of such infections as
D. something not considered a previous
possibility -- better control and
perhaps eradication, of other infections such as
E. the possibility of what they had not
previously considered possible --
better control and possibly eradication of
ADVSC269 infections like
 imprint division, under which it will publish
about 20 purely digital works to be sold
online as either electronic books or
downloadable copies that can be printed upon
purchase.
A. works
Less thanto 35be soldafter
years online theasrelease
either electronic
of African
books or outside Sao Paulo, Brazil,
honeybees
B. works
their to sell them
descendents, online, either
popularly knownasaselectronic
killer
books or
bees had migrated as far north as Southern
C. works
Texas.
The new and image it will sell them
of Stone Age online
peopleas aseither
electronic
A. Less than books
35 or
years as after
systematic hunters of large animals, rather the release of than
D. works,
African and
honeybees
merely scavenging selling them
outside
forlikely online
Sao
meat,tohave as
Paulo, either
Brazil,
emerged
Shipwrecks are more be found
electronic
B. In less
the than books or as ofsince
from
undisturbed at35
examination years
great depths tools releasing
found
than inAfrican
in shallow
E. works,
honeybees
Germany,
costal and it
outside
includingwill sell
Sao
there them
Paulo,
wooden online
Brazil, as
spears either
that
ADVSC270 electronic
C. In less
archaeologists books
than the or 35
believe to years since African
be about 400,000
waters, which exposes archaeological remains
honeybees
years
to old. hadand
turbulence been makesreleased
themoutsideaccessibleSaoto
Paulo,
A. merelyBrazil,scavenging for
anyone in scuba gear, whether they be meat, have emerged
D.
fromIt took less than
the examination
archaeologist, treasure 35 years
ofhunter,
toolsfrom orthe
found release
in
sport diver.of
African
A. than honeybees
Germany, includingcostal
in shallow outside Sao Paulo,
waters, which exposes
Brazil,
B. as merewhenscavenging
archaeological remainsfor to meat, have emerged
E. It took
from examining
turbulence lessand thantools
makes 35 found
years
themafterin the time
accessible to that
African
Germany, honeybees
which were
include
anyone in scuba gear, whether they be released
ADVSC271 outside
C.
B. as
than mereSao
in Paulo,
meat
shallow Brazil,waters,
scavengers,
costal andhas then emerged from
where
examining toolsremains
archaeological found inare exposed to
Germany that
turbulence andincludes
are accessible to anyone in
D. mere
scuba scavengers
gear, whetherof meat, has emerged from
the
C. asexamination
opposed to of tools found
shallow watersinalong the
Germany,
coast, where which includes remains are
archaeological
E. mere scavengers
exposed to turbulence of meat, has emerged
and accessible to from
the examination
anyone in scuba gear, of tools found in
including
ADVSC272 Germany,
D. instead including
of in shallow waters along the coast,
which exposes archaeological
remains to turbulence and making
The spectacular disintegration of a them
comet last
accessible
An internationalto anyonegroup in scuba gear,
of morespace-based
than 2,000
year in full view of ground-and
including an
scientists
telescopesproject provided an average
new insights global warming
into how
E. instead
that will be of shallow
between coastal
1.8 and
comets form and may thus force a rethinking waters,
6.3 because it
degrees of
exposes
Fahrenheit
the role of archaeological
by the year
comets in the remains
deliverytoof organic
2000.
turbulence
A. project an
compounds and make
toaverage
the them accessible
global
evolving warming that
earth. to will
ADVSC273 anyone
be betweenin scuba 1.8 gear, whether
and
A. The spectacular disintegration of a comet
B.
lastproject
year inan average
full view ofglobal ground- warming
and to be
from 1.8 to
space-based telescopes provided new insights
C. project
into how cometsglobal warming
form andthat thuswill may average
between
Ozone,
force 1.8 andform of oxygen that screens
a special
D.
B. projects
outTheharmful global
spectacular warming
ultraviolet rays,toreaches
disintegration average
of ahighfrom 1.8
comet last
to
concentrations
year in full viewtwelve of ground- milesand above Earth,
E. projects
where it has
space-based anlong
averageappeared
telescopes, global warming
that
provided was of
it new immune
insights
ADVSC274 between
from human 1.8 and
influence;
into how comets form and thus we have now realized,
though, that
possibly forcing emissions of industrial
chlorofluorocarbons
C. When a comet's spectacular deplete thedisintegration
ozone layer.
A. has long
occured appeared
in full view ofthat it wasand
ground- immune from
B. has long appeared
space-based telescopes to last
haveyear, beenitimmune
provided
frominsights into how comets form
new
C. has
and long
thus appeared
possibly as being immune to
forcing
had long
D. Last year,appeared
in full view immune
of ground- to and space-
ADVSC275 E. had telescopes,
based long appeared that it was immune to
a comet's
spectacular disintegration provided new
insights into how comets form and thus
possibly forcing
E. Last year, in full view of ground- and space-
based telescopes, the spectacular
disintegration of a comet has provided new
insights into how comets form and may
ADVSC276 thus force
 outs are held for athletes representing the US
in the Olympics, is geared toward enhancing
athletes' performance and toward their
preparation for international competition.
The government predicts that, for consumers
A. is geared toward enhancing athletes'
and businesses that make a large number of
performance and toward their preparation
long - distance calls, the Federal
B. is geared to enhance the performance of
communication's recent telephone rate cuts
athletes and to prepare them
will greatly
C. are geared to enhance athletes performance
reduce costs, though some consumer groups
and their preparation
disagree with the government's estimates,
D. are geared
Patience Lovell toward the enhancement
traveling of
suggesting theyWright,
are too whose optimistic.
athletes'
waxworks performance
exhibit preceded and toward
A. The government predicts Madame Tuscan’s
that, for consumers
preparing
The by 30them
and computer
work businesses year,company
became
that make has
well announced
a large known as that muchit
E.
willare
because geared
of toward
the
having enhancing
number of long-distance calls, the Federal a
purchase color-printing
an eccentric the
division
personality of
ADVSC277 performance
rival
as forcompany offor
athletes
having skillfully $950rendered and preparing
million, which
popular isthem
part of
public
communication's recent telephone
arate
deal
figures that
in will
cuts will make it
wax.greatly reduce costs,the largest
manufacturer
A.
B. The known in
wellgovernment asthe
much office
predicts color-printing
because thatof having
costs willanbe
market,
eccentric personality
greatly reduced for consumers and as for having
A. million,
skillfully
businesses which
rendered
that makeispopular
part of apublic
a large deal
numberthat will
figures inmake
of long-wax.
B. million,
well known
distance a part
calls by of
as the
much a deal forthat
having makesan eccentric
C. million,
personality
Federal part
as forof askillful
Communication deal making
wax
Commission's
D.
telephone rate cuts, apublic
million
renderings as ofa part
popular of deal to make
figures.
ADVSC278 E. million
C. well knownas partas of
much a
The government's prediction is, deal that
because will make
of for
her eccentric
personality and
consumers as she was for her
businesses making skillful
a large
wax renderings
number of popularcalls,
of long-distance public costsfigures.
will be
D. as well
greatly knownby
reduced forthe having
recent an eccentric
personality
telephoneatrate
Scientists as
thehaving
cuts
Los made skillfully
Alamos rendered
byNational
the Federal
popular public
Communications figures in
Commission, wax.
Laboratory have succeeded for the first time in
E.
D. as
Forwell
mining known
consumers
heat fromfor andher
the eccentric
businesses
Earth’s personality
that
interior make as
and
for her
large
producingskillful
number energywax
of renderings
long-distance
on a commercial ofcalls,scale,
ADVSC279 popular
enough public
the government
for figures.
prediction
efficient generation that of theelectricity
Federal
Communication's
and heating factories recent andtelephone
homes.
rate
A. andcuts will greatly
producing energy reduce on acosts,commercial scale,
E. For
enough
Taste consumers
for are
buds efficient and businesses
generation
onion-shaped ofmakingwith
structures a large
number
electricity of long-distance
and heating calls,
between 50 and 100 taste cells, each of them the
government
B.
hasand likepredicts
producing
finger enough
projections thatenergy
the
poking recent
on atelephone
through the
rate cutslocated
commercial
opening thatscale
theatfor
Federal
the electricity
top of the totaste
be bud
Communications
generated
called efficiently
the taste Commission
pore. and to heat has made will
ADVSC280 greatly
C. for reduce
energy costs,
A. them has finger like projections poking scale,
production on a commercial
enough
through for thegenerating
opening located electricity at the top of
efficiently
the taste bud andcalled
to heat the taste pore
D. them
B. to produce
that have energy finger on alike commercial
projections scale,
that
enough
poke for generating
through an opening electricity
located at the
efficiently
top of the and tastefor bud,heating
which they call the taste
E. to
pore produce enough energy on a commercial
scale
C. for has
which efficient
fingergeneration
like projections of poking
ADVSC281 electricity
through theand heat called the taste pore,
opening,
located at the top of taste bud
D. which
To meet the having finger
rising marketinglike projections
demand for thatfish
poke throughsuppliers
and seafood, an opening, arewhich
growing is called
fish
the
twicetaste pore,
as fast as located
their natural at thegrowthtop of therate,taste
bud their feed allotment by nearly half and
cutting
E. which
raising haveon
them finger
special likediets.
projections that are
poking
A. theirthrough an opening
natural growth rate,located
cuttingat their feed
ADVSC282 the top of the taste bud called the taste pore
allotment
B. their natural growth rate, their feed
allotment cut
C. growing them naturally, cutting their feed
allotment
D. they grow naturally, cutting their feed
allotment
E. they grow naturally, with their feed
ADVSC283 allotment cut
 Unlike using spices for cooking, in medicinal
usage they are taken in large quantities in
order to treat particular maladies.
A. Unlike using spices for cooking, in medicinal
usage they are taken
B. unlike spices that are used in cooking, in
using spices forStephen
Paleontologist medicine, Jaythey
Gould arehas
taken argued
C.
thatUnlike
manycooking
biologicalwith spices,
traits aretaking
not thespices for
medicinal
products ofuse is done
natural selection, favored due to
D. In cooking,
their enhancement of small quantities
reproductionof spicesor are
used, whereas
survival, but that in medicinal
they are simplyusagerandom
spices by-
are takenof other evolutionary
products
E. In cooking, the usage of spices is in small
developments.
quantities,
A. due to their whereas in medicinal
enhancement usage
of reproduction or
ADVSC284 they are but
survival, taken that they are
B. due to the reproduction
Hydrocarbons, with which fruit or survival they
flies perfume
enhance, but they are
themselves in species-specific blends, are
C.
The because
known to bethey
Environmental enhance
important inreproduction
Protection Agencyand
courtship, or
survival, butputs
frequently
apparently mandatory
this assists controls
flies that tasteon thetoxic
D. because they
substances
hydrocarbons that enhance
onpresent asreproduction
prospective little
matesrisk as or in a
to one
survival,
distinguish buttheir
million chances areto owncause cancer.
species from that of
E.
A. because
as
others. little of
risk enhancing
as one in areproduction
million chances or to
ADVSC285 survival,
cause but are
A. and apparently this assists flies that taste the
B. as little risk as
hydrocarbons on one chance in a million of
prospective
causingto distinguish their own species from
mates
C.
thatasoflittle risk as one chance in a million that it
will cause
B. and apparently this assists flies when they
D. a risk
taste theashydrocarbons
little as one chance in a million for
on prospective
causingin distinguishing their own species from
mates
E. a risk
those ofas little as one chance in a million for it
ADVSC286 to cause apparently assists flies that tastes the
C. which
hydrocarbons on prospective mates in
being
If currentabletrends
to distinguish
continue, their ownyear
by the species2010from
D. apparently assisting flies to taste
carbon emissions in the United States will soar the
hydrocarbons
to a level moreon prospective
than one-thirdmateshighertothan were
distinguish
those their
in 1990, own species
according from those of
to official
E. apparently assisting flies that taste the
projections.
hydrocarbons
A. will soar to aonlevel prospective
more than mates in
one-third
ADVSC287 distinguishing
higher than were their own species from
those
B. will soar to a level more than one-third
higher than that
C. would soar to a level more than one-third
higher many
Unlike than isUnited
was States cities, where a river
D.
is would
So-called
no longer soarthetotaxes,
green a level
focal more
which
point than
urbanaone-third
ofexact price for
life,
higher
the river than those
use ofinpolluting
San Antonio or nonrenewable
winds throughfuels, the
E.
arewould
middlehavingofsoar to a level
a positive
the business more
effect onthan
district, andone-third
the the River
ADVSC288 higher
Walk, or than
environmental Pascothey were
and
del natural
Rio, is theresource
city's most base of
countriesattraction.
popular
as Unlike
A. varied as manyChina, the Netherlands,
United States cities, where and a
Hungary.
river is no longer the focal point of urban
A.
life,asthe
varied
riverasin San Antonio
as varied
B. Unlike theasriver
are in many cities in the United
C. as varied
Stated, which asisthose of the local
no longer
D. thatofare
point as varied
urban life, inasSan Antonio the river
ADVSC289 E.
C. that
Today arethevaried
riveras in are
many cities in the United
States is no longer the focal point of
urban life, unlike San Antonio, where it
D. In few United States cities today, a river is
the focal point of urban life, but the river
in SanAntonio
E. No longer do many cities in United States
have a river as the focal point of urban
ADVSC290 life, but in San Antonio the river
 C. KatharinetoGraham
amounting about $72, became publisher of The
as compared
Washington
with comparably Post equipped
in 1963, and carsonly
and trucks this
after that did it move into the first rank of
year.
American newspapers,
B. The automobile company having won high that
announced
praise under her command
the average price of next year’s cars and
D. Moving
trucks would into the firstfour-tenths
decrease rank of American of one
newspaper
percent, only after
or about $72,Katharine
from thatGraham of
became
comparably its publisher
equippedinmodels 1963, The this Washington
year.
Post, winning high praise
C. The automobile company announced under her that
command
there would be a decrease of four-tenths
E. Moving
of one percent into the in nextfirstyear’s
rank of American
models price, or
The proliferation
newspapers only of afterso-called
Katharine cybersquatters,
Graham's
about $72, below this year’s
people
becoming who register
itsequipped
publisher theinInternet domain
comparably cars1963, The
and trucks.
names
Washingtonof high-profile companies in hopes of
D. ComparedPost won high praise
to comparably equippedunder her
models
ADVSC291 reselling
command the rights to those names for a
this year, theone
Although automobile company
profit, ledat to passing timethe children’s programming
Anti-Cybersquatting
announced
had been that
limited the
to average
a few price
hours of next year’s
a allowing
Consumer Protection Act in 1999,
cars and
week, now,to trucks would
however, decrease
companies seed upthere to $100000are at least four
in damages
about $72, less by
cable networks that four-
dedicatetenthsthemselves
of one percent.
against those who register domain names
E. Contrasted
entirely withproduced
comparably equipped forcars
with theto soleshowsintent of sellingspecifically
them later.
and trucks of this year, the automobile
children.
A. passing the Anti-Cybersquatting Consumer
company
A. Although announced
at one timethat the average price of
children’s
Protection Act in 1999, allowing
next
A year’s
study
programming on models
couples'
had been would
retirement decreasetransitions
companies to seed up tolimited$100000 to ainfew hours a
damages
ADVSC292 about
found $72,
that
week, now,however,or
womenfour- tenths
who tookof
there domainare at percent.
one
new jobs after
least four
against those who register
retiring
cable fromthe
namesnetworks
with theirthat
sole primary
intent careers
dedicate of selling reported
them later.
high marital
themselves satisfaction,
B. the passage of the Anti-Cybersquatting more so than those
who
B. Withretired
Consumer completely.
children’s
Protection programming
Act in 1999, having
whichbeen
A. morecompanies
limited
allows atsoonethan timethose
totoseedawhofew upretired
hours a
to $100000 in
B. which
week, now was at more
least
damages against those who registerthan
four if they
cable had retired
networks have
C. more names
dedicated
domain than when
themselveswithretiring
the sole intent that they
D. Once
C.
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sell. limited to a few werehours to retire
a week, there
ADVSC293 E.
arewhich
C. now
the was
at
passage more
least infour
1999socable
than
of the those
Anti-retiring
networks with
children’s programming
Cybersquatting Consumer that dedicateAct,
Protection
themselves
which allows companies to seed up to $100000
D. Children’sagainst
in damages programming those who was once limited to
a few hours
register domain a week, names butwith nowthe theresoleare intent of
at least
selling four cable networks
Diesel engines burn as much as 30% less fuel dedicated
E.
D. While
than children’s
thegasoline
Anti-Cybersquatting
engines programming Consumer
of comparable had size,
onceasbeen
limited
Protection
well to a
as emitting few
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far less a
was week,
passed
carbon at in 1999,
dioxide gasand
and
ADVSC294 least
it four of
far fewer cablethe networks
other gasses are that
nowhave dedicated
allows companiesinto
been implicated seek warming.
global up to $100000 in
damages
A. against those
of comparable size , as who wellregister
as emitting far
domain
less carbonnames dioxidewithgas theand solefar intent
fewer toof
sell
E. the
the Anti-Cybersquatting
other gasses that have Consumer Protection
Act,
B. ofpassed
comparable in 1999, size, and as itwellallows
as emit far less
companies
carbon dioxide gas and far fewer ofinthe
to seek up to $100000 damages
againstgasses
other thosehaving who register domain
ADVSC295 names
C. with the sole
of comparable size,intent
and also of selling
they emit far
fewer carbon dioxide and other gasses
that have
D. that
First have a comparable
discovered more than size, and also
30 years ago, they
Lina's
emit far fewer of the
sunbird, a four-and-a-half-inch animalother gasses
havingin the Philippines and that resembles a
found
E. that have a comparable
hummingbird, has shimmering size, metallic
as well as
emitting
colors onfarits fewer
head; of the other
a brilliant gasses
orange patch,
ADVSC296 having
bordered with red tufts, in the center of its
breast; and a red eye.
A. found in the Philippines and that resembles
B. found in the Philippines and that, resembling
C. found in the Philippines and resembling
D. that is found in the Philippines and it
resembles
E. that is found in the Philippines and that,
ADVSC297 resembling
 A. imposing stricter limits on medical services
and requiring doctors to see more
patients, and spend
B. imposing stricter limits on medical services,
requiring doctors to see more patients,
and spending
C. that impose
Because she knew stricter
many limits on leaders
of the medicalof
services,
colonial
A require
decadeAmerica doctors
and thethe
after initiating to see
Americanmore
nation'sRevolution
most
patients,
personally, and
comprehensive spend
Mercy andOtis Warren was
aggressive continually
antismoking
D. that
at or
program, impose
near stricter
thecapita
per center oflimits on medical
political
consumption events
of cigarettes
services
from 1765andto require
1789, adoctors
vantage
in California declined from over to see
125more
point combining
packs
patients,
with
annually spending
her talent
per for writing
person to aboutto make her one
60, a drop more
E.
of that
than impose
thetwice
most stricter
asvaluable
great limits
the on
ashistorians
in medical
of
nationthe
as ear
a whole.
services,
A. per requiring
a vantage
capita point doctors of
combining
consumption to cigarettes
see
withmore
her talent
in for
ADVSC298 patients
writing and
to makespending
California declined from over 125 packs
B. a vantage
annually per point,
personwhen combined
to about withmore
60, a drop her
talenttwice
than for writing,
as greatthatas made
C. aannual
B. vantageperpoint
capitathat combined with
consumption her
of cigarettes
talent
in for writing,
California declinedandfrom
it madeover 125 packs to
D. and60,
about thismore
vantagethanpoint,
twicewhich combined
as great as that with
herCalifornia's
C. talent for writing
annual topermake
capita consumption of
E. and thisdeclined
cigarettes vantage frompoint,over
combined withper
125 packs her
ADVSC299 talent for
person to writing,
about 60, made
more than twice as great as
the drop
D. California has seen per capita consumption
of cigarettes decline from over 125 packs
annually to about 60, a drop more than twice as
great as that
E. California has seen annual per capita
consumption of cigarettes decline from over
125 packs per person to about 60, more than
ADVSC300 twice as great as that

Africa’s black rhino population in the mid-

1970’s numbered about 2,000, ten times the
estimated population of 200 in 1997.
A. the estimated population
B. that of their estimated population
C. more than the population’s estimated
amount
D. more black rhinos than their population
estimate
E. more than that of their population’s
ADVSC301 estimated amount
Employment costs rose 2.8 percent in the 12
months that ended in September, slightly less
than they did in the year that ended in the
previous
Simply quarter.
because they are genetically engineered
A. lessnot
does than theyit did
make any more likely for plants to
B. less than
become it did according to a decade-long
an invasive
C. lesspublished
study than theyin were
the journal Nature.
D. lower than
A. because they are genetically engineered
ADVSC302 E. lower
does notthan
makethey were
it any more likely for plants to
B. because it is genetically engineered does not
make a plant any more likely to
C. being genetically engineered does not make
it any more likely that plants will
D. being genetically engineered does not make
a plant any more likely to
E. being genetically engineered does not make
ADVSC303 a plant any more likely that it will become
 salaries of teachers continue to lag far behind
other college-educated professionals, because
they make an average of nearly $8,000 a year
less at the start of their careers and almost
$24,000 less a year by the time they reach the
age of 50.
A. other college-educated professionals,
because they make an average of nearly $8,000
a year less at the start of their careers and
almost $24,000 less
B. other college-educated professionals, by an
average of nearly $8,000 a year at the start of
their careers, to almost $24,000
C. what other college-educated professionals
are paid—making an average of nearly $8,000 a
year less at the start of their careers and almost
$24,000 less
D. those of other college-educated
professionals—by an average of nearly $8,000 a
A recent
year poll
at the indicates
start of theirthat manytopeople
careers almostin the
United States
$24,000 less hold a combination of
conservative
E. those of otherand college-educated
liberal political views; i.e.,
they denounce bigan
professionals—by government,
average of saying
nearly $8,000 a
government is doing
year at the start toocareers,
of their much and andhas
bybecome
almost
ADVSC304 too powerful,
$24,000 while at the same time
supporting many specific government programs
for health car, education, and environment.
A. they denounce big government, saying
government is doing too much and has become
too powerful, while at the same time
supporting
B. they denounce big government—they say
that government is doing too much and has
become too powerful—but supporting at the
same time
C. they denounce big government, they say that
government is doing too much and it has
become too powerful, while they support at the
same time
D. while they denounce big government, saying
that government is doing too much and has
become too powerful, at the same time
supporting E. while
they are denouncing big government—they say
that government is doing too much and it has
become too powerful—supporting at the same
ADVSC305 time
 Like any star of similar mass would do, once the
Sun has exhausted the hydrogen in its store, it
expands into a red giant, eventually ejecting its
outer envelope of gases to become a white
dwarf.
A. Like any star of similar mass would do, once
the Sun has exhausted the hydrogen in its
store, it expands into a red giant, eventually
ejecting
B. Like any star of similar mass, once the
hydrogen in the Sun’s core is exhausted, then it
expands into a red giant and eventually ejects
C. As in the case of any star of similar mass,
As
onceit isthe
with traditional
hydrogen pharmacies,
in the Sun’s coreonline
is
drugstores
exhausted, rely onexpand
it will prescriptions to be
into a red giant, and
successful, since it is primarily prescriptions
eventually ejecting
that
D. Asattract
any star theofcustomers,
similar mass who thenonce
would, also buy
the
other
hydrogen health-related
in the Sun’sitems.core is exhausted it will
A. As it isinto
expand with traditional
a red giant and pharmacies, online
will eventually eject
drugstores
E. As wouldrely on prescriptions
be the case with anytostar be of similar
successful
mass, once the Sun exhausts the hydrogen in its
B. As with
core, it willthe case of
expand traditional
into pharmacies,
a red giant and
ADVSC306 online
eventually drugstores
eject rely on prescriptions to have
success
C. As is the case with traditional pharmacies,
prescriptions are the cornerstone of a
successful online drugstore
D. As traditional pharmacies, so online
drugstores rely on prescriptions to be
successful
E. Like traditional pharmacies, the cornerstone
ADVSC307 Radiocarbon
of a successful dating
onlineofdrugstore
fossils taken from caves
is prescriptions
on islands along southeastern Alaska’s coast
suggest that at least a portion of the area was
remaining ice-free during the last ice age.
A. suggest that at least a portion of the area
was remaining
B. suggest at least a portion of the area
remaining
C. suggests that at least a portion of the area
remained
D. suggests at least a portion of the area that
had remained
E. suggests at least a portion of the area to have
ADVSC308 remained
 Appearing to be the only candidate whose
views would be acceptable to its membership,
Ranked
the Youth among greatfinally
Canorous mathematical
endorsedscientists
Gorge for
such as Archimedes,
city council. Kepler, and Newton, Abu
Ali al-Hasan ibn
A. Appearing to al-Haytham,
be who was born in
Iraq in 965 C.E.,
B. Seeming to behad experimented extensively
with light and
C. Because he vision,
appearedlaying the foundation for
to be
modern optics and
D. Because he seemed also the notion of science
ADVSC309 being
E. Being based on experiment as well as on
philosophical arguments.
A. al-Haytham, who was born in Iraq in 965 C.E.,
had experimented extensively with light and
vision, laying the foundation for modern optics
and also the notion of science being based on
experiment as well as
B. al-Haytham, born in Iraq in 965 C.E.,
experimented extensively with light and vision,
laying the foundation for modern optics and for
the notion that science should be based on
experiment as well as
C. al-Haytham, born in Iraq in 965 C.E., and who
experimented extensively with light and vision,
thereby laid the foundation for modern optics
and also for the notion that science should be
based on not only experiment but also
D. al-Haytham was born in Iraq in 965 C.E.,
and had experimented extensively with light
and vision, laying the foundation for modern
optics and for the notion that science should be
based on not only experiment but also
E. al-Haytham was born in Iraq in 965 C.E.,
experimenting extensively with light and vision
and laying the foundation for modern optics
and for the notion of science being based on
ADVSC310 experiment as well as
 repertory, views on musical collaboration, and
vocal style were influential on generations of
bluegrass artists, was also an inspiration to
many musicians, that included Elvis Presley and
Jerry Garcia, whose music differed significantly
from his own.
A. were influential on generations of bluegrass
artists, was also an inspiration to many
musicians, that included Elvis Presley and Jerry
Garcia, whose music differed significantly from
B. influenced generations of bluegrass artists,
also inspired many musicians, including Elvis
Presley and Jerry Garcia, whose music differed
significantly from
C. were influential to generations of bluegrass
artists, was also an inspiration to many
musicians, that included Elvis Presley and Jerry
Garcia, whose music was different significantly
in comparison to
D. were influential to generations of bluegrass
artists, also inspired many musicians, who
include Elvis Presley and Jerry Garcia, the music
of whom differed significantly when compared
to
E. were an influence on generations of
bluegrass artists, was also an inspiration to
many musicians, including Elvis Presley and
Jerry Garcia, whose music differed significantly
ADVSC311 While theyofremove carbon dioxide from the air,
from that
conserve soil and water, and house thousands
of species, forests also supply potentially
valuable pharmaceuticals, and, as sources of
building material and firewood, that provide
employment for millions worldwide.
A. pharmaceuticals, and, as sources of building
material and firewood, that provide
B. pharmaceuticals, and sources of building
material and firewood, are providers of
C. pharmaceuticals and, as sources of building
Unlike
material the other
and major that
firewood planets, Pluto has a
are provide
highly eccentric orbit, which is
D. pharmaceuticals and as sources of thus closer to
building
the Sun than
material Neptune isfor
and firewood, forproviding
20 years out of
every 230-year cycle,
E. pharmaceuticals and,even though itofisbuilding
as sources
ADVSC312 commonly
material and described
firewood, asprovide
the remotest planet in
the solar system.
A. Pluto has a highly eccentric orbit, which is
thus closer to the Sun than Neptune is
B. Pluto has a highly eccentric orbit and is thus
closer to the Sun than Neptune is
C. Pluto’s orbit is highly eccentric and is thus
closer to the Sun than Neptune
D. the orbit of Pluto is highly eccentric and thus
closer to the Sun than Neptune
E. the orbit of Pluto is highly eccentric, thus
ADVSC313 closer to the Sun than Neptune is
 The parachutelike membranes of Africa’s scaly-
tailed flying squirrels differ from those of the
flying squirrels in the family Sciuridae because
they are attached to a cartilage rod at the
elbow instead of the wrist.
A. because
The survivalthey are attached
of coral colonies, to a cartilage
which are rod
at the elbow
composed of instead of
innumerable tiny polyps living in a
B. becauserelationship
symbiotic of being attached to a cartilage
with brilliantly coloredrod
at the elbow
algae, are beingrather than at experts say, not
threatened,
C. in by
only their attachment
pollutants like to a cartilagerunoff,
agricultural rod atoil
the
elbow instead
sticks, and trash,of being attached
but also at anchors,
by dropped
D. in thatdrivers,
probing they are attached
and global to a cartilage rod at
the elbow rather than at
warming.
E. in
A. aretheir being
being attachedexperts
threatened, to a cartilage rodonly
say, not at
ADVSC314 the elbow instead
by pollutants like of
B. are being threatened, experts say, by not
only pollutants such as
C. is not only being threatened, experts say, by
pollutants such as
D. is not only being threatened, experts say, by
pollutants like E. is being
threatened, experts say, not only by pollutants
ADVSC315 such as
 Once made exclusively from the wool of sheep
that roam the Isle of Lewis and Harris off the
coast of Scotland, Harris tweed is now made
only with wools that are imported, sometimes
from the mainland and sometimes they come—
as a result of a 1996 amendment to the Harris
Tweed Act— from outside Scotland.
A. sometimes from the mainland and
sometimes they come
B. sometimes from the mainland and
sometimes
C. that come sometimes from the mainland or
sometimes
D. from the mainland sometimes, or sometimes
it comes
E. from the mainland sometimes, or sometimes
ADVSC316 coming

While Hans Holbein the Younger is most often

identified with his English portraits, scholars
have long been recognizing him as a superb
draftsman and a remarkably versatile artist and
who was fundamental in synthesizing the
novelties of the Italian Renaissance with the
tradition of Northern Europe.
A. been recognizing him as a superb draftsman
and a remarkably versatile artist and who
B. been recognizing him for being a superb
draftsman and a remarkably versatile artist and
he
C. recognized him as a superb draftsman and a
remarkably versatile artist who
D. recognized him as a superb draftsman and a
remarkably versatile artist and he
E. recognized him for being a superb draftsman
ADVSC317 and a remarkably versatile artist and who
 skull, come what scientists know about
dinosaur brains.
A. From studies of the bony house of the brain,
which is the cranium, located in the back of the
skull, come what scientists know about
dinosaur brains.
B. The knowledge of dinosaur brains that
scientists have come from studies of the bony
house of the brain, located in the back of the
skull, that is, the cranium
C. The knowledge that scientists know about
dinosaur brains comes from studies of the bony
house of the brain, which is located in the back
of the skull and is called the cranium

D. What scientists know

about dinosaur brains comes from studies of
the cranium, the bony house of the brain
located in the back of the skull
E. Located in the back of the skull is the
cranium, the bony house of the brain, and it is
from studies of this that scientists know what
ADVSC318 they know about dinosaur brains

During the last interglacial period, the climate

on the Earth was warmer than it is today, and
the consequent melting of the polar ice caps
caused the sea level to raise about 60 feet over
and above what its height presently is now.
A. sea level to raise about 60 feet over and
above what its height presently is now
B. sea level to be raised over its height
presently about 60 feet
C. sea level to rise about 60 feet above its
present height
D. level of the seas to rise over and above its
present height about 60 feet
E. level of the seas to be raised over their
ADVSC319 height, now about 60 feet
 In hoping to restrain economic growth, interest
rates were raised by British policymakers,
making it more expensive to borrow for
businesses and consumers.
A. In hoping to restrain economic growth,
interest rates were raised by British
policymakers, making it more expensive to
borrow for businesses and consumers.
B. Making it more expensive for businesses and
consumers to borrow, interest rates were
raised by British policymakers, in hopes of their
restraining economic growth.
C. In making borrowing for businesses and
consumers more expensive, British
policymakers, in hopes they will restrain
economic growth, had raised interest rates.
In
D. an effort torestraining
Hopefully increase profits, the growth,
economic company
moved itself from emphasizing
British policymakers its chemicals
raised interest rates,
business
making more to expand into high-growth
expensive borrowing by
pharmaceuticals and futuristic biotechnologies.
businesses and consumers.
A. itself from
E. Hoping emphasizing
to restrain its chemicals
economic growth, British
business
policymakersto expand
raised interest rates, making it
B. itself
more from emphasizing
expensive its chemicals
for businesses and consumers
ADVSC320 business
to borrow. then to expanding
C. from an emphasis on its chemicals business
and to expanding D. from
an emphasis on its chemicals business and to
expand
E. from emphasizing its chemicals business to
ADVSC321 expanding

Compared to those who do not, running three

days a week saves an average of 14.1 percent
on health-care costs each year in the United
States.
A. Compared to those who do not, running
three days a week saves
B. Compared with nonrunners, people who run
three days a week save
C. Compared to not running, those running for
three days a week save
D. When compared with those who do not,
people running three days a week save
E. When compared to nonrunners, running
ADVSC322 three days a week saves
 In the United States, while the number of
foreign-born residents and their children is
higher than ever, the percentage of the
population they represent is not, in 1910 this
group made up 35 percent of the population
when compared to 20 percent in 2000.
A. population when compared to 20 percent in
2000
B. population as compared to 2000, when it
was 20 percent C.
population, comparing it with 20 percent in
2000
D. population, unlike 2000, with 20 percent
E.
Aspopulation,
with those ofcompared
humans,with 20 percent
the DNA in
of grape
ADVSC323 2000
plants contains sites where certain unique
sequences of nucleotides are repeated over
and over.
A. As with those of humans, the DNA of grape
plants contains sites where
B. As human DNA, the DNA of grape plants
contain sites in which
C. As it is with human DNA, the DNA of grape
plants, containing sites in which
D. Like human, the DNA of grape plants contain
sites where
E. Like human DNA, the DNA of grape plants
ADVSC324 contains sites in which

A new study finds that the more hostility

people show in their behavior and attitudes,
then calcium deposits are more likely to be in
the arteries of their hearts.
A. then calcium deposits are more likely to be
B. then the more likely calcium deposits are
C. the more there are likely to be calcium
deposits
D. the more likely they are to have calcium
deposits
E. the more likely there are to be calcium
ADVSC325 deposits
 The United States will be affected by whether
Taiwan develops a closer relationship with
mainland China or preserves the status quo,
since the island nation is the United States’
seventh-largest trading partner.
A. The United States will be affected by
whether Taiwan develops a closer relationship
with mainland China or preserves the status
quo B. Whether or
not Taiwan develops a closer relationship with
mainland China or preserves the status quo
affecting the United States
C. Whether or not Taiwan develops a closer
relationship with mainland China or the status
quo computer
The is preserved, it will affect
company the United
reported strong States
D. It affects the United
second-quarter earnings States whether Taiwan
that surpassed Wall
will develop
Street’s a closer
estimates andrelationship
announcedwith the mainland
first in a
China
series orof preserves the statustoquo
price cuts intended increase sales
E. It affects the United States whether or not
further.
Taiwan
A. will develop
The computer a closerreported
company relationship with
strong
ADVSC326 mainland China earnings
second-quarter or preserve thatthe status quo
surpassed Wall
Street’s estimates and announced the first in a
series of price cuts intended to increase sales
further.
B. The report of the computer company
showed strong second-quarter earnings,
surpassing Wall Street’s estimates, and they
announced the first in a series of price cuts that
they intend to increase sales further.
C. Surpassing Wall Street’s estimates, the
report of the computer company showed
strong second-quarter earnings, and, for the
purpose of increasing sales further, they
announced the first in a series of price cuts.
D. The computer company reported strong
second-quarter earnings, while announcing the
first in a series of price cuts for the purpose of
increasing sales further that surpass Wall
Street’s estimates.
E. The computer company, surpassing Wall
Street’s estimates, reported strong second-
quarter earnings, while announcing that to
increase sales further, there would be the first
ADVSC327 in a series of price cuts.
 Even though her career was cut short when she
was in her prime and the fifteen recordings she
made were disappointing artistically as well as
technically, Olive Fremstad (1871-1951) has
never been entirely forgotten by opera
aficionados.
A. though her career was cut short when she
was in her prime and the fifteen recordings she
made were
B. though her career was cut short while in her
prime, with the fifteen recordings she made
C. as her career had been cut short when she
was in her prime, with the fifteen recordings
she had made
D. with her
career having been cut short when she was in
her prime, and the fifteen recordings she made
were
E. with her career cut short while in her prime,
ADVSC328 and that the fifteen recordings she made were

The two oil companies agreed to merge their

refining and marketing operations in the
Midwest and the West, forming a new
company for controlling nearly fifteen of the
nation’s gasoline sales.
A. forming a new company for controlling
B. forming a new company that would control
C. which would form a new company that
controlled
D. which formed a new company for controlling
E. which formed a new company that would
ADVSC329 control
 The ecosystems of barrier islands are extremely
vulnerable-whether from natural processes like
shoreline recession, rising sea levels, and
destructive hurricanes, or the ever-increasing
pressures of development.
A. whether from natural processes like
shoreline recession, rising sea levels, and
destructive hurricanes, or
B. whether from natural processes such as
shoreline recession, rising sea levels, and
destructive hurricanes, or also
C. to processes that are natural like shoreline
recession, rising sea levels, and destructive
hurricanes, and also
D. to processes that are natural ones like
shoreline recession, rising sea levels, and
destructive hurricanes, as well as to
E. to natural processes such as shoreline
recession, rising sea levels, and destructive
ADVSC330 hurricanes, as well as to

The 151 member governments of the World

Bank are expected to increase the bank’s
funding by $175 billion, though some United
States legislators cite an obstacle to
congressional passage being the concern that
the bank’s loans will help foreign producers
compete with American businesses.
A. an obstacle to congressional passage being
the concern
B. a concern as an obstacle to congressional
passage
C. as an obstacle to congressional passage the
concern
D. the concern, an obstacle to congressional
passage
E. as an obstacle for Congress to pass it the
ADVSC331 concern
 A Food and Drug Administration rule
implemented in December 2000 mandates that
any new drug that they intend to be used both
by adults and children must undergo pediatric
study and that its manufactures list children’s
doses on the label.
A. drug that they intend to be used both by
adults and children must
B. drug whose intended use is for adults and
Performing a risky maneuver that required
children as well
precision
C. drug intendednot
flying, for only
use bydidboth
space shuttle
adults and
astronauts
children retrieve an orbiting satellite, it was
done simultaneously while avoiding being
D. drug, if they intend that it be used by adults rear-
ended by a passing
and also children, must ultraviolet telescope
E. drug, if intended A. not onlyboth
for use did space shuttle
by adults and
ADVSC332 astronauts
children, mustretrieve an orbiting satellite, it was
done
simultaneously while avoiding
B. not only was an orbiting satellite retrieved by
space
Genetic shuttle astronauts,
engineering but they
sometimes also plant or
entails
simultaneously avoided
animal genes’ getting spliced into other species’
C. an orbiting
DNA, either tosatellite
improvewas cropretrieved
yields orbyforspace
shuttle
wardingastronauts
off insectswho also avoided
or disease.
simultaneously
A. plant or animal genes’ getting spliced into
D. space
other shuttle
species’ astronauts
DNA, either toretrieved
improvean crop
orbiting satellite, simultaneously
yields or for warding off while avoiding
E. space
B. shuttle
plant or animalastronauts
genes that retrieved an orbiting
get spliced into
ADVSC333 satellite
the DNAand simultaneously
of other avoided
species, either for improving
crop yields or the warding off of
C. the splicing of plant or animal genes into
other species’ DNA, to either improve crop
yields or to ward off
D. splicing plant or animal genes into the DNA
of other species, either to improve crop yields
or to ward off
E. splicing of plant or animal genes into the
DNA of other species, for either the
ADVSC334 improvement of crop yields or to ward off
It seems likely that a number of astronomical
phenomena, such as the formation of planetary
nebulas, may be caused by the interaction
where two stars orbit each other at close range.
A. may be caused by the interaction where two
stars orbit each other
B. may be caused by the interaction between
two stars that each orbit the other
C. are because of the interaction between two
stars that orbit each other
D. are caused by the interaction of two stars
where each is orbiting the other
E. are caused by the interaction of two stars
ADVSC335 orbiting each other
 Gasoline marketing is undergoing major
changes as stations often not only add
convenience stores but also combine with
major fast-food chains to build complexes
where customers can shop and eat as well as
buy gasoline.
A. not only add convenience stores but also
combine with major fast-food chains to build
B. not only add convenience stores but also
they combine with major fast-food chains to
build
C. are not only adding convenience stores but
also in combination with major fast-food chains
they build
D. add not only convenience stores, but also
combining with major fast-food chains to build
E. are not say
Scientists onlythat
adding
eachconvenience stores, but
of the photographs
also inof
taken combining with major
the Ares Villas fast-food
plain by the Marschains
ADVSC336 they build indicate the overwhelming extent to
Pathfinder
flooding on the planet billions of years ago and
the degree that rocks were scattered by its
force.
A. indicate the overwhelming extent to flooding
on the planet billions of years ago and the
degree that
B. indicate that the extent of the floods on the
planet billions of years ago was overwhelming
and the degree to which
C. indicate the overwhelming extent of the
floods on the planet billions of years ago and
the degree to which
D. indicates the overwhelming extent of the
flooding on the planet billions of years ago and
the degree to which
E. indicates the overwhelming extent to
flooding on the planet billions of years ago and
ADVSC337 the degree that

The federal rules aimed at protecting human

subjects of medical experiments were
established to ensure that patients must be
warned of potential risks and an independent
panel would evaluate the experiment before it
was conducted.
A. must be warned of potential risks and an
independent panel would
B. must be warned of potential risks and that an
independent panel
C. are warned about potential risks and that an
independent panel
D. will be warned about potential risks and an
independent panel would
E. would be warned of potential risks and that
ADVSC338 an independent panel would
 According to two teams of paleontologists,
recent fossil discoveries in Pakistan show that
whales, porpoises, and dolphins are more
closely related to some of the oldest known
even-toed
In the major ungulates--a group of hoofed
cities of industrialized countries at
mammals that today includes
the end of the nineteenth century, cows,important
camels,
pigs, and hippos—than to any other
public places such as theaters, restaurants, mammals.
A. that whales, porpoises, and dolphins
shops, and banks had installed electric lighting, are
more closely related to some of the
but electricity was in less than one percent of oldest
known
homes,even-toed ungulates—a
where lighting group of mainly
was still provided
hoofed mammals
by candles or gas. that today includes cows,
camels, pigs, and hippos—than
A. electricity was in less than one percent of
B. that whales,
homes, porpoises,
where lighting wasandstilldolphins are
more closely related to some
B. electricity was in less than one of the oldestof
percent
known even-toed
homes and lighting stillungulates—a group of
hoofed mammals that today include
C. there were less than one percent of homes cows,
camels, pigs, andwhere
with electricity, hippos—as
lighting was still being
C.
D. there was less thanand
whales, porpoises, onedolphins
percent to of be more
homes
closely related to some of the oldest known
that had electricity, having lighting that was still
eventoed
E. less thanungulates—a
one percentgroupof homesof hoofed
had
ADVSC339 mammals that today include cows,
electricity, where lighting had still been camels, pigs,
and hippos—than they are
D. whales, porpoises, and dolphins as being
more closely related to some of the oldest
known even-toed ungulates—a group of
hoofed mammals that today includes cows,
camels,the
When pigs, and hippos—as
temperature they
of a gas are
is increased, it
E. either
is whales, porpoises, and
accompanied dolphins
by an increase as in
more
closely related
pressure to some
if the gas of the oldest
is enclosed known or
in a container,
eventoed
an increase ungulates—a
in volume if group
the gasofishoofed
able to
mammals
expand. that today include cows, camels, pigs,
ADVSC340 andWhen
A. hippos—than
the temperature of a gas is increased,
it is either accompanied by an increase in
pressure if the gas is enclosed in a container, or
B. When the temperature of a gas is increased,
it is accompanied either by an increase in
pressure if it is enclosed in a container or
C. When the temperature of a gas is increased,
the increase is either accompanied by an
increase in pressure if the gas is enclosed in a
container or by
D. Any increase in the temperature of a gas is
either accompanied by an increase in pressure
if it is enclosed in a container, or by
E. Any increase in the temperature of a gas is
accompanied either by an increase in pressure
ADVSC341 if the gas is enclosed in a container or by
 Some patients who do not respond to therapies
for depression may simply have received
inadequate treatment, having, for example,
been prescribed a drug at a dosage too low to
be effective or having been taken off a drug too
soon.
A. having, for example, been prescribed a drug
at a dosage too low to be effective or having
been
B. having, for example, a drug prescription that
was ineffective because the dosage was too
low, or being
C. as, for example, having too low of a dosage
of a prescribed drug for it to be effective, or
being
D. when they have, for example, been
prescribed too low a drug dosage to be
effective, or were
E. for example, when they have a drug
prescription with a dosage too low to be
ADVSC342 The budget
effective, orfor education reflects the
been
administration's demand that the money is
controlled by local school districts, but it can
only be spent on teachers, not on books,
computers, or other materials or activities.
A. the money is controlled by local school
districts, but it can only be spent
B. the money be controlled by local school
districts, but it allows them to spend the money
only
C. the money is to be controlled by local school
districts, but allowing it only to be spent

D. local school
districts are in control of the money, but it
allows them to spend the money only
E. local school districts are to be in control of
ADVSC343 the money, but it can only spend it
 Constructed at least as early as the Sui dynasty
(A.D, 581-618). the Altar of Heaven is the oldest
Exceeding
known altar even
usedthe in figures
Chinesepredicted
state religiousby the
most optimistic financial analysts,
practice, more than 1.000 years older than a the
automobile
similar one incompany
Beijing, had earnings
it is the in thefound
only altar first
quarter
so far thatthat more than
predates the doubled
Qing dynasty the previous
(A.D.
quarter.
1644-1912).
A. company
Constructed hadatearnings
least as in theas
early first
thequarter
Sui
that more
dynasty than
(A.D. doubledthe Altar of Heaven is
581-618),
B. company
the oldest knownearned more
altar usedthan double instate
in Chinese the
first quarter
religious what they
practice, morewere than in 1,000 years older
C. company
than a similar hadone first quarter itearnings
in Beijing, is that
more than doubled those in
B. Constructed at least as early as the Sui
D. company's
dynasty earnings inthe
(A.D. 581-618), theAltar
firstofquarter
Heaven, were
the
more than
oldest known double
altar used in Chinese state
E. company's
religious earnings
practice, is morein the
than first quarter
1,000 yearswere
ADVSC344 more
older than double those of
a similar one in Beijing and is
C. The Altar of Heaven, having been
constructed at least as early as the Sui dynasty
(A.D. 581-618) and the oldest known altar used
in Chinese state religious practice, is more than
1,000 years older than a similar one in Beijing
and
D. The Altar of Heaven, which was constructed
at least as early as the Sui dynasty (A.D. 581-
618) and is the oldest known altar used in
Chinese
Whereasstate heatreligious
transferred practice,
between more thethanocean
1,000 years older than a similar
and the atmosphere occurs more rapidly one in Beijing
when
and is
the ocean is warmer than the air, it is slow
E. Thethe
when oldest
oceanknown altar used in Chinese state
is colder.
religious practice,
A. Whereas heat transferredmore than between
1,000 years theolder
than a similar one in Beijing,
ocean and the atmosphere occurs more rapidlythe Altar of
Heaven,
when thewhich oceanwas constructed
is warmer than the at least
air, itasisearly
ADVSC345 as the Sui dynasty (A.D.
slow when the ocean is colder. 581-618) and is
B. Unlike
The rise ofthetheslow
Incan process
empire ofrested
heat transfer
not only on
between
the Incas'the oceanmight
military and theandatmosphere
the ability ofwhen their
the ocean
rulers is colder
but also they thanimposedthe air, heat organized
a highly transfers
more
economic rapidly
andwhen the system
political ocean isonwarmer.many
C. The transfer of heat between
different ethnic groups and permitting the ocean themand to
the atmosphere
retain many of their is slow whenand
customs the often
oceantheir is
colder
own than the air and more rapid when the
leaders.
ocean
A. theyisimposed
warmer.a highly organized economic
D. Transferring
and political system heat on between the oceanethnic
many different and
the atmosphere
groups occursthem
and permitting slowly when the ocean
is colder
B. on their than the air and
imposition of amore
highlyrapidly
organized when it
is warmer.and political system on many
economic
E. When the
different ocean
ethnic is colder
groups, whothan werethe permitted
atmosphere,
C. because of their imposition between
heat transferred of a highlythem
occurs slowly,
organized unlike and
economic the more
politicalrapid
systemtransfer
on
ADVSC346 occurring
many whenethnic
different the ocean is warmer.
groups, who they
permitted
D. on their imposing of a highly organized
economic and political system on many
different ethnic groups and they permitted
them
E. imposing a highly organized economic and
political system on many different ethnic
ADVSC347 groups, permitting them
 Sixty-five million years ago, according to some
scientists, an asteroid bigger than Mount
Everest slammed into North America, which,
causing plant and animal extinctions, marks the
end of the geologic era known as the
Cretaceous Period.
A. which, causing plant and animal extinctions,
marks
B. which caused the plant and animal
Although
extinctionsthe vast constellation of small islands
marking
that
C. and causing plantPacific
dot the South has a population
and animal extinctionsofthat
only
mark a few million people, it is home to D.
about
an a
sixth
eventofthat
thecaused
world'splant
6,000and
or so languages.
animal extinctions,
A. Pacific
and it markshas a population of only a few million
people, it is that caused the plant and animal
E. an event
ADVSC348 B. Pacific
extinctions has a population
that mark of only a few million
people, they are
C. Pacific is populated by only a few million
people, and it is
D. Pacific, having a population of only a few
Complex humanistraits
million people, such as artistic talent or
nonetheless
social skill are likely to
E. Pacific, populated by onlybe shaped
a fewby thousands,
million
ADVSC349 if not tens of thousands,
people, yet they are of the 80.000 or so
genes in the human genome.
A. such as artistic talent or social skill are likely
to be shaped by thousands, if not tens of
thousands, of the 80,000 or so
B. such as artistic talent or social skill are likely
shaped by thousands, if not tens of thousands,
of 80,000 or so of the
C. such as artistic talent or social skill is likely to
be shaped by thousands, if not tens of
thousands, of 80,000 or so of the
D. like artistic talent or social skill is likely to be
shaped by thousands, if not tens of thousands,
of the 80,000 or so
E. like artistic talent or social skill are likely
shaped by thousands, if not tens of thousands,
ADVSC350 of the 80,000 or so
 During
Besidesthe samecomplementary
adding period in whichflavors the Mayato many
were developing
foods, hot saucesastimulate
hieroglyphicthe system
release of of
writing, the in
endorphins Aztec
the people alsoasdeveloped
brain, just exercise does,a
written
and these language, but it was noteffect
have a pain-relieving as highly
like
sophisticated
morphine's. as that of the Maya and was more
pictographic
A. hot saucesinstimulate
nature. the release of
A. but it wasinnot
endorphins theasbrain,
highlyjust
sophisticated
as exercise as that
does,
of the
and Maya
these haveandawas
pain-relieving effect like B. but it
was not as highly sophisticated as the Maya,
morphine's
being
B. hot sauces stimulate the release of
C. but, not as
endorphins inhighly sophisticated
the brain, like exercise,as the
and they
Maya's,
have was
a pain-relieving effect that is like
D. not as highly sophisticated as that of the
morphine
Maya, however,
C. hot sauces andbeing
exercise both stimulate the
E.
A not
release as
groupof highly sophisticated
ofendorphins
paleontologists as theand
in therecently
brain, Maya's
they
announced
ADVSC351 however,
have a it was
pain-relieving effect like morphine
that a site in Utah has yielded fossils of some of
D.
thethe release
biggest of endorphins
armored dinosaurs in ever
the brain
found, is and
stimulated
they are at bothleast by
25 hot sauces
million yearsand exercise,
older than
and they
those havesimilar
of any a pain-relieving
dinosaur type effect like
that
morphine's
previously was found in North America.
E.
A. the
andrelease
they areofatendorphins in theyears
least 25 million brainolder
is
stimulated by hot sauces, just as
than those of any similar dinosaur type that with exercise,
and these have
previously was a pain-relieving effect like that
ADVSC352 of and
B. morphine
that they were at least 25 million years
older than any similar dinosaur type previously
C. and the fossils are at least 25 million years
older than any similar dinosaur types that
previously were
D. fossils that are at least 25 million years older
than those of any similar dinosaur type
previously
E. fossils at least 25 million years older than
ADVSC353 similar dinosaur
Astronomers types
have that were
uncovered previously
evidence that a
star that was as bright as the full moon
exploding into view 340.000 years ago, emitting
dazzling radiation that could have disrupted
Earth's protective ozone layer and sunburned
our Stone Age ancestors.
A. that a star that was as bright as the full moon
exploding into view 340,000 years ago, emitting
B. that a star as bright as the full moon
exploded into view 340,000 years ago, emitting
C. of a star that was as bright as the full moon
exploding into view 340,000 years ago and that
it emitted
D. of a star as bright as the full moon, exploding
into view 340,000 years ago and emitting
E. of a star as bright as the full moon that
exploded into view 340,000 years ago and that
ADVSC354 emitted
 enforced antipollution laws, mostly in the
developing world, and that, in order to
maintain competitiveness, rich nations have
joined this downward slide toward
more lax attitudes about pollution.
A. that, in order to maintain competitiveness,
rich nations have joined this downward slide
toward more lax attitudes about pollution
B. that, for maintaining competitiveness, rich
nations join in this downward slide toward
more lax attitudes about pollution
C. that rich nations join this downward slide
toward more lax attitudes about pollution
because of wanting to maintain
competitiveness
D. that in rich nations, joining this downward
slide toward more lax attitudes about pollution
is a result of wanting to maintain competition
E. that wanting to maintain competition is
making rich nations join in this downward slide
toward an attitude about pollution that is more
ADVSC355 lax

With an awareness that there are connotations

associated with the numbers 1 and 2 and the
letters A and B, companies conducting
consumer taste tests of foods or beverages
typically choose numbers such as 697 or 483 to
label the products.
A. With an awareness that there are
connotations associated with the numbers 1
and 2 and the letters A and B
B. Because the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters
A and B have connotations they are aware of
C. Because of an awareness of the numbers 1
and 2 and the letters A and B having
connotations
D. Aware of the connotations of the numbers 1
and 2 and the letters A and B
E. Since the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A
and B have connotations associated with them
ADVSC356 and they are aware of it
 The continental United States receives an
average of 30 inches of precipitation a year;
transpiration from soil and from plants returns
approximately 21 of the 30 inches to the
atmosphere, while the balance of 9 inches
contributes to the flow of streams and rivers.
A. transpiration from soil and from plants
returns approximately 21 of the 30 inches to
the atmosphere, while the balance of 9 inches
contributes to the flow
B. even though transpiration from soil and from
plants returns approximately 21 of the 30
inches to the atmosphere, the remainder of 9
inches contribute to the flowing
C. although transpiration from soil and from
plants return approximately 21 of the 30 inches
to the atmosphere, the balance of 9 inches
contribute to the flowing
D. with transpiration from soil and from plants
to return approximately 21 inches to the
atmosphere, the rest of the 9 inches
contributes to the flow
E. as transpiration from soil and from plants
return approximately 21 of the 30 inches to the
atmosphere, the rest of the 9 inches contribute
ADVSC357 to the like
India, flowItaly and China, has no single
dominant cuisine: Indian food comprises many
different styles of cooking, with each a product
of their regional influences, from the fiery
vegetarian dishes of the south to the
Portuguese-influenced Goan cooking of the
west, to
Stock the for
levels more familiarcrude
domestic Mogul oilfood of the
are far lower
north.in past years, leaving domestic oil prices
than
A. with eachtoaany
vulnerable product
hints of
of their
oil supplies being
B. with each
disrupted as aMiddle
in the productEast
of its
or to any
C. each products
unexpected of their
consumer demand growth possibly
D. each a product
prompted of
by colder-than-normal temperatures.
ADVSC358 E. each
A. leavingproducts
domesticof oil prices vulnerable to any
hints of oil supplies being disrupted in the
Middle East or to any unexpected consumer
demand growth possibly
B. leaving domestic oil prices vulnerable to any
hints of oil supply disruptions in the Middle East
or any unexpected growth in consumer
demand that might be
C. leaving domestic oil prices vulnerable to any
hints of oil supplies that are disrupted in the
Middle East or to any unexpected growth in
consumer demand as was possibly
D. resulting in the fact that domestic oil prices
are vulnerable to any hints of oil supplies being
disrupted in the Middle East or to any
unexpected consumer demand growth possibly
E. resulting in the fact of domestic oil prices
that are vulnerable to any hints of oil supply
disruptions in the Middle East or to any
unexpected growth in consumer demand that
ADVSC359 might be
 Australian embryologists have found evidence
that suggests that the elephant is descended
from an aquatic animal, and its trunk originally
evolved as a kind of snorkel.
A. that suggests that the elephant is descended
from an aquatic animal, and its trunk originally
evolved
B. that has suggested the elephant descended
from an aquatic animal, its trunk originally
evolving
C. suggesting that the elephant had descended
from an aquatic animal with its trunk originally
evolving
D. to suggest that the elephant has descended
from an aquatic
Officials animalStates
at the United and its trunk
Mint originally
believe that
evolved
the Sacagawea dollar coin will be used more as
E. to suggestfor
a substitute that thequarters
four elephantrather
is descended
than for
from
the dollar bill because its weight,its
an aquatic animal and that trunk
only 8.1
ADVSC360 originally evolved
grams, is far less than four quarters, which
weigh 5.67 grams each.
A. more as a substitute for four quarters rather
than for the dollar bill because its weight, only
8.1 grams, is far less than
B. more as a substitute for four quarters than
the dollar bill because it weighs only 8.1 grams,
far less than
C. as a substitute for four quarters more than
for the dollar bill because it weighs only 8.1
grams, far less than
D. as a substitute for four quarters more than
the dollar bill because its weight of only 8.1
grams is far lighter than it is for
E. as a substitute more for four quarters rather
than for the dollar bill because its weight, only
ADVSC361 8.1 grams, is far less than it is for

One automobile manufacturer has announced

plans to increase the average fuel efficiency of
its sport utility vehicles by 25 percent over the
next five years, amounting to roughly five miles
per gallon, and representing the first significant
change in the fuel efficiency of any class of
passenger vehicle in almost two decades
A. amounting to roughly five miles per gallon,
and representing
B. amounting to roughly five miles per gallon,
and it would represent
C. an increase that would amount to roughly
five miles per gallon and it would represent
D. an increase that would amount to roughly
five miles per gallon and would represent
E. which is an increase amounting to roughly
ADVSC362 five miles per gallon, representing
 current—one goal of semiconductor research is
to develop a silicon chip that can transmit and
receive light signals directly, a development
that mav one dav lead to smaller, faster
semiconductors.
A. to develop a silicon chip that can transmit
and receive light signals directly, a development
that may one day lead
B. to develop a silicon chip with the capability
of transmitting and receiving light signals
directly, which may one day lead
C. the development of a silicon chip that has
the capability of transmitting and receiving light
Just as the
signals free computer
directly, a developmentoperating
maybesystem
one day
Linux
leading has of late become even more crash
resistant,
D. developingso support
a siliconforchip
it within thetransmit
that can computer
industry has been growing.
and receive light signals directly, which may
A.
oneasday
thelead
free computer operating system Linux
has of late
E. developing become even
a silicon more
chip withcrash resistant,
the ability to
so
transmit and receive light signals directly, with
ADVSC363 B.
thisasdevelopment
with the freemaybe
computeroneoperating
day leadingsystem
Linux that has of late become even more crash
resistant, so the
C. as the free computer operating system Linux
has of late become even more crash resistant,
so it has been that
D. like with the free computer operating system
Linux becoming even more crash resistant of
late, so
E. like the free computer operating system
Linux that has of late become even more crash
ADVSC364 resistant, so it is that

Although ice particles in the upper atmosphere

benefit Earth in that they reflect and absorb
solar radiation, acting as a global thermostat
and thus keeping Earth from either burning up
or freezing over, thev also accelerate the
destruction of the ozone layer by reacting with
chlorofluorocarbons
(CFC's).
A. acting as a global thermostat and thus
keeping Earth from either burning up or
freezing over, they also accelerate
B. acting as a global thermostat and thus
keeping Earth either from burning up or
freezing over, while also accelerating
C. act as a global thermostat and thus keep
Earth from either burning up or freezing over,
while also accelerating
D. they act as a global thermostat that thus
keeps Earth either from burning up or freezing
over, even though it also accelerates
E. they act as a global thermostat to thus keep
Earth from either burning up or freezing over,
ADVSC365 but they also accelerate
 Blaming its recent troubles on a widening
recession and slow rate of technology spending,
the computer company announced that it
would cut 10 percent of its workforce—more
than 2.000 jobs—and expected to report a loss
in its third quarter.
A. company announced that it would cut 10
percent of its workforce—more than 2,000 jobs
—and expected to report a
B. company
announced that there would be a cut—10
percent of its workforce, which was more than
2,000 jobs—and expected a reported
Britain's
C. company economic growth
announced thewas slower
cutting in the
of its
mid-1970's and its decline much
workforce by 10 percent, more than 2,000 more rapidjobs,
in
the subsequent recession
and it expected a reported than the United
States.
D. company's announcement included the
A. Britain's
cutting of itseconomic
workforce growth
by 10 was slower
percent, or in the
more
mid-1970's
than 2,000 jobs, and expecting to report a in
and its decline much more rapid
the
Unlikesubsequent
E. company's recession
psychiatrists, who are
announcement than the United
trained
included ascutting
medical
States.
doctors, psychologistsishave
its workforce—which more historically
than 2,000been jobs—
ADVSC366 B.
and The
forbiddeneconomic
fromthere
expecting growth
to beofaBritain
prescribing their was slower
patients
reported drugs,
in
butthein mid-1970's
2002 New Mexico and it declined
began tomuch grantmore
the
rapidly
privilegeinof the subsequent
prescribing to recession than the
licensed, doctoral
United States did.
level psychologists who complete an additional
C. Britain's
training andeconomy, which
certification grew more slowly
program.
in
A. the mid-1970's,
psychologists alsohistorically
have had declined been much more
rapidly
forbidden from prescribing their patients the
in the subsequent recession than drugs,
United States
but in 2002 Newdid.Mexico began to grant the
D. The economy
privilege of Britain grew more slowly in
of prescribing
thepsychologists
B. mid-1970's and havedeclined much
historically more rapidly
been
in the subsequent
forbidden recession
to prescribe drugsthan did the
for their patients,
economy
but in 2002 of New
the United
MexicoStates.
began granting
E. Britain's economy
prescribing privilegesgrew more slowly in the
mid-1970's
C. psychologists its
and decline
have was much
historically beenmore
rapid
The during
Chicago
forbidden the
to and subsequent
Calumet
prescribe recession
Rivers
their than but
originally
patients drugs, the
ADVSC367 economy
flowed
in 2002into of
in New the United
the Mexico, States.
St. Lawrence by way of
the privilege to Lake
Michigan,
prescribe beganbut having
to bebeen
grantedredirected by
constructing
D. historicallycanals so that the
psychologists have water
beennow
empties
forbidden into
fromtheprescribing
Mississippitheir
by way of thedrugs,
patients
Illinois River.New Mexico began to grant the
but in 2002
A. Rivers of
privilege originally flowed into the St. Lawrence
prescribing
by way of Lakepsychologists
E. historically Michigan, but having
have been been
redirected
forbidden from by constructing
prescribing drugs for their
B. Rivers had
patients, but inoriginally
2002 inflowed into thethey
New Mexico, St.
ADVSC368 Lawrence
began grantingby way of Lake Michigan,
prescribing privilegesbut they
have been redirected by constructing
C. Rivers, which originally flowed into the St.
Lawrence by way of Lake Michigan but have
been redirected by the construction of
D. Rivers, originally flowing into the St.
Lawrence by way of Lake Michigan, but having
been redirected by the construction of
E. Rivers, originally flowing into the St.
Lawrence by way of Lake Michigan, have been
ADVSC369 redirected through the construction of
 Pioneered by scientists at Los Alamos National
Laboratory, BEAM robots are not programmed
to walk: instead they use brainlike circuits
called neural networks to learn to walk through
trial and error.
A. BEAM robots are not
programmed to walk; instead they use brainlike
circuits called neural networks to learn to walk
through trial and error
B. BEAM robots learn to walk through trial and
error by using brainlike circuits called neural
networks instead of by programming them
C. BEAM robots are not being programmed to
walk but instead using brainlike circuits called
neural networks and learning to walk through
trial and error
D. brainlike circuits called neural networks are
used instead of programming for BEAM robots
learning to walk through trial and error
E. brainlike circuits called neural networks are
being used for BEAM robots that learn to walk
through trial and error instead of being
ADVSC370 programmed

Even though it was not illegal for the bank to

share its customers' personal and financial
information with an outside marketing
company in return for a commission on sales,
the state's attorney general accused the bank
of engaging in deceptive business practices by
failing to honor its promise to its
customers to keep records private.
A. by failing to honor its promise to its
customers to keep
B. by its failure of honoring its promise to its
customers to keep
C. in its failing to honor its promise to its
customers of keeping
D. because of its failure in honoring its promise
to its customers in keeping
E. because of its failure to honor its promise to
ADVSC371 its customers of keeping
 The hognose snake puts on an impressive bluff,
hissing and rearing back, broadens the flesh
behind its head the way a cobra does, feigning
repeated strikes, but, having no dangerous
fangs and no venom, eventually, if its pursuer is
not cowed by the performance, will fall over
and play dead.
A. broadens the flesh behind its head the way a
cobra does, feigning repeated strikes, but,
having no dangerous fangs and no venom,
B. broadens the flesh behind its head the way a
cobra does and feigns repeated strikes, but
with no dangerous fangs and no venom,
C. broadening the flesh behind its head the way
a cobra does and feigning repeated strikes, but
it has no dangerous fangs and no venom, and
D. broadening the flesh behind its head the way
a cobra does and feigns repeated strikes, but
with no dangerous fangs and no venom, and
E. broadening the
flesh behind its head the way a cobra does,
feigning repeated strikes, but with no
ADVSC372 dangerous fangs and no venom, and

It is unclear whether chimpanzees are unique

among nonhuman species in their ability to
learn behaviors from one another, or if, when
other animals are studied in as much depth,
similar patterns would be found.
A. if, when other animals are studied in as much
depth, similar patterns would be found
B. if other animals were studied with as much
depth they would exhibit similar patterns
C. would similar patterns be found in other
animals if they were studied in as much depth
D. whether similar patterns would be exhibited
in other animals that were studied with as
much depth
The agreement, the first to formally require
E. whether
industrialized other animals
countries towould exhibit similar
cut emissions of
ADVSC373 patterns
gases if they
linked were studied
to global warming, in as
is amuch depth
formal
protocol by which 38 industrialized countries
must reduce emissions of these gases by 2012
or face heavy penalties.
A. by which
B. for which
C. under which
D. such that
ADVSC374 E. wherein
 More than 300 rivers drain into Siberia's Lake
Baikal, which holds 20 percent of the world's
fresh water, more than all the North American
Great Lakes combined. A. More than 300
rivers drain into Siberia's Lake Baikal, which
holds 20 percent of the world's fresh water,
more than all the North American Great Lakes
combined.
B. With 20 percent of the world's fresh water,
that is more than all the North American Great
Lakes combined, Siberia's Lake Baikal has more
than 300 rivers that drain into it.
C. Siberia's
In a blow toLakethoseBaikal, withharbored
who still more than the300
rivers
illusiondraining into exchanges
that E-mail it, it holds more of the a
are private,
world's
watchdog fresh water
group than all
recently that of the
uncovered North
a trick for
Americanan
enabling Great Lakes combined,
interloper 20 percent.
to rig an E-mail message
D. While
so more
that this thanwill
person 300be rivers
privydrain into it,
to any
Siberia's Lake
comments thatBaikal holds 20
a recipient hadpercent
added of asthe
the
world's
messagefresh water, which
is forwarded is more
to others thanback
or sent all the
North
and American Great Lakes combined.
forth.
E. More
A. than
who still all the North
harbored American
the illusion thatGreat
E-mail
Lakes combined,
exchanges Siberia's
are private, Lake Baikal,
a watchdog with
group
more
recentlythan 300 riversa draining
uncovered into it, holds
trick for enabling an 20
ADVSC375 percent of the world's fresh water.
interloper to rig an E-mail message so that this
person will be privy to any comments that a
recipient had added
B. who had still been harboring the illusion that
E-mail exchanges are private, a watchdog group
recently uncovered a trick for enabling an
interloper to rig an E-mail message so that this
person was privy to any comments that a
recipient might have added.
C. who still were harboring the illusion that E-
mail exchanges are private, a warchdog group
recently uncovered a trick enabling an
interloper to rig and E-mail message so that this
person is privy to any comments that a
recipient would add.
D. still harboring the illusion that E-mail
exchange are private , a watchdog group
recently uncovered a trick that enables an
interloper to rig an E-mail message so that this
person will be privy to any comments that a
recipient might add
E. still harboring the illusion that E-mail
exchanges had been private, a wathchdog
group recently uncovered a trick that will
enable an interloper to rig and E-mail message
so that this person was privy to any comments
ADVSC376 that a recipient might add.
 Because Miranda, the smallest moon of Uranus,
has a large number of different surface
features, including craters, mountains, valleys,
and fractures, some astronomers suggest that
at one time repeated impacts broke the surface
apart, and after which the fragments were
subsequently rejoined because of mutual
gravitational attraction.
A.
repeated impacts broke the surface apart, and
after which the fragments were subsequently
rejoined because of
B. repeated impacts on the surface broke it
apart, after which the fragments having
rejoined with
C. through repeated impacts that the surface
broke apart, after which the fragments
subsequently rejoined by.
D. the surface
Unlike emergency broke apart
calls thatwith
travel repeated
through
impacts, after which
regular telephone the where
lines, fragments theyhaving
thus
rejoined through.
automatically inform the operator of the
E. the surface
location and phone brokenumber
apart asof a result of
the caller,
repeated
cellular impacts,
calls require after which the
emergency fragments
operators to
ADVSC377 rejoined
determine through.
the location of the caller.
The KwakiutI
A. lines, whererecognized
they thus one social unitinform
automatically larger
than the tribe—the confederacy,
the operator of the location and phone number which was a
cluster
of of loosely
the caller, knit,calls
cellular informally
requirerelatedemergency
neighboring
operators to tribes
determine who interacted
the location with
of the
themselves
caller more often than between other
tribes.
B. lines and thus automatically inform the
A. tribes who
operator of the interacted
location andwithphone
themselvesnumber more
of
often
the thancellular
caller, between calls require emergency
B. tribes who
operators interactedthe
to determine among eachofother
location the
more
caller often than among
C. tribes
Although who interacted
pulsar,with
the automatically
lines, thus first one another
orinforming
rapidly the more
spinning
often thanof
collapsed
operator with
star,
thetolocation
be sightedand was
phone in the summer
number of
D. 1967
of
thetribes,byinteracting
caller, graduate
the location among
of theeach
student callerother
Jocelyn amore
onBell, it had
cellular
often
not
phone than
been between
hasannounced
to until February,
be determined 1968.
by the operator
E.
A. tribes,
D. Although interacting
lines, andthe thusfirst among
pulsar, or
automatically onerapidly
another
inform more
spinning
the
ADVSC378 often thanof
collapsed
operator with
star,
thetolocation
be sightedand was
phone in the summer
number of
of
the1967 byemergency
caller, graduate studentoperators Jocelyn
haveBell,
to it had
not been announced
determine the location until February,
of the cellular1968.
phone
B. Although not announced until February,
caller
1968, in the summer of 1967E.graduate lines, thus student
Jocelyn Bell observed
automatically informing thethefirst pulsar, or
operator rapidly
of the
spinning collapsed
location and phonestar, numberto beofsighted.
the caller,
C. Althoughoperators
emergency observed receiving
by graduate studentcall
a cellular
ADVSC379 Jocelyn
have to Bell in the summer
determine the locationof 1967,
of the thecaller
discovery of the first sighted pulsar, or rapidly
spinning collapsed star, had not been
announced before February, 1968.
D. The first pulsar, or rapidly spinning collapsed
star, to be sighted was observed in the summer
of 1967 by graduate student Jocelyn Bell, but
the discovery was not announced until
February, 1968.
E. The first sighted pulsar, or rapidly spinning
collapsed star, was not announced until
February, 1968, while it was observed in the
summer of 1967 by graduate student Jocelyn
ADVSC380 Bell.
 As well as heat and light, the Sun is the source
of a continuous stream of atomic particles
known as the solar wind.
A. As well as heat and light, the Sun is the
source of a continuous stream
B. Besides heat and light, also the Sun is the
source of a continuous stream
C. Besides
Like heat counterparts,
their male and light, the women
Sun is also the
scientists
source
are of aaverage
above continuous streaming
in terms D. The
of intelligence and
Sun is the source
creativity, not men
but unlike only of science,
heat andtheir
light, but
also of acounterparts
female continuous stream
have had to work against
E. The
the grain
Sunofisoccupational
the source ofstereotyping
not only heat toand
enter
ADVSC381 alight
"man's
but, world."
as well, of a continuous streaming
A. their female counterparts have had to work
B. their problem is working
C. one thing they have had to do is work
D. the handicap women of science have had is
to work
ADVSC382 E. women of science have had to work

Three out of every four automobile owners in

the United States also own a bicycle.
A. Three out of every four automobile owners
in the United States also own a bicycle.
B. Out of every four, three automobile owners
in the United States also owns a bicycle.
C.
TheBicycles
humanare ownedsystem
nervous by threeandout of every four
a telephone
owners of automobiles
system superficially in the United
resemble States.
each other, not
D. In the United States, three out
only because the former carries information of every four
in
automobile owners owns bicycles.
the form of electrical impulses and because
E.
all Out
of itsofneural
every pathways
four owners of automobiles
converge in
in the brain
the United States, bicycles are
and spinal cord, which together form a also owned by
ADVSC383 three.
kind of central exchange.
Some
A. Theanthropologists
human nervousregard systemthe andearly
a telephone
hominids' manner ofresemble
system superficially walking as being
each lessnot
other,
efficient than in modern
only because the former carries human beings.
A. The
B. as being
humanlessnervous
efficientsystem
than inand a telephone
B. as less
system efficient
bear than it resemblance
a superficial is in
C. as lessthey
because efficient
boththan
carrythat of
D. to behuman
C. The less efficient
nervousthan thatbears
system of a
ADVSC384 E. to have been less efficient
superficial resemblance to a telephone than it is insystem
both because the former carries
D. Superficially, a telephone system resembles
the human nervous system both
because they carry
E. There is a superficial resemblance between a
telephone system and the human
nervous
The system,
direction not only
in which thebecause
Earth andtheytheboth
other
ADVSC385 carry planets--Mercury, Venus, and Mars-- spins
solid
were determined from collisions with giant
celestial bodies in the early history of the Solar
System.
A. spins were determined from
B. spins were determined because of
C. spins was determined through
D. spin was determined by
ADVSC386 E. spin was determined as a result of
 Scientists believe that unlike the males of most
species of moth, the male whistling
moths of Nambung, Australia, call female
moths to them by the use of acoustical signals,
but not olfactory ones, and they attract their
mates during the day, rather than at night.
A. by the use of acoustical signals, but not
olfactory ones, and they attract
There is ause
B. by the widespread belief
of acoustical in theinstead
signals Unitedof
States and Western
using olfactory ones,Europe that young people
and attracting
have
C. by ausing
smaller commitment
acoustical signals,tonotwork and a
using
career
olfactorythan their
ones, andparents and grandparents and
by attracting
that the acoustical
D. using source of the change
signals, lies than
rather in theolfactory
collapse
ones, andofattract
the "work ethic."
A. a smaller
E. using commitment
acoustical signals,to
butwork
not and a career
olfactory
ADVSC387 than
ones,their parents and grandparents
and attracting
B. less of a commitment to work and a career
than their parents and grandparents
C. a smaller commitment to work and a career
than that of their parents and
In 1997, despite an economy that marked its
grandparents
sixth
D. lessfull
ofyear of uninterrupted
a commitment to work expansion
and a career
with
than the
theirlowest jobless
parents rate in a quarter
and grandparents had
century, the number
E. a lessening of United States
of the commitment citizens
to work and a
declaring
career that themselves bankrupt
their parents and has jumped by
ADVSC388 almost 20 percent,
grandparents had at 1.34 million.
A. declaring themselves bankrupt has jumped
by almost 20 percent, at
B. declaring themselves bankrupt jumped by
almost 20 percent, to
C. who declared themselves bankrupt has
jumped by almost 20 percent, to
D. who declared themselves bankrupt jumped
almost by 20 percent, at
E. to declare themselves bankrupt jumped
ADVSC389 almost by 20 percent, at

Gone are the sharp edges and jutting planes of

styles from former eras; instead,
designers of everything from cars to computer
monitors have adopted a cornerless style
of smooth surfaces and curves that is more
ergonomic, conforming to the shape of the
body rather than flaunting shape for its own
sake.
A. more ergonomic, conforming to the shape of
the body rather than flaunting shape
B. more ergonomic, conformed to the body's
shape and not to flaunting shape
C. ergonomic, more conformed to the shape of
the body and not to shape flaunted
D. ergonomic, conforming more to the body's
shape rather than shape flaunted
E. ergonomic, conforming more to the shape of
ADVSC390 the body than flaunting shape
 C. Similar
Unlike thetosteam
the great navigators
locomotive, whorequired
which first an
sailed
hour oraround
two ofthe Earth,
firing where itthey
up before was
gathered
possible toinformation
move under about its size
its own andnearly
power, the
curvature of its surface, astronomers
full power could be summoned almost
have made
instantly fromnew theobservations
cold engine of a diesel
D. Like the
locomotive. great navigators who first sailed
around
A. it wasthe Earth gathering
possible to move underinformation
its own power,
about its size and the curvature
nearly full power could be summoned of its surface,
astronomers
almost instantly have frommadethenew
cold engine of a
observations
diesel locomotive
E.
B. Just
it wasaspossible
with theto great
move navigators
under itswhoownfirst
power,
sailed around the Earth, gathering
the diesel locomotive's engine, when
information about itsnearly
cold, could produce size and
full curvature
power almost of the
surface,
instantly astronomers have made
ADVSC391 new observations
C. it could move under its own power, the
diesel locomotive could summon nearly full
power from a cold engine almost instantly
D. moving under its own power, the cold engine
of the diesel locomotive could
Using
produce technology
nearly fullaspower
new asalmost
space-age fabrics
instantly
and as ordinary
E. moving underas itscommon
own power, dry-cleaning
almost
chemicals, scientists
instantly a diesel and historians,
locomotive in their
could summon
ADVSC392 attempt at cleaning and preserving
nearly full power from a cold engine the
American flag that flew over Fort McHenry in
Baltimore in 1814, are hoping that it will then
last another 200 years.
A. and as ordinary as common dry-cleaning
chemicals, scientists and historians,
in their attempt at cleaning and preserving the
American flag that flew over Fort
McHenry in Baltimore in 1814, are hoping
B. B. and as ordinary as common dry-cleaning
chemicals, scientists and
historians are attempting to clean and preserve
the American flag that flew over
Fort McHenry in Baltimore in 1814, hoping
C. and as ordinary as common dry-cleaning
chemicals, an attempt by scientists and
historians to clean and preserve the American
flag that flew over Fort McHenry in
Baltimore in 1814 is being made in the hope
D. but also as ordinary as common dry-cleaning
chemicals, scientists and historians
who are attempting to clean and preserve the
American flag that flew over
Fort McHenry in Baltimore in 1814, hoping
E. but also as ordinary as common dry-cleaning
chemicals, an attempt by scientists
Like those of the
and historians at African
cleaningwhite and black rhinos,
and preserving the
the
American flag that flew over Fort but the
Sumatran rhino has two horns,
ADVSC393 front
McHenryone inis generally
Baltimoreless thanina hopes
in 1814 foot long and
the second is so small that it often appears
to be missing.
A. Like those of the African white and black
rhinos
B. Similar to that of the African white and black
rhinos
C. Like that of the African white and black
rhinos
D. As with the African white and black rhinos
ADVSC394 E. Like the African white and black rhinos
 Scientific evidence suggests that the benefits
arising from consumption of alcohol are
greatest with alcohol that is taken with meals
on a moderate, regular basis than when it is
consumed on binges.
A. with alcohol that is taken with meals on a
moderate, regular basis than when it is
consumed
B. with taking alcohol with meals on a
moderate, regular basis as opposed to its
consumption
C. when alcohol is taken with meals on a
moderate, regular basis, rather than
consuming
Those it of the extent of global warming
skeptical
D. when
argue thatalcohol is taken
short-term with mealsdata
temperature on a
moderate, regular basis rather than
are an inadequate means of predicting long-
consumed
term trends and point out that the
E. when alcohol,
scientific community taken with meals
remains on aon
divided
ADVSC395 moderate,
whether regular basis,
significant and will
warming not consumed
occur and
what
impact will it have if it does.
A. on whether significant warming will occur
and what impact will it have if it does
B. on whether warming that occurs will be
significant and the impact it would have
C. as to whether significant warming will occur
or the impact it would have if it did
D. over whether there will be significant
warming or the impact it will have
E. over whether significant warming will occur
ADVSC396 and what impact it would have
 Since 1990 the global economy has grown more
than it did during the 10,000 years from
the beginning of agriculture to 1950.
A. Since 1990 the global economy has grown
more than it did during the 10,000 years
from the beginning of agriculture
B. Since 1990 the growth of the global economy
has been more than that during
10,000 years, from when agriculture began
C. The growth of the global economy since
1990 exceeds that which had been for
10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture
D. The growth of the global economy since
1990
Studiesexceeds what
that have it has been
compared thefor 10,000 types
different
years, from when agriculture
of insects in coffee plantations andbegan
E. The growth
tropical forestsofhave
the global economy
reported since 1990
either finding a
exceeds
similar orwhat it did variety
a greater for the in
10,000
plantations.
ADVSC397 years
A. andfrom the forests
tropical beginning of reported
have agricultureeither
finding a similar or a
B. with those of tropical forests have either
reported finding a similar or
C. with those in tropical forests have reported
finding either a similar or a
D. to tropical forests have either reported
finding a similar or
E. to those of tropical forests have reported
ADVSC398 either finding a similar or
Greatly influenced by the Protestant missionary
Samuel Kirkland, the Oneida was the only
one of the five-nation Iroquois League who
sided with the colonists during the American
Revolution.
A. was the only one of the five-nation Iroquois
League who sided
B. was alone of the five-nation Iroquois League
when they sided
C. alone among the five nations of the Iroquois
League sided
D. were the only ones out of the five nations of
the Iroquois League in siding
E. only of the five-nation Iroquois League had
ADVSC399 sided
 the soil, but do not grow to be very tall.
A. native North American grasses develop an
extensive root system, allowing for
greater enrichment of the soil, but do not grow
to be very
B. native North American grasses develop an
extensive root system, which allows for
their greater enrichment of the soil, but
without growing to be that
C. the root system of native North American
grasses is extensive, allowing for
greater enrichment of the soil, but they do not
grow to be very
D. the root system of native North American
grasses is more extensive, allowing for
the greater enrichment of the soil, but these
grasses do not grow to be very
A
E. survey of 765 working
the extensiveness of thewomen over eighteen
root system of
years
nativeofNorth
age found
Americanthatgrasses
60 percentallowsof them
for
worked 40 orenrichment
their greater more hoursof a week andbut
the soil, forthey do
ADVSC400 married women
not grow to be that with children under eighteen it
was more likely that they would work different
shiftsmajority
The from their husbands.believe that to reduce
of scientists
A.
andforstabilize
marriedatmospheric
women withconcentrations
children under
eighteen it was more likely
of carbon dioxide, emissions must that theybewould
cut at the
work different
source by fossilshifts
fuelsfrom theirburned
that are husbandsmore
B. for married
efficiently and,women
in somewhosecases,children were
by alternatives
underaseighteen,
such hydrogenthey fuelwere
cells more
that canlikely
replace
than
fossilother married women to work shifts
fuels altogether.
different from
A. fossil fuels that theirare
husbands'
burned more efficiently
C.
and,when married women onhad
In addition to her workalternatives
in some cases, by thechildren
Mioceneunder
eighteen
such as it was
hydrogen more
fuel likely
cells
hominid fossil record, Mary Leakey for
that them to
cancontributed
replace
be working
fossil
to different shifts from those of their
fuels altogether
husbands'
B. fossil fuelswith
archaeology that her
are discovery
burned more efficiently
of the earliest
D.
and,that
direct married
inevidence
some women
cases, those
of hominid with
that children
are and
activity under
eighteen
replaced
painstakinglyweredocumenting
morewith
altogether likelyalternatives
than
East other
Africansuch as
cave
married women
hydrogen
paintings. fuel cellsto work shifts different from
their
A. husbands'
C. burning
Leakey fossil fuels more
contributed efficiently with
to archaeology and, her
in
E. that when
some cases,
discovery of bymarried
the replacingwomen
earliest fossilhad
direct fuelschildren
under
evidence eighteen
altogether ofwith they were
alternatives
hominid activity more
andlikely
such to be
as hydrogen
painstakingly
ADVSC401 working
fuel cells
documenting shifts that differed from their husbands
D. Leakey
B. more efficiency
contributed in theto burning
archaeologyof fossil fuels
by her
and, in some
discovery cases,
of the by alternatives
earliest direct
such as hydrogen
evidence of hominid fuelactivity
cells that
andcanby replace
fossil fuels altogether
painstakingly documenting
E. the
C. more
Leakey wasefficient burningtoofarchaeology
a contributor fossil fuels and,
with
in some
her cases,ofbythe
discovery fossil fuelsdirect
earliest that are
replaced altogether
evidence of hominidwith alternatives
activity and with such
her as
ADVSC402 hydrogen
painstaking fuel cells
documentation of
D. Leakey's contributions to archaeology
include her discovery of the earliest direct
evidence of hominid activity and her
painstaking documentation of
E. Leakey's contributions to archaeology include
her discovering the earliest direct
evidence of hominid activity and painstaking
ADVSC403 documentation of
 A. buildother
Unlike than Mayanconventional structures, and
cities, Canc??n's
already designed
commercial power throughout a number of structures,
the lowlands
including
Results
seems to froma bridge,
the 1998for showing
National Demographic
B.
and
be build
Health
from than
using conventional
Survey confirmposition
its strategic structures,
that, even andfoot
when
at the they
have
compared
of already
the highlands, designed
with denselywhich werea number
populated of
a source countries
of
structures,
like
jade,Thailand
obsidian, which
andand includes
Indonesia,
other valuablea bridge, to show
the Philippine
commodities.
C.
A. build
nation's
Canc??n's than
fertilityconventional
rates consistently
commercial structures,
power exceedhaveallthe
throughout of
already
its Southeast
lowlands designed
seems Asiantoa benumber
neighbors.
from using of structures,
its
including
A. like Thailand
strategic a bridge,
position and attoIndonesia,
show
the foot ofthe thePhilippine
highlands,
D. also
nation's
which to
were build
fertility than
ratesof
a source conventional
consistently
jade, structures,
already
exceed
obsidian, designed
all of other
and a number
valuableofcommodities
structures,
B. like Thailand including
Canc??n's commercial and a bridge,
Indonesia,power which
the shows the
Philippine
throughout
E. to build
nation
lowlands than with
consistently
seems conventional
exhibits
to have come fromstructures,
fertility
have
rates already
using exceeding
its strategic designed
allposition a numberat the footof of the
ADVSC404 structures,
C. such as including
Thailand and
highlands, a source of jade, obsidian, a bridge,
Indonesia, which theshows
fertility
rates exhibited by
and other valuable commodities the Philippine nation
arethe
C. consistently
commercial exceeding
power ofthose Canc??n of all
D. such as Thailand
throughout the lowlands and Indonesia,
seemed tothe have come
Philippine
from usingnation's
its strategic fertility rates at
position consistently
the foot of
exceed
the highlands,all those of
a source of jade,
E.
obsidian, and otherand
such as Thailand Indonesia,
valuable the
commodities
Philippine
D. Canc??n nation
seemed consistently
Several educational research groups to be using exhibits
its fertility
strategic
are
ADVSC405 rates
position that at exceed
the foot those
of the
denouncing the mayor's proposal of a system of all
highlands,
which was a source of jade, obsidian, and other
by
valuable
which commodities,
individual teachers in becoming
would be given raises
aorcommercial
bonuses should power throughout
it be that test the lowlands
E. Canc??n
scores showseems to have used
their students' masteryits strategic
of reading
position
skills havingat the foot of the
improved over highlands,
a nine-month a
Unlike battery-powered electric cars,
source
period. of
Thirteen states jade, obsidian,
from and
all regions otherof thevaluable
country
automakers say that cars
awith
fuel cells, which
commodities,
A. should
announced it be to
awiththat
plan become
totest scores
impose commercial
newshow theirdriving
supply them electricity, can provide
ADVSC406 power
students'
controls
range and throughout
onmastery
pollution
performance the
of lowlands
reading
from skills
truck
similar toandhaving
the bus
B. should
engines
internal in it be
that
combustion that
they test
will scores
engine.jointly show
adopt their
emission
Both the caribou and the reindeer belong to the
students'
limits mastery of reading skills have
species Rangifer tarandus, but after 7,000federal
A. Unlike that would be
battery-powered far stricter
electricthan the
cars,
C. should testsay
rules.
automakers scores
that cars showing with their students'
fuelreindeer
cells,
years of domestication inhasEurasia, have
mastery
A. to impose
which supply of reading
new skills
controls
them withtoelectricity, on pollution can from
provide
developed a tendency circle in tight
D. if test
truck
driving
groups, and scores
rangebus and
while showing
engines
caribou in their
performance
tend that students'
to they
spread willfarmastery
and
of reading
jointly
similar
wide. adopt
to skills having
E.
A. ifUnlike
B. to test
belongimposescores new show
battery-powered
to the thatRangifer
controls
species their
on students'
truck
electric and bus but
cars,
tarandus,
ADVSC407 mastery
engines' of reading
pollution byskills
the has
joint adoption
automakers
after 7,000 years say that cars with electricity
of domestication in of
C. to impose
supplied
Eurasia, by fuel
reindeer newcells controls
have can on pollution
exhibit
developed driving from
a tendency rangeto
truck
and and
performancebus enginessimilar
circle in tight groups, while caribou by jointly
to those adopting
D. for imposing
provided
tend by new controls on pollution from
truck
C.
B. Unlike
belong andbattery-powered
busthe
to engines, and electric
same species, jointly cars, fuel
Rangifer
adopting
cells that supply
tarandus, but about cars7,000with electricity
years of can
E. for imposing
provide
domestication drivinginnew range controls
Eurasia andhave ondeveloped
performancetruck and bus
that
engine
automakers pollution say isin the
similar
reindeer's tendency to circle in tight joint to adoption
ADVSC408 of
D. Automakers
groups, which issay that unlike
different frombattery-powered
caribou that
electric cars, fuel cells that supply cars
tend
with
C. belongelectricity
to thecan provide
species driving
Rangifer range and
tarandus, but
performance
being domesticated similar in toEurasia for
E. Automakers
about 7,000 years say has thatdeveloped
unlike battery-powered
reindeer's
electric cars,
tendency cars with
to circle in tightelectricity
groups, and
supplied
that by fuel from
is different cells can caribouexhibit driving range
tending
andare
D. performance
the same species, similar Rangifer
to those tarandus, but
ADVSC409 provided
about 7,000 by years of domestication in
Eurasia have developed reindeer's tendency to
circle in tight groups, while the
tendency is for caribou
E. are the same species, Rangifer tarandus, but
being domesticated in Eurasia for
about 7,000 years has developed the reindeer's
tendency to circle in tight groups,
ADVSC410 which differs from caribou tending
 The number of plant and animal species that
humans are known to have forced to
extinction in the last half millennium is over
800.
A. humans are known to have forced to
extinction
B. humans
Critics of the areresearch
known as studyhaving forced
claimed to
that
become extinct C. humans
monkeys are different enough from human are known for
forcing that
beings to become
comparing extinct the two species can be
C.
Strawberries, unlike pickingforced
as are known
questionable--or that humans
as useless--as
bananas to become
that are
extinct
comparisons
green and canbetween
be ripened humans and mice.
artificially, must be
D. are known
A. different
picked whenenough as having
they are from been
fully humanforced
ripe, to
beings
and theythat
ADVSC411 extinction
comparing by
the humans
two species can
remain at peak flavor for only four or five days
B. different
after that. enough from human beings so that
comparing
A. Strawberries, the two species
unlike pickingcanbananas that are
C. different
green and can enough from human
be ripened beings for
artificially,
comparing
must be pickedthe two species to
D. so different
B. Picking from human
strawberries, beings
unlike withthat
green
comparisons between the
bananas that can be ripened artificially, two species can
E. so different
must be done from human beings for
ADVSC412 comparisons
C. Unlike bananas, between which thecantwobespecies
pickedto green
and ripened artificially, strawberries
must be picked
D. Unlike with green bananas, which can be
picked and ripened artificially, strawberry
picking must be done
E. Unlike picking bananas, strawberries cannot
be pickedingreen
Officials Atlanta'sandpublic
ripened schools, as do many
ADVSC413 artificially,
districts across but must be picked
the United States, have
eliminated recess in the elementary grades,
Born into poverty and sent by her father into
calling it a waste of time that would be better
servitude at the age of seven, Martha Matilda
spent
There on
are academics.
hopeful signs that weretail
are shifting
Harper created America's first franchise
A. as do
away
network, a our
from heavy
radical newreliance
business onmodel
fossil fuels:
that
B. as with
more
enabled than ten times
women in the aslate
much energy is and
nineteenth
C. similar
generated
early tothrough
twentieth wind power
centuries to ownnow theirthan
ownit was
D.
in like those in
businesses and gain financial independence.
ADVSC414 E. as they have in
1990.
A. Martha Matilda Harper created America's
A. generated
first through
retail franchise wind power
network, a now than it
was
The arrest of a programmer
radical new business model that enabled accused of violating
B.
women in the late nineteenth and earlyas it was
an generated
American through
digital wind
copyright power
law now
has
C. generated
stirred
twentieth through
significant
centuries towind
own power
opposition, againstnow as was
both the
the
B. case
lawMartha
itself and against
Matilda the software
Harper created America's
D. now
company
first generated
retail that had through
franchise initiated
network, wind
the power as it was
a case.
E.
A. now
against generated
both thethrough
law wind
itself
radical new business model that enabled and power
against than
the
ADVSC415 was the
software case
company
ownership by women in the latethat had
B. against both
nineteenth and theearlylaw itself andcenturies
twentieth also the of
software
C. Marthacompany having creation of
Matilda Harper's
C. against both
America's the law
first retail itself and
franchise the software
network was a
company that
radical new business model that enabled
D. both against
women in the late thenineteenth
law itself and andthe software
company
early that had
twentieth centuries to own
E. both
D. against
America's theretail
first law franchise
itself and network
also against was
ADVSC416 the software
created company
by Martha Matildahaving Harper, a
radical new business model that enabled
women in the late nineteenth and early
twentieth centuries to own
E. America's first retail franchise network was
created by Martha Matilda Harper, a
radical new business model that enabled
ownership by women in the late
ADVSC417 nineteenth and early twentieth centuries of
 B. if one separated the components of a task
into individual motions, found the best
way to perform the motions, and then
redesigning
C. if the components of a task were separated
into individual motions, finding the
best way of performing the motions, and then
redesigned
D. by separating the components of a task into
individual motions, finding the best
way to perform each motion, and then
redesigning
E. by separating the components of a task into
individual motions, finding the best
ADVSC418 way of performing each motion, then redesign

2001 proved to be the automaker's first losing

year since 1992, when the company had
lost $7.4 billion, which was primarily because of
almost $7 billion in accounting charges.
A. when the company had lost $7.4 billion,
which was primarily because of
B. when the company had lost $7.4 billion,
primarily resulting from
C. when the company lost $7.4 billion, primarily
because of
D. which is when the company lost $7.4 billion,
and ivory-billed
The that was primarily because
woodpecker, of the largest
once
E. which is when
woodpecker the company
in North America at lost $7.4 billion,
a striking
ADVSC419 primarily resulting from
20 inches tall, has moved in and out of the
extinct category, with scientists consistently
unable to find solid proof for the bird to still
exist.
A. for the bird to still exist
Scientists haveas
B. for the bird found new evidence of people
still existing
initially registering emotions like sadness
C. for the bird's continued existence
or anger in much the same
D. that the bird still exists way as heartburn--
ADVSC420 by monitoring what's going on within
E. of the bird and its continued existence their
bodies.
A. of people initially registering emotions like
sadness or anger in much the same way
as
B. of people initially registering emotions such
as sadness or anger much the
same as experiencing
C. that people initially register emotions such as
sadness or anger in much the same
way as they experience
D. that a person initially registers emotions such
as sadness or anger much the same
way as experiencing
E. that a person initially registers emotions like
ADVSC421 sadness or anger much the same as
 precipitation in tropical South America over the
past
25,000 years.
A. the types of fossilized algae present in core
samples taken from the bottom of Lake
Titicaca in the Andes, a group of scientists was
able
B. the types of fossilized algae that are present
in core samples taken from the
bottom of Lake Titicaca in the Andes, it was
possible for a group of scientists
C. the types of fossilized algae that had been
present in core samples taken from the
bottom of Lake Titicaca in the Andes, that made
Changes
it possibleinfor
theacomposition of the light of a
group of scientists
supernova--an
D. what types of exploding
fossilizedstar--reveals
algae had beennot
only the in
present chemical elements
core samples takenin the
fromexplosion
the but
also the speed of expanding the outer
bottom of Lake Titicaca in the Andes, it was
layers
possibleof for
stellar gas. of scientists
a group
A. reveals
E. what thenot onlyofthe
types chemical
fossilized elements
algae in the
were that
explosion
were present but in
also thesamples
core speed oftaken
expanding the outer
from the bottom layers
of Lake of stellar
Titicaca gasAndes, a
in the
ADVSC422 B. reveals not only what
group of scientists was able chemical elements are
in the explosion but also the speed at
which the outer layers of stellar gas are
expanding
C. not only reveal the chemical elements in the
explosion but also the speed of the
expanding outer layers of stellar gas
D. not only reveal what chemical elements are
in the explosion but also the speed of
the outer layers of stellar gas when they are
expanding
E. reveal not only the chemical elements in the
explosion but also the speed at which
ADVSC423 the outer layers of stellar gas are expanding

The features of the floor of the Kasei Valles on

Mars look just like those at the base of
Antarctic ice streams, so it suggests that
possibly it was flowing ice that carved the giant
Martian channels previously attributed to
cataclysmic floods.
A. so it suggests that possibly it was flowing ice
that
B. a suggestion that flowing ice may have
C. to suggest flowing ice as possibly having
D. suggesting that flowing ice may have
E. which is suggestive of flowing ice having
ADVSC424 possibly
 Turtles, as with other reptiles, can endure long
fasts because they can survive on weekly or
even monthly feedings; however, when food is
readily available, they may eat frequently and
grow very fat.
A. as with other reptiles
B. as other reptiles are able to
C. as other reptiles do
D. like other reptiles
E. like other reptiles are able to do

ADVSC425
A study published in the British Medical Journal
showed that women who ate nuts more than
five times a week were about one third less
likely to suffer from coronary heart disease as
those who ate no nuts at all.
A. as those who ate
ADVSC426 B. as women who ate
C.aasdrug
If those
thateating
is already on the market has the
D. than women
potential to helpeating
adults and children who have
E.
thethan
same were thoseorwho
disease, if itate
is widely used in
children and the absence of labeling seems
dangerous, the FDA can require that the drug
undergo pediatric study.
ADVSC427 A. that the drug undergo
B. that the drug undergoes
Whereas
C. that thehighdrugspeeds generally cannot be
is to undergo
achieved by ramjets
D. the drug undergoing without their initially being
assisted
E. the drug to have to undergo or supersonic
by a rocket, a scramjet,
combustion ramjet, can attain high speeds by
reducing airflow compression at the entrance
of the engine and letting air pass through at
supersonic speeds.
A. Whereas high speeds generally cannot be
achieved by ramjets without their initially being
assisted by
ADVSC428 B. Whereas a ramjet generally cannot achieve
high speeds without
A middleweight blackthe initial
hole assistance
weighs of
in at roughly
C.
500 solar masses, hundreds of times more not
With ramjets, high speeds generally are
able
massiveto be achieved
than without initially
the lightweight being
black holes
assisted by
produced by the collapse of individual stars, but
D. Unlike with
thousands ramjets,
or even generally
millions unable
of times to its
less in
achieve high speeds without the initial
mass as the heavyweight giants that lurk in the
assistance of
centers of galaxies.
E.
A. thousandsa or
Although ramjet
evengenerally
millions of does notless
times havein its
the capability
mass as of achieving high speeds without
the
B. itinitial assistance
is thousands frommillions of times less
or even
ADVSC429
massive as
C. thousands or even millions of times less
massive than
D. yet it is thousands or even millions times less
massive than
E. yet it is thousands or even millions of times
less in its mass than
 By offering lower prices and a menu of personal
communications options, such as caller
identification and voice mail, the new
telecommunications company has not only
captured customers from other phone
companies but also forced them to offer
ADVSC430 competitive prices.
A. has not
Lenders andonly captured
building customers
managers in the from other
phone companies
southwestern but of
section alsotheforced them that
city report
B. has notofonly
because the captured
rental marketcustomers
in the from other
area being
phone
renewed, companies,
as well asbut
theitwillingness
also forcedofthem the banks
C. has
to lendnot only being
money captured customers
increased, from other
apartment
phone companies
buildings are beingbut also forcedatthese
rehabilitated a pace
companies
unseen for a decade.
D. notthe
A. of only has captured
rental market incustomers
the area being from other
phone companies
renewed, as well asbut
thealso these companies
willingness of the banks
have
to lendbeen forced
money being increased
E. not
B. only
of the captured
renewed customers
rental marketfrom in the other
area, as
phone
well as companies,
the willingnessbut of
it also
bankshastoforced them
lend money
ADVSC431 increasing
The
C. ofgyrfalcon,
the renewed an Arctic
rentalbird of prey,
market in the has
area and
survived a close
the increased brush with
willingness ofextinction;
banks to lend its
numbers
money are now five times greater than when
the userental
D. the of DDT was sharply
market restricted
in the area renewed in the
and
early 1970's. of banks to lend money
the willingness
A. extinction;
increased, its numbers are now five times
therefore
greater than market in the area was being
E. the rental
B. extinction;
renewed and its numbers
banks are now fivewilling
were increasingly times to
more than
lend money, so
C. extinction, their numbers now fivefold what
ADVSC432 they were
D. extinction,
Australian now with fivefold
embryologists the numbers
have found evidence
they had
that suggests that the elephant is descended
E. extinction,
from an aquaticnow with numbers
animal, five times
and its trunk originally
greater than
evolved as a kind of snorkel.
A. that suggests that the elephant is descended
from an aquatic animal, and its trunk originally
evolved
B. that has suggested the elephant descended
from an aquatic animal, its trunk originally
evolving
C. suggesting that the elephant had descended
from an aquatic animal with its trunk originally
evolving
ADVSC433 D. to suggest that the elephant has descended
Unlike
from anSchoenberg's
aquatic animal twelve-tone
and its trunk system that
originally
dominated the music of the postwar
E.to suggest that the elephant is descended period,
Bartók
from anfounded
aquatic no school
animal andandthatleft
itsbehind
trunk only a
handful of disciples.
originally evolved
A. Schoenberg's twelve-tone system that
ADVSC434 dominated
B. Schoenberg and his twelve-tone system
which dominated
C. Schoenberg, whose twelve-tone system
dominated
D. the twelve-tone system of Schoenberg that
has dominated
E. Schoenberg and the twelve-tone system,
dominating
 Sales of wines declined in the late 1980s, but
they began to grow again after the 1991 report
that linked moderate consumption of alcohol,
and particularly of red wine, with a reduced risk
of heart disease
A. they began to grow again after the 1991
report that linked moderate consumption of
alcohol, and particularly of red wine, with a
reduced risk of heart disease
B. after the 1991 report that linked a reduced
risk of heart disease with a moderate alcohol
consumption, particularly red wine, they began
ADVSC435 growing again
In a previous
C. in design,moderate
a 1991 report, the weight of the discus
alcohol
used in track competition
consumption, and particularly is concentrated
of red wine, in a
metal center,
which was linkedbutwithnow it is lined
a reduced riskwith lead
of heart
disease, the
around causedperimeter,
them to beginthereby improving
to grow again
D. with a in
stability reduced risk of
flight and heart disease
resulting linked in
in longer
a 1991 report with moderate alcohol
throws.
consumption,
A. In a previous in particular
design, the redweight
wine, they began
of the
ADVSC436 growing again
discus used in track competition is
E. a reduced risk
concentrated inofaconsumption
heart
metaldisease
center, linkednowto it
Because
moderatethere
alcoholare provisions theabut
of in new
1991
is
maritime
report, andcode that provide
in particular that even
red wine, startedtiny
them
B. According
islets
growingcan to a previous design,
be the basis for claims to the
again the
weight
fisheriesofand
theoil
discus
fieldsused in track
of large sea areas,
competition
they was concentrated
have already in a metal
stimulated international
center, but now it is
disputes over uninhabited islands.
C.
A. Once designed
Because there arewithprovisions
its weightof the new
concentrated in a metal
maritime code that provide center,
thatthe discus
even tiny
used in track competition is now
islets can be the basis for claims to the
D. The discus
fisheries used
and oil in track
fields competition,
of large sea areas,
once
they have already stimulated concentrated
designed with its weight
in
B. aBecause
metal center,
the new but now code provides
maritime
ADVSC437 E.
that even tiny islets can becompetition
The discus used in track the basis forwas
once designed having its weight
claims to the fisheries and oil fields of large
concentrated in aalready
sea areas, it has metal stimulated
center and now
C. Even tiny islets can be the basis for
claims to the fisheries and oil fields of large
sea areas under provisions of the new
maritime code, already stimulating.
D.Because even tiny islets can be the basis
for claims to the fisheries and oil fields of
large sea areas under provisions of the new
maritime code, this has already stimulated
E. Because even tiny islets can be the basis
for claims to the fisheries and oil fields of
large sea areas under provisions of the new
maritime code, which is already stimulating
 The period when the great painted caves at
Lascaux and Altamira were occupied by Upper
Paleolithic peoples has been established by
carbon dating, but what is much more difficult
to determine are the use to which primitive
peoples put the caves, the reason for their
decoration, and the meaning of the
magnificently depicted animals.
A. has been established by carbon dating, but
what is much more difficult to determine are
B. have been established by carbon dating, but
what is much more difficult to determine are
C. have been established by carbon dating, but
that which is much more difficult to
determine is.
D. has been established by carbon dating,
but what is much more difficult to
determine is
E. are established by carbon dating, but that
which is much more difficult to determine is

ADVSC438
Mauritius was a British colony for almost 200
years, excepting for the domains of
administration and teaching, the English
language was never really spoken on the island.
A. excepting for
B. except in
C. but except in
D. but excepting for
E. with the exception of

ADVSC439
Rock samples taken from the remains of an
asteroid about twice the size of the 6-mile-wide
asteroid that eradicated the dinosaurs has been
dated to be 3.47 billion years old and thus is
evidence of the earliest known asteroid impact
on Earth.
A. has been dated to be 3.47 billion years old
and thus is
ADVSC440 B. has been dated at 3.47 billion years old
and thus
C. have been dated to be 3.47 billion years
old and thus are
D. have been dated as being 3.47 billion
years old and thus
E. have been dated at 3.47 billion years old
and thus are
 The company announced that its profits
declined much less in the second quarter than
analysts had expected it to and its business will
improve in the second half of the year.
A. had expected it to and its business will
improve
B. had expected and that its business would
improve
C. expected it would and that it will improve its
business
D. expected them to and its business would
improve
E. expected and that it will have improved its
business

ADVSC441
Like Rousseau, Tolstoi rebelled against the
unnatural complexity of human relations in
modern society.
A. Like Rousseau, Tolstoi rebelled
B. Like Rousseau, Tolstoi's rebellion was
C. As Rousseau, Tolstoi rebelled
D. As did Rousseau, Tolstoi's rebellion was
E. Tolstoi's rebellion, as Rousseau's, was

ADVSC442
Both weakened by concern about the
government's agreement with the International
Monetary Fund and by growing fears of a rise in
inflation, the country's currency continued its
slide to a record low against the dollar, which
forced the central bank to intervene for the
fourth time in a week.
ADVSC443 A. Both weakened by concern about the
Beneath
government'sthe soil of the Malheur
agreement with the National Forest
International
in eastern Oregon, a fungus has for
Monetary Fund and by growing fears of a rise incenturies
been slowly
inflation, theweaving
country's itscurrency
way through the roots
continued its
of trees,
slide to ato become
record lowthe largest
against theliving single
dollar, which
organism
forced known to humans.
A. has for
B. Both centuries
concern been
about theslowly weaving its
government's
way through the roots of trees,
agreement with the International Monetary to become
B. has slowly woven its way through
Fund and the growing fears of a rise in theinflation
roots
of trees forthe
weakened centuries,
country's and so becoming
currency, continuing its
C. that
slide tohas been low
a record slowly weaving
against the its waywhich
dollar, through
the roots
forced of trees for centuries has become
D. that has
C. Both for centuries
because slowly woven
it was weakened its way
by concern
ADVSC444 through
about thethe roots of trees
government's and has become
agreement with the
E. that, havingMonetary
International slowly woven Funditsandwayby through
growing
the roots of trees for centuries, to
fears of a raise in inflation, the country's become
currency continued its slide to a record low
against the dollar, forcing
D. The country's currency, weakened both by
concern about the government's agreement
with the International Monetary Fund and by
growing fears of a rise in inflation, continued its
slide to a record low against the dollar, forcing
 In 1945, after a career as First Lady in which she
shattered expectations more audaciously than
either Abigail Adams or Dolly Madison ever had
been, Eleanor Roosevelt was appointed a
delegate to the United Nations General
Assembly by President Harry S Truman.
A. more audaciously than either Abigail Adams
or Dolly Madison ever had been, Eleanor
Roosevelt was appointed a delegate to the
United Nations General Assembly by President
ADVSC445 Harry S Truman
B. more audaciously
Methane, which has than eithercounted
long been Abigail Adams
among
or Dolly Madison, President
the greenhouse gases that are implicated Harry S Truman in
had
globalEleanor
warming, Roosevelt
comesappointed
both fromto be a
natural
delegate
sources such to theas United
bogs and Nations
from aGeneral
host of human
Assembly
sources, including coal mines, leaking pipelines,
C. with anand
landfills, audacity never matched in the case
rice paddies.
of Abigail Adams
A. that are implicated or Dolly Madison,
in global President
warming, comes
Harry S
both from Truman had Eleanor Roosevelt
appointed
B. that are as a delegate
implicated to the United
in global warming, Nations
General Assembly
coming from both
D. with an
C. being audacity in
implicated never
globalmatched
warming, by Abigail
comes
ADVSC446 Adams or Dolly Madison, Eleanor Roosevelt was
from both
appointed
Research a
has delegate
shown to
that the
when United
D. implicated in global warming and coming Nations
speaking,
General
individuals
both from Assembly
who have by President
been blindHarry from Sbirth
Trumanand
E. with
have an
thus audacity
never seennever
anyonematched
gesture
E. implicated in global warming, that come both either in the
case of Abigail
nonetheless
from makeAdamshand or of Dolly
motions Madison's,
just as
Eleanor Roosevelt
frequently and in the wassameappointed
way astosighted
be a
delegate
people do,toand
the that
UnitedtheyNations General
will gesture even
Assembly
when by President
conversing Harry S Truman
with another blind person.
A. have thus never seen anyone gesture
nonetheless make hand motions just as
frequently and in the same way as sighted
people do, and that
B. have thus never seen anyone gesture but
nonetheless make hand motions just as
ADVSC447 frequently and in the same way that sighted
people do, and
To help thus
C. have counteract
never seenthe adverse
anyoneeffects
gesture, ofthat
trout
stocking on the amphibian populations
they nonetheless make hand motions just as in
certain
frequentlymountain
and in thelakes, biologists
same way asare sighted
recommending
people do, and cutting back on trout stocking
on the part
D. thus theyofhave some states
never seenandanyone
even their being
gesture,
removed from some popular fishing
but nonetheless they make hand motions just lakes.
A.
as cutting
frequentlybackand on in
trout
the stocking
same way onthat
the sighted
part of
ADVSC448 some states and even their being removed
people do, and that
B. cutting
E. thus theyback
have onnever
trout stocking
seen anyone on the part of
gesture
some
nonetheless make hand motions just as them
states and even that they remove
C. that trout
frequently andstocking be cutway
in the same backthatin some
sightedstates
and they even
people do, and remove the trout
D. that some states cut back on trout stocking
and even their being removed
E. that some states cut back on trout stocking
and even remove the trout
 According to a new report by the surgeon
general, women with less than a high school
education had three times the likelihood that
they would begin smoking as women who went
to college.
A. had three times the likelihood that they
would begin smoking
B. had three times the likelihood of beginning
smoking
C. were three times more likely to begin to
smoke
D. were three times more likely that they would
ADVSC449 begin to smoke
E.
Thewere three times
discovery as being
of glass likely expandable
to begin smoking
and
able to be shaped by human breath
revolutionized glassworking to such an extent
that today "glassblowing" has become the
generic term for all glassworking, whether the
glass is blown or formed by other techniques.
A. of glass being expandable and able to be
B. of glass that is capable of expansion and
C. of glass being capable of expansion and that
it can be
ADVSC450 D. that glass can be expanded and it is able to
be
The federal immigration station on Ellis Island,
E. thatwas
which glassfirst
canopened
be expanded and
in 1892, then rebuilt in
1900, processing nearly three quarters of all
immigrants entering the United States in the
first quarter of the twentieth century.
A. The federal immigration station on Ellis
Island, which was first opened in 1892, then
rebuilt in 1900, processing nearly three
quarters of all immigrants entering the United
States in the first quarter of the twentieth
century.
B. Having processed nearly three quarters of all
immigrants who enter the United States in the
first quarter of the twentieth century, the
federal immigration station on Ellis Island first
opened in 1892 and then was rebuilt in 1900.
C. Processing nearly three quarters of all
immigrants to enter the United States in the
first quarter of the twentieth century, the
federal immigration station on Ellis Island first
opened in 1892, being rebuilt in 1900.
D. First opened in 1892, then rebuilt in 1900,
ADVSC451 the federal immigration station on Ellis Island
processed nearly three quarters of all
immigrants entering the United States in the
first quarter of the twentieth century.
E. Of all immigrants to enter the United States
in the first quarter of the twentieth century, the
federal immigration station on Ellis Island
processed nearly three quarters of them,
having first opened in 1892 and rebuilt in 1900.
 Many population studies have linked a high-salt
diet to high rates of hypertension and shown
that in societies where they consume little salt,
their blood pressure typically does not rise with
age.
A. shown that in societies where they consume
little salt, their
B. shown that in societies that have consumed
little salt, their
C. shown that in societies where little salt is
consumed,
D. they showed that in societies where little salt
is consumed,
E. they showed that in societies where they
consume little salt, their

ADVSC452
Surveys have shown that in up to 40 percent of
elderly people living independently in affluent
countries, the consumption of one or more
essential nutrients is insufficient or they have
deficient levels of these nutrients in their blood.
A. in up to 40 percent of elderly people living
independently in affluent countries, the
consumption of one or more essential nutrients
is insufficient or they have
B. in up to 40 percent of elderly people who live
ADVSC453 independently in affluent countries, they
The computer
consume one or company registered
more essential a $16 million
nutrients
net loss for the
insufficiently or year,
have largely because it was
profitable
C. in up to only overseas,
40 percent where people
of elderly much ofwhotheirlive
profits were used
independently for paying
in affluent higher taxes,
countries, one orwhile
continuing
more essentialto lose moneyare
nutrients in North America.
consumed
A. where much
insufficiently or of their profits were used for
having
paying
D. up tohigher taxes,of
40 percent while continuing
elderly people living
B. where muchin
independently ofaffluent
their profits wentwho
countries to pay
higher
consume taxes, as they continued
insufficient amounts of one or more
C. where nutrients
essential much of its orprofit went to pay higher
who have
taxes,
E. up towhile it continued
40 percent of elderly people who live
ADVSC454 D. with much ofintheir
independently profits
affluent going to
countries pay
consume
higher taxes,
insufficient
According awhile
studycontinuing
toamounts of one or more
published in Theessential
New
E. with much
nutrients
England of the
or have
Journal profit used
of Medicine, for paying
aspirin prevents
higherclots
blood taxes, as as
just it continued
well as a commonly used and
more expensive blood-thinning drug does.
A. prevents blood clots just as well as a
commonly used and more expensive blood-
thinning drug does
B. prevents blood clots just as well as does a
commonly used and a more expensive
bloodthinning drug
C. prevents blood clots just as well as will a
ADVSC455 commonly used and more expensive blood-
thinning drug
D. works just as well as a commonly used and
more expensive blood-thinning drug at the
prevention of blood clots
E. works just as well as does a commonly used
blood-thinning drug, which is also more
expensive, at preventing blood clots
 According to scientists at the University of
Alaska, while the surface temperature of the
globe has risen over the last century by about
one degree Fahrenheit, the surface
temperature in Alaska, Siberia, and
northwestern Canada has increased in the
previous thirty years by about five degrees.
A. the surface temperature in Alaska, Siberia,
and northwestern Canada has increased in the
previous thirty years by about five degrees
ADVSC456 B. the surface temperature in Alaska, Siberia,
and northwestern Canada has increased over
A
thedifferent
last thirty variety
yearsofbygiantabout tortoise can be
five degrees
found
C. there was an increase in the last thirtyeach
on every island in the Galapagos, years
with its own
by about fivestyle
degrees of oversized
in Alaska,dome andand
Siberia,
comically
northwestern scrawny
Canada neck.
A.
D. it had increased instyle
each with its own of oversized
Alaska, Siberia, anddome
ADVSC457 and comically scrawny neck
northwestern
Margaret Mead, Canadabest-known
by about five degrees
B. each
over the with theirthe
previous own styles
thirty years
anthropologist
of oversized
of the twentieth
domes century, helped shape public
E. it hasand
opinion on
comically
increased
fundamentally
scrawny
in Alaska, necks
Siberia,
important and
areas like
C. each having
northwestern their
Canada ownoverstyle
the of oversized
previous thirty
attitudes
dome and toward
comically children
scrawny andneckfamilies, along
years
with by about five degrees
D. allrelative merits
having their ownof competition and
styles of oversized
cooperation.
domes and comically scrawny necks
A. shape
E. all withpublic
their ownopinionstyleonoffundamentally
oversized dome
important
and comically areas like attitudes
scrawny neck toward children
and families, along with
B. shape public opinion in such fundamentally
important areas as attitudes toward children
and families and
ADVSC458 C. to shape public opinion about such
fundamentally
Often important
major economic areas
shifts arelike attitudesas
so gradual
toward
to children and families,
be indistinguishable at firstalso
fromabout
ordinary
D. the shaping
fluctuations of public
in the opinion
financial for
markets.
Experts estimate
fundamentally
A. so gradual tothat
asimportant ten areas
times suchas much
be indistinguishable as
petroleum
attitudes
B. so gradual exists
towardso thatin sources
children
they and
can like tar sands,
families,
be andheavy
oil,
thoseandtoward
indistinguishable
perhaps
E. the
C. so gradualeventhat
shaping in
ofshale
theythan
public in conventional
opinion
are unable around
to be
reservoirs.
fundamentally important areas like attitudes
distinguished
A.
D. sources
toward
gradual like tar
children
enough andsands, toheavy
families,
not oil,those
and and perhaps
be distinguishable of
ADVSC459 even in shale than so that one cannot
E. gradual enough
B. sources like
distinguish them tar sands, heavy oil, and perhaps
even in shale than are
C. such sources as tar sands, heavy oil, and
perhaps even in shale as are
D. such sources as tar sands, heavy oil, and
perhaps even shale as
E. such sources as tar sands, heavy oil, and
ADVSC460 perhaps even shale than
In her 26 years in the forests of Gombe, Jane
Goodall collected data that proved that
chimpanzees
exhibit the kind of curiosity so that new
patterns of behavior and expression can be
passed on from
each one to others by imitating and practicing
A. exhibit the kind of curiosity so that new
ADVSC461 patterns of behavior and expression can be
passed
on from each one to others by imitating and
practicing
B. will exhibit the kind of curiosity so that new
patterns of behavior and expression can be
passed on from one to another by imitating and
practicing
 Unlike George Wallace in 1968 and John
Anderson in 1980, both of whom running as
independent candidates, H. Ross Perot's
independent run for the presidency in 1992
arose not from an unsuccessful effort to gain a
major party nomination but from a desire to
establish a viable third
party in American politics.
A. George Wallace in 1968 and John Anderson
in 1980, both of whom running as independent
candidates,
B. George Wallace in 1968 and John Anderson
in 1980, each of whom ran as independent
candidates,
C. George Wallace in 1968 and John Anderson
in 1980, both of which ran as an independent
candidate,
ADVSC462 D. the independent candidates, George Wallace
Noting
in 1968thatand the
JohnFederal
AndersonReserve had raised a
in 1980,
key short-term
E. the independent interest rate again
candidacies of last month,
George
analysts
Wallace in 1968 and John Anderson in 1980,
said that they expected orders for durable
goods to decline soon because rising interest
rates makes
it more expensive to buy them on credit.
A. rising interest rates makes it more expensive
ADVSC463 to buy them on credit
The number
B. rising of people
interest flying buying
rates make first class
on on
credit
domestic flights rose sharply in 1990, doubling
more expensive
the
C. a increase of the rates
rise in interest previous
makeyear.
it more
A. doublingtothe
expensive buyincrease
on creditof
B.
D. doubling that of the
a rise in interest increase
rates in
make buying on credit
C. double
more as much as the increase of
expensive
D.
E. atwice
rise inasinterest
many asrates
the increase
makes itin more
E. twice asfor
expensive manythemas to
thebe
increase
boughtof on credit

ADVSC464
 The organic food industry has organized a
successful grassroots campaign—using Web
sites, public meetings, and also mass mailings—
that have convinced the Department of
Agriculture to change the
proposed federal regulations for organically
grown food.
A. using Websites, public meetings, and also
mass mailings—that have convinced
B. using Websites, public meetings, and mass
mailings—that has convinced
C. by using Websites, public meetings, and mass
mailings—in convincing
D. by the use of Websites, public meetings, as
well as mass mailings—that convinced
E. which used Websites, public meetings, and
mass mailings—in convincing

ADVSC465
Because the budget package in Congress
promises a combination of higher taxes and
reduced spending that may slow economic
growth, many in the credit markets wonder
whether the Federal
Reserve will compensate and help the economy
by keeping interest rates low, or perhaps even
if
they push them lower.
A. by keeping interest rates low, or perhaps
even if they push
B. by its keeping interest rates low, or perhaps
even by their pushing
C. by keeping interest rates low, or perhaps
even by pushing
D. through their keeping interest rates low, or
perhaps even push
E. through their keeping interest rates low, or
perhaps it will even push

ADVSC466
 United States Senator Daniel Inouye was
appointed to several posts within the
Democratic party
during his first term, that included assistant
majority whip and vice-chair of the Democratic
Senatorial Committee.
A. that included
B. which includes
C. including
D. some of which were
E. among them being

ADVSC467
The thirteen original British colonies in North
America, some formed as commercial ventures,
others
as religious havens, each had a written charter
that set forth its form of government and the
rights
of the colonists.
A. some formed as commercial ventures, others
as religious havens, each had a written charter
B. some being formed as a commercial venture,
others as religious havens, all of which had
written charters
C. some that formed as commercial ventures,
others as religious havens, all had written
charters
D. with some being formed as a commercial
venture, others as religious havens, all had a
written charter
E. with some formed as commercial ventures,
while others as religious havens, each had a
written charter
ADVSC468
 The loan company announced it would soon
lend money to borrowers with proven records
of their not paying back their loans on time,
collectively known as the subprime lending
market.
A. of their not paying back their loans on time,
B. of not paying back their loans on time, a
group
C. of not paying back their loans on time, with
such a group
D. that they do not pay back their loans on
time,
E. that they do not pay back their loans on time,
such a group

ADVSC469
In 1988, the Council on Economic Priorities
began publishing Shopping for a Better World,
with the simple thesis of consumers having the
power to change companies by the simple
expedient of
refusing to buy.
A. with the simple thesis of consumers having
B. which had the simple thesis of consumers
having
C. where the thesis was simple: consumers
having
D. with a thesis that is a simple one: consumers
have
E. whose thesis was simple: consumers have

ADVSC470
 New equipment and other improvements
reduced the amount of time—from eleven
hours in 1982 to six in 1988—needed by
workers so that they could produce a Ton of
steel.
A. needed by workers so that they could
produce
B. needed when workers are producing
C. workers need in producing
D. workers needed to produce
E. workers need for their producing of

ADVSC471
Whereas honeybee's stinger is the heavily
barbed and cannot be retracted from the Skin,
because
the yellow Jacket has a comparatively smooth
stinger, it is therefore able to be pulled and
used out
again.
A. because the yellow jacket has a
comparatively smooth stinger, it is therefore
able to be
pulled out and used
B. the comparative smoothness of the yellow
ADVSC472 jacket's stinger allows them to pull it out and
then can therefore use it
C. the yellow jacket's stinger is comparatively
smooth, and can therefore be pulled out and
used
D. in comparison, the yellow jacket's stinger is
smooth, and thus able to be pulled out and
used
E. in comparison, the yellow jacket has a
smooth stinger, thus allowing it to be pulled out
and
used
A B
Suggestion should be followed by
bossy verb. Usage of just 'be'
rather than 'should be' is the
correct way. Usage of "as" is
incorrect. "As" is used in the same
sense as "because". It implies a
cause-and-effect relationship - Not
logical.
Usage of "being" is incorrect. "by her
suggestion of drunkenness being …"
- "being" serves as a modifier. The
sentence nonsensically implies that
she scandalized many people by her
suggestion of "drunkenness". Usage
of "as" is incorrect.
C
"in being" is incorrect. Removing
this phrase does not change the
meaning of the sentence - hence,
redundant. Usage of past perfect
- had scandalized - is incorrect, as
we are referring to a specific
time period 1852-53.
"scandalized most of her
supporters with the suggestion
of drunkenness + Modifier" - is
nonsense. Note that "being" is
used as a modifier.

"Their" references the two "Which" modifies the noun idea "A market ranging" modifies
publishing divisions and not located closest to it. In this case it country. This is incorrect. It
company. Company is singular and references country. should modify the book market
should be referenced by "it". The in the country. Usage of the
appositive phrase "a market pronoun "their" is incorrect. "the
ranging …" refers to "6 percent". company will increase … in their
share" is nonsensical.

An 'ed' participial modifier
modifies the nearest noun phrase.
'Compared' seems to modify blue
collar workers. This is incorrect.
'Ratio of 42 times' is redundant. 42
times of what? Not clear.
A ratio that compares to a ratio of 42 CORRECT ANSWER. Correct
times in 1980' is incorrect. "ratio" comparison between 2 rations.
cannot compare itself. "42 times" of 'A ratio ….' is an appositive
what? Not clear. modifier that modifies the ratio
used in the main clause.
CORRECT ANSWER. Subject and The participial modifier growing
Verb are in agreement. Parallelism modifies the subject ot the
is maintained preceeding clause - the 32 species.
This is incorrect. 'Growing' and
'famous' are not parallel. "as BIG as
30 ft LONG" is redundant and
incorrect.
The pronoun 'it' does not have a Correct Answer. The absolute
clear antecedent. modifier 'a greater proportion than
… election' refers to "half the
spending in the presidential
election". Also, note the parallelism
with "than" - "in the presidential
campaign of 1992" is parallel to "in
any previous election". Note the
usage of "greater" (vs "more") - we
are referring to a number -
proportion.
Not caused by … but a bacterium' Not caused by … but are by' is not
is
Thenotpronoun
parallel.'them'
This isincorrectly
incorrect. parallel. This is incorrect.
it' is redundant
refers to 'the army'. 'them' is also
redundant here.
The participial modifier growing
modifies the subject of the
preceeding clause and not 'killer
whale'. This is incorrect. Usage
of "being" is redundant. The
sentence still means the same
even if "being" is removed.
The only logical antecedent of
'they' is costs. A 'proportion' is
incorrectly compared to 'costs'.
The present perfect tense 'have
been' is incorrect. Simple past
should be used as we are
referring to a specific time - in
any previous election.
CORRECT ANSWER. 'Caused not
by ….. ButANSWER.
CORRECT by' is parallel.
The The
redundancy of option B is
removed. Also, note the
parallelism between the verbs
"is" and "took".
The correlative conjunction "either
X or Y" requires perfect parallelims
between X and Y. "either + as well
as" is incorrect. 'burning down
individual trees' is not parallel to
'do not denude forests'
by sucking' incorrectly modifies
'tree growth'. It should modify 'the
wooly adelgid'. 'causing …' is a
comma + -ing modifier at the end
of a clause and applies to the
subject of the preceding clause. It
illogically modifies "tree growth".
The pronoun ‘they’ does not have CORRECT ANSWER. The modifier is
an antecedent. 'Which incorrectly properly structured and placed.
modidies 'election'. Note also that
"estimated" and "did not count"
are in the same tense. (happened
approximately at the same time).
Clearly, illogical.
CORRECT ANSWER. "either X or Y". X "either + along with" - incorrect.
= logging; Y = surface fires. Note that
both X and Y are nouns and are
grammatically and logically parallel.
1. Modifier issue- by sucking ‘which’ incorrectly modifies 'tree
modifying the wrong subject ‘tree growth'. ‘to change’ is not
growth’ . 'To drop' and 'their parallel to ‘dropping’
dropping' are not parallel. Note that
the demonstrative pronoun "this"
cannot refer to an entire clause.
Citing … places' incorrectly
modifies '4 million to 6 million'.
Note that there is a slight change
in meaning - this option does not
make clear "which study?"
whereas other options
specifically refer to "a new study
of the 2000 US Presidential
Election".
Incorrectly compares 'a great deal Economical' is a wrong word to use Meaning issue-economical is
more' with 'now'. The verb 'do' is in this sentence. 'Economical' means wrong usage here since
missing. ‘at affordable cost’. economical means ‘at low cost’.

Incorrectly compares 'people in
France'
"that of to
1.4'United States'.
percent TheThe
growth".
pronoun "that" does not refer to
anything. Also, what was the
expectation in August? That
"personal spending in July-
September quarter will more than
double"; Note that the "will"
changes to "would" when we
report the sentence. (read - future
in the past).
CORRECT ANSWER- Compares rate United States does not consume
of comsuption
CORRECT in twoRemoves
ANSWER- countries
all the fatty food.a It's
We need people
"that" herethere who
to talk
issues pointed in option A about an idea. We are not just
referring to "expectations of
personal spending" but an IDEA
THAT "personal spending would
more than double that of ..".
Usage of "that it more than
doubled …" is incorrect. Note
than an appositive phrase must
be parallel to the phrase/clause
it modifies. You need
"expectations that ...". Usage of
simple past is incorrect. We need
future-in-the-past tense (would).
The idiom form is ' so.. that …'. The CORRECT ANSWER. The idiom 'so … The idiom form is ' so.. That …'.
sentence does not conform to the that .. ' is used correctly. The sentence does not conform
idiom to the idiom. "they" refers to
"many skeletons".

establishment', 'closing' and ‘a number of remedies’ must have the establishment', 'the closing'
'requiring' are not parallel. ‘a plural ‘include’ instead of singular and 'requiring' are not parallel.
number of remedies’ must have 'includes'. 'Which' incorrectly 'Which' incorrectly modifies
plural ‘include’ instead of singular modifies shark population. shark population.
'includes'. 'Which' incorrectly
modifies shark population. Note
that "which" cannot jump over an
infinitive phrase "to reverse" to
refer to "remedies". (It can only
jump over prepositions).

society' is not a location. Hence CORRECT ANSWER. Removes all the this sentence seems to imply
usage of 'where' is incorrect. issues of option A that "society is almost all
'They' can only refer to wasps. females". Incorrect. We need to
Wasps cannot consist of almost say "society consists …"
entirely females. The society can
do so.This is incorrect as it distorts
the meaning.

so cold' and 'reflective' are not CORRECT ANSWER. 'so cold' and 'so temperatures are so cold' and
parallel. 'so that' is incorrect reflective' are parallel. The ';' 'ice cap so reflective' are not
usage. "so that" is used to express seperates two indpendent but parallel. (One is a clause; the
intent. It implies that the "ice cap related clauses. other is a phrase). Note that we
is reflective" because it wants cannot use a coordinating
"little polar ice to melt during conjunction to make a present
summer" - clearly nonsensical. tense clause and a hypothetical
clause in parallel.
So bad as that' is wrong usage of
idiom. Moreover "as much X as Y"
-X and Y must be perfectly parallel.
X = because …; Y = that … - not
parallel. Also, this option seems to
imply that moderate gains were
due to "their sales" - clearly
illogical. (Note that "being"
functions as a modifier.)
possible' and 'may' are redundant. possible' and 'may' are redundant.
'melting the ice caps' and 'a rising
sea level' are not parallel.
Moreover, "melting the ice caps"
seems to imply an action, not a
consequence. We need to say
"melting of polar ice caps".
The participial modifier 'reporting'
modifies the entire preceeding
clause and applies to the subject -
"data". Incorrect.
‘conviction’ is compared to
Barbara McClintock. This is
incorrect.
this option seems to imply that this option seems to imply that
moderate gains were due to "their moderate gains were due to
sales" - clearly illogical. (Note that "their sales" - clearly illogical.
"having been" functions as a (Note that "being" functions as a
modifier.). "as much … as bad as modifier.). "as much … as bad as
because …" Is wrong. Usage of because …" Is wrong.
"having been …" is not required
here. It suggests an action prior to
another action. No such sequence
exists here.
possible' and 'may' are
redundant. This answer option
nonsensically implies that "polar
ice caps" and "sea levels" are
consequences of the greenhouse
effect.
Scientists did not report the "earth's CORRECT ANSWER. Note that we
northern latitudes" but the idea that need the present perfect "have
"earth's northern latitudes have become" because of the time
grown warmer". Usage of "having indicator - since 1980.
become …" is incorrect. It implies a
prior action in a sequence of events.
What was the next action in the
sequence?
"being" is used here as a modifier. We do not use "contrary" to
This sentence then essentially means compare people.
"were of the conviction of genes +
Modifier" - this sentence is clearly
nonsense.
that all twelve break laws', 'many "an investigation + have" is incorrect. CORRECT ANSWER. Parallelism is
residents work' and 'that more
than half' are not parallel.
The investigation did not find "all maintained.
twelve hospitals" but the idea that
"all twelve broke the law". "with
more than half the residents …"
serves as a modifier to "that many
residents work for 24 hours
straight". However, this usage is
incorrect as the action in the
modifier does NOT have any bearing
on the action in the main clause - i.e.
how they worked 24 hours straight.
this option breaks the parallelism
between "all twelve ..." and "that
many residents ...". Note also that
we need an "and" to connect them.

‘unlike/like + preposition' is always
wrong. 'Not buying' and 'leave' are
not parallel. (whereas they should
have been logically parallel).
‘unlike/like + preposition' is always
wrong. 'Not buying' and 'leave' are
not parallel. 'Not also buy' is
incorrect. Just 'not' would be better.
'as well + also' is redundant.
"shoppers in … shop very little" is
blatantly redundant.
"do very little impulse shopping"
and "do not buy a pair of .." must
not be in parallel. The second
serves as a description of the
first. Also note that A,B, but C is
incorrect. You can only use
"and/or" in this configuration.
CORRECT ANSWER. Parallelism is
maintained and the meaning is
conveyed correctlty.
The pronoun 'they' has no logical
antecedent as 'artisans' is in
possessive form. "expended for"
is incorrect idiom. "and" is used to
connect two independent clauses.
Here we connect one independent
clause and one dependent clause.
CORRECT ANSWER. 'Who dwelt'
and 'Who had the power' are
parallel.
Function ‘as’ used in comparison
doesn’t
A leadingmake sense.
figure .. ' incorrectly
modifies ‘two major books’. This is
incorrect.
If the intervening modifiers are
removed, the sentence reads -
"minivans … they cost less,". The
"they" is redundant. "compared
with" seems to refer to "seven
passengers"
CORRECT ANSWER. 'They' correctly
refers to 'Budha images'. 'On
creation' and 'On construction' are
parallel.
The participial modifer 'having;
modifies the entire preceeding
clause 'who dwelt ..... floor'. This
does not make sense as "having the
power …" has no bearing on where
he dwelt.
since there is no
(greater/less/more/higher) ‘than’
A leading figure .. ' incorrectly
modifies ‘two major books’. This is
incorrect. Use of 'like' is incorrect.
'Like' should always be followed by a
noun or noun clause.
1. Parallelism issue-list is not
parallel 2. sentence
fragment-‘minivans have a lower
cost, they get beter'
creation' and 'constructing' are
not parallel. 'constructing' and
'decoration' are not parallel.
Who dwelt' and 'who has' is not
parallel. The first part is in simple
past. The second is in simple
present.
Correct Answer. ‘that’ refers to
‘price’ andfigure
A leading it makes sense.
.. ' incorrectly
modifies ‘two major books’. This
is incorrect. 'Just as' is not the
correct idiom here.
The pronoun ‘it’ has no The pronoun 'have' incorrectly refers CORRECT ANSWER. The
antecendent as 'coyote's' is to singular 'coyote'. "ability of" is modifiers are correctly
possessive. The modifier "though unidiomatic. structured and placed. Singular
subject ….. Century' incorrectly pronouns are used to refer to
modifies 'amazing ability of the 'coyote'
coyote'. "ability of" is unidiomatic.

the "that" has to refer to many
new satellites. Because it is
preceded by the article "the".
"The" is used to refer to specific
things (this means that we need to
have a description of "many new
satellites"). "effort of subjecting" is
not correct. "effort to subject" is
the correct form as we need the
infinitive to state intent. Also, "15
years effort" is incorrect
by placing the clause after "which"
as a non-essential modifier the
sentence basically reads - "the AM-1
is one of the many new satellites" -
clearly not the main idea. "which"
must refer to "the many new
satellites". Hence, usage of "is" is
incorrect. the sentence also
nonsensically reads - "how Earth's
atmosphere, oceans, and land
surfaces interact to detailed
scrutiny". this is nonsensical.
by placing the clause after
"which" as a non-essential
modifier the sentence basically
reads - "the AM-1 is one of the
many new satellites" - clearly not
the main idea. The sentence also
nonsensically reads - "how
Earth's atmosphere, oceans, and
land surfaces are interacting to
detailed scrutiny". this is
nonsensical. Also, the sentence
should read "effort to subject".

Incorrect usage of 'like'. 'Such as' CORRECT ANSWER. 'Cultivation', 'the
needs to be used to give examples. harvesting' and 'exploitation of' are
'Cultivating', 'The harvesting' and parallel. Note that we can have
'exploiting' are not parallel. action nouns such as
"cultivation/exploitation" in parallel
to complex gerunds such as "the
harvesting" but not in parallel to
simple gerunds such as "harvesting".
Incorrect usage of 'like'. 'Such' as
needs to be used to give
examples. "and" requires
parallelism. "basing it on" is not
parallel to anything.
"cultivation", "harvesting", and
"the exploiting" are not parallel.
Also, note that the GMAT prefers
the action form of the noun -
"exploitation" to the gerund
form - "exploiting".
‘so..that’ is the correct idiom.
‘that’ is missing after ‘persistent’.
This sentence then is a run-on.
Also, note that "her lobbying …
was persistent" is not parallel to
"so dogged were …"
Idiom issue- ‘so..that’ is the correct
idiom. ‘so..so that’ is wrong. The
sentence also does not answer the
question - lobbying by whom? "so
that" denotes intent. The sentence
says that lobbying was persistent so
as to get Roosevelt to recruit
Perkins.
So dogged' and 'persistent' are
not parallel. "her lobbying for
wage and hour reforms
persistent" modifies "so dogged
were …" - this does not make
sense.

"contact with it directly with …" is Note that "directly" modifies the
incorrect. "it" cannot refer to the prepositional phrase "with an
plural compound noun "physical ichana". We are not sure whether
and spiritual level" the contact is direct, but the means
of achieving contact is direct. We
need to use the preposition "by" to
indicate a method. "it" cannot refer
to the plural compound noun
"physical and spiritual level"
Usage of 'last' is incorrect. 'latter'
should be used with two things.
Also note that "directly" modifies
"with an ichana". We are not
sure whether the contact is
direct, but the means of
achieving contact is direct.

‘more..as’ is wrong idiom. 'More .. ‘more..as’ is wrong idiom. 'More .. Does not answer the question -
Than..' is the correct idiom.‘any Than..' is the correct idiom. What was there? 'as low as that
month’ is incorrect as 'July' itself is which' is incorrect construction.
part of any month. Note that we cannot use the past
tense "was" with a period
indicator such as "since October
1987". We need a perfect tense.
‘because of’ and ‘by the fact’ are
not parallel.(Note that not just X
but Y is a variation of not only X
but Y)
CORRECT ANSWER. 'Not just by' and
'but by' are parallel. Continuos form
'becoming' and 'writing' used
correctly.
"because of drugs + Modifier"
(Modifier = that are becoming) -
this seems to say that the
phenomenon is occurring
because of drugs - not the
intended meaning. Also note
that this option states that ONLY
some drugs are becoming more
expensive. Not the original
meaning. The usage of "also" is
incorrect. this usage then begs
the question - what else did they
write? - to warrant the use of
also. Also, "having written"
implies a prior action in a
sequence of events. Where is the
other action?

‘the themes’ requires plural ‘are’
instead of singular ‘is’.
‘the themes’ requires plural ‘are’
instead of singular ‘is’. The clause
"also it occasionally deals with …" is
separated only by a comma. This
sentence is a run-on
This is a run on sentence -two
independent clauses that are
connected by comma. "they +
deals" is incorrect.

CORRECT ANSWER. Modifiers are by skimming' incorrectly modifies the sentence basically reads (if
correctly placed and structured. proponents you remove the non-essential
modifier) - "could fly … in under
two hours with it skimming along
the top of the atmosphere" - this
is awkward and incorrect.
Correct Answer. that of moderate growth' is
incorrect. There is no antecedent for
the pronoun 'that'. The participial
modifier makes the sentence a
fragment by introducing 'and'.
CORRECT ANSWER. Absolute the prepositional phrase "with
modifier has been used correctly. interactions …" serves as an
adverbial modifier to "collects and
transmits". This usage is incorrect as
the modifier has no bearing on those
verbs.
CORRECT ANSWER. No issues with The present perfect 'Have led' is
the sentence. incorrect.We are referring to a
specific time - 1876-1904.
This is a sentence fragment. If
the modifiers are removed, the
sentence reduces to "policy
makers at the federal reserve
who are almost certain …" - not a
complete clause.
"affects" does not agree with the
plural noun "interactions".
The present perfect 'Have led' is
incorrect. Simple past 'led'
should be used. 'To serve' is
preferred over 'For serving' since
we are talking about
goals/purpose. Moreover, this
option does not make it clear
when the construction happened
but modifies "led" (tells us when
the concerns led)
Idiom is ‘between X and Y’ not
'between x with that of y'. The
correct idiom is "so much X as Y".
Here, "as" is replaced with "but".
Idiom is ‘between X and Y’ not CORRECT ANSWER. Idiom used
'between x with that of y'. The correctly
correct idiom is "so much X as Y".
Here, "as" is replaced with "but
instead".

‘of recognizing’ and ‘to grasp’ are
not parallel. "dolphins as capable
to spontaneously" is unidiomatic.
Also, this sentence says "studies
indicate dolphins .." - illogical. We
need a "that" after indicate.
‘to recognize’ and ‘of spontaneously
grasping’ are not parallel.
'Themselves' has no antecedent as
"dolphins''' is a possessive noun.
"considered as" is unidiomatic.
‘of recognizing’ and ‘to grasp’ are
not parallel. Also, this sentence
says "studies indicate dolphins .."
- illogical. We need a "that" after
indicate. "capable to grasp" is
unidiomatic.

CORRECT ANSWER. Comparison is This is a sentence fragment as it has Children are compared to
correctly done.Parallelism is not active verb. Also, this option parents incorrectly. "to be self-
maintained refers to a specific group of confident", "have a high self-
authoritative parents - ONLY those esteem" and "to be responsibly
authoritative parents who are more independent" are not parallel.
likely to have self-confident children. We do not use "the" with
"that" cannot refer to people - in this comparative terms.
case children.
singular ‘market’ needs singular
‘remains’ not plural ‘remain’. 'Like'
is used incorrectly to give
examples.
singular ‘market’ needs singular ‘is’
not plural ‘are’. 'Like' is used
incorrectly to give examples.
Continous form 'remaining' is not
preferred. "those of" is redundant.
"aluminium" is a commodity.
CORRECT ANSWER. 'Such as' is
correctly used to give examples.
Subject and verb are in
agreement.

"which" must be followed by a If A and B are in parallel, they must This is a sentence fragment. The
clause. "over 2500 miles long" and be two separate/independent modifier has no active verb.
"extending" are not parallel. things. B must not be a description.

"and" requires parallelism. "and" requires parallelism. "not CORRECT ANSWER. The two
"foreshadowing" is not parallel to necessarily that …" is not parallel to clauses around and are parallel
anything. temporary factors. Putting this in and share the same subject.
parallel to "said that …" makes the
sentence - "analysts said not
necessarily that …" - illogical.

CORRECT ANSWER. The sentence "rules" do not have an intent. We "rules" do not have an intent.
construction Is correct. The need a "that" after "ensuring". Usage "rules" do not ensure "At least
meaning is conveyed correctly. of "to be" distorts the meaning. This one nurse". We need a "that"
suggests that the nurses are after "ensure". The emergency
assigned before the patients are put room is not put through triage.
through triage. "at least" seems to
modify "to be assigned". Also note
that "ensure" is not a bossy verb and
thus needs "is", not "to be".
Singular verb 'is' cannot refer to CORRECT ANSWER. Removes all the Like X that the Y' is incorrect.
plural 'sandpipers'. The sentence issues of option A. Maintains "that" does not refer to anything.
basically reads - "the sandpipers + parallelism The use of 'due to' is incorrect.
vanishing (modifier)" - this refers "due to" refers to "northeastern
to ONLY those sandpipers that are United States".
vanishing - clearly nonsense.

"so that" specifies intent. This
suggests that "raises water bills" is
done with a purpose. Also, the use
of present tense "raises" is not
appropriate as the projects are
"proposed", not implemented.
"will raise" is more appropriate.
A present participle (such as
RAISING) implies an action
happening at the same time as the
main action (HAS PROPOSED).
However, "raising" happens in the
future not in the past. (has
proposed).
"which" must be preceded by a
comma. The usage of "raises"
impllies that the action is taking
place now whereas the projects
are still in proposal stage. We
need to use the future tense -
"will".

Usage of past continuous is not Plural 'trenches' cannot be used in Use of past continous 'were
preferable - "were arising". Simple conjunction with singular 'yields'. arising' is not preferred.
past will suffice. "evidence for Use of past continous 'were arising' "simultaneously of" is
centrally adminstered societies" is is not preferred. Use it when an unidiomatic (as is implied in the
not the intended meaning. The action in the past was interrupted by sentence). We need to say
intended meaning is the idea THAT another action. "simultaneously with".
"centrally administered societies
arose simultaneously with more
celebrated cities of Mesopotamia".
the condition implied is this - "only
if non-opec nations …, the group
will pare …". The usage of "but" is
incorrect. Also, note that the
hypothetical subjunctive requires
the use of "would", not "will".
Also, note that subordinate
clauses ("if") that are placed at the
end of sentences must not be
separated by commas.
Which' incorrectly modifies
'exhibit'. It should modify the
infinitive 'touch'.
CORRECT ANSWER. Subject and
Verb are in agreement. It is
concise.
Its' refers to tea. Tea does not
have many possibilities. This
distorts the measning of the
sentence. "possibility for" is
unidiomatic. The correct idioms
are "possibility that" and
"possibility of".
The usage of "but" is incorrect. The
usage of passive voice - "is trimmed"
- implies that some one else will be
responsible for reducing the output
of non-OPEC nations, not those
countries themselves.
"in turn an activation …" modifies
"exhibit" - illogical.
The plural subject 'Surge in Sales and
Drop in unemployment' should have
plural verb 'suggest', not singular
verb 'suggests'. "so weak as" is
unidiomatic.
Its' refers to tea. Tea does not have
many possibilities. This distorts the
measning of the sentence.
Note that we cannot use future
tenses such as "would" in
conditional clauses. "would be
trimmed" is a passive
construction - implies that some
one else will be responsible for
reducing the output of non-OPEC
nations, not those countries
themselves.
"it" seems to refer to "the Virtual
Leonardo Project". Causality is
not expressed clearly.
Plural 'have' cannot refer to
singular 'economy'. "by some
analysts" suggests passive voice.
The sentence then reads - "as
weak as the economy was
previously thought by some
analysts". We need the infinitive
"to be" to make the meaning
clear - "as weak as the economy
was previously thought to be by
some analysts".
"it" must refer to "brewed
leaves" (besides = as well
as/along with/in addition to).
Also, "prevents AND inhibits"
does not make sense. If it
"prevents", no question of
"inhibits" arises.
Note that "but" requires parallel CORRECT ANSWER. Two phrases are "but" must be followed by a
construction. "seldom more than connected in parallel. clause. Note that we do not use
…" is a phrase whereas "but it ran a comma before "and" to
…" is a clause. separate two phrases, only two
clauses. Hence ", and ran" is
incorrect. Note that the contrast
between "40 ft wide … but ran
363 miles" is missing. But there is
a false contrast between "ran
363 miles but the Erie Canal
connected ..."

"both X and Y" - X and Y must be "both X and Y" - X and Y must be This is a sentence fragment as it
perfectly parallel. perfectly parallel. does not have an active verb.
One part of the sentence reads - this reads "clouds form by sun's CORRECT ANSWER. Modifiers are
"evaporation of ocean's water that warmth + Modifier" - not the correctly structured and placed.
rises into the atmosphere". This is intended meaning.
redundant as "that rises into the
atmosphere" implies that the
water has evaporated. X is formed
by Y implies that Y FORMS X.
X is formed from Y implies that Y is
the MATERIAL used to form X.
A: Clouds are formed from the
evaporation.
It means that The evaporation is
the material used to form clouds.
Also, the present participle
condensing implies
contemporaneous action -- an
action happening AT THE SAME
TIME as the preceding actions --
but the intended meaning is that
the water condenses AFTER it rises
high into the atmosphere.

Plural subject "increases" needs
plural verb 'account'.
The second clause after ';' is a
sentence fragment as it does not
have an active verb. 'what
accounted' is redundant as removing
that does not change the meaning of
the sentence.
CORRECT ANSWER. Note that the
construction at the end - "the
remainder + coming" is an
absolute phrase.

"largest share for any country to CORRECT ANSWER. Correctly uses "it" refers to noun + all its
contribute" -seems to imply that present perfect 'has contributed' modifiers. "it" = "more than a
there is a maximum limit. It implies along with "since". quarter of all foreign born
that it is a duty/obligation. residents of the United States".
"largest share for any country to
contribute" -seems to imply that
there is a maximum limit.
"movements" do not have agency. The plural subject 'movements'
They cannot synchronize to needs plural verb 'are'.
something by themselves.
"synchronize to" is unidiomatic.
The modifier 'While studying the
….corn' incorrectly modifies ' a
new class of genes'. It should
rather modify BM. "which" must
be separated by commas.
Threat from' is incorrect. "Threat
of' is preferred. 'Sales for' is
incorrect. 'Sales of' is preferred.
Also, note that the usage of
"including" is redundant. "among"
means the same thing. "threat" is
not perfectly parallel to
"declining".
CORRECT ANSWER. Correct
comparison between 'mammals'
and 'birds'.
The modifier 'While studying the The antecedent of 'it' is not very
….corn' incorrectly modifies ' a new clear.
class of genes'. It should rather
modify BM. Singular 'class of genes'
needs singular 'was', not plural
'were'.
"which" can jump over prepositions
but not over participles like "facing".
Plural 'challenges' should refer to
plural 'include' not singular
'includes'. "threat" is not perfectly
parallel to "declining".
"in parallel lines" seems to modify
"mammals". Also, "tubes" does not
make it clear - Which tubes are we
referring to? Answer option A
clarifies this by using "the" - "the
tubes" makes it clear that we are
referring to tubes that convey
nutrients.
CORRECT ANSWER.
Threat from' is incorrect. "Threat
of' is preferred. 'Sales for' is
incorrect. = "sales for the sake
of". 'Sales of' is preferred.
"included" is redundant when
used with "among". "these" is
incorrect as demonstrative
pronouns must have a noun to
modify. They cannot be used
independently.
Incorrect comparison between
'mammals' and 'bird's tubes'.
'Where' is used incorrectly.
Where should only modify
places. Also, "tubes" does not
make it clear - Which tubes are
we referring to?
RW and RE are not novels. The list
following - should have novels.
Note that we are comparing
novels and hence need the same
structure to be paralleled.
The list should be parallel to Jane RW and RE are not novels. The
Toomer's Cane. RW's Native son list following - should have
would be a better option. Note that novels.
"including" should not be followed
by an exhaustive list.
For example -
Yesterday, I visited three places,
including townhall and the circus.
(correct - only a partial list).
Yesterday, I visited three places,
including townhall, the circus, and
the mayor's office. (incorrect -
mentions all three places).

sitting' and 'provides' are not Sitting' incorrectly modifies "a firm in sits' and 'providing' are not
parallel. The participial modifier Scotland". parallel.
'Sitting' incorrectly modifies "a firm
in Scotland".

the sentence reads - "because of This is a sentence fragment as it has "with the cost of …" and "mobile
wireless costs + modifier" - not the not active verb. phones have …" are not parallel.
intended meaning. "and" must
connect two things in parallel.
"wireless costs plummeting" is a
phrase whereas "as mobile phones
are …" is a clause. "many people
now + modifier" is not a complete
sentence. Hence, this option is a
sentence fragment.

CORRECT ANSWER. 'was injured'
and 'was discharged' are parallel.
Simple past used correctly. Note
also the usage of past perfect "had
become" - this happened before
she "was discharged".
This distorts the meaning. She was
not injured while she was being
discharged. "joined" and "was
discharged" are not connected by an
AND.
Usage of two ANDs is not
necessary. Removing "because"
removes the causality and
changes the meaning of the
sentence. This sentence does not
tells us WHY she was discharged.
There need to be two companies. Singular 'merger' needs to have a
"Leading gas and electric
company" seems like one
company. This distorts the
meaning of the sentence.
CORRECT ANSWER. Subject and
Verb are in agreement. It is
concise.
Incorrectly compare a 'female
bear' and 'range'.
singular verb 'is' not plural 'are'.
We need to use the same tenses
here as both actions happen
simultaneously. "is committing" and
"committed" occur at different
times. Also, we do not need to use
the present continuous here as we
are talking about general truths.
"commits" is the correct tense.
Incorrectly compares 'range' and
'male bear'. "so many as" is
unidiomatic. "occupying 50 to 300 "while the typical range".
square miles…" refers to "female
grizzly bear in the Rockies". Not clear
"what do they occupy?"
Singular 'merger' needs to have a
singular verb 'is' not plural 'are'.
Use of "future continuous" is not
required when "simple future"
will do. Also, this option seems to
imply that the network itself will
market the utilities - illogical. The
network is created TO market
the utilities.
Singular 'its' cannot refer to
plural 'corporations'. "acts" and
"benifited" should happen at the
same time. Using different tenses
for them makes this option
incorrect. "on the condition" is
not parallel to AND "if".
"so many as" is unidiomatic.
"with males" incorrectly modifies
"Such .. Like" is incorrect. "not in
just such calamitous bursts …"
seems to imply that coastal
erosion does not occur in
"calamitous bursts" - not the
intended meaning.
CORRECT ANSWER. Correct use of
'such as''. "not just in calamitous
bursts …" seems to imply that
erosion occurs continuously as well
as in calamitous bursts.
"like" is not used to specify
examples. "not in just …" distorts
the meaning. Use of present
continuous - "is continuously
occuring" - for general truths is
incorrect. Also, this option is a
sentence fragment as it does not
have a main verb.

"it can do tremendous damage …" Note that we cannot use any future CORRECT ANSWER. 'that is' and
is not parallel to "is about half a tense such as "would" with 'that could' are parallel. 'Were',
mile wide" conditionals(an if clause). "is about 'could' and 'would' correctly
half a mile wide" is not parallel to describe a hypothetical situation.
"part of the planet could experience 'Could' and 'would' are parallel.
…". Note that joining two
independent clauses "part of the
planet …" and "it would do ..."
without a comma is considered
incorrect.

both' and 'as well as' together are CORRECT ANSWER. 'Both' used Breaks parallelism. 'Business
unidiomatic. The usage of a correctly. 'for business' and 'for journals' and 'for general' are not
conditional "especially if focusing general' are parallel. parallel. "when focused"
…" does not make sense. Also, "if nonsensically implies that
focusing …" seems to be a comma "advertising income has
+ -ing modifier at the end of a significantly reduced ONLY
sentence and applies to the WHEN focused on technology".
subject "the current economic
downturn" - Not logical.

CORRECT ANSWER. Converys "it" cannot refer to "coins"/"dollars". Also, this implies that ONLY
meaning correctly. It is concise. Also, this implies that ONLY about about 857 million dollars proved
857 million dollars proved unpopular. "it" cannot refer to
unpopular. "dollars".
"it" = "over 75 percent of the
energy produced in France".
Incorrectly compares 'energy' and CORRECT ANSWER. Correct
'Germany'. "33 percent" of what? - comparison between nuclear
germany uses just over 33 percent - energy.
changes the meaning. Germany does
not use 33 percent of nuclear
energy.

ability for' is unidiomatic. 'For CORRECT ANSWER. 'To distinguish' "this" cannot refer to a clause.
distinguishing' and 'to make' are and 'to make' are parallel. "as a Also, note that we cannot use
not parallel. Also the correct form result" = "therefore/thus". demonstrative
of the idiom is "so + adjective + pronouns/adjectives
that" - the "that" is missing. The independently.
sentence reads - "AND, the result
is, it hampers the ability to make
sense of speech". - result of what?

CORRECT ANSWER. Conveys the
meaning accurately. Modifier is
specific and concise.
"are being" implies that the action is since "each" works alone, you're
happening right now. talking about ALL of the
dwellings.
"with" modifiers should describe
only a component/aspect/sub-
part of the previous observation;
they shouldn't characterize the
entire observation.

CORRECT ANSWER. Modifiers are "because of + Verb-ing" is Capability in dealing' is

correctly placed and structured. considered unidiomatic. unidiomatic.
"digging …" should modify "which" illogically refers to It' has no antecendent. "while
paleoentologists. "which" "paleoentologists". "digging …" digging …" should have modified
illogically refers to should modify paleoentologists. "paleoentologists".
"paleoentologists".

comma before "and" when it joins It' has no antecedent. Usage of past Use of past perfect form 'had
two phrases is incorrect. "this" continuous "were routinely falling" is been' is not correct. We are
cannot refer to an entire clause. not required. referrring to a specific time in the
"devise a plan that reduced past - "in the mid 1970s".
emissions" - incorrect. Reduced is Causality of 'overcome from
in the future of "devise". Hence, poullution' and 'routinely fell' is
we need "future in the past" - not expressed. "devise a plan
"would". that reduced emissions" -
incorrect. Reduced is in the
future of "devise". Hence, we
need "future in the past" -
"would".

"called for" indicates an intention. "called for" indicates an intention. CORRECT ANSWER. It is concise
We need to use "so that" to We need to use "so that" to specify and conveys the meaning
specify intention. (Not required for intention. accurately.
the exam - The timeline of tenses
also does not make sense. "called
for …" - this sentence is stated in
the present. However, "it would
…" is stated in the past.)

Taking' and 'Pronounced' are not CORRECT ANSWER. Clear and "had taken 7 years to complete"
parallel. "taking …" is a modifier concise. Parallelism is maintained. - for whom? Not clear. Usage of
whereas the part to the right hand 'it' introduces redundancy.
side of "and" is a verb phrase.
"Until" used as a preposition = "up
to" (seven years up to completion
is Wrong)
but THAT' is not parallel to Usage of 'but' and instead' "that" seems to refer to "millions
anything. introduces redundancy. "that" seems of years".
to refer to "millions of years".

CORRECT ANSWER. Correct usage Not only whether' and 'but also if' not only investigate' and 'but
of 'not only but also'. Maintains are not parallel. Note also that "if" is also if' are not parallel. Use of
parallelism. used to state a condition not a 'whether or not' introduces
choice. redundancy. Usage of "if" is
incorrect.

CORRECT ANSWER. "A critique'
and 'A vision' are parallel.
A critique' and 'his envisioning' are
not parallel.
A critique' and envisioning' are
not parallel. "a critique" refers to
"Essay on Heat and Light"
whereas "envisioning" refers to
"Humphry Davy".

CORRECT ANSWER. Clear and Does not use the subjunctive mood. Does not use the subjunctive
concise. "on condition that" Also, note that since this was spoken mood.
requires the subjunctive mood. in the past, we need to use the
future in the past - would.
The forming' and 'they are laid' are forming' and 'to lay' are not parallel. "having bricks formed …" is not
not parallel. parallel to "they were laid …"

Incorrectly compares 'background Refers to ONLY those archaeologists CORRECT ANSWER. Correctly
in art history' to a 'nautical who need a background in art compares the two
archaeologist'. history. "just as" needs to be archaeologists. Note the
followed by a clause. correlative conjunction - Just as X
so (too) Y.

"because of Verb + -ing" is "because of Verb + -ing" is "Allows that" is unidiomatic.

considered unidiomatic. considered unidiomatic.

who broke' and 'they recorded' are who broke' and 'they recorded' are CORRECT ANSWER. 'broke' and
not parallel. Use of simple past not parallel. "those of" is incorrect. 'have consistently recorded' are
'recorded' is incorrect. Use of What of horses? We are comparing parallel. Correct usage of present
present perfect 'have recorded' is "human runners" to "horses". perfect 'have recorded'. Conveys
preferred with "since". "horses the meaning clearly.
have had winning times with little
improvement" - seems to imply
that they NO longer have such
times. i.e. they might have shown
improvement in timing.
"conception of X as Y" is not
idiomatic. "it is precisely the
opposite" - states a general truth.
This implies that this was true
even when the radio was
conceived.
"but which" is not parallel to CORRECT ASNWER. It is concise
anything. Also, note that, in this and conveys the meaning of the
case, but MUST join two sentence clearly.
independent clauses. "Marconi
conceived …" is an independent
clause. "which is precisely the
opposite" is NOT an independent
clause.

CORRECT ANSWER. 'Overlaid' and That' has no antecedent. This causes "overlaid" is a modifier. "banked
'banked' are parallel. It is clear and an incorrect comparison. them" functions as a verb
concise. phrase. Also, it must attach to
Yana, not to "its framework of
poles".

rate that trees grow' is illogical.
trees do not grow rates. "among"
is a preposition. Hence, "surest
indications" cannot be the subject.
"the rate" is the subject. Hence,
"are" is incorrect.
"among" is a preposition. Hence, "on earth" modifies the verb "is
"surest indications" cannot be the believed". Seems to imply that it
subject. "the rate" is the subject. is believed on earth that the
'Rate' is singular. Hence singular verb surest indications (presumably in
'is' and not 'are' should be used. the entire universe) of sunspot
Note that "their" cannot refer to cycles are rate of tree growth -
"tree" (also note that "tree" seems clearly nonsense. Because the
to be an adjective, not a noun) best indications are on the sun
itself. Look how option E corrects
this by making "on earth" modify
"indications".

So such that' is incorrect. Use of
continous form 'are accounting' is
incorrect. We do not use
continuous tenses with state verbs
such as love/hate/own/account
etc.
Use of continous form 'are
accounting' is incorrect. We do not
use continuous tenses with state
verbs such as
love/hate/own/account etc.
"Mormons once 75% of the
population" seems to refer to ONLY
those mormons who were 75%
percent of the population.
that such that' is incorrect. "that
many people" - the pronoun
"that" does not have an
antecedent. "Mormons that
were" - we do not use "that" to
refer to people. "are accounting"
is incorrect.
"when working …" incorrectly
modifies "an understanding …".
"were it not + instead" is
redundant.
"indicates few people" is illogical.
Usage of "nor" is incorrect. It must
connect a negative idea in clause 1
("few people") with a positive idea
in clause 2 ("they are making").
"they are making" is incorrect
because "they" = "few people"
(not many)
"the numbers of" - we do not
know what
Who will thisthose
miss referssigns?
to. Not
clear. The two "it"s refer to two
different things. 1st = course of
action. 2nd = placeholder.
They' cannot refer to singular CORRECT ANSWER. Maintains
'manager'. "at least of equal parallelism. Modifier is correctly
importance as" is not idiomatic. "at placed and structured.
least as important as" is the correct
construction.
"were it not + instead" is "would collapse" is much simpler
redundant. "were it not .." is a and better.
hypothetical tense used to indicate
unreal situations in the present - If
I were rich, I would donate money
to charity. "were" is used with
"would". However, "would have +
past participle" Is used to talk about
unreal situations in the past.
"indicates few people" is illogical. "having made" is not parallel to
"having + past participle" indicates a "there are a few people". "having
prior action. It must be followed by a made" is not followed by a post
post action. There isn't any. action. Also, note that
"nor"(used as a conjunction)
must join two complete clauses.
CORRECT ANSWER. 'that' refers to The meaning is distorted. It
the
this number
sentence469,000.
reads - "an executive means thatifthe
"especially trucks
it …" same
is too of
far away
makes ... missing signs of trouble from "course of action" and thus
likely" - clearly nonsense. "ones" is is inferior to the placement in
incorrect. We need "them". The option E.
pronoun "one" can only refer to a
subset of the noun to which it refers,
not the entire thing.
CORRECT ANSWER
comma + -ing modifiers should
serve either as descriptions or as
effects of the preceding clause.
"outnumbering her letters …" is
not a description because it does
not describe HOW they were
written over a period of time. It is
also not an effect because "were
written over a period of time"
does NOT automatically lead to
"outnumbering her other letters".
What if she wrote only letter per
year?
Because of' should be followed
by a noun idea. Here it is
followed by a clause - "riverbeds
thrust … put gold within reach …"
"THE act of congress, which was
approved April 24, 1800, …" seems
to imply there is only one act that
the congress has passed so far.
Begins and Ended are not parallel.
Also, note that since we are referring
to a specific time period "few years
before …" ("begins" is a completed
action in the past). We need to use
the past tense. The sentence is a
fragment because the basic
structure here is - "letters were
written, outnumber …" - We need an
"and" to connect the two verbs.
"and putting" is not parallel to
anything. "because of volcanic
activity" does not make sense as a
modifier to "was a relatively easy
task"
Let us remove the modifiers
here. The sentence reduces to
'The act of Congress and
established the library'. The LHS
of "and" does not have a verb.
This has a parallelism issue.
"Beginning" and "that ends" are
not parallel. Usage of the present
tense "ends" is incorrect as we
are referring to a specific time in
the past "in 1886". (the action
"ending" was completed in the
past. It is not happening now, i.e.
a general truth, to warrant the
use of present tense)
"and putting" is not parallel to
anything. "owing to volcanic
activity" does not make sense as
a modifier to "was a relatively
easy task"
"prohibit" does not take the Them is not the right antedecdent CORRECT ANSWER.
command subjunctive. The correct for each employee. Him/Her is the
forms of the idiom are "prohibit X" right antecedent
and "prohibit X from Verb-ing Y"

It' has no antecedent. CORRECT ANSWER. No pronoun "did not at plymouth" - did not
ambiguity and parallelism do what? Not clear.
maintained

"that includes" refers to "group" CORRECT ANSWER. CORRECT USE OF Subject Verb Issue: Group is
whereas its parallel structure "that SUBJECT VERB AND PUNCTUATION. singular, 'Include' is plural.
are" refers to "New world tropical 'Includes' should be used
birds".
the sentence reads - "fossils
..found, and dated …, made it the
earliest known mammal" -
because of the comma, the verb
"made" seems to be part of a
different construction, not
attached to the subject "fossils".
Also note that we do not use
comma to connect two phrases
"found ..., and dated ..."
There are multiple issues here.
Because of …. Coastal netting, by
pollution and by various other
threats are not parallel. The
number of wild salmon is singular.
Hence, usage of 'have been' is
incorrect.
The verb 'tend' should be 'tends' The pronoun 'it' should be used
as the subject 'A scrub jay' is
singular. "if [participle]" -- a
modifier that, by convention,
refers to the SUBJECT of the
sentence (not the proximate noun)
- refers to "a scrub jay" - illogical.
The antecendent of the pronoun "fossils + was dated" as well as
'they' is missing. Also note that we "fossils + was found" is
do not separate the essential incorrect. The usage of olain
modifier "that" by commas. "fossils + "this" (without any noun that it
has been dated" is incorrect. should modify) is incorrect.
Also, the subject , "fossils ...,
was dated..." is stranded.
"because ..." is not parallel to "the numbers" does not agree
"by ...". The usage of present tense with the verb "has". "because of"
"is reduced" is incorrect. Present is not parallel to "by …"
tense is used for general truths and
states that are true right now (not
events/actions). If an action/event is
happening right now, we use the
present continuous. "in scotland, the
number of salmon is reduced by
pollution" implies that this is a
general truth in Scotland - Not the
intended meaning.
This is a sentence fragment as
instead of 'they' as the subject 'A the send clause after 'and' does
Scrub jay' is singular. not have an active verb. "and
tending" is not parallel to
anything.
"it" refers to "population of india". There is no antecedent for the
So, the sentence reads "the
population will have 1.6 billion
people" - not correct. We need the
verb "be" instead of "have".
"probably + estimated" is
redundant.
Incorrect comparison. Earlier
works on slavery should be
compared with Blassingame's
innovative study. 'That of' causes
the issue.
"like" should be followed by a
noun. "more recently" is an
adverb. "not motivated by …" is
not parallel to "but the practical
matters …". "like more recently"
should have referred to "sixteenth
century" but it does not.
CORRECT ANSWER.
pronoun ' they'.
the pronoun "that" has no Earlier works on slavery is
antecedent. compared to Blassingame. This is
incorrect
"was being motivated" - the "they" does not have an
continuous form is not required. antecedent. "like" cannot be
Simple tense - "was motivated" will followed by a clause.
suffice. "as it has been …" applies to
the entire clause - "the push was
motivated by practical matters of
navigation, instead of complicated
philosphical questions ...". It cannot
just refer to the part after "instead"
as it has no verb and thus is not a
clause.
"and in using …., can decide ..." -
the verb phrase "can decide" does
not have a subject as it is
separated by commas. The
modifier "in using …" is incorrect
because the verb "can decide on a
strategy" is NOT a part of "using
the set of objective criteria". the
comma before and ", and in
using ..." is incorrect as it makes
the verb "can decide" parallel to
"suggests" instead of "examine".
Mainstream business are
incorrectly compared with the
failure rate
The singular pronoun 'its' does
not agree with the plural
"chambers". "due to" incorrectly
refers to "cleaning and repair"
(the nearest noun phrase). "such
levels so that" is unidiomatic.
Also, this option has a meaning
error. The chambers were not
closed because of moisture but
because of the fact THAT moisture
had raised the humidity to very
high levels.
", and they use …" - the comma
makes this clause parallel to "the
normative model suggests" - not the
intended meaning. If we want to
make it parallel to "examine", the
"comma" and "they" (redundant as
the subject 'executives' is the same)
must be removed.
Mainstream business are incorrectly
compared with the failure rate. "rate
is more than half" - is incorrect. A
"rate" cannot be half. It can only be
a ratio like 50%, 30 miles per hour
etc.
The singular pronoun 'its' does not
agree with the plural "chambers".
The usage of due to is incorrect. Due
to refers to "cleaning and repair".
"would crystallize" and "was
growing" are not parallel. Usage of
"would" is incorrect (as we are not
dealing with a hypothetical scenario
or with future in the past)
Examine and deciding are not
parallel. "deciding on a strategy"
is not a part of "using the set of
objective criteria …". Hence, "in
using …" is incorrect.
Mainstream business are
incorrectly compared with the
failure rate. "where" should refer
to a physical location.
"Would crystallize" and "was
growing" are not parallel. "had
raised" seems to suggest that
this action happened before
tourists were exhaling moisture.
Also, "tourists were exhaling
moisture" is not the cause. The
cause is the fact that moisture
exhaled by tourists had raised
the humidity to very high levels.
"almost expected to double"
implies that it was almost
"expected", but then ultimately
was NOT expected at all. "which"
incorrectly refers to "year".
"almost expected to double" implies "production is expected that
that it was almost "expected", but production will almost double" -
then ultimately was NOT expected at Nonsense.
all. The sentence reads - "production
is almost expected that production
will double" - Nonsense.

Include' should be used instead of Include' should be used instead of CORRECT ANSWER. Parallelism is
'includes' because we are referring 'includes' because we are referring maintained correctly.
to "approaches". "their" is to "approaches".
redundant because removing it
does not change the meaning.

"nearly 99 percent of them
vanishing" is an absolute phrase.
However, this does not make
sense as it has no bearing on HOW
the species "have appeared".
The present pefect form 'have
appeared' should be used instead of
the simple past form 'appeared'. The
living creatures started appearing
sometime in the past and still do.
The present pefect form 'have
appeared' should be used
instead of the simple past form
'appeared'. The living creatures
started appearing sometime in
the past and still do. Usage of
present tense "are vanished" is
incorrect because "vanished" is
an event in the past and
definitely not a CURRENT STATE.
CORRECT ANSWER. Subject and
Verb agree. Correct hypothetical
form 'were' is used.
"if the deal was …" - "were" should
be used as we are dealing with
hypothetical cases. the agreement is
not signed by all of the potential
investors. (the agreement is only
signed by the bank itself and
whichever investor actually goes
through with the contract.). Hence,
"they" is incorrect.
"until + command subjunctive
(be signed)" is incorrect. the
agreement is not signed by all of
the potential investors. (the
agreement is only signed by the
bank itself and whichever
investor actually goes through
with the contract.). Hence,
"they" is incorrect.

The modifer fashioned either ……
of Mathura incorrectly modifies
empire. It should modify 'images'.
"either from spotted sandstone" is
not parallel to "or Gandharan"
The modifer fashioned either …… of
Mathura incorrectly modifies
empire. It should modify 'images'.
'From either …. Or from' is not
parallel.
The modifer "either fashioned
from …" modifies empire. It
should modify 'images'. 'Either
fashioned from … or
Gandharan…' is not parallel

In the form of carbon dioxide' The meaning of this sentence is CORRECT ANSWER. No ambiguity
modifies fungi. This is incorrect. ambigous. It could also mean that in the meaning.
Also, note the lack of parallelism - plants more efficiently acquire
"at acquiring carbon than are carbon than they acquire fungi. 'In
fungi" is not parallel to "converting the form of carbon dioxide' modifies
it to energy …" (the problem is fungi. "at acquiring carbon than
because of the conjunction "than") fungi" is not parallel to "converting it
…"

It seems to imply that the date on It seems to imply that the date on CORRECT ANSWER.
which we knew that humans made which we knew that humans made
stone tools has been pushed back stone tools has been pushed back by
by 150,000 years - absurd. 150,000 years - absurd.
The pronoun 'are' should be used With speeds' is incorrect. At speeds "higher" requires "than", not
instead of 'is' as the subject is the correct usage "as".
'speeds' is plural. "telephone lines
with speeds …" seems to imply
that those lines have speeds.

Often green and striped' Often green and striped' incorrectly Often green and striped'
incorrectly modifies 'round and modifies 'round and red incorrectly modifies 'cousins'. It
red supermarket cousins'. It should supermarket cousins'. It should refer should refer to heirloom
refer to heirloom tomatoes. "only to heirloom tomatoes. "or with …" is tomatoes. "or they have …" -
look less appetizing" and "have not parallel to "only look less …". (It "they" is redundant. "only look
plenty of bumps and bruises" are cannot be parallel to "often green less appetizing" and "have plenty
not logically parallel. The second and striped" because it is separated of bumps and bruises" are not
must be a description of the first. by comma) logically parallel. The second
must be a description of the first.

"it" has no antecedent. "appears +
was" - two verbs side by side.
Incorrect. "evidence of human
ancestors" is not the intended
meaning. Usage of "as" does not
make sense here.
The pronoun 'it' has no
antecedent."appears + had been" -
two verbs stacked side by side.
Incorrect. "stunning evidence" is not
logically parallel to anything.
"appears + was" - two verbs
stacked side by side. The
parallelism implies a nonsense
meaning - "400,000-year-old
wooden spears from what is
stunning evidence …" - Not
logical.

CORRECT ANSWER. Correctly Any curved object is singular. The Ever since' and 'from when' are
modified pronoun 'its' should be used instead redundant together. Also, we do
of 'their' not know when Europeans saw
Dhurag-speaking people as "from
when" does not refer to 1788.
A is horribly redundant. "that"
stands for "length". So, the option
reads - "the length of which is
length of a handheld computer".
"the length of which is that of …"
AND "it weighs less than …" are
not parallel. The first is a modifier
and the second is a clause. "claim
to be" is incorrect - It is used when
the person refers to
himself/herself.
CORRECT ANSWER. Describes
Cause-effect correctly. Uses the
correct present perfect tense 'has
sent'.
"them" has no antecedent. Also,
the initial modifier "Almost like
clones …" should refer to
"cheetahs". Here it refers to
"homogeneity".
"weighing less than 10 ounces" "is as long as …" and "it weighs
absurdly modifies "is as long as a less than 11 ounces" should have
handheld computer" - The been parallel. Using a comma
camcorder's weight has NO bearing before the "and" makes "it
on how long it is. "claim to be" is weighs" parallel to the main
incorrect - It is used when the person clause "the electronic company
refers to himself/herself. has unveiled …". We also do not
need to use "it" to make it
parallel to "is as long as ...".
The verb 'are' should be used instead "which" refers to "plunging" -
of 'is' since 'plunging prices is plural. "plunging resulted from an
"which is" does not agree with oversupply". This is absurd.
"plunging prices". oversupply of "prices have been sent pluging" -
what? sent plunging by what? Also does
not answer this question -
"oversupply of what?"
"its" and "their" both refer to "the "Almost like clones …" should
cheetah species". refer to "cheetahs". Here it
refers to "homogeneity".
"saying that …" refers to EPA's
proposal. It should have referred
to the oil industry
Correct Answer. 'both dating….'
correctly modifies 'The Acoma and general truth here - something that indicate general truths. Hence,
Hopi'.
Has' should be used instead of 'have' CORRECT ANSWER. All pronouns
since proposal is singular. 'It' should used are correct. 'which says'
be used instead of 'they' as 'oil correctly modifies 'oil industry'.
industry' is singular. "both X and Y" -
X and Y must be parallel. Here X =
diesel fuel; Y = engines. (refers to
engines in general). Y should have
been "diesel engines". "and" gives a
list of two or more items with NO
RELATIONSHIP to each other. "and
they say the move will
exacerbate ..." - We have no idea
WHY they say this. (for example - I
was stuck in a traffic jam and was
late for work. We have no idea why I
was late for work.) Putting this part
in a subordinate clause clarifies the
reason.
Note that we are talking about a We need the present tense to
is true today. Hence, we need to say "has dated" is incorrect. "and"
- "both the communities date back introduces a list in which the
at least a 1000 years". If we say items have NO relationship to
"have dated", then it implies that the each other. We need a
communities dated back 1000 years subordinate clause to indicate
in the past and hence date back that "oldest surving
more than 1000 years today. communities" and "dated back
atleast a 1000 years" are related.
"what" is very specific. For CORRECT ANSWER. The sentence basically reads -
example - "What I found on the "both allowed others of the
table" implies everything that I Roosevelt brain trust + Modifier
found on the table. "something I (taking credit …)". Clearly the
found on the table" implies some meaning is nonsense.
of the things, not everything.
"what they had been responsible
for" implies that they were
responsible only for those. they
were not responsible for anything
else.

"those" does not have an Correct Answer. Proper comparison. "tough leaves" are compared to
antecedent. We need to compare "escarole" - Incorrect.
winter greens to escarole.

"while" is used to indicate contrast "while" is used to indicate contrast "in its paying doctors" - the "its"
between things that happen at the between things that happen at the is not required. The sentence
same time. same time. "and" is used to give a list makes perfect sense by removing
of items that have no relationship to "its". Hence, "its" is redundant.
each other. We do not know WHY "but then it proved" - Note that
the company fell months behind in we do not need "it" here. Saying
payment. Using "fell months behind "but then proved" would be the
in its payment" makes the same.
relationship clear.

Changes and remaining are not
parallel. 'Whether or not' is
redundant. We need to use "that"
to refer to objects away from us,
not "this".
Changes and remaining are not Changes and remaining are not
parallel. parallel. 'Whether or not' is
redundant.
The verb 'is' should be used
instead of 'are' because effect is
singular.' To predict' is the right
usage, not 'for predicting'.
The verb 'is' should be used instead CORRECT ANSWER. Subject and
of 'are' because effect is singular.' To verb are in agreement. There is
predict' is the right usage, not 'for no pronoun ambiguity
predicting'. The pronoun 'they' has
no antecendent. "global warming of
ocean white caps" - is not the
intended meaning. Presumably we
are referring to "global warming of
earth's climate".

The past perfect 'had transformed' CORRECT ANSWER. During which The era did not transform the
is incorrect as we are referring to a modifies an era correctly city. The transformation
specific time period. Use simple happened during the era.
past.

The pronoun 'they' should be used The pronoun 'they' should be used in CORRECT ANSWER. Correctly
in place of 'it' to refer to plural place of 'it' to refer to plural 'profits'. uses present perfect. No
'profits'. Usage of past perfect is "had pronoun ambiguity.
increased" is incorrect. We need to
use past tense (the three months are
already over) or present perfect (we
are at the end of three months).

The number of' is singular. Hence, this option nonsensically implies that this implies that "students have
the verb 'has' should be used "many students are growing steadily reached a record high" - Illogical.
instead of 'have'. Similarly, the and reaching a record high".
usage of "are" is incorrect.
If we remove the modifiers the
sentence reduces to Vivian
Thomas, he became. This is
incorrect as the 'he' is redundant.
The sentece basically reads -
"Vivien Thomas in struggling
against overwhelming odds". The
preposition "in" does not make
sense as Vivien Thomas was not
part of "struggling ...".
"such an extraction rate" refers to
"six billion cu.ft/day" - an
extraction rate. So, this option
reads "six billion cu.ft/day allows
six billion cu.ft/day for at least 50
years" - Illogical.
CORRECT ANSWER
This is a sentence fragment as there
is no active verb. The sentece
basically reads - "Vivien Thomas in
struggling against overwhelming
odds". The preposition "in" does not
make sense as Vivien Thomas was
not part of "struggling ...".
CORRECT ANSWER. The modifiers
are correctly structured and placed.
The sentence maintains parallelism.
Simple tenses are used.
The pronoun 'it' should be used
instead of 'them' to refer to
'language'. The modifier "with those
who have tried … finding about
5000" does not make any
sense/have any bearing on with
"because of the difficulty of
distinguishing betweeen a language
and sublangues within it". We need
"but" to indicate contrast.
"Vivien Thomas who he
struggled" - "he" is redundant.
This option is also a sentence
fragment as there is no main
clause.
expect to increase' and then
stabilizing are not parallel. "such
an extraction rate" obviously
refers to "six billion cu.ft/day".
This option then reads "six billion
cu.ft/day with six billion cu.ft/day
allowing …" - Nonsense.
"it" refers to language. "but
those who have tried counting
language(it)" is nonsense.
"those who have tried counting
typically find …" - The present
tense implies a general truth.
(true now, in the past and in the
future). Incorrect. We need
either simple past or present
perfect to indicate something in
the past.
CORRECT ANSWER. Events are
described in chronological order.
Sentence is clear and concise
"ones" is redundant as removing it "those" needs to refer to plural
does not change the meaning. Also, noun. Hence, incorrect. This
this option seems to imply that option changes the meaning by
"most obvious effects" are different stating that "the effects" will
from "extremes of temperature, have the largest impact on
pressure ,…". This option is also "extremes of temparature".
wordy. Note that "those" refers to "extremes of temperature" ARE
effects. The option then reads - "the the effects. "what are" is
effects ... would be effects impacting redundant as removing it does
most on people". A better way to say not change the meaning of the
this is - "the effects ... would have sentence.
the most impact ..."

The pronoun 'their' has no
antecendent. Also, "their" is
redundant as removing it does not
alter the meaning.
This is a sentence fragment. There is
no active verb. "marked" is an
adjective, not a verb. We have to
"was marked" here to indicate
action.
The pronoun 'their' has no
antecendent. Also, it is
redundant as removing it does
not alter the meaning. Also, the
-ing form "using" suggests a
more personal/direct
involvement. Nothing to do so
here. Hence, we need the
impersonal form "use"

The pronoun 'they' should be used
in place
"due to"of 'it' totorefer
refers to rainfall
"ants".
Incorrect usage. " "consider all
their fellows to be a close relative"
- Absurd. It implies that they
consider all other ants to be one
relative.
"Them" doesn't have antecedent CORRECT ANSWER. Note that the
"due to" refers to "the ant". placeholder "it" refers
"it is so genetically to "to-
similar"
Incorrect usage. "considers all their similar to what?
fellows to be a close relative" -
Absurd. It implies that they consider
all other ants to be one relative.
1.Correct Answer Core sentence "Milky way's center" and "many of "Milky way's center" and "many
doesn't have any issue the 100 billion galaxies" are not of the 100 billion galaxies" are
2.Maintains parallelism logically parallel. not logically parallel.

Incorrect usage of 'like' to provide CORRECT ANSWER. Fixes all issues in Incorrect usage of 'like' to
examples. 'Such as' should be option A provide examples. 'Such as'
used. "a large brain and small should be used.
teeth" ARE the features of
hominids. "having them" is not a
feature.

proposals' is incorrectly compared proposals' is incorrectly compared proposals' is incorrectly

with 'administration'.
with 'administration'. This is a compared with 'administration'.
sentence fragment. It has no active This is a sentence fragment.
verb. "including restrictions(those)
for" is unidiomatic. We do not have
restrictions for the sake of
pollutants, but on them.

"with their objectives being to
protect" - Note that states impose
limitations with an objective.
There is no need to say "their"
objective as it is implied. "to
protect taxpayers and the credit
…" is singular and hence one
objective. Hence, plural
"objectives" is incorrect.
Antecedent of 'which' - 'limitations' CORRECT ANSWER. Absolute
is too far removed from it. Continuos modifier is correctly used.
form 'protecting' is not preferred to
'protect' or 'protection'. "protecting
of taxpayers and the credit …" is
singular and hence one objective.
Hence, plural "objectives" is
incorrect.
Overturn' and 'consuming' are not The second clause after the ';' is a The participial modifier
parallel. 'Them' cannot refer to the fragment. It has not active verb. 'Overturning' incorrectly refers to
'moth' as it is singular 'the cutworm moth'.
'overturning' is not parallel to
'they consume'.

appear' and 'making' are not "so that" implies intent. It suggests
parallel. that "burst of smoke would appear"
was done with the intent to "make
an already terrified passenger think
…" - Absurd.
"made" happens after "appear".
Hence, the past tense does not
make sense with future in the
past "would appear". (We cannot
say would made).

The meaning of this sentence is
distorted because of the comma
before the "and". It makes the
clause after "and" parallel to the
main clause "it will have no effect
on ..." It staes that the law will not
be subjected to emissions. "as
stringent as" requires parallelism.
We need to compare emissions to
emissions. However, this
compares "emissions" to a clause -
"they are for diesel-powered-
vehicles".
"those of" - here of implies CORRECT ANSWER. 'Those' for is
possession. Standards do not used correctly. Simple present
"belong" to diesel powered vehicles. 'subject' is used correctly.
The meaning of this sentence is
distorted because of the comma
before the "and". It makes the clause
after "and" parallel to the main
clause "it will have no effect on ..." It
staes that the law will not be
subjected to emissions.

directed' , 'use' and 'study' are not directed' , 'using' and 'studied' are CORRECT ANSWER. 'Studied',
parallel. not parallel. 'Used' and 'Directed' are parallel.
CORRECT ANSWER. 'Patterns' and Plural 'have' cannot refer to singular Distorts the meaning. Suggests
'causes' are parallel.
'picture' that a reasonably clear picture
emerged of "ocean currents".
The intended meaning is
"emerged of patterns of ocean
currents". "their patterns and the
causes
of them" - "of them" is
redundant as "their" already
implies it.

"deliberately imitating …" and "deliberately imitating …" and "jazz Use of like is incorrect. Like
"jazz singer" should have modified singer" should have modified "Billie should be followed by a noun or
"Billie Holiday", not his approach. Holiday", not his approach. "ranging" noun phrase only. "ranging" and
and "recomposed" are not parallel. "recomposed" are not parallel.

Singlular 'design' should be Singlular 'design' should be "allows for it" - the "for" can be
referenced by singular 'allows' not referenced by singular 'allows' not removed without affecting the
plural 'allow'. "allow that" is plural 'allow'. meaning. Hence, redundant.
unidiomatic. Plain "such that" is "and that" is not parallel to
also unidiomatic. We need to say anything.
"such + adjective + that".

It' doesn't have clear antecedent. "when drains on money supply they revealed' and 'precipitating' are
"when drains on money supply it precipitated …" is a sentence not parallel
precipitated …" is a sentence fragment.
fragment.
The singlular pronoun 'that' has no CORRECT ANSWER Those' is more consise than
antecedent as 'reasons' is plural. 'what was'. Since 'reasons' is
multiple, 'were should be used'.
Note that there ARE two reasons
given after the colon.

"so" is used to indicate an effect. "but" requires parallelism. "without Correct Answer.
"the flow does not overload" is not overloading" is not parallel to
an effect of "achieving a constant anything. Also, note that we can
flow of power". "but" indicates a safely remove "but" without any
contrast. "achieving a constant meaning distortion. Hence,
flow" and "flow does not redunant.
overload" are similar, not
contrasting ideas.

"they had spent nearly six hours a CORRECT ANSWER. It states that "spent by whom?" "on what?"
week" spent doing what? Not they average figure increased. Note that subordinate clauses at
clear. the end of a main clause are not
separated by commas. Hence,
"comma + whereas" is incorrect.

"sales of one-fourth of its stores
are poor" implies that this is still
true and "they will be closed"
implies that the action has not yet
taken place. We need the tenses
"was" and "would". "sales of up to
1/4th of its stores" is absurd as we
can definitely say whether a store
is performing well or not. The
indefinite "up to" does not make
any sense. "sales of up to 1/4th of
its stores" implies that 1/4th of its
stores are on sale.
"it is closing up to one fourth of its CORRECT ANSWER. Correct
stores" - this announcement was usage of 'because of'. Removes
made in the past. Hence, we need all ambiguity.
the past tense "was closing" instead
of "is closing". This suggests that any
combination "1/4th of stores"
accounted for bad sales. (because
"which" is a non-essential modifier).
"1/4 th of its stores accounted for its
poor sales" implies that 3/4th of its
stores accounted for exactly 0.
The sentence is essentially The sentence is essentially CORRECT ANSWER. Removes
meaningless. "there was one third meaningless. "there was one third of ambiguity.
of mothers with young children + mothers with young children +
Modifier". If we rewrite this we get Modifier". If we rewrite this we get -
- "one third of mothers with young "one third of mothers with young
children were there". Also, children were there". Also, 'those' in
singular 'was' cannot refer to the second part of the sentence
plural 'one-third of mothers'. incorrectly refer to mothers in 1975.
'Those' in the second part of the This distorts the meaning of the
sentence incorrectly refer to sentence. Furthermore, "who
mothers in 1975. This distorts the worked outside home in 1975" refers
meaning of the sentence. to "young children".
Furthermore, "working outside
home in 1975" refers to "young
children".

"equally likely as" is unidiomatic. "equally likely as" is unidiomatic. "equally likely as" is unidiomatic

Prevented' refers to immediate Prevented' refers to immediately Correct Answer. Uses an

preceding Noun which is
'Distances'. Also, "as a result of"
implies indirect causation. i.e. the
boundaries are not directly
responsible for preventing
dissipation. Not the intended
meaning.
preceding Noun which is 'distances'. absolute phrase as a modifier.
"prevented from X". X = having its
acoustic energy dissipated by
boundaries. it seems as if boundaries
actually dissipate energy and
sentence talks about preventing
that.

So that' is used to specify intent.
"troubles" were not intended to
create "several attempts to revise
corporate strategies". "it" does
not have an antecedent
So that' is used to specify intent.
"troubles" were not intended to
create "several attempts to revise
corporate strategies". "have failed to
correct" - Correct what?
in that' implies in only this way.
"present troubles are result of
technological stagnation … in
only this way" "this way" =
"several attempts … have failed".
This is illogical.
Note that "which is being" is
redundant. Removing it does not
affect the meaning of the
sentence. "twice as much as
amount Y" is inferior to "twice the
amount Y".
Singlular 'quality' needs singular
'suprasses' and singular 'that'.
"when regarded" implies that it
surpasses the quality of other
pieces ONLY WHEN it is regarded
in terms of variety of shapes
represented, NOT AT OTHER
TIMES.
Correct Answer. Uses simple
future 'will enable'. No ambiguity. "them" seems to refer to
"X as much as Y" requires
parallelism between X and Y. "is
emitted by …" is not parallel to the
modifier "emitted annually by …".
The construction also seems to be
redundant - "the amount emitted
annually is twice as much annually
as…". "compared + twice as much" is
redundant.
"those" = "pieces". This sentence
seems to say "quality" surpasses
pieces. Incorrect comparison. "not
only to variety of shapes but also in
terms of decorative techniques" is
not parallel.
"ever more and more" is incorrect.
"scientists". "scientists are hoping to
enable scientists" is nonsense.
"as much as" is the correct
idiom. "what is emitted by all
motor vehicles" implies
everything emitted by them,
not just pollutants. Not the
intended meaning. Also, this
seems to compare the amount
of pollutants to the pollutants
themselves. Improper
comparison.
Singlular 'quality' needs singular
'suprasses' not plural 'surpass'.
"not only regarding" is not
parallel to "but also in terms of".
To make' is superior to 'for
making'. "and" is used to
introduce a list of two things that
are not related. "NEAR spacecraft
will orbit the asteroid …" and
"scientists hope that they will be
able to …" are related ideas.
Hence, it is inappropriate to
connect them with "and".
"clues of determining" is
unidiomatic. "in addition to how"
seems to refer to the previous
clause "could provide important
clues …". Also, note that "how"
should be accorded the same
importance as "when". Using an
additive phrase "in addition to"
lowers its priority.
"which" refers to "four cents an
acre". "that" cannot refer to an
entire clause. "in the Louisiana
purchase" implies that US was in
the purchase.
The participial modifier 'having'
incorrectly modifies "the Swiss
Government".
"clues in determination of how and Less concise than E.
when" seems to imply that
"determination of how and when .."
has clues.
"more than doubling" and "it CORRECT ANSWER. Modifier
brought" are not parallel. (there is correctly placed and structured.
no comma to indicate that it is 'Doubling' and 'bringing' are
parallel to the main clause - the US parallel.
acquired 828,000 miles). "more than
doubling .." seems to refer to "for
about 4 cents an acre" because there
is no comma that separates this
prepositional phrase from the
subject - "the US".
"Swiss Government commissioned", CORRECT ANSWER. Parallelism is
"they were decorated", and "set maintained.
them up" are not parallel. "they
were decorated by local artists" - the
Swiss government's involvement in
the decoration is not clear.
Would rob' and 'to make' are not
parallel. 'which' incorrectly refers
to Apalachicola Bay. We need the
future tense "will" to talk about
predictions about the future.
"would" is incorrect. "decrease in
size" is not parallel to "less
distinctive" and "less in demand".
The last two are adjectives. The
first seems to be an action noun.
"substantial supplies of coal" is
plural. "there were substantial
supplies of coal that were
exported" is essentially a
meaningless sentence. It implies
that "substantial supplies of coal
that were exported were there" -
There where? Moreover this is not
the intended meaning. Intended
meaning is "substantial supplies of
coal were exported".
Singular 'it' should be replaced by "alter the saline content" and
plural 'them' to refer to 'increasing "rob the oysters there of their
demands'. "would rob" and "would flavor" are connected by an
make" are connected only by a "and". "and" introduces a list of
comma. We need an "and" to items that have no relationship
connect them. Placing "alter the to each other. However, "rob the
saline content" and "rob them of oysters there of their flavor" is
their flavor" in parallel using "and" clearly an effect of "alter the
suggests that these are two saline content". Hence, it must
independent things. However, be a modifier. Also, "making
clearly the latter is an effect of the them decrease in size" has no
former. "and it would rob" - Note bearing on the main clause "rob
that the usage of "it" is not them of their flavor". "decrease
necessary. Stating "and would rob" is in size" is not parallel to "less
sufficient. We need the future tense distinctive" and "less in
"will" to talk about predictions about demand". The last two are
the future. "would" is incorrect. adjectives. The first seems to be
an action noun.
"once canals and eventually railroads the past perfect "had been"
+ Modifier" - this does not specify an changes the logical order of
action like A does. Also, "once canals events. Hence, incorrect. Also,
and eventually railroads + Modifier" the modifier "with canals and
actually acts as a modifier. There is eventually railroads …" has no
nothing which it can attach to. bearing on/relationship to the
"there were substantial supplies of main clause "there had been
coal that were exported" is substantial supplies of coal +
essentially a meaningless sentence. Modifier". Furthermore, "there
It implies that "substantial supplies had been substantial supplies of
of coal that were exported were coal + Modifier" is a meaningless
there" - There where?. "having sentence. It simply means
been" implies a prior past action. "substantial supplies of coal
"having been exported ..." is one exported to nation's mills were
action. What happens next? Not there".
clear.
Correct Answer. "when placing them …" should "locusts, they become excited …"
modify people, not locusts. "when + is redundant.
then" is redundant.

"unlikely in pursuing" is "with federal prosecutors who were The usage of "while" is incorrect
unidiomatic. "being" is redundant unlikely to pursue criminal as there is no contrast between
as removing it does not change the offenders" has no bearing on HOW the clauses.
meaning. "federal prosecutors "copyright infringement was a mere
unlikely in …" is an absolute misdemeanor charge". Also, the
modifier (formed by removing the modifier "offenders being subject to
verb "were"). This modifier does minor penalties" has no bearing on
not make sense as it does not HOW "prosecutors were unlikely to
describe HOW "copyright pursue criminal offenders".
infringement was a mere
misdemeanor charge". The usage
of "while" is incorrect as there is
no contrast between the clauses.
Correct Answer. "but" requires parallelism. "but with
the total catch …" is not parallel to
anything. Also, the phrase after
"but" does not have a verb. Hence, a
sentence fragment.
We are referring to a specific
time period - "in 1989". Use only
simple past in such cases. Past
perfect "had peaked" is
incorrect. Semicolon connects
two independent clauses. The
right hand side of the semicolon
is not a clause.

Sentence fragment. "introduction CORRECT ANSWER. Parallelism is Sentence fragment.

of enclosed fields, of new farming maintained.
techniques and crops, and the
substitution" are not parallel.
Large bones' are not known to be "as from prehistoric animals" - as CORRECT ANSWER. Absolute
prehistoric animals. This distorts what from prehistoric animals? Not modifier is correctly used.
the meaning of the sentence. clear. "presently known" is a past
participle modifier and refers to the
nearest noun "caves of Europe".
Illogical. In addition, "known as" is
used to refer to aliases or
conceptions of people. He is known
as Hercules/He was known as a
salesman but he was also a physicist.
"known as" does not make sense.

Plural 'include' should be used to
refer to plural 'instructions'.
"which" incorrectly refers to
"check's authenticity".
"which" incorrectly refers to "check's "instructions that company
authenticity". 'for watching' , 'to hopes will help merchants
compare' and 'view' are not parallel. confirm the check's authenticity,
by including reminders for
watching the endorsement …" -
"by including …" seems to refer
to the company. Not clear where
the reminders will be included.
The sentence is illogical. Comma + The sentence is illogical. Comma + "advocates women's equal
-ing modifiers should describe the -ing modifiers should describe the political and legal rights" and "for
previous clause. This suggests that previous clause. This suggests that changes" are not parallel.
"arguing in a treatise (seems to be "arguing in a treatise (seems to be
different from Discourse on different from Discourse on Women)
Women) for women …" was HOW …" was HOW she published her
she published her "Discourse on "Discourse on Women". "a
Women". "a treatise ... for women treatise ... for equal political rights ...
... and for changes" does not bring and for changes" does not bring out
out the meaning clearly. We need the meaning clearly. It might suggest
to say something like "advocating it talked about those issues but did
for women to have equal rights not advocate them. We need to say
and for changes". something like "advocating for equal
rights and for changes".

"with the formalities, expenses,
and impersonalities of hotels"
does not make sense with
"sleeping in tents allowed them to
enjoy nature close at hand".
this sentence reads "with none of X, Parallelism required with the
nor Y" - parallelism with "nor" co-ordinating conjunction
implies this - "with none of X, nor makes this sentence incorrect.
with none of Y". Incorrect. Also, The structure implied is this -
note that "nor" connects a negative "without the restrictions …nor
idea to a positive one. For example without the formalities …"
- She did not attend the wedding nor
did she attend the house warming
party. Also, note that "passenger
trains, railroad timetables" should be
connected by an a"and" to indicate
parallelism.

"if recognized and applied"
illogically refers to students.
"that" should have been placed
immediately after "and" to
maintain proper parallelism.
However, because of parallelism,
this construction is redundant -
"and that if these skills are
recognized and applied, that
students ..." "if these skills are
recognized and applied" - recognized
and applied by whom? Not clear.
"that" should have been placed
immediately after "and" to
maintain proper parallelism.
However, because of
parallelism, this construction is
redundant - "and that if
students recognize and apply
them, that students ..."
CORRECT ANSWER. 'Because' is
used correctly. Parallelism is
maintained.
"ability of reproducing" is
unidiomatic. 'They' does not have a
clear antecedent as species' is a
possessive noun. "because + thus" is
redundant.
"because + so" is redundant.
"reproduce yearly several times"-
suggests that they reproduce
once a year, but do so over
several years. Not the intended
meaning. "produce offspring in
large numbers" implies "large
numbers of insects" produce
offspring. "along with [= together
with]" does not make sense here.
It suggests insect species along
with producing offspring (= insect
species and producing offspring)
can reproduce several times
yearly. Note that we cannot use
it in the same way as "in addition
to/as well as" (check problem
#296)

The pronoun 'they' has no CORRECT ANSWER. Pronoun issue of The pronoun 'that' has no
antecendent. option A is resolved. antecedent.

Each' is a singular,so has to be Each' is a singular,so has to be "which" must be followed by a

followed by Singular verb 'its'
and not 'their'. Note also that
"each" cannot refer to "Sun and
all other planets" because the
phrase mentioned in the
question is - "of the Sun and of all
other planets".
followed by Singular verb 'its' and clause.
not 'their'. "each" cannot refer to
"Sun and all other planets" because
the phrase mentioned in the
question is - "of the Sun and of all
other planets".
Correct Answer
The singular verb 'is' should be
used to refer to the singular
subject ' construction'. We use the
simple present to talk about
general truths. Hence, "are
enabling" is incorrect.
The modifier "possibly causing …"
has no bearing on HOW they are
being studied for their potential as
huge reservoirs of energy.
A number of' is plural. Hence,'are'
and not 'is' should be used. "may not
only broaden" and "but also may
show" are not parallel.
"that the ultrathin that also enables
…". Note that "that" must be
followed by a clause. The first "that"
is not.
The modifier "possibly causing …"
has no bearing on HOW they are
being studied for their potential as
huge reservoirs of energy.
Parallelism dictates that the part
after "and" is this - "potential to be
even as significant contributors to
global warming". Incorrect.
The past perfect 'had been' is
wrong. What did the scientists
think? "such conditions are
hostile". Note that the tenses of
both "are hostile" and "think"
happen in the same time frame.
Hence, past perfect is incorrect.
"not only X but also Y" requires
parallelism between X and Y. so,
the verb "may" applies to both X
and Y. "may shows" - incorrect.
"capable to adapt" is
unidiomatic.
The modifier "enabling the
butterfly to control how heat
energy is absorbed and reflected
away" does not make sense with
the main clause "makes them
shimmer via iridiscence" as the
modifier has no bearing on HOW
it makes butterflies shimmer.
The modifier "possibly causing
…" has no bearing on HOW they
are being studied for their
potential as huge reservoirs of
energy.
They' doesn't have clear Seems to imply that a "bouquet" CORRECT ANSWER.
antecedent. was picked from the garden.
Illogical. Flowers were picked and
then arranged in a bouquet. "as" is
used in the same sense as
"while/at the same time as" -
"spoken at the same time as a
bouquet of roses had been just
picked" - does not make sense
because "had been" suggests a prior
action, not at the same time.

Singular 'it' cannot refer to
'caribou'. The non-underlined
portion says "caribou are".
"stalking them …" and "getting
close enough to …" should be
connected by an "and".
CORRECT ANSWER. Note that the
infinitive "to stalk them over the
treeless landscape and to get close
enough to kill one" is the subject of
the second clause.
"in order to stalk them over the
treeless landscape ... required
exceptional hunting skill" is not a
sentence. "in order to" functions
as a modifier. It cannot function
as a subject, the way an infinitive
does.

We do not use present continuous We do not use present continuous to "tending", "gathering",
to talk about general truths. talk about general truths. "in that" "building the nest" and "by
'tending', 'gathering', 'building' and implies ONLY in this way. It suggests battling" are not parallel.
'they battle' are not parallel. that they serve the colony in only
the four ways mentioned. Not the
intended meaning.

"unqualifying" is not a word.
"unqualifying" is not a word. "are CORRECT ANSWER. Use of
consistently receiving" suggests that present perfect tense is correct.
this action - "receiving support" - is 'Unqualified support' is correct.
happening right now. "have
consistently received" implies that
this has been the case previously and
has an impact on the present. Not
the same thing.
The modifier "by the same
techniques …" does not make
sense. It suggests that
"researchers have been able to
increase the amount of protein by
the same techniques …" -
Incorrect. We need to say "by
using the same techniques.
"the same techniques" - Which same
techniques? Not clear. In A, "the
same techniques" refers to
"techniques used for genetically
enhancing plants"
Correctly uses parallelism, also
stating with -ing, is perfectly
modifying what Researches have
done.

Correct. Proper usage of modifers. "of which there are 200000 of that "magnetic fields, they can
type" - redundant. "and which" - this interfere with pacemakers" -
which refers to "surveillance system" Incorrect.
whereas it should have referred to
"magnetic fields". This is so because
the parallel construction "of which"
refers to "surveillance system".
Furthermore, parallelism dicates that
"of" is implied for "and which". So,
the sentence reads - "and of which
can interfere with pacemakers" -
Incorrect.
"determine that" is used for
definite things. Here, we have a
choice between two things. We
need to use "whether". "balloon
angioplasty preceded with
ultrasound was or was not any
better for heart attack patients …"
- Since, we are talking about
general truths, we need to use the
simple present. Using simple past
suggests that the results - say,
balloon angioplasty was better - Correctly uses "needed to" and
are no longer valid. "whether or not" is redundant. "preeceded by".

The shang are referred to as

Incorrect usage of modifiers. "The Incorrect usage of modifiers. "The "they" in the non underlined
Shang" is to be modifeid and not Shang" is to be modifeid and not the portion, hence should be plural.
the the first literate culture. the first literate culture. Hence, "is well known" is wrong.

Individuals of one genetic

composition are compared with
INDIVIDUALS of another genetic
composition. Hence should be Here, people are compared with Here, people are compared with
plural, "that" is wrong, and should genetic composition. Hence is genetic composition. Hence is
be "those". wrong. wrong.

"excited with" is unidiomatic. The

sentence essentially reads -
"Nikola Tesla, he predicted in the "prospects + was exciting" -
mid …" - Incorrect. Incorrect. Correct answer.

Parallel
"stigmatized selfishness" cannot
be parallel to a clause "voluntary
cooperation was encouraged as
well".
"will keep, and protect, and
increase" - two "and"s are not The three things - "keep, protect,
required. "to obtain" does not make and increase" are parallel ideas
sense here. Try to flip the subject. and hence need to have the
For example - to tell the truth would same structure. "having obtained
be ungrateful/It would be ungrateful an investment grade rating" is a
to tell the truth. Both make sense. modifier and suggests a prior
The placeholder "it" refers to "to tell action. It does not refer to
the truth". Note that we have kept anything here nor is there an
the verb phrase (predicate part) the indication of following action.
same and replaced the subject with Hence, this is a sentence
the placeholder "it". Here, the fipped fragment. "in keeping the
sentence would be - It will keep the country's borrowing costs low"
country's borrowing costs low to does not make sense with
obtain an investment grade rating. "having obtained an investment
Does not make sense. grade rating".
"both X and Y" is the proper form.
"both X but also Y" is incorrect.
"encouraging voluntary cooperation"
does not make sense when used
with the clause "instincts stigmatized
selfishness". "stigmatizing
selfishness" and "encouraging
cooperation" are two separate
things. Hence, they must be placed "encouraging" is not parallel to
in parallel. "stigmatized".

"they" refers to two different
things in the sentence. The first
refers to "robots", the second
refers to "researchers". "primarily"
is an adverb and hence cannot
refer to the noun "goal".
comma + - ing forms indicate
contemporary action. Hence, "then +
-ing" is incorrect. Moreover, "then
responding to them" has no bearing
on HOW "robots can identify facial
expressions". The semicolon is not
followed by a clause. Incorrect. Correct
 "so" when used as a conjunction
"possibility of feeding the continent, must be followed by a clause.
even of other parts of the world". Hence, usage here is incorrect.
"the continent, even other parts of Parallelism in appositive phrases Also, "so" indicates "effect". This
the world" - Absurd. "the dicates that the sentence imply this - sentence does not have a cause
continent is not the same as even "possibility even of other parts of the and effect situation. "could +
other parts of the world world". possibly" is redundant.

borrowing is not parallel to solar "she" does not have a referent.

Not a sentence. "she" does not imagery and Judeo Christian thought "which" incorrectly refers to
have a referent. and figures. "ancient classicism".

Nigeria is singular, they can not be

used. "that were" seems to be Nigeria is singular, they can not be
redundant as removing it does not used. "three regions that was based" Nigeria is singular, they can not
affect the meaning. - Incorrect, SVA error. be used

"Polio, it continues …" is incorrect.

Moreover, "although it is
eradicated …" - we can remove the "still continuing elsewhere" and
"it is" without altering the "could be brought into the US"
meaning. Hence, redundant. "Polio, it continues …" is incorrect. are not contrasting ideas.

"for finding …" not parallel to "for "to find", "for defense", and
"to find" and "for communicating" communication". "defend" is not "communication …" are not
are not parallel. parallel to "finding and attacking". parallel.

"style and his choices of subject"

are plural. Also, "in his own time"
refers to the past(As distinct
from "our time"). Usage of
SVA. Plural should be used Correct present perfect is not correct.

Bad parallelism. The basic
structure is this - "do not have X or All FANBOYS conjunctions except is because we CANNOT say
likely to have X". We cannot say
"do not likely to have X".
"with an awareness that there are
connotations …" suggests that the
companies knew that such
connotations exist but are not
aware of the details. "awareness
of the connotations" implies they
know what those connotations are
and mean. Because "there" implies
something exists. "there are
connations" = "connotations
exist". Hence, the sentence =
"awareness that connotations
exist". Incorrect.
We do not use a comma to
connect phrases with a
conjunction. ",or are likely to
have". Bad parallelism suggests
that the second idea is positive.
"many schools [do not have] OR
[are likely to have] computers"
--> Many schools are likelyto
have computers. Incorrect. This
"and", "or", and "but" connect two "many schools do not are
independent clauses. likely ..."
"awareness of numbers 1 and 2 +
Modifier (having connotations"
"connotations (that) they are aware changes the meaning. Also,
of" - the modifier ends with a implies that there are some
preposition. Incorrect. It is better to types of numbers 1 and 2 that
write "connotations of which they have connotations and thus
are aware". some that do not. Illogical.
 "when" suggests that
"examined" and "applied"
occurred in the same time
frame. No other relationship is
mentioned. However, "applying
the method" was HOW
"scientists who determined …" scientists "examined". This is
(scientists + clause) seems to made clear in option E.
suggest that the examination of "determining that their diets
molars was done by a group of were more varied ..." - this does
scientists; Which scientists? By not occur in the same time frame
scientists who had already as the clause which it modifies -
determined that the diets of pre "examined". Both in simple past.
"to examine and determining" is human ancestors were more varied. Incorrect. If this is not clear, look
not parallel. "allows scientists to Illogical. We can write this in active at it this way. -ing modifiers are
determine that their diets were voice to make it more clear - derived from sentences by
more varied …" - Unacceptable "Scientists who determined that converting the verbs to
meaning. This suggests that the diets of pre humans were more participles. Hence, the modifier
scientists already knew that the varied examined the pre molars". basically states - "Scientists
diets of pre historic humans were Another thing wrong is -"through the determined that the diets of pre
more varied and now are just application" must refer to a people human ancestors were more
working on the mechanics to show who performed the application, not varied." Sequence of events not
it via experimental results. to molars. clear.

"for both college-and for graduate-

level courses" Not parallel. Option B
basically reads - "for a large number
of faculty members who began
questioning whether …, 1998 was
also a year" - Not clear when they
began questioning. We need a
"when" to make that clear. "year for
"both at the college and graduate people" -kind of suggests that it
level" - Not parallel. wasn't a year for others.
"both for college and graduate
courses" Not parallel. We are
referring to a specific time -
"1998". Usage of "had begun" is
incorrect. " both for college and
graduate courses in 1998" seems
to suggest that the promotion
was done only for courses taught
in 1998.

"whereas" indicates a contrast.
The two clauses reinforce each
other, not contrast.
Correct. Stress paterns that girls
experience is to be compared with "what boys experience" implies
stress patterns that boys
experience.
"not X but Y" requires perfect
parallelism between X and Y.
"which" incorrectly refers to
"profit".
"scientists who cannot
determine …"(this seems to
imply that there are some who
Correct. This is the correlative cannot determine and hence
conjunction used - "just as X, so (too) there are OTHERS WHO CAN).
Y". "like + so" is unidiomatic.
let us look at the parallel
structures - "the patterns of
stress that girls experience are
more likely to result in
depression than boy's experience
would [result]". (We cannot say
"than would likely to result").
Illogical because we are
comparing probability (on the
LHS) to an action on the RHS. In
addition, incorrect comparison
between "stress patterns" and
"boy's experience". Usage of
"would" is incorrect as we are
EVERYTHING that boys experience, not talking about a
not just stress. Incorrect comparison. hypothetical/unlikely scenario.
"not X but Y" requires perfect Correctly uses parallelisma
parallelism between X and Y. ndmodifiers
"rate of entrepreneurship" is
compared to "immigrant group".
"mideast immigrants" is incorrect.
We do not say for example -
"Middleeast immigrants".
"rate of entrepreneurship" is
compared to "immigrant group".
"mideast immigrants" is incorrect.
We do not say for example -
"Middleeast immigrants". Correct.

"distantly related to" is an

adjective whereas "closely
"bones + has" is incorrect. "and resembled" is an adverb. They
Correct Answer.. with" is not parallel to anything. cannot be put in parallel.

Misplaced Modifier. "they" refers Misplaced modifier. "they" refers to "with high wheels" is not parallel
to two different things in the two different things in the same to "and had a floor". In addition,
sentence. sentence. this sentence is a fragment.

"to extract their flavor" - should

refer to a person. Here, it refers to
"saffron threads". "after pounding "after being pounded …" seems
"It" is wrong. Saffron Threads is with a mortar and pestle" - After to refer to the speaker of the
plural. pounding what? Not clear. sentence.

"it" refers to "market for paper".

Incorrect. "all" includes "market
for paper". We need to say "all "it" refers to "paper production".
other". Correct. Illogical.

"either X or Y" requires perfect
parallelism between X and Y. This
is violated here. "propagated by "either X or Y" requires perfect
seeds"(a modifier) is not parallel to parallelism between X and Y. This is way?" Option D answers this by
"thrives in …" (a verb).
Repeating the subject is not
necessary. "that it comprises" -
"that it" is redundant. It can be
dropped without change in
meaning.
"continuous" is not parallel to
"consisted of individual …". The
first is an adjective whereas
"consisted …" is a verb. To see why
it is a verb write the sentence -
"noise consisted of individual
bursts …" - "noise" is the subject
and "consisted" is the verb.
"either X or Y" requires perfect
parallelism between X and Y. This
is violated here. "so that" does
not make sense here. "plant beds
were designed so that they
produce transplants" - does not
answer the question "What kind
of design/ designed in what
violated here. stating "designed to produce".
"the human mind, it" is incorrect.
"instead of" suggests a
replacement. Suggests that "a
blank state" is a replacement for
Correct. "human mind". Nonsense.
"but" requires parallelism.
"found the noise not to be
continuous but [found the noise
to be] consisted of indiviudal
bursts …". Illogical. Moreover, "to
be" is redundant as removing it
does not change the meaning of
Correct the sentence.

"is harboring" is not an
appropriate tense to convey
general truths. Use simple present. means any number. It means "<=3 or
"as much + than" is unidiomatic. >3 times as much water".
Correct answer. "the removal" is
parallel to "the clearing".
Correct
"more likely as" is unidiomatic.
"more" should be used along with
"than". "up to three times as much
water or more" is nonsense as it
Correct.
"removing" (a simple gerund) can
not parallel to "the clearing". "the
clearing" (a complex gerund) can be "resulting from" modifies "the
parallel to an action noun such as cotton tail rabbit population".
"removal". Illogical.
"18 gas spheres [that are] estimated
to be 5 to 15 times Jupiter's mass" -
this suggests that "gas spheres" are
mass. Incorrect. "solar system's "having detected" implies that
largest planet" modifies "Jupiter's "detection" happened before "is
mass". Illogical. working". Illogical.
"they" refers to "college
educated women and women
living in the South and West".
This sentence then
distorts/makes the meaning
illogical - "than if they are in the
"they" refers to "college educated Northeast or Midwest". "have
women and women living in the shown college-educated women
South and West". This sentence then and those living in the South and
distorts/makes the meaning illogical West + Modifier" - this suggests
- "than if they are in the Northeast or that the study shows "women".
Midwest". Illogical.
Parallelism dictates this structure -
"found amoxicillin as causing
fewer side effects" - Unidiomatic.
The basic structure implied is
"they found amoxicillin as being
effective" -here Again "as effective compared" is
unidiomatic. "found X as Verb-ing" unidiomatic. "and with …" is not "and that …" is not parallel to
is unidiomatic. parallel to anything. anything else.

We require a '--' to indicate the

"this" cannot be used independently. end of the content within the
"has represented" is not an dash. "and it .." is therefore a
Parallel and hence is the correct appropriate tense to use for general part of the content within the
answer truths. dash. Incorrect.

"they" seems to refer to "many "they are thus preferred by many

audiophiles …". This option says
that "audiophiles prefer the tones
produced by vaccuum tube
amplifiers". Not the intended
meaning. We do not know
whether they prefer those
amplifiers or not. The option
should have said "they prefer
vaccuum tube amplifiers".
audiophiles and audio
"they" seems to refer to "many professionals" does not contrast
audiophiles …". Changes the this "they are more
meaning from "they prefer" to "they temperamental and far more
think such amplifiers are preferable". expensive than transistor-driven
Not the same thing. But we are not amplifiers". Audiophiles are not
sure what audiophiles prefer. "think" average consumers. They do
must be followed by "that" to prefer things that are expensive
indicate a clause. and niche.

"has prompted many scientists +

Modifier" Does not make it clear as
Not a complete sentence. "having to prompted them to do what?
prompted" refers to a prior action. "both working in the field and in
What action follows this? Not laboratories" - Not parallel. "both
clear. For ex - having watched the the complexity …" is plural. Usage of
movie, I went to the restaurant. the singular verb "has" is incorrect. Correct

"the number of chirps" is singular.
We need to say "rises and falls".
"they" is also incorrect here.
the usage of "which" is incorrect.
"the number of chirps" is
singular. We need to say "rises
and falls". Convert the modifier
into a sentence and check if it
makes sense - "the number of
chirps in fact possibly serves as
an approximate thermometer" -
suggests we are not sure
whether it servers as an
approximate thermometer. Not
the intended meaning.
Moreover, when we say "in fact"
we are sure of what the facts
are. "possibly" then does not
make sense. "in attracting" does
not make sense as "usage of
chirps" is not a component of
"attraction of females".

"having gone virtually unregulated

…" refers to "industrialization".
Industrialization was not
developed 50 years ago. It should
have referred to 100,000
dangerous chemical pollutants.
Also, this modifier "having gone"
does not make sense because it
indicates a prior action between
two things. However, "have gone
unregulated since they were
developed" and "have released
[since they were developed]"
should both happen at the same
time. Moreover, "having gone
virtually unregulated" should
either be an effect or description
of the main clause. It is neither. It
is actually a cause. Correct answer. "which" refers to "same time".
"their" cannot refer to "trout" as it
is an adjective. (It is not a
possessive noun either). "cutting
back …on the part of some states" "trout stocking be cut back" is
"even their being removed …" - "cutting back …" is not parallel to not parallel to "they even
removed by whom? "even that …". remove the trout …".

"when referring …" does not make

sense. "people use rope when
climbing" - this implies that people
use ropes when they are climbing.
But we do not know for what
purpose the rope is used. We need
to say "people use rope to climb".
Similary here, we do not know
WHY they use the term "pig". We what does "the US term" mean? Not
only know when they use it. clear. Correct

"fairy tales, which his plays, novels,

poems, and travel books, as well as
several autobiographies remain
the sentence reads "Hans wrote almost unknown" - "which" "even as" does not indicate
fairy tales while he wrote plays, incorrectly refers to "fairly tales". contrast but is used indicate
poems …" - Not contrasting ideas. Does not make sense. simultaneity.

Correct. Uses parallel structures

"greater" requires "than", not "as". "more" requires "than", not "as to". with "than".

"either X or Y" requires perfect
parallelism. "warmer than usually"
- comparing "warmer" (an
adjective) to "usually" (an adverb). parallelism.
Correct answer.
Note that we need both "finishing"
and "having earned" in the same
time frame. "finishing" takes the
same time frame as "increased",
which happens in "the last three
years of the decade". However,
the perfect participle "having
earned" happens one tense before
"increased". so, it is equivalent to
"had earned". Incorrect.
Furthermore, "up to 86.5%"
implies any number less than
86.5%. this makes the meaning of Also, this option is a sentence
the sentence illogical.
"either X or Y" requires perfect
"like" is not used to give examples.
"it" cannot refer to "synthetic
fertilizers".
"increasing + rising" is redundant.
fragment.
"either X or Y" requires perfect
parallelism. Not parallel.
"because of either the ground +
modifier" - distorts the meaning.
Suggests it is because of the
ground.
Run-on sentence. The basic
structure is this - "whereas +
clause, if + clause + main
clause". "and if used as
substitutions for more
traditional fertilizers, they may
accelerate …" - the comma
suggests that "and" is not
attached to the main clause
"they may accelerate ..." but to
the "if" clause. Incorrect as there
is nothing in parallel to "and if
used ...".
"increased + rose" is redundant.
"having finished" seems to occur
before the increase in
percentage happened. Not
correct as we are referring
specifically to the increase in the
last three years of the decade.
 "a squirrel was said that it could .."
implies that somebody said a
Correct answer. squirrel. Nonsense.
The part before "because" is not a
sentence, making this a sentence
Correct answer. fragment.
"in the two ears + Modifier" -
changes the meaning. We are not
looking at differences in the two
Correct answer. ears.
"for a squirrel to be said" -is
again nonsense.
"The Swedish warship Vasa and
preserved in the cold water of
Stockholm harbor" - Not parallel.
Also, this seems to function as an
appositive to "the low salinity" -
Illogical.
"differences + helps" is incorrect.
"in determining" is incorrect as
"subtle differences" are not part
of the determination itself, but
help the listeners to determine
the quality of the sound. (part of
determination presumably
involves calculations in the brain
etc. etc.)

"people of Middle eastern
descent" are compared to "the
national average" - Incorrect.
"twice as likely that" is
unidiomatic. We need the
infinitive "to be". "people of
Middle eastern descent" are
compared to "the national
average" - Incorrect. Usage of
"would" does not make sense as
we are not talking about future
in the past or a hypothetical
Correct answer case.

"with" does not indicate a

Unidiomatic. The correct idioms
are "different from / difference
between"
"between X from Y" is unidiomatic.
contrast. Moreover, "with
shipbuilding traditions
fundamentally different …" has
no bearing on HOW the
"archaelogical evidence shows
that Viking ships were lighter …"

Correct Answer. "[in order] to

"both X and Y" - X and Y must be protect" correctly specifies an
perfectly parallel. intent/purpose. the usage of "which" is incorrect.

"early development" is not a Usage of "being" is redundant

"genre based on melding rhythm, because removing it does not affect
gospel , …". the meaning of the sentence. Correct Answer.

"not only X but [also] Y" requires

perfect parallelism between X and "not only X but [also] Y" requires
Y. perfect parallelism between X and Y. Correct answer.

Contrasting "some fish eggs" to "fish that have eggs" is nonsense.

"silvery minnow". Incorrect. Correct Answer Fish do not "have" eggs.
 "either X or Y" requires perfect
parallelism between X and Y. This
is violated here. Moreover,
"were endocrine cells" should be
related to/ be a consequence of
"cells secreted hormones". Using
"and" breaks this relationship as
"either X or Y" requires perfect "either X or Y" requires perfect it introduces only a list of two
parallelism between X and Y. This parallelism between X and Y. This is things (not related to each
is violated here. violated here. other).

so' is used to denote an effect in

a cause-effect relationship.
Like + so' is unidiomatic. Incorrect 'possessive + verbing + object' is
Like + so is incorrect. 'so' is used to comparison between 'ballooning' incorrect. Use 'possessive +
describe an effect. and 'it'. verbing + of object'.

they' does not have a logical Research does not indicate 2

referent. Correct Answer popular drugs. Incorrect usage.

those' is a demonstrative
Usage of 'compared to' is pronoun. It must be followed by
redundant. We already have a a noun that it modifies. Also,
comparison indicator - 'more than Correct Answer. Uses parallel 'households whose' is incorrect.
3 times as many as'. structure. they cannot have grandparents.

Usage of 'so' is incorrect. 'so' is used

each of which' is singular. Usage of to denote effect. Incorrect
'so' is incorrect. 'so' is used to comparison between 'the rules' and Correct Answer. The correct
denote effect. 'sign languages'. idiom is 'just as + so'.

and + as well' is redundant. 'so'

should denote effect. The second Seems to imply that first and second
part of the sentence is not an parts of the sentence are talking
effect of the first part. about two different people. Correct Answer.
 Due to' modifies 'there'. Incorrect.
Usage of 'compared to' is redundant. due to poaching ..' modifies wild.
Due to' is a noun modifier. Hence, (The option already says 'many times The usage of 'which' is also
it modifies researchers. more') incorrect.

the decline' is not shrinking faster

than that of other nations. Usage
of 'decline of' is incorrect here.
'decline of' is used to describe a Japan's population is not shrinking Correct answer. 'decline by' is
figurative decline - the decline of faster than other nations. Usage of used when we are dealing with
the Marathas. 'decline of' is incorrect. numbers.

Incorrect comparison between Incorrect comparison between

Volkswagen and the evolution. Past 'Volkswagen' and 'modification'.
continuous not required here (used Usasge of passive voice is
Incorrect comparison between when 2 things that occur in the past incorrect. Who made the
Volkswagen and the evolution. are related). modification?

Usage of 'having detected' is

incorrect. Seems to imply that
the detection occurred before
the solar system's largest planet' they statrted working with the
modifies Jupiter's mass. 'Gas spheres telescopes. 'Gas spheres are at
are at an estimated …' is wrong. Gas an estimated …' is wrong. Gas
Correct Answer spheres cannot be masses. spheres cannot be masses.

not as much + as much' is incorrect.

'as that' is not parallel to 'their so much + as much' is incorrect.
Correct Answer. The idiom is 'not being'. 'for looks' is not parallel to 'as that' is not parallel to 'the
so much X as Y'. X and Y must be 'meeting other criteria'. Usage of cause'. 'for looks' is not parallel
parallel. is plural."five-nation" is
Oneida' possessive + -ing is awkward. to 'meeting other criteria'.
actually an adjective. So, the five-
nation Iroquois League is a singular
noun phrase. We cannot say "one Oneida' is plural.'alone of' is
of/ alone of/ only of / the five- incorrect. 'when they sided, the
nation Iroquois League". i.e. these Oneida were alone …' changes the
constructions seem like "one of meaning. The meaning must have
apple/ alone of apple / only of been 'the Oneida were the only
apple". group that sided with …' Correct Answer.

its refers to the 'turtle', whereas

function for' is unidiomatic.
it must refer to 'some
function for' is unidiomatic. 'its' contemporary species'. 'as do
refers to the 'turtle', whereas it must teeth' is incorrect. It means that
refer to 'some contemporary horny jaws function exactly the
species'. way teeth do.
 Correct answer. The subject of
the 'which' clause is 'both the
Usage of passive voice is incorrect. and from which' is not parallel. 'from Northern and southern India
'Was derived' by whom? which' requires a clause. alphabets'

which' modifies Jupiter. The and circling' is not parallel. The

correct idiom is 'as large as'. 'as correct idiom is 'as large as'. 'as large
large than' is incorrect. than' is incorrect. Correct answer.
each year + annually' is
redundant. 'through worker
if they prevented employee illness' is performance improved' is
not parallel to 'through worker incorrrect. Better to say -
performance ..'. 'through worker 'through improved worker
performance improved' is incorrrect. performance'. 'each year +
Better to say - 'through improved annually' is redundant. 'in
worker performance'. 'each year + employee illness prevention'
each year + annually' is redundant. annually' is redundant. changes the meaning.

a trend + ultimately' - denotes

something that will happen in the
future. Use future tense 'will'. correct answer. The usage of 'which' is incorrect.

Usage of 'in that' is wrong. We need

Usage of 'in that' is wrong. We
need a cause-effect relationship
marker here. 'both … and…'
requires perfect parallelism.
a cause-effect relationship marker
here. 'and also' is redundant. Usage
of dependent is wrong. 'dependent'
means that something depends on Correct answer. 'because'
something else for support. indicates a causal relationship.

the + such as' is incorrect. The

definite article "the" here seems to
Before'
refer requires
a group a main clause.
of diseases 'it' Before + past perfect' does not make
that has
refers tobeen
already 'synthetic growth
mentioned sense+here.
such like' is'it'incorrect
refers to 'synthetic
hormone'.
previously - however it has not growth hormone'. of 'what' is too Correct answer.
idiomatically.Usage
been. It is often awkward to use a specific. It suggests that 'better
definite article when an item(s) is control, if not eradication' was the
introduced for the first instance. only thing they did not consider
Usage of 'what' is too specific. It possible. For ex - He found what he
suggests that 'better control, if not was looking for (looking for one
eradication' was the only thing thing). He found something he was
they did not consider possible. looking for. (looking for more than
(What = the thing/s that). one thing). Correct answer.

Correct answer.
Correct answer. The past perfect
here is valid because the migration
happened before 35 years were
completed (after the release)
rather than' requires parallelism.
'merely scavenging' is not parallel rather than' requires parallelism. 'the a screw driver, a bottle opener
to 'systematic hunters'. 'The new new image' is singular. The usage of etc. 'including X' - means X is one
image' is singular.
shallow waters' is plural. Hence,
'which exposes' is incorrect.
group' is singular. 'that will be
between 1.8 to …' is incorrect.
'will' is used to indicate definite
events. 'that' is too restrictive
here. Seems to imply that we are
talking about a specific kind of
global warming.
long appeared' happened before
the realization. Hence, we need a
past perfect. 'that it was' is
redundant. Ozone has long
appeared that ozone was' is
nonsensical. 'immune from' means
'exempt from' and 'immune to'
means 'not susceptible'.
Correct answer. Maintains
parallelism.
either…or…' requires perfect
parallelism. The 'it' is redundant.
'and will' will do perfectly fine. C
also distorts the original
meaning. The original sentence
never said that the division will
B distorts the original meaning. The sell them online (it is an imprint
original sentence never said that the division) themselves. Also, 'and'
division will sell them online (it is an introduces a list. We need a
imprint division) themselves. connection between the two
'either…or…' requires perfect ideas. A does that. (connects
parallelism. publishing to selling).
the usage of since requires
present perfect. For example -
since the collapse happened, the
town's population has been
since releasing …' must modify scattered. In this option past
humans, not bees. perfect is used.
tools' is plural. 'tools that include'
distorts the meaning. It is like
saying - Swiss army knife includes
'which' is incorrect. of the tools.
more' requires a 'than' for
comparison. 'as opposed to' is
incorrect. 'shallow waters' are
not opposed to 'great depths'.
'including' must not include all 3
things. (including must always
Correct answer. talk about
group' the subset).
is singular. 'that' is too
restrictive. It seems to talk about
a specific kind of global warming.
'will' is too definite here for
group' is singular. 'project/forecast projections. Average cannot be a
something to happen' is unidiomatic. range. I can say - his average
You 'expect something to happen'. score is between 90 - 100. I
Also, you 'project/forecast cannot say his score averages
something'. between 90 - 100.
as being' is redundant. Just
'immune to' would serve the
long appeared' happened before the purpose. 'long appeared'
realization. Hence, we need a past happened before the realization.
perfect. 'immune from' means Hence, we need a past perfect
'exempt from'. tense.
the comma makes the first part of
the sentence a modifier. This does
not make any sense. 'possibly
forcing' is not parallel to 'provided'. possibly forcing' is not parallel.

programs' is plural. 'toward
enhancing …' is not parallel to
'toward their preparation'.
their preparation' is parallel to
'athletes performance'. 'geared
to enhance their preparation'
does not make much sense.
programs' is plural. 'geared toward' 'geared toward' (= aimed at) is
(= aimed at) is the proper idiom. the proper idiom.

part of a deal' modifies $950

a part of the deal' modifies $950 million. The usage of 'it' is
The 'purchase' is part of the deal, million, not the purchase. Usage of incorrect. We need the reflexive
not the amount of money. Hence, present tense is incorrect. We need 'itself' - as company is the
the usage of 'which' is incorrect. the future tense here. subject.

for having' is not perfectly parallel to

'for skillful'. Also, this option does
as much X as Y' requires X and Y to not answer the question - 'whose
be parallel. 'because of having' is skillful renderings?' (seems to imply as much X as Y' requires perfect
incorrect. that she was in those renderings.) parallelism.

Remove the non-essential

The preposistional phrase 'by FCC's
rate cuts' must modify 'reduced'.
Here it is modifying 'long distance
Correct answer. calls'.
modifier 'for consumers and …'.
The sentence must make perfect
sense then. 'The government's
prediction is costs …' is obviously
incorrect.

Does not make logical sense.

'Scientists have succeeded for the
first time in producing energy …' is
illogical. 'efficient generation of …'
is not parallel to 'heating …'. Better
use 'the heating …'
Does not make logical sense. for generating electricity' is not
'Scientists have succeeded for the parallel to 'to heat'. Usage of 'for'
first time in producing energy …' is is incorrect. Scientists mined with
illogical. 'for electricity to be …' is not an intent.To denote the intent
parallel to 'to heat'. use the infinitive - 'to'.

each of them' is singular. 'which' is

incorrectly modifying 'taste bud'.
'they' does not refer to anything.
each of them has' introduces a 'each of them + that' seems to refer
run-on sentence. 'called the taste to a specific group of such cells. This
pore' modifies 'taste bud' and not functions as a subject and cannot be
'opening'. a modifier in this case. Correct answer.

twice as fast as + rate' is redundant.

'their feed allotment' is not parallel
to 'raising them'. 'their feed
allotment ..' must modify fish. But
fish are neither the subject of the
twice as fast as + rate' is previous clause nor the noun You cannot 'grow fish naturally'.
redundant. immediately preceding this modifier. Illogical.
 spices used for cooking' are
Faulty comparison. 'using spices ..' compared to 'spices in general'.
is compared to 'spices'. (an action Faulty
due to'comparison. 'in using
is a noun modifier spices
and
hence
is compared to a noun.) must modify
cannot modifya person, not
'favored'. spices.
'due to
reproduction …' is incorrect. They
are not favored because of
reproduction but because they
enhance reproduction. (a
prepositional phrase such as 'due to'
or 'because of' cannot hold so much
due to' is a noun modifier and information; in such cases use a
hence cannot modify 'favored'. clause).
taking spices' is an action noun.
'is done' is also an action. Hence,
..'
redundant usage. In general, be
careful
The of 'verb-ing
usage of 'not X is
butdone …' is
Y' here
incorrect. "not ... but ..." is used
when the FIRST thing is
EXPECTED, ASSUMED, or
PREVIOUSLY THOUGHT, but is
REFUTED / CONTRADICTED /
DISPROVED by the SECOND
thing. This is certainly not the
case here.

If we remove the intervening

modifiers, we get - 'toxic
substances that present risk to
cause cancer'. Incorrect. 'to' is an
infinitive. Used to denote
intention. 'one in a million
chances' is incorrect.
this' is a demonstrative pronoun
and as such functions as an
adjective. So, this option does not
answer the question 'this what?'
'that of' is nonsensical. 'distinguish
from species of others' does not
make sense. Also,'that' cannot
refer to the plural 'species'.
Correct answer. 'risk of causing' is
the correct idiom.
this' is a demonstrative pronoun and
as such functions as an adjective. So,
this option does not answer the
question 'this what?' 'those of' is
nonsensical. 'distinguish from
species of others' does not make
sense.
it' cannot refer to 'toxic
substances'.
which' modifies courtship -
Incorrect. 'flies that tastes' is
incorrect. 'in being able to
distinguish' is just too wordy.
Better use 'in distinguishing'.

Usage of 'would' is incorrect. To

than' requires parallelism. Here, denote the future use 'will'. 'it +
'level' must be compared to 'level'. was' is not parallel to 'level'.
Hence,'those' is incorrect. Correct answer. 'that' refers to level. (Clause vs noun)

X as varied as Y' requires parallelism

Correct answer. 'countries' is
parallel to 'china, the Netherlands, Netherlands…' is not parallel to
and Hungary'.
Faulty comparison. 'cities' are
compared to 'the river in San
Antonio.'
between X and Y. 'are China, the
those of' is
'countries'. redundant/nonsensical.
Faulty comparison. Compares
'San Antonio' to 'the river in
many cities'. 'it' refers to 'the
river in many cities' - this is
which' incorrectly modifies United obviously incorrect. 'the river in
States. 'the river in many cities' many cities' seems to imply that
seems to imply that many cities have many cities have the same
the same common river. common river.

Correct answer.
as compared with …' modifies the
'average price'. Faulty comparison
- comparing prices to vehicles.
'amounting to about $72'
incorrectly modifies 'the average
price of this year's models'. Does
not answer the question 'decrease Correct answer. 'that' refers to
by 0.4% from that of what?'
Usage of past perfect -'had won'- is
incorrect. 'Katherine Graham's
becoming' is awkward.
'average price'.
that' is a demonstrative pronoun.
Hence, it must be followed by an
object it modifies. Hence, usage
of 'that' is incorrect. Usage of
'having won …' is incorrect.
'having …' is used when an event
followed by having occurs before
another event. (winning high
praise did not occur before it
moved into the first ranks).
'having won ..' must modify
Wash Post (but this does not
occur at the
decrease beginning
+ below' of the
is redundant.
sentence)
This option- also
hence incorrect.
distorts the
meaning. The original sentence
talks about decrease in average
prices; this option talks about all
prices. Also , 'below this year's
comparably equipped trucks and
cars' is ridiculous. Does not
answer the question - 'decrease
$72 from what price?'

than' requires parallelism. 'if they

Correct answer. 'so' can refer to
the entire clause. Also, there is
perfect parallelism with 'than'.
had retired' is not parallel. 'they'
refers to the same women (women
who took jobs after retiring). This
distorts the meaning(obviously we
are referring to two different groups
of women).
than' requires parallelism. 'when
retiring' is not parallel. Also,
distorts the meaning - seems to
imply that they had more marital
satisfaction after retiring than
when they were retiring.

having been' is redundant. The usage

of 'with children's programming
limited at one time, 4 channels have
now dedicated….' does not make
Usage of past perfect 'had been' is sense. (limited coverage at one time once limited ..' functions as a
incorrect. 'Although'
Usage of -ing form is +incorrect
'however' is has no bearing on 4 channels getting participle modifier. This must
incorrect.
here. When an action noun exists dedicated to such programs). modify 'children's programming'.
and the agent who performs the
action is not the subject, then the
usage of -ing form is not preferred.
(Hence, 'led to passing' is
incorrect.) The modifier at the end
- 'allowing companies ...' modifies which' modifier is ambiguous. Does
the subject of the main clause - it modify '1999' or 'the Act'? 'intent Correct answer. 'intent of + verb-
'the proliferation'. that' is unidiomatic. ing' is the correct idiom.

Usage of 'having been …' is incorrect. and also' is redundant. The usage
Correct answer. 'as well as 'having been …' is used to denote an of 'they' after 'and also' is
emitting …' serves as a modifier to action that happened before another redundant. 'far fewer CO2' does
'diesel engines' action. not make any sense.

found' is a past participle.

'resembles' is a verb - not parallel.
'that + resembles' is not parallel to Correct answer. 'found' is parallel
anything. and that' is not parallel to anything. to 'resembling'.

Usage of 'spend' is incorrect.
'spend' is not logically parallel to
anything.
spend' is parallel to 'impose' and
'require' (notice the comma
before the 'and') and not to 'see'.
spending less time with each' Seems to imply insurance plans
modifies 'lower end insurance plans'. spend less time with patients -
Hence, illogical. illoglcal.

Seems to imply that the vantage

point itself combined with her
Usage of 'when' is incorrect. Seems talents (vantage point is the
Incorrect. Seems to suggest that to imply that only when the vantage agent/actor). The usage of 'it' is
the vantage point itself was point combined with her talents did bad. 'it' refers to something in a
combining with her talent. it make her a valuable historian. non-essential phrase.
"after initiating …" should refer "after initiating …" should refer to "per capita + per person" is
to "California". "per capita + per "California". "more than twice as redundant. '"after initiating …"
person" is redundant. "a drop great …" seems to refer to "60." Not should refer to "California".
more than twice as great as in the the intended meaning. The pronoun "more than twice as great …"
nation as a whole." - Not parallel. "that" does not refer to anything. seems to refer to "60." Not the
intended meaning.

Correct answer. "that of their estimated population" "population's estimated amount"

- the pronoun "that" does not have is redundant. We do not say
any antecedent. "their" does not "population's amount is 200";
have an antecedent. We say "population is 200".

Correct Answer. (employment "employment costs" is plural. We cannot use "were" as a

costs rose in the 12 months that substitute for "rose". "did" can
ended in September slightly less substitute ("did rise").
than they did [rise] in the year …)

"because they are genetically "because it is genetically "plants will become an invasive
engineered" cannot function as a engineered" is a subordinate clause weed" - this does not make
subject (for this - does not make it and hence cannot function as a sense. Plants (plural) cannot
any more likely …) subject. become one weed.
Wrong comparison of salaries to Wrong comparison of salaries to "what other college educated
professionals. "comma + because" professionals. professionals are paid" - this
is incorrect. Only subordinate includes not only salaries but
clauses that start a sentence can every other thing that those
be separated by commas. professionals are paid. Not a
valid comparison. "making an
average …" should have referred
to "teachers". However, the
subject here is "salaries of
teachers".

Correct answer. If we remove the "but supporting many specific …" is Run on sentence. "they
intervening modiifier, the not parallel to "they denounce big denounce big government, they
structure is - "they denouce big government". say …". "and it has become …" -
government while at the same the usage of "it" is redundant.
time supporting many specific
government programs …"
"like" should not be followed by
clauses. "like any star" should be
immediately followed by a noun
that it modifies/compares. The
intervening modifier "once" makes
this sentence incorrect. Finally,
"eventually ejecting …" is incorrect
as a modifier to "it expands into a
red giant". Comma + -ing forms
must be immediate consequences
of the main action. Using
"eventually" suggests otherwise.
"it" does not have a referent.
radiocarbon dating is singular.
Hence, usage of "suggest" is
incorrect. The usage of past
continuous "was remaining" is not
required since we are referring to
a specific time period "during the
last ice age". We need the simple
past.
"like any star" should be compared "and eventually ejecting" is not
with "the Sun". Also, the intervening parallel to anything else. "it"
modifier "once" makes this incorrect. does not have an antecedent.
The noun to be compared should
immediately follow the prepositional
phrase - "like + Noun". In addition,
"once + then" is redundant. The
pronoun "it" cannot refer to the
possessive noun "Sun's".
"as + prepositional phrases" are not Right comparison
generally used for comparisons.
Moreover "with the case of …" does
not make sense. Online drugstores
are not with the case of something.
radiocarbon dating is singular. Correct answer.
Hence, usage of "suggest" is
incorrect. The structure of this
sentence is "Radiocarbon dating
suggests at least a portion of the
area + Modifier" - Not the intended
meaning.
Modifier incorrectly refers to Modifier incorrectly refers to Youth Two independent clauses
Youth canonous canorous correctly connected by a
conjunction

Usage of past perfect "had Correct answer "and who experimented with …"
experimented" is not required. - is not parallel to anything else.
"notion of science being based on "not only X but also Y" structure
experiment" is incorrect. This used here is not parallel.
refers to only that science that is
based on experiment. Moreover,
removing "being" does not change
the meaning. Hence, it is
redundant.
"musicians, that included …" - note Correct answer. "musicians, that included …" -
that the restrictive modifier "that" note that the restrictive modifier
cannot be separated by "that" cannot be separated by
commmas. Moreover, we do not commmas. Moreover, we do not
use "that" to refer to people use "that" to refer to people
(musicians). (musicians). "different in
comparison to" is redundant.
"were influential to many
musicians" suggests that those
musicians felt Monroe's views
were influential but we cannot
infer whether they actually
influenced those musicians.

the part after "and" reads (the
subject "forests" is implied) -
"and [forests], as as sources of
building material and firewood,
that provide" - is a sentence
fragment.
"forests also supply potentially the right hand side of "and" is
valuable pharmaceuticals, and not a complete sentence. It is
sources of building material and just a modifier - "as sources of
firewood, are providers of" - this building material and firewood
implies forests supply sources of …"
building material. Incorrect.
Forests ARE sources of building
material. "are providers of
employment" should be preceded by
an "and".

"which" should have referred to Correct answer. "… is thus closer to the Sun
"Pluto". Here, it refers to "highly than Neptune is for 20 years …"
eccentric orbit" - "highly - does not make sense.
eccentric orbit is thus closer to
the Sun than Neptune is for 20
years …" - does not make sense.
"because" implies a cause-and-
effect scenario. This is not the
intended meaning. "instead of the
wrist" can refer either to "cartilage
rod" or to "elbow". Ambiguous.
"because" implies a cause-and-effect
scenario. This is not the intended
meaning. "because of being" -
because of + Verb-ing is unidiomatic.
"the membranes differ in their
attachment to a cartilage rod …"
- implies that both the families of
squirrels have "attachments to a
cartilage rod at the elbow …" but
they differ in HOW cartilage rods
are attached. "instead of being
attached …" should modify "the
parachute-like membranes". But
the modifier does not make
sense with the entire clause -
"instead of being attached to a
cartilage rod ..., the parachute-
like membranes differ from
those ..."

"like" is used incorrectly for stating "survival" is singular. "by not only "not only being threatened …" is
examples. We need to use "such pollutants such as …" is not parallel not parallel to "but also by
as". "survival" is singular. to "but also by dropped anchors …" dropped anchors …"
"sometimes from the mainland Correct answer.
and sometimes they come from
…" - a clause is placed In parallel to
a phrase
"and who was fundamental …" is
not parallel to anything else. This
also makes this option a sentence
fragment.
the usage of "OR" does not
make sense. Let us say there
are 10 instances of import.
Instances 1-5 wool is imported
from the mainland; instances 6-
10 wool is imported from
Scotland. "Sometimes from
mainland and sometimes from
Scotland" implies that both will
occur, i.e. instances 1-10 will
occur. (X and Y will happen -->
Both X and Y will happen).
"sometimes from mainland OR
sometimes from Scotland" -
implies either one of these things
will occur, not both. Hence,
incorrect.
"and he was fundamental in Correct answer.
synthesizing …" -this idea does not
make sense as an independent
clause. Because "and" introduces a
list of things that have no relation to
one another. However,
"fundamental in synthesizing …"
should clearly describe "superb
draftsman and a remarkably versatile
artist". Also, we need to separate
two independent clauses connected
by an "and" with a Comma.
the subject is this - "what scientists "the knowledge" is singular. "that "The knowledge that scientists
know about dinosaur brains". This is, the cranium" - we need to follow know" is redundant.
is singular. Hence, usage of "come" "that" with a clause. Here, the usage
is incorrect. Note that a of comma mekes this incorrect.
prepositional phrase "from studies "bony house of the brain that is the
of the bony house of the brain" cranium" - seems to imply that there
can NEVER contain the subject of a are many different "bony houses" of
main clause. the brain but that we are referring
specifically to one of them - "bony
house that is the cranium".

"raise" should be replaced by "consequent melting of polar ice Correct answer.

"rise". "over and above" is
redundant. "presently + now" is
redundant.
caps caused the sea levels to be
raised …" - the passive infinitive "to
be raised" suggests that something
else caused the sea levels to rise. We
know from the context, however,
that the melting did this. Hence, the
active form "to rise" is preferred. this
also suggests that the present height
is 60 feet. Not the intended
meaning. (the rise is 60 feet).
"in hoping" incorrectly modifies
interest rates instead of british
policy makers. "borrow for
businesses" suggests that
somebody else is borrowing for
the sake of businesses.
"from X to Y" requires parallelism "from X then to Y" is unidiomatic.
between X and Y.
Wrong comparison between
"people" and "running three days
a week". "running three days a
week saves an average of 14.1
percent on health-care costs …" -
for whom? Not clear.
"making it more expensive …" should "they" does not have a proper
have referred to "British policy antecedent. It should have
makers". Moreover, this suggests referred to the action of raising
that the effect "more expensive" interest rates. "in hopes they will
happened before the cause "interest raise interest rates" - we need a
rates were raised .." - Illogical. (read "that" after "hopes". Usage of
it like this - making borrowing more past perfect "had raised" is
expensive, interest rates were raised incorrect. Since the sentence is in
by policy makers). "hopes of their the past, we need future-in-the-
restraining economic growth" - past tense "would", not the
"their" is redundant. future tense "will". Moreover, "in
making borrowing for
businesses ... more expensive"
implies that "raising interest
rates" is a part of "making
borrowing more expensive".
However, "raising interest rates"
is a cause that leads to "making
borrowing more expensive", but
not exactly a part of it.
"and to expanding" is not parallel
to anything else.
correct answer. Wrong comparison between "not
running" and people. (those
running …). The pronoun "those"
does not have an antecedent.
"when compared to …" suggests
that the group made up 35
percent of the population ONLY
WHEN compared to 20% in 2000.
"those" cannot refer to the
singular noun "DNA". Moreover,
the DNA of grape plants are not
WITH DNA of humans. Here,
"where" can mean "at which" or
"in which". We are not sure what
the intended meaning is here.
the idiomatic structure is "the
more X, the more Y" - X and Y
must be perfectly parallel. This
violates the rule by adding "than"
and shfiting "the more likely" to
somewhere in the middle of the
sentence.
the year 2000 is compared to "35%
of the population". "it" nonsensically
refers to "35 percent of the
population".
"As human DNA, the DNA of grape
plants" suggests that "the DNA of
grape plants" played the
role/function of "human DNA".
Absurd. "the DNA of grape plants" is
singular.
Adding a "then" violates the
idiomatic construction. "the more
likely" seems to modify "calcium
deposits" (suggests that "Calcium
deposits" are more likely).
"it" nonsensically refers to "35
percent of the population".
"comparing it with …" refers to
the subject of the preceding
clause "this group" - Incorrect.
"As it is with human DNA, …" -
the pronoun "it" does not have
an antecedent. Furthermore, this
option is a sentence fragment
because it has no main verb.
Option C does not make any
sense. Option C says that there
will more of this --> "there are
likely to be calcium deposits".
Correct answer. "whether or not Taiwan develops a
closer relationship or preserves the
status quo …" - "or not" makes this
incorrect. Note that the two options
are "develops" and "preserves". We
do NOT need to say "or not" again.
"preserves the status quo affecting
the United States" is incorrect as it
implies that there are versions of
status quo that affect AND do not
affect the United States. Absurd.
Also, this is a sentence fragment
because it does not have a main
clause.
Correct answer. "surpassing" incorrectly modifies
"the report of the computer
company". The pronoun "they" does
not have an antecedent. "increase +
further" is redundant. "prices cuts
that the company intends to
increase sales" does not make any
sense. We need to say "price cuts to
increase sales"
"whether or not" is redundant.
"or the status quo is preserved"
- preserved by whom? Not
clear. Furthermore, this - "it
will affect the United States" -
distorts the meaning of the
sentence. Here, "it" = "Taiwan".
Not the intended meaning. The
intended meaning is that the
action Taiwan performs will
affect the US - "whether Taiwan
develops a closer relationship
with mainland China or preserves
the status quo" will affect the US.
"surpassing …" incorrectly
modifies "the report of the
computer company".
"increasing + further" is
redundant. "they" does not
have an antecedent. "for the
purpose of increasing sales"
seems to modify "they
announced", not the price-cuts
themselves. Not the intended
meaning.
Correct answer.
this suggests that the company's
purpose is controlling 15% of
nation's gasoline sales. Not the
intended meaning.
"while in her prime" (a verbless "her career had been cut short
clause) takes on the same subject when she was in her prime"
and verb as the clause to which it suggests that her career got cut
attaches. Hence, "while in her short before she was in her
prime" refers to "her career". "with prime. "even as …" suggests
the 15 recordings she made happening "at the same time".
disappointing artistically …" seems to Clearly "her career was cut
describe HOW "her career was cut short" and "has never been
short". Incorrect. These two are entirely forgotten by opera
unrelated ideas. Her career could afficianados" do NOT occur at
have been cut short for a myriad the same time. The second is
other reasons. something that started in the
past and is still true today. The
first is a point action that ended
in the past. "with the 15
recordings she made
disappointing artistically …"
seems to describe HOW "her
career was cut short". Incorrect.
These two are unrelated ideas.
Her career could have been cut
short for a myriad other reasons.
Correct answer. the usage of "which" is incorrect.
"which would form a new
company that controlled" - the
tense sequence does not make
sense. This implies that "would
form a new company" occurs in
the future of "controlled"
"like" cannot be used to state
examples. Also, "whether X or Y"
requires parallelism between X
and Y. this is violated here.
Moreover, we do not say
"vulnerable from". "vulnerable to"
is the correct idiom. "vulnerable to
X OR Y" implies that ecosystems
can be vulnerable either to X or to
Y. Not the intended meaning.
"whether X or Y" requires perfect "like" cannot be used to state
parallelism between X and Y. This is examples. "processes that are
violated here. "also" is used to natural" is clearly inferior to
reinforce two ideas, but we use "or" "natural processes".
here to state alternatives. "or also"
does not make sense. "vulnerable
from" is unidiomatic. "vulnerable to
X OR Y" implies that ecosystems can
be vulnerable either to X or to Y. Not
the intended meaning. We need to
say "vulnerable to X AND Y" - this
implies that ecosystems are
vulnerable to both X AND Y.

the sentence reads "they cite an The position of "that" is far from Correct answer. Note that "the
obstacle to congressional passage "concern". Not ideal. Contrast this concern" is placed right next to
+ modifier" - Does not make sense. with option C. "cite a concern" its modifier "that the bank’s
They did not cite an "obstacle". suggests that there are other loans will help foreign producers
concerns as well, but legislators are …"
quoting just one here.
"they" does not have an
antecedent. "both by adults and
children" - not parallel.
"mandates that any drug must
undergo" - Incorrect. Redundant.
"performing …" should refer to
"space shuttle astronauts". "not
only X but also Y" correlative
conjunction is not used here.
"either to improve crop yields or
for warding off" - not parallel.
"likely + may be" is redundant.
"interaction of two stars where
two stars …" - interaction is not a
physical location.
"for adults and children as well" is
redundant.
"performing …" should refer to
"space shuttle astronauts".
"genetic engineering entails plant
or animal genes + Modifier" - Not
the intended meaning. The idea is
that it entails gene's getting
spliced. "either for
improving crop yields or the
warding off of" - Not parallel.
"likely + may be" is redundant.
correct answer.
"performing …" should refer to
"space shuttle astronauts". "was
retrieved by space shuttle
astronauts who also
avoided …" implies that there
were other astronauts who did
not avoid being rear-ended by a
UV telescope.
"either improve crop yields or to
ward off …" - not parallel.
"astronomical phenomena are
because of the interaction …".
Note that "are" is a linking verb
and thus is followed by an
adjective. However, "because of"
is an adverbial modifier and
hence is incorrect in this case.
We need to use noun modifiers
such as due to/caused by.
Correct answer. "not only add convenience stores
but also they combine …" - not
parallel.
"not only adding convenience
stores but also in combination …"
- not parallel. "in combination
with major fast-
food chains they build complexes
where customers can shop …" -
does not make any sense.

"each of the photographs" is "each of the photographs" is "each of the photographs" is

singular. Hence, "indicate" is singular. "that the extent of the singular. "its" cannot refer to
incorrect. "indicate the floods … was overwhelming and "floods".
overwhelming extent to flooding" - the degree to which rocks were
It must read "extent of flooding". scattered" are not parallel. "its"
This structure is also incorrect -- cannot refer to "floods".
"indicate the degree that rocks
were scattered by its force". The
correct expression would use "the
degree to which". ('to which'
correctly indicates extent).

"ensure + must" is redundant. "ensure + must" is redundant. "ensure that an independent

"ensure that an independent panel
evaluate the experiment …" - is
incorrect. Note that "ensure" is not a
bossy verb to warrant the use of
command subjunctive.
panel evaluate the experiment
…" - is incorrect. Note that
"ensure" is not a bossy verb to
warrant the use of command
subjunctive.
Correct answer. (the correct
answer is the best among the lot. I after "lighting".
think it is poorly written - "homes,
where lighting was still provided
by candles" - this refers to 100% of
the homes. Not to 99% of homes
where this fact was true at the end
of the 19th century).
this option is missing the verb "was" "lighting was being provided by
…" - the usage of past continuous
form is not required. We use the
past continuous only when a
longer action in the past is
interrupted by a shorter action.
"there were 1% homes with
electricity" - this sentence does
not make much sense. Note that
"with electricity" is a modifier to
"homes", not to anything else.
so, we rewrite this as - "1%
homes with electricity were
there" - clearly nonsense.
Contrast this with "there are 4
cars in the driveway". Here "in
the driveway" can also modify
"there are". If we rewrite this -
"fours care are in the driveway".
Hence, correct.

Correct answer. "more closely related to X as to Y" is "whales … to be more closely

not idiomatic. "hoofed mammals
that today include cows, camels,
pigs, and hippos" - this implies that
these animals are contained within
hoofed mammals. Illogical.
related to some of the oldest
known ungulates than they are
to any other mammals" - Not
parallel.

"either accompanied by an "either by an increase or an increase "either accompanied by an

increase or an increase in volume in volume …" - not parallel. The increase or by an increase in
…" is not parallel. The pronoun pronoun "it" should have referred to volume" is not parallel.
"it" should have referred to "increase in temperature". Hence,
"increase in temperature". incorrect.
Hence, incorrect. "in a container,
or an increase in volume …" - we
do not use comma to separate two
phrases connected by a
conjunction.
Correct answer. Note that "having
been prescribed …" refers to the
subject "some patients" and
describes HOW "some patients
may have received inadequate
treatment". However, unlike
"comma + -ing" modifiers, the
action described here happens
BEFORE "may have received
inadequate treatment".
"demand that the money is
controlled" does not use the
proper verb form for command
subjunctive.
not perfectly parallel structure "as" seems to be making
"having" or "being". Moreover, this comparisons (= just as) here. Not
implies "the prescription was the intended meaning. "having
ineffective because the dosage was too low of a dosage of a
too low" - Not ideal. We need to say prescribed drug …" - implies that
"the drug was ineffective because the prescription was fine, but the
the dosage in the prescription was patient did not have money to
too low". In addition, "having a drug buy sufficient quantities of the
prescription ..." occurs in the same drug. Unacceptable shift in
time frame as "may have received meaning.
inadequate treatment". Using "that
was ineffective" suggests that the
prescription was ineffective BEFORE
the patient received treatment or
even got the prescription. Nonsense.
Also, "having a drug prescription that
was ineffective ..." need to lead to
"received inadequate treatment".
This is much better - "have been
prescribed too low a drug dosage"
Correct answer. "demand that the money is to be
controlled" does not use the
proper verb form for command
subjunctive. "but allowing it …" is
not parallel to anything else.
"exceeding …" incorectly modifies
company. "earnings that more
than doubled the previous
quarter" - this seems to imply that
earnings doubled the previous
quarter itself. Absurd.
two complete clauses are
connected by a comma - "the Altar
of Heaven is the oldest known …"
and "it is the only altar found so
far …".
"it" should have referred to
"transfer of heat". Here, it refers compared with "heat".
to "heat transferred between …".
This reads "heat + modifier is
slow ...". Does not make much
sense. Moreover, this option reads
"heat + modifier occurs more
rapidly …" - this does not make a
lot of sense. It should have read
"transfer of heat occurs more
rapidly …"
not only… but also not parallel
"exceeding …" incorectly modifies
company. The pronoun "they" has
no antecedent. Also, this
construction "company earned
double what earnings were in the
previous quarter" does not make a
lot of sense. Does not clearly
answer the question - "double of
what?"
Correct answer.
"slow process of heat transfer" is
not only.. But also … parallel
who correctly referring to ethnic
groups
"exceeding …" incorectly
modifies company. "first quarter
earnings that more than doubled
those in previous quarter" - this
nonsensically implies that 1st
quarter earnings were
responsible for doubling the
earnings in the previous quarter.
Parallelism dictates this - "having
been the oldest known altar used
in Chinese State relegious
practice" -this implies that it is no
longer the oldest known altar.
Incorrect. "is more than 1,000
years older than a similar one in
Beijing and the only known altar
found so far ..." - the phrase after
"and" is missing a verb. Hence,
not parallel.
Correct answer.
not only… but also not parallel
"which" incorrectly refers to "which" incorrectly refers to "North "slammed and causing" - not
"North America". Note that the America". parallel.
modifier "causing plant and
animal extinctions" occurs in the
same time frame as the main verb
"marks" (present tense). Illogical.

correct answer. Not as parallel as option A is. A has does not have a main clause.
the same subject in the subordinate
and main clauses.

Correct Answer. Parallelism dictates this structure
-"shaped by thousands of 80,000 of
the genes". Contrast this with
"shaped by thousands of the 80,000
genes". Clearly, the latter is better.
"80,000 of the genes" implies that
there are many more genes than
80,000. (20 of the soldiers --> implies
there are more than 20 soldiers).
"complex human traits" is plural.
Parallelism dictates this structure
-"shaped by thousands of 80,000
of the genes". Contrast this with
"shaped by thousands of the
80,000 genes". Clearly, the latter
is better. "80,000 of the genes"
implies that there are more
genes than 80,000. Not the
intended meaning.
Correct answer wrong comparision betweeen the subject of "but was more
language and maya. "being more pictographic in nature" is "the
pictographic in nature" modifies "it Aztec people". Also, "not as
was not as highly sophisticated". This highly sophisticated as the
implies that "more pictographic" was Maya's" modifies "the Aztec
the reason behind the language people".
being not sophisticated. Not logical.

correct comparison,correct "pain relieving effect" is compared "exercise" does not add
modifer with the drug "morphine". Incorrect. complementary flavors to food.
"pain relieving effect" is
compared with the drug
"morphine". Incorrect.

"any similar dinosaur type "any similar dinosaur type "similar dinosaur types that were
that previously was found in North previously found in North America" - previously found in North
America" - Illogical. Illogical. "fossils were at least 25 America" - Illogical.
million years older …" -the usage of
past tense suggests that this is no
longer true.

Exploding incorrectly modifies "full Correct answer Exploding incorrectly modifies

moon". "that a star that was as "full moon"
bright …" - "a star" should have not parallel. Moreover, this reads
been followed by a clause. "evidence of a star + modifier".
Not the intended meaning.
Parallelism dicates this -
"evidence of a star that it
emitted dazzling radiation …".
The "it" is redundant.
Correct answer. "say that rich nations join in this
downward slide towards more lax
attitude about pollution" - We
cannot use command subjunctive
with the verb "say".
"because of wanting" is
unidiomatic. "many rich nations
join this downward trend …" -
note that we do not want to
express a general truth here but
talk about a recent
phenomenon. "have joined"
makes more sense.

"there are connations associated "have connotations they are "the letters A and B having
with the numbers 1 and 2 and the aware of" - we do not end modifiers connotations …" - the non-
letters A and B" = "connotations with prepositions. essential modifier implies that
are associated with the numbers 1 there are types of "letters A and
and 2 and the letters A and B". So, B" that have connations.
the sentence reads - "with an Consequently, there are other
awareness that connations are types that do not. Illogical.
associated with the numbers 1 and
2 ...". We only know that there are
connotations associated with
these numbers. We do not know
what those connotations are. This
is different from "aware of the
connotations" - this implies that
we know what these connotations
entail.
Correct answer "the remainder of 9 inches
contribute" - the subject and verb do
not agree. The contrast indicator
"even though" does not make much
sense here. (because there does not
seem to be a contrast - 21 inches
return to atmosphere AND 9 inches
contribute to the flow of rivers)
"transpiration from soil and from
plants return" - the subject and
verb do not agree. "the balance
of 9 inches contribute" - the
subject and verb do not agree.
The contrast indicator "although"
does not make much sense here.
(because there does not seem to
be a contrast - 21 inches return
to atmosphere AND 9 inches
contribute to the flow of rivers)

"with each a product of their" -
'each' is singular.
"with each AS a product of its "each" is singular. Hence, plural
regional influences" - this suggests "their" is incorrect. "product of
that each style of cooking plays the its/their regional influences"
role of/functions as a product of its does not make sense. We
regional influences. Not the intended cannot a style of cooking is a
meaning. Each style of cooking IS a product of the style's (its)
function of its regional influences. regional influences.

"vulnerable to any hints of oil
supplies + modifier" - not the
intended meaning.
Correct answer. "vulnerable to any hints of oil
supplies + modifier" - not the
intended meaning. "vulnerable
to any unexpected growth in
consumer demand as was
possibly prompted by colder-
than-normal temperatures." -
this suggests that "colder than
normal temperatures" previously
prompted growth in consumer
demand but are no longer a
factor of influence.
"and its trunk originally evolved…"
seems to be in parallel to the main
clause "australian embryologists
…" because of the placement of
comma before "and".
"has suggested" does not make
sense as it implies that the evidence
no longer suggests this. We need to
use the simple present. "has
suggested the elephant …" does not
make sense. The modifier "its trunk
originally evolving as a snorkel" does
not make sense as it seems to
describe HOW the elephant is
descended from the aquatic
mammal.
"had descended" does not make
sense as it implies a downward
motion. Moreover, since this is a
general truth, we need to use the
simple present. The modifier
"with its trunk originally evolving
as a snorkel" does not make
sense as it seems to describe
HOW the elephant is descended
from the aquatic mammal.

"more + rather than" is
unidiomatic. "because its weight is
far less than four quarters" -
weight is compared to four
quarters.
"the Sacagawea dollar coin will be Correct answer
used more as a substitute for four
quarters than the dollar bill" - has an
ambiguous meaning. We do not
know whether Sacagawea dollar coin
will be as a substitute for the dollar
bill or whether the dollar bill will be
used as a substitute for four
quarters.

"amounting and representing"
refer to "one automobile
manufacturer" - Illogical.
"amounting …, and representing
…" - should not be separated by
comma before "and".
"amounting ..." refers to "one "an increase + Modifier" is placed
automobile manufacturer" - Illogical. in parallel to a clause "and it
The pronoun "it" does have a logical would represent …" - Incorrect
referent. It does not make sense to
put "one automobile manufacturer
has announced …" and "it would
represent the first significant change
…" because the latter is a description
of "increase the average fuel
efficiency by 25% over next 5 years".
Correct answer. "which" incorrectly modifies
"directly". "ability" and "capability"
are generally restricted to humans.
"can" can be used for almost
anything.
"ability" and "capability" are
generally restricted to humans.
"can" can be used for almost
anything. "a development
leading to …" - the participle
modifier takes the same time as
the object that it modifies.
"leading to" actually occurs in
the future of the development.

Correct answer. The correlative
conjunction used is "just as X, so
[too] Y".
"just as X, so Y" -- X and Y must be
parallel structures. X here is a
prepositional phrase, Y is a clause.
Moreover, "the support" is not with
"the free computer OS linux".
If "it" is a placeholder, then it
should refer to "that support for
it has been growing". Rewriting
the sentence now - "that the
support for it has been growing
has been" - makes no sense.

Correct answer. "either from burning up or
freezing over" - not parallel. Also,
this sentence does not have a main
clause.
this sentence does not have a
main clause. Moreover, these
things - "reflect and
absorb solar radiation, act as a
global thermostat and thus keep
Earth from either burning …" -
by putting them in parallel, this
option implies that these things
are unrelated. However, the
highlighted portion is clearly a
description of the non-
highlighted portion.
Correct answer. "cut 10 % of
workforce" and "expected to
report a loss" are part of the same
announcement.
"there would be a cut and expected
a reported a loss of 10%" -
"expected" does not go along well
with any part on the left hand side of
"and". We cannot say "there would
be expected a reported loss …". This
- "expected a reported loss" does
not make any sense. It implies that
there are reported, and thus
unreported losses as well.
"more than 2000 jobs" refers
only to "10 percent" (not 10% of
its workforce). This does not
make any sense. The basic
structure here is "company
announced X and it expected Y"
-- this implies that "expected Y"
has nothing to do with the
company's announcement.
"expected a reported loss" does
not make any sense. It implies
that there are reported, and thus
unreported losses as well.

"its decline much more rapid"
(here its = British economy's
growth). This does not make much
sense. Also, "economic growth" is
compared to "United States".
Finally, "Britain's economic growth
was slower in the mid-1970's (a
clause) and its decline much more
rapid (a phrase)" - not parallel.
"it declined much more rapidly" "had declined
("it" refers to "economic growth"). much more rapidly in the
"The economic growth of Britain subsequent recession" - do not
was slower in the mid-1970's than use the past perfect when
the US did". Note that "did" CANNOT referring to a specific time-
substitute for "was slower". period. Also, "which grew more
Incorrect. (However, it CAN slowly in the mid-1970's" - than
substitute for "declined" = "did what? Not clear.
[decline]")

"forbidden from prescribing" is not Correct answer. "the privilege to prescribe began
idiomatic. "privilege of prescribing to be granted …" - by whom? Not
to licensed, doctoral level clear.
psychologists" can imply
prescribing drugs to psychologists
themselves.

"but having been redirected …" is "but they have been redirected …" - this is a sentence fragment.
not parallel to anything else. This note that "they" is
is a sentence fragment. redundant/unnecessary.
Correct Distorted meaning, conveys beam "BEAM robots are not being
robots learn to walk by programming programmed to walk" - use of
themselves present continuous is not
required since we are talking
about general truth/facts about
BEAM robots. "but" is not
followed by a complete clause,
making this option a sentence
fragment. "but instead using ..."
is not parallel to anything on the
left hand side of "but". "using
brainlike circuits called neural
networks and learning to walk" -
implies that the 2 things are
unrelated. Incorrect.

Correct answer Note that "active voice + by +
Action Noun" is not idiomatic. For
example - I started the car by the
use of keys. Here - "the bank
engaged in deceptive practices by its
failure of honoring/by failing to
honor" - clearly, the latter is better.
The implied structure "bank
engaged in deceptive practices
in its failing to honor its promise
to its customers" - this implies
that "engaging in deceptive
practices" happens during the
process of (is a part of) "failing to
honor its promise…". Not logical.
"promise of keeping records
safe" is unidiomatic.
"The hognose snake, having no "broadens … and feigns …" should Correct answer.
dangerous fangs and no venom, have been modifiers to "puts on an
eventually, if its pursuer is not impressive bluff" (because we
cowed by the performance, will fall know it acts like a cobra). "but the
over and play dead" -the second hognose snake with no dangerous
modifier seems to modify the first. fangs and no venom, eventually, if
Incorrect. This part - " broadens its pursuer is not cowed by the
the flesh behind its head the way a performance, will fall over ..." -- here
cobra does" should have been a we are referring only to a particular
modifier because it describes HOW group of hognose snakes (note the
it puts on an impressive bluff. This absence of comma after 'but'). This
part - "feigning repeated strikes" implies that there are other types of
does not describe HOW the snake hognose snakes that have dangerous
broadens its flesh. fangs and venom. Incorrect.
hence,"broadens" and "feigns"
must be placed in PARALLEL

"if similar patterns would be
found" is not parallel to "whether
chimpanzees are unique among
…". Also, "when other animals are
studied in as much depth" -- this is
essential to the meaning of the
sentence. A sentence must make
sense when non-essential
modifiers are removed. Here -- "or
if similar patterns would be found"
-- the sentence does not make
sense. Where? In whom? Not
clear.
"if" not parallel to "whether". This "would" takes the same subject
sentence -- "if other animals were as the previous clause because of
studied with as much depth they parallelism. "chimpanzees would
would exhibit similar similar patterns be found … " --
patterns" -- completely changes the does not make much sense.
meaning of the original. According to
this, we're sure when other animals
are studied in depth. Not logical.
Furthermore, "studied with depth" is
not idiomatic.

"by which" suggests a method. The "for which" implies that countries Correct Answer. "under which"
protocol is not the method used to will be reducing pollution for the implies how the protocol will
reduce pollutions sake of the protocol. govern/influence control of
emissions.
Correct answer. Note that "more
than all the North American Great
Lakes combined" is not
redundant" because "more than
all great lakes" can imply Lake
Baikal has more water than every
single Great Lake (on a case by
case basis). "all combined" implies
a case in which all of the lakes are
combined (hyothetically of course)
to form one giant lake. Lake Baikal
has MORE water than this giant
lake. Also, note the ellipsis here -
"which holds 20 percent of the
world's
fresh water, more than all the
North American Great Lakes
combined [hold]".
"had added" is incorrect as the
comments will be added in the
future. Here, this suggests that
the comments were already
added even before the trick was
uncovered. The hacker will be
privy to the comments that a
person will add. Here -- "who still
harbored the illusion that E-mail
exchanges are private" -- the
present tense "are" does not make
sense because they do NOT harbor
such illusions anymore. (hence
simple past - "harbored").
The pronoun "that" seems to refer "Siberia's Lake Baikal it holds
to "20% of the world's fresh more of the world's fresh water
water". The result is a nonsense …" is incorrect. This modifier "20
sentence - "with 20% of the world's percent" does not seem to refer
fresh water, 20% of the world's to anything. "than all water(that)
fresh water is more than all the of the North American Great
North American Great Lakes Lakes combined" -- is redundant.
combined". "Siberia's Lake Baikal Usage of "combined" is not
has more than 300 rivers" --this required.
implies that these rivers belong to
Lake Baikal. Illogical.
"might have added" suggests that "is privy to any comments that
the person is privy to any messages the recepient would add" -- here
that were added before the hack "would add" occurs in the future
was put in place. Not to any new of "uncovered" whereas "is
messages. Not the intended privy" presents a general truth.
meaning. Here -- "who had still We need both these tenses to be
been harboring the illusion that E- at the same time because the
mail exchanges are private" -- the hacker gets to read new
present tense "are" does not make comments as a person adds
sense because they do NOT harbor them (in the future). Here --
such illusions anymore. (hence past "who were still harboring the
perfect - "had been harboring"). illusion that E-mail exchanges are
private" -- the present tense
"are" does not make sense
because they do NOT harbor
such illusions anymore. (hence
past tense - "were harboring").
"after + subsequently" is
redundant. "and" requires
parallelism. "after which" is not
parallel to anything else.
"fragments were subsequently
rejoined because of gravity". -
"because" indicates a reason
(indirect causation) why the
fragments joined but not the
HOW/Method. i.e. gravitation did
not directly lead to rejoining but
led to a series of events that
resulted in rejoining. Not logical.
"tribes interacted with
themselves more often than
[tribes interacted] between
others" - Incorrect. "between" is
used only for 2 things. "interacted
between" is also unidiomatic. The
correct version is -- "interacted
among".
"where" seems to imply that they Correct answer.
inform the operator of the
location and phone number
inside the telephone lines.
Illogical.
"it" should have referred to
"discovery of the pulsar". Here,
"it" refers to "pulsar" itself. (We the pulsar".
cannot announce a star). The basic
structure of the first clause is -
"although the first pulsar was in
the summer of 1967 by Jocelyn
Bell" -- Incorrect.
"after which" must be followed by a "suggests that through repeated
clause. Also, "having rejoined …" is impacts that the surface broke
used to indicate two actions -- one apart" -- the 2nd "that" is
prior to the other. We do not know redundant. "after which" is
what happened after "rejoining". incorrect as it does not have an
"rejoined with gravitational immediately preceding noun.
attraction" is incorrect. "after which" (Note that "which" is a pronoun).
is incorrect as it does not have an
immediately preceding noun. (Note
that "which" is a pronoun).
"tribes interacted among each Correct answer.
other more often than [tribes
interacted] among others" -
Incorrect. "each other" is used for 2
things. For more than 2 things, we
use "one another". "interacted
among" is unidiomatic.
Wrong comparison between
"emergency calls" and "the
location".
"although not announced …" should "Although observed by graduate
have referred to "the discovery of student Jocelyn Bell in the
summer of 1967" should have
referred to "the pulsar".
Implies that "heat and light" are
also are a continuous stream of
atomic particles.
less parallel than option E.
Correct answer.
"than in modern human beings" is "it" refers to "early homind's manner Correct answer
not parallel to anything else. of walking". Illogical.
"being" is redundant as removing
it does not change the intended
meaning.
"not only" requires "but/but
also". "because all of its neural
pathways" -- the "its" does not
have an antecedent.
"direction + were" is incorrect.
"earth and other solid planets +
spins" is incorrect.
"besides + also" is redundant. Implies that "heat and light" are
'Implies that "heat and light" are also also are a continuous stream of
are a continuous stream of atomic atomic particles.
particles.
Wrong comparison between "men" Wrong comparison between
and "their problem". "men" and "one thing".
SV agreement error - three Implies that bicycles are only
automobile owners plural vs owns owned by this group of people.
singular "three out of every four owners
of automobiles in the US." -- here
"in the US" modifies
"automobiles". This suggests that
the automobiles are in the US,
but the owners need not
necessarily be. They can be in
other countries as well. Only
requirement is that the person
should own an automobile in the
US. Distorts the meaning.
"because all of its neural pathways" Correct answer
-- the "its" does not have an
antecedent.
"direction + were" is incorrect. "earth and other solid planets +
"earth and other solid planets + spins" is incorrect.
spins" is incorrect.
Active voice + by + Noun form' is
considered to be unidiomatic. (for
example - I started the car by the
use of keys). "call + by the use of
…" is unidiomatic.
this sentence is potentially
ambiguous. It can also imply "than ambiguous. It can also imply "than to a smaller commitment to work
to their parents or grandparents" their parents or grandparents"
"jumped at 20 percent" is
unidiomatic. Note that we are
referrin to a specific time period
"in 1997". Usage of present
perfect "has jumped" is incorrect.
Correct answer. This describes
HOW the style is more ergonomic
-- 1. It conforms to the shape of
the body AND 2. does not flaunt
(show off) shape for its own sake.
This option rightly puts these
things in parallel.
"call + by the use of …" is
unidiomatic. "and attracting" is not
parallel to anything else in the
sentence.
this sentence is potentially
Correct answer
Parallelism dictates this structure -
"not conformed to flaunting shape
for its own sake". This does not
make any sense.
Parallelism dictates this -- "male
moths call female moths to them
by attracting their mates during
the day". Does not make much
sense.
This implies "young people have
and a career than young people
have a commitment[that] of
their parents or grandparents"
--does not make any sense.
Note that we are referring to a
specific time period "in 1997".
Usage of present perfect "has
jumped" is incorrect.
"more" requires a "than" unless
the comparision is implied from
context. Parallelism dictates
this structure - "not conformed
to shape flaunted for its own
sake". This does not make any
sense. This sentence distorts
the meaning of the sentence by
suggesting that the style
conforms MORE to the shape of
the body and thus is ergonomic.
the original sentence is the new
style conforms to shape of the
body and thus is MORE
ergonomic.
"great navigators" are compared
with "new observations".
Incorrect.
"great navigators" are compared "where" refers to "Earth" in
with "new observations". Incorrect. general. It should have referred
to certain specific places on Earth
where they made their
observations.

"it was possible to move under its
own power" - for whom/what?
Not clear. "steam locomotive" is
compared with "nearly full
power".
"steam locomotive" is compared Correct answer
with "diesel locomotive's engine". "it
was possible to move under its own
power" - possible for what? Not
clear.

the basic structure of the sentence Correct answer. "using technology …" refers to
is - "using technology as new as "an attempt".
space age fabrics …, scientists and
historians are hoping that that it
will then
last another 200 years." -- this
suggests that "using technology" is
HOW scientists and historians are
hoping. Moreover, the antecedent
of "it" is in an non-essential
phrase. A sentence must make
perfect sense even if non-essential
modifiers are removed. Not ideal.
Also, "scientists are hoping, in
their attempt at cleaning and
preserving the American flag ...".
"hoping ..." is not IN their attempt.

this option compares "horns" to "that" cannot refer to the plural "that" cannot refer to the plural
"Sumatran Rhino". "two horns". Moreover, this option "two horns". Moreover, this
compares "horns" to "Sumatran option compares "horns" to
Rhino". "Sumatran Rhino".
this sentence does not make any "taking alcohol with meals on a "taken with meals on a
sense - "the benefits from moderate, regular basis" is not moderate, regular basis" is not
consuming alcohol are greatest perfectly parallel to "its consumption parallel to "consuming it".
with alcohol that is taken with on binges". "benefits are greatest
meals…". In addition, "than when with taking alcohol on a moderate
it is consumed …" - Not parallel to basis" is unidiomatic.
anything else. "alcohol that is
taken with meals on a moderate,
regular basis" -- implies that there
are certain kinds of alcohol that
are consumed with meals on a
modierate regular basis and thus
certain kinds that are not. Not
logical.

"what impact will it have" is
question and thus is incorrectly
used here. The correct usage is
"what impact it will have".
the clause "the impact it would Usage of "or" distorts the
have" is not parallel to anything else. meaning. These two things -
"significant warming will occur"
and "impact it would have if it
did" are not alternatives.
Correct answer. "the growth of the global economy "exceeds the growth [that]
has been more than growth of the which had been for 10,000
global economy [that] during 10,000 years" -- Usage of "had been" is
years [has been]" is the implied incorrect since we are referring
structure. But since we are referring to a specific time period.
to a specific period in the past [8050 Furthermore, this option does
BC - 1950 AD], this is incorrect. Also, not answer the question -- the
"during 10,000 years" does not make growth which had been what?
it clear which 10,000 years we are Existent? Not clear. The tense
referring to. It can possibly refer to "had been" also suggests that
any 10,000 year period. TO MAKE IT the "growth" was constant
CLEAR THAT WE ARE REFERRING TO during the period.
A SPECIFIC TIME PERIOD, THE
MODIFIER "from when agriculture
began ..." should be an essential
modifier (not separated by commas).

"either finding a similar or a "either reported finding a similar or Correct answer.

greater variety" is not parallel. greater variety" -- not parallel.

"the Oneida" should be plural. "the Oneida" should be plural. (just Correct answer.
(just like Spanish/French). like Spanish/French).
Correct Answer. "their greater enrichment of the "crested wheatgrass" is
soil" - here "their" seems to refer to compared with "the root
"grasses". "grasses' greater system".
enrichment of soil" does not make
any sense. "but without growing to
be that tall" - not parallel. "that tall"
is incorrect in formal usage.

and' introduces a list of 2 or more The pronoun 'they' is ambiguous. the usage of 'when' is incorrect.
independent ideas. 'for married The modifier 'for married women ...' it distorts the meaning. It seems
women ...' has no relationship with does not make any sense. 'for to suggest that when women
the survey. this option seems to married women ..., they were more have such children, they
talk about all married women with likely to ... ' is illogical. (for = for the automatically become more
children under 18. Also, 'shifts' are purpose of). The usage of 'and' likely to work different shifts.
compared with 'husbands'. introduces an independent idea - 'for "those of their husbands' " is
married women ...' has no redundant. The usage of 'and'
connection to the survey. introduces an independent idea -
'when married women ...' has no
connection to the survey. 'likely
for them' is unidiomatic.

must be cut at the source by fossil
fuels' is absurd. (Emissions cannot
be cut by fossil fuels.) Also, active
voice + by + noun is incorrect.
(better use verb-ing instead of
noun.) 'by alternatives' is also
incorrect for the same person.
must be cut at the source by fossil correct answer. 'active voice + by
fuels' is absurd. (Emissions cannot be + verb-ing' is the correct usage.
cut by fossil fuels.) Also, active voice
+ by + noun is incorrect. (better use
verb-ing instead of noun.) 'those'
refers to fossil fuels. this again is
absurd.

her discovery' is not parallel to Usage of active voice + by + action Usage of 'with' is problematic.
'painstakingly documenting'. The noun is incorrect. 'by painstakingly 'with her discovery ..., she was a
usage of 'with' modifier does not documenting' is not parallel to 'by contributor to archaeology.' is
make sense. ('with her her discovery.' incorrect.
discovery ..., Leakey contributed to
archaeology.' )
If we remove the non-essential
modifier - 'who say that ...', the
leftover sentence is a fragment.
'already' here requires a perfect
tense. Also, the architects have
designed such structures with an
intention. Better to use the
infinitive 'to' - to suggest an intent.
like' is not used to give examples.
use 'such as'. Faulty comparison
between countries and fertility
rates. Also, 'fertility rates' cannot
exceed other countries - illogical.
Faulty comparison between Faulty comparison between Mayan
Mayan cities and Cancun's cities and Cancun's commercial
commercial power. Present tense - power.
'seems to be' is incorrect. We
know that this is a past activity,
whose effect is felt till now. Use
present perfect instead.
test scores show mastery of
reading ...' distorts the meaning.
The correct answer must convey
an idea, the idea that test scores
show that reading skillls have
improved. 'having improved ...' is
incorrectly used. 'having ...' is used
when the action following 'having'
precedes
Usage thethat'
of 'in action that it The
is incorrect.
modifies.
clause that'itfollows
be that''inafter
that'should
servesis
redundant.
both to describe and limit the
information in the previous clause.
(for ex - the government updated
the syllabus in that it added a few
chapters to the Science textbook -
this was the only update.) 'by' on
the other
battery hand tell
powered us the
cars' are method
employed.
compared with 'automakers'.
'driving range and performance'
are compared 'internal
combustion engine'.
Correct answer.
If we remove the non-essential
modifier, we are left with a sentence
fragment. the 'they' is redundant.
like' is not used to give examples.
use 'such as'. Also, 'fertility rates'
cannot exceed other countries -
illogical. The -ing modifier is too
restrictive. Seems to suggest that
there might be other rates that do
not exceed those in other countries.
test scores show mastery of
reading ...' distorts the meaning. The
correct answer must convey an idea,
the idea that test scores show that
reading skillls have improved. 'it be
that' after should is redundant.
Active voice + by + action noun is
incorrect. Better use the verb-ing
form of the noun. 'bus engines'
pollution' translates to 'pollution of
bus engines' - not logical.
battery powered cars' are compared battery powered cars' are
with 'automakers'.
Incorrect comparison between
'tendency to circle' and 'caribou'.
Also, this option refers to a specific tendency. Usage of 'that' is
group of caribou - caribou that tend incorrect. 'that What?' Faulty
to spread far and wide. 'both belong comparison between 'reindeer's
+ same' is redundant. Distorts
meaning - suggests that the years
have brought on this change. 'about group of caribou - caribou that
7000 yrs' is singular.
correct answer.
present continuous tense is not
required here. (it is used when
something is happening right
now.) But present tense is used
to state general truths. (from the
context, we can infer that this
scenario has also happened in
the past and is true now as well.)
Faulty comparison between
Mayan cities and the commercial
power of Cancun. 'seemed' - past
tense - is incorrect. Cancun
seems like that to people now.
test scores showing mastery of
reading ...' distorts the meaning.
The correct answer must convey
an idea, the idea that test scores
show that reading skillls have
improved. 'has' , in this option,
takes 'test scores' as its subject -
incorrect.
Correct answer.
compared with 'fuel cells'.
'driving range and performance'
are compared 'internal
combustion engine'. Distorts the
meaning. Seems to suggest that
if we use the same fuel cells in
trucks, we can expect a similar
performance.
being domesticated ...' here
incorrectly refers to reindeer's
tendency' and 'caribou'. Also,
this option refers to a specific
tend to spread far and wide.
Distorts meaning - suggests that
the years have brought on this
change.
Correct answer.
different enough + that' is
incorrect.
strawberries' are compared with
'picking bananas'.
many district schools' are
compared to 'officials'. Also, we
need a 'have' instead of 'do' to
facilitate proper comparison.
it' refers to 'more than ten times it' refers to 'more than ten times as
as much energy'. The correct idiom much energy'.
is 'as much + as' , not 'as much +
than'.
both X and Y' requires perfect
parallelism between X and Y.
Correct answer. 'gain' is parallel to Not parallel. 'gain' is not parallel to
'own' as it should be.
known as' is the incorrect idiom. Distorts the meaning. Seems to
(known as = recognized as). Usage of imply that humans are still
'having forced ...' is incorrect. (this forcing those plant and species
modifier must modify plants). to become extinct.
(known as must be followed by a
noun.)
so that' distorts the meaning. Seems for comparing the two species to
to imply that they are different be as questionable or useless'
enough for a reason. distorts the meaning. this
modifier does not work with the
main clause. (It needs a
hypothetical case, which is not
conveyed by present tense).
picking strawberries' is compared Correct answer.
with 'green bananas'. Usage of
'unlike + with' is incorrect.
as + preposition' is not generally many district schools' are
used to make comparisons. 'many compared to 'officials'.
district schools' are compared to
'officials'.
Correct answer. Also notice the
parallelism between 'is
generated now' and 'was the
case in 1990'.
and also' is redundant. the usage of Correct answer.
'having initiated ...' is incorrect. It
must be followed by what the
software company did later.
born into ...' must modify
'enabled'. 'Martha Harper'. Distorts the
meaning - states that the
'creation' was a new business
model. However, from the
orginal sentence, we know that
'retail franchise network' was a
new business model.
then redesign ...' introduces a run- then redesigning' is not parallel to finding the best way of ...' does
on sentence. 'were to separate' is 'separated' and 'found'. not really make sense as a
not parallel to 'found'. (It is parallel modifier to 'if the components
to 'were to find'). 'separate were separated ...' (these are 2
components of a task into its separate ideas that have no
(task's) individual motions' is causal relationship to each
incorrect. (its must refer to other.)
components).
Since we are referring to a specific Since we are referring to a specific Correct answer.
point in the past (the year 1992), point in the past (the year 1992), we
we need past tense. The 'which' need past tense. 'primarily
refers to $7.4 Bn - illogical. resulting ...' illogically modifies
$7.4Bn.

proof for' is unidiomatic. proof for' is unidiomatic. proof for' is unidiomatic.

evidence of people' is incorrect. evidence of people' is incorrect. The Correct answer.

Use 'such as' to introduce
examples instead of 'like'.
correct idiom is 'in much the same
way as'. 'much the same' indicates
that 'registering emotions' and
'experiencing heartburn' are the
same.
Correct answer. After determining ...' must modify "fossilized algae that had been
people. present" implies that such
fossilized algae are no longer
present. 'After determining ...'
must modify people. This option
is also a sentence fragment since
it contains no main subject or
verb. "that" should not be
preceded by commas.

changes' is plural. 'speed of changes' is plural. 'what the chemical reveal' (a verb) is not parallel to
expanding the outler layers of gas' elements ...' is not parallel to 'the 'the speed' (a noun phrase).
suggests that some external speed'.
agency is involved in the act of
expanding.

the first "it" is incorrect. Note that the features look just like those at to' indicates intention. so, 'the
"it" cannot refer to an entire the base of Antarctic ice streams' is features look just like those at
clause. not a suggestion. the base of Antarctic ice streams
to suggest' does not make any
sense. "suggest X as Y" requires
parallelism between X and Y.
Here, X (= [flowing] ice --> a noun
form where "flowing" is just a
modifier) is not parallel to Y (=
having carved the giant Martian
channels --> a present
participle/modifier).
"turtles" are not with "other
reptiles".
"Less than" is the right usage.
"Less as" is incorrect.
CORRECT ANSWER. Clear and
concise.
"their" is redundant as removing it CORRECT ANSWER. Comparison is
does not alter the intended
meaning.
less than' is the right usage not
'less as'.
"are able to + can endure" does not "as other reptiles do" suggests
make sense. If the sentence reads that other reptiles DO ENDURE
"as other reptiles can", then the long fasts. Note that this distorts
sentence could have been correct. the original meaning. The original
(because we can infer "endure" from suggests that other reptiles have
ellipsis). the ability to endure long fasts.
We do not whether they endure
them or not. This option suggests
other reptiles DO endure, but we
do not know whether they are
adequately equipped to face
such situations or not.
"Less than" is the right usage. "Less "Less than" is the right usage.
as" is incorrect. "Less as" is incorrect. 'women
who ate' and 'women eating' are
not perfectly parallel.
Command subjunctive requires the Command subjunctive requires
simple form of the verb - "undergo". the simple form of the verb -
"undergo". Removing "is to"
conveys the meaning perfectly.
"without being assisted by a
correct. Clear and Concise rocket" seems to refer to "high
speeds". Note that "with
ramjets" is a non-essential
modifier (the sentence must
make sense even if it is
removed).
less than' is the right usage not 'less CORRECT ANSWER. Uses 'less
as'. than' correctly. Clear and
concise.
Them' does not have a clear "captured customers" is not parallel CORRECT ANSWER. Removes
antecendent. It could refer to to "it also forced them …" pronoun ambiguity by using
'customers' or 'other phone 'these companies'.
companies'.

Suggests that there were some willingness increasing' suggests that CORRECT ANSWER.
rental markets that were renewed. there were two versions of
(and thus some were not). "being willingness. (One increasing, the
increased" suggests that other decreasing).
someone/something increased the
willingness. Also, since "being
increased" suggests that SOME
willingness was increased/ some
was not.

CORRECT ANSWER. "greater than" "greater than" should be used "their numbers now fivefold
is used because we are dealing because we are dealing with what they were" does not
with numbers/quantities. numbers/quantities. describe HOW it survived a close
brush with extinction. "their"
cannot refer to the singular "the
Arctic gyrfalcon".

", and its trunk originally evovled"
suggests that this part is parallel to
the main clause "australian
embryologists have found
evidence …"
present perfect "has suggested"
implies that the evidence NO longer
suggests this. Use simple present for
general truths. "descended" does
not make (it implies a literal climbing
down -- Illogical) sense either. "its
trunk originally evolving …" suggests
that this is HOW the elephant IS
descended.
Use of past perfect 'had
descended' is incorrect. There is
only one past event here. "had
descended" suggests a literal
climbing down. "with its trunk
originally evolving" does not
make sense as it does not
describe HOW the elephant is
descended.

Incorrectly compares 'twelve-tone "twelve tone system" is also CORRECT ANSWER. Correctly
system' and 'Bartók'. compared to "Bartok". "which" must compares 'Schoenberg' &
be separated by commas. 'Bartók'.
CORRECT ANSWER. 'Red wine'
correctly modifies 'alcohol'.
"in a previous design, the weight
is concentrated …" -- does not
make much sense. This design is
no longer used. Hence, simple past
would be more appropriate.
"there are provisions of the new
maritime code that provide" --
redundant construction.
"red wine" incorrectly refers to
"alcohol consumption" -- Illogical.
"according to a previous design, the CORRECT ANSWER.
weight was concentrated …" --
"according to" does not make much
sense here. This implies that
"previous design" states an opinion.
CORRECT ANSWER.
the basic structure is - "in a 1991
report, moderate alcohol
consumption caused sales of
wines to begin to grow again" --
clearly nonsense.
"already stimulating" refers to
the subject "tiny islets". Does
not make sense. "large sea
areas under provisions of the
new maritime code" -- seems to
modify "large sea areas". Not the
intended meaning.
A noun clause such as "what is "period + have been established" is Singular 'period' needs singular
much more difficult to determine" incorrect. "what is much more 'has' not plural 'have'. The
is always singular. difficult to determine" is singular. pronoun "that" does not have a
referent.

"excepting for" incorrectly refers this is a run-on sentence (two CORRECT ANSWER.
to "Mauritius". Furthermore, this is complete clauses connected by only
a run-on sentence (two complete a comma). "except in" refers to the
clauses connected by only a clause on its left -- "Mauritius was a
comma). British Colony for 200 years".
However, it should have referred to
the clause on its right.

rock samples' is plural and requires rock samples' is plural and requires Dated to be' is unidiomatic.
plural verbs 'have' and 'are' . plural verbs 'have'. The second
'Dated to be' is unidiomatic. clause after "and" does not have a
verb.
Singular 'it' cannot refer to plural
'profits'.
CORRECT ANSWER. Singular 'it' cannot refer to plural
'profits'. We need the past
perfect "had expected" to
suggest that this happened
before the profits declined.

CORRECT ANSWER. 'Rousseau' is Incorrectly compares 'Rousseau' to this sentence suggests that
correctly compared with 'Tolstoi'. 'rebellion'. Tolstoi played the role of/acted
as Rousseau. Not the intended
meaning.

"both weakened by" and "by "which" illogically refers to "dollar". "because it was weakened" and
growing" are not parallel. "which" "continuing its slide …" illogically "by growing fears" are not
illogically refers to "dollar". refers to the subject of the previous parallel. "raise in inflation" is
clause "concern". incorrect.

The fungus did not weave and "and so becoming" -- not parallel to CORRECT ANSWER. Clearly
grow to become the largest anything else. conveys the intended meaning.
organism ("to" specifies intent).
The result just happened and was
not intended. This option does not
convey the intended meaning
correctly.
"had been" cannot work as a
substitute for the verb
"shattered". "more audaciously
than AA or DM had been
[shattered]" does not make sense.
On the other hand "did [shatter]"
or "had [shattered]" makes sense.
The modifier 'After a career…
Madison' incorrectly modifies HT. It
should modify ER. Also, since we are
referring to a specific time in the
past ("in 1945") we need to use the
simple past, not the past perfect
"had appointed".
The modifier 'After a career…
Madison' incorrectly modifies
HT. It should modify ER. Past
perfect "had appointed" is
incorrect. "she shattered
expectations with an audacity
never matched in the case of
AA" is unidiomatic.

CORRECT ANSWER. Parallelism is
maintained.
Coming from both natural sources … "being" used as a modifier here is
and from a host of human sources' is redundant. "comes from both
not parallel. Also, "coming from both natural sources and from a host
natural sources …" does not make of human sources" is not parallel.
sense as a modifier to "methane has
long been counted among the
greeenhouse gases …"

CORRECT ANSWER. Parallelism is
maintained.
"shown that" must be followed by a "shown that" must be followed
clause. In this case it is "individuals + by a clause. If we ignore the
one giant modifier". "who" modifier, the structure is
this -- "shown that when
speaking, individuals, that they
nevertheless make hand gestures
…". Not a clause. Also, "that"
should not be preceded by
commas.

"their" does not have an "even that they remove them" is not "biologists are recommending
antecedent. Moreover, "cutting parallel to anything else. Moreover, that trout stocking be cut back in
back on trout stocking" and "their the pronouns here refer to two some states" -- cut back by
being removed" is not parallel. different things. whom? Not clear.
"they would begin smoking as
women who went to college." --
this implies that they would start
smoking in the role of women who
went to college.
the option reads - "the discovery
of glass + modifier". Not the
intended meaning. "being
expandable" and "able to be
shaped" are not parallel.
This is a sentence fragment. Also,
the modifier "processing nearly
three quarters of all …" does not
make sense with "then rebuilt in
1900".
"women with less than a high "more likely as" is unidiomatic.
school education had 3 times the
likelihood of beginning smoking as
women who went to college". This
sentence implies that such women
when functioning as women who
went to college have 3 times the
likelihood of beginning smoking --
Nonsense.
the option reads - "the discovery of
glass + modifier". Not the intended
meaning. "that is capable of
expansion" is not parallel to "shaped
by human breath".
this sentence has a nonsense
meaning. It implies that "processing
immigrants" happened before
"opened".
"being capable of expansion and
that it can be …" -- are not
parallel. the option reads - "the
discovery of glass + modifier".
Not the intended meaning.
note that -ing modifiers take on
the same tense as the main
clause (except for perfect
participles -- option B). This
means that "processing" and
"first opened" and "being
rebuilt" ALL happened in the
same timeframe. Illogical.
Moreover, the modifier "being
rebuilt" does not make sense
with the main clause "first
opened".
"they" and "their" have no clear
antecedents.
"in up to 40 percent of elderly
people …, they have deficient
levels of these nutrients in their
blood." -- does not make any
sense.
"their profits" is incorrect because "their profits" is incorrect because CORRECT ANSWER. Uses singular
"the computer company" is
singular.
CORRECT ANSWER. Clear and
concise.
Use of present perfect 'have CORRECT ANSWER. Clear and
consumed' is incorrect. This concise. Simple past is used.
implies that in societies where
people have consumed little salt at
some time in the past, blood
pressure does not rise with age.
(since the present tense is used here,
the result is valid for any time in the
future as well -- this does not make
much sense). Simple present must
be used for generalizations. Also,
"their blood pressure" = "societies'
blood pressure". Nonsense.
"in up to 40 percent of elderly Parallelism is broken. 'Consumed'
people, they consume one or more and 'having' are not parallel.
essential nutrients insufficiently" --
does not make any sense. (suggests
that 40% of elderly people are in
40% of elderly people [they]).
"the computer company" is singular. 'it'.
"a commonly used and a more Use of future tense 'will' is
expensive blood- thinning drug" -- incorrect. The verb here must be
suggests that there are two drugs. in the same time frame as
"prevents" to make sense. Using
"will" Implies that the
commonly-used drug does NOT
prevent blood clots now, but will
do so in the future.
"has increased in the previous CORRECT ANSWER. "over the last 30 Increase in what? Not clear.
thirty years" -- which 30 years are years + present perfect" implies an
we talking about? Not clear. "has action that started in the past and
increased" does not make sense has continued to the present.
when we are talking about a
completed time in the past.
(previous 30 years).

CORRECT ANSWER. "each" and "their" cannot be used "each" and "their" cannot be
together. used together.

"like" is not used to suggest
examples.
CORRECT ANSWER. Correct usage of "like" is not used to suggest
'such as' to provide examples. examples. "also about relative
merits of competition and
cooperation" should be
separated by "and". Otherwise, it
suggests that "also about …"
modifies/describes "attitudes
toward children".

CORRECT ANSWER - Uses the right Incorrect idiom - "So gradual so that" "gradual enough not to be
idiom "so X as Y" distinguishable" is unidiomatic.

"like" cannot be used to state
examples. Also, "tar sands, heavy
oil, and perhaps even in shale" is
not parallel. "as much + than" is
unidiomatic.
"like" cannot be used to state
examples. Also, "tar sands, heavy
oil, and perhaps even in shale" is
not parallel. "than are" cannot
substitute for "exists". "as much +
than" is unidiomatic.
"tar sands, heavy oil, and
perhaps even in shale" is not
parallel. The verb "are" cannot
substitute for "exists" (we cannot
say "are exists").

"exhibit the kind of curiosity so
that new patterns of behavior and
expression can be
passed on " -- "so that" specifies
intent. Not logical.
"will exhibit" implies that they do
not exhibit such behavior now, but
will do so in the future. "so that" is
used to specify intent and hence
does not make sense here.
"will exhibit" implies that they do
not exhibit such behavior now,
but will do so in the future. "so
that" is used to specify intent
and hence does not make sense
here.
The underlined portion needs to The underlined portion needs to The underlined portion needs
compare an entity that is similar to compare an entity that is similar to to compare an entity that is
"H.Ross Perot's independent run". "H.Ross Perot's independent run". similar to "H.Ross Perot's
Incorrect. "both of whom" must be Incorrect. "each of whom ran as independent run". Incorrect.
followed by a clause here. independent candidates" also does Moreover, "which" cannot be
not make sense. used to refer to people. "both of
which ran as an
independent candidate" is also
incorrect.

"rising interest rates" is singular. Correct answer. "a rise" is singular.

CORRECT ANSWER. the pronoun "that" does not have an "double as much as the increase
antecedent. …" is a noun modifier and thus
refers to 1990. Incorrect. (simple
check -- "no. of people rose
double" does not make sense.
Not an adverbial modifier, but a
noun modifier).
"grassroots campaign + has
convinced" is incorrect.
"or perhaps even if they push
them lower" -- not parallel. "if" is
used to introduce conditional
statements. Its usage here does
not make sense. The pronouns
"they" and "them" refer to two
different things.
CORRECT ANSWER. Note that "using
websites …" serves as a noun
modifier to "grassroots campaing". It
is separated by dashes because "that
has convinced" is ALSO a noun
modifier to "grassroots campaign".
"by its keeping interest rates low" -- Correct answer - perfectly
the pronoun "its" is unnecessary as parallel.
the "by keeping" refers to the
subject "the Federal Reserve". "by
their pushing them lower" -- "their"
is unnecessary. Moreover, "their"
and "them" refer to 2 different
things.
"by using websites, public
meetings, and mass mailings"
describes HOW the campaign
was organized (= plan or
arrange for something). Does
not make sense. "has organized
a successful campaign in
convincing the Department of
Agriculture". "in convincing"
suggests that "organizing" was a
part of the actual "convincing".
Not logical.
"that" should not be preceded by
commas. "several posts included
assistant majority whip and vice-
chair …" -- this suggests that
"assistant majority whip" is
within/part of those posts. Not
logical.
"includes" does not agree with Correct answer. This refers to
"several posts". "includes" suggests "several posts within the
that "assistant majority whip" and Democratic party".
"vice-chair" are within/part of
those posts. Not logical. Finally,
"which" CANNOT jump over "during
his time" (not an essential modifier
to Democratic Party but an adverbial
modifier to "was appointed") to
refer to "several posts".

Correct answer. the usage of "being" is redundant as
removing it does not impact the
meaning. "all of which + its" --
pronoun error.
this reads "some colonies that
formed as commercial ventures".
Implies that the colonies
THEMSELVES formed as
commercial ventures. Note the
wording used in option A --"some
[that were] formed as
commercial ventures". "all + its"
-- pronoun error.
"proven records of their not
paying back their loans on time" --
1st "their" is not required and
hence redundant. Moreover, the
modifier "collectively known as …"
is too far removed from the noun
it should modify -- "borrowers".
The modifier "with the simple
thesis of consumers having ..."
does not make sense as it
describes HOW the Council
"began publishing Shopping for a
Better World". "a simple thesis"
should rather refer to the noun
"Shopping for a Better World". We
need a noun modifier, not an
adverbial modifier like "with".
Correct answer.
"simple thesis of consumers +
modifier" -- unacceptable distortion
in meaning. Note that this kind of
thing is OK when we use "with".
"with such a group collectively
known as subprime lending
market" is an adverbial that
describes HOW the company
"would lend money to borrowers
with patchy records". We need a
modifier that refers to
"borrowers with proven records
of not paying back on time".
"such a group" = "of a similar
kind/like the type specified
before" does not make sense.
We want to refer to the exact
same group of borrowers, not
ones of a similar type.
"where" should be used to refer
to physical locations. Incorrect.
This -- "consumers having the
power to change companies by
the simple
expedient of refusing to buy" is
not a thesis. It is "consumers +
modifier". Not a thesis.
"reduced the amount of time "reduced the amount of time "in + verbing" describes
needed by workers so that they needed by workers when workers something happened during/in
could produce a ton of steel." --"so are producing a ton of steel" -- time the process of verbing. "workers
that" specifies purpose. Does not needed for what? Not clear. "are need time" was not something
make sense here. producing" does not make sense as that happened/was not a part of
we are referring to a specific point in production of steel. Moreover,
the past 1982-88. "from 11 hours in 1982 to 6
hours in 1988" specifies a certain
time in the past 1982-1988. Only
simple past makes sense.

"because + therefore" is "them" doesn't have antecedent. CORRECT ANSWER

redundant. "stinger is able to be Parallelism dictates this - "the
pulled out" is incorrect because comparative smoothness then can
this is not something that stingers therefore use it". Nonsense.
CAN do. Sentence fragment. The
subordinator "whereas" does not
have a main clause to attach.
D E SOLUTION DIFFICULTY
OA. Uses bossy verb. Modifier is Sentence reduces to Elizabeth D
concise and accurate Candy Stanton … she
scandalized. This is an incorrect
construction

"Which" modifies the noun idea Pronoun "it" correctly E

located closest to it. In this case it references the company.
references country. "the company "Which" correctly modifies book
will increase in its share" is market.
incorrect.

This is a sentence fragment. It does 'Ratio of 42 times' is redundant. C

not have an active verb. Also, this The word 'earning' makes the
answer option changes the sentence a fragment. This
meaning of the sentence - WE are sentence also nonsensically
referring only to those who earn implies that the recent review
419 times the pay of blue-collar indicates CEOs. 42 times of
workers. Also, a recent review does what? Not clear.
not indicate "CEO's".
The verb 'includes' should be The verb 'includes' should be A
'include' as '32 species of dolphin' 'include' as '32 species of
is plural. "as BIG as 30 ft LONG" is dolphin' is plural. "and it is" - the
redundant and incorrect. "it" breaks the parallelism.

The antecedent of 'which' is not The antecedent of 'which' is not B

clear. Grammatically it modifies clear. Gramatically it modifies
'presidential campaign of 1992'. 'presidential campaign of 1992'.
This is incorrect. 'Than was so' is This is incorrect. The pronoun
incorrect. "so" refers to the entire 'it' does not have a clear
clause - "soaring television costs antecedent. The present
accounted …" - this makes for a perfect tense 'has been' is
faulty comparison. We are trying to incorrect. Simple past should be
compare proportions to used as we are referring to a
proportions. specific time - in any previous
election.

caused not by ….. But a' is not
parallel.
"700,000 artists took more than 36
years to complete" - Complete
what? Not clear.
caused not by but are by' is not C
parallel.
The pronoun 'them' incorrectly C
refers to 'the army'. Note that
"and" requires parallelism. "to
complete them …" is not parallel
to anything.
 The 2 clauses around 'but' are not "either + as well as" - incorrect. B
parallel. 'burning down individual
trees' is not parallel to 'do not
denude forests'
CORRECT ANSWER. The modifier is
properly structured and placed. To
change and to drop are parallel.
The modifier "causing …" refers to
"woolly adelgid".
"had not been counted" - past
perfect here implies that this
action happened before the action
in the past tense - "were cast". This
is clearly illogical.
To Drop' and 'Their dropping' D
are not parallel. The
demonstrative pronoun "this"
cannot refer to an entire clause.
Dropping "that" after B
"estimated" changes the
meaning of the sentence. The
study did NOT estimate 4 million
to 6 million votes but the IDEA
THAT 4 million to 6 million votes
were not counted.
CORRECT ANSWER- Note that Incorrectly compares 'a great D
"than" requires perfect parallelism. deal more' with 'now'. The verb
This option places two clauses in 'do' is missing.
parallel - "demographers would
have to know a great deal more"
AND "they do now". Note the
usage of the hypothetical "would".
This implies an unreal/unlikely
scenario. For example - If I were
tall, I would be in the basketball
team. (I am not tall; hence, I am
not in the basketball team).
similarly, this question talks about
an unreal situtaion. i.e.
demographers DO NOT know a
great deal more about economic
determinants of fertility. Hence,
they CANNOT develop more
accurate population forecasts.

Rate of fatty food' is a wrong Rate of people' is a wrong B

phrase.
We needFatty foodhere
a "that" has no rate.
to talk phrase. People have no rate.
Expectations of' is wrong. 'that B
about an idea. We are not just of 1.4 percent growth is wrong'.
referring to "expectations of Usage of "that it more than
personal spending" but an IDEA doubled …" is incorrect. Note
THAT "personal spending would than an appositive phrase must
more than double that of ..". "that be parallel to the phrase/clause
of 1.4 percent growth". The it modifies. You need
pronoun "that" does not refer to "expectations that ...".
anything. The comma + -ing
modifier at the end - "more than
doubling ..." does not make sense
either as a descriptor or as an
effect.
The idiom form is ' so.. That …'. The
sentence does not conform to the
idiom. "they" refers to "many
skeletons". Also, "skeletons"
cannot presume anything."so that"
implies intention. It seems to imply
that they have presumed
something with the intention that
some paleoentologists argued
that ... - clearly illogical.
CORRECT ANSWER. The sentence
maintains parallelism. The
participial modifier 'including'
correctly modifies the entire
preceeding clause.
Society cannot be almost entirely
females. It can consist of almost
entirely females. "and it is almost
entirely …" - the "it" breaks the
parallelism.
Usage of 'so that' is incorrect. It
seems to imply intent; there is
none in the sentence.
'temperatures are so cold' and 'ice
cap reflective' are not parallel.
"they" refers to "many B
skeletons". Also, "skeletons"
cannot presume anything. "and"
breaks the relationship that "so
that" implies.
the establishing', 'the closing'
and 'requiring' are not parallel.
"that are caught" seems to
imply that we establish size for
sharks after they are caught -
clearly illogical. We need to say
"that can be caught".
D
"and it consists almost entirely B
…" - the "it" breaks the
parallelism with "highly
cooperative" and "organized".
Usage of 'so that' is incorrect. B
'so cold' and 'reflects' are not
parallel. Moreover reflects
what?
CORRECT ANSWER. Idiom ' as much "as much X as Y" -X and Y must D
as' is correctly used. Parallelism is be perfectly parallel. X =
maintained
melting the polar ice caps' is an
action, not a consequence. "sea
levels that are rising" seems to
imply that "sea levels" are
consequence of the greenhouse
effect - not logical.
"gathered by satellites" needs to
be an essential modifier because
we are referring to a specific type
of data - data gathered by
satellites. Scientists did not report
the "earth's northern latitudes" but
the idea that "earth's northern
latitudes have grown warmer".
Usage of "having become …" is
incorrect.
CORRECT ANSWER. Compares
colleagues with BM.
because …; Y = that … - not
parallel. "sales of a year +
earlier" does not make it clear to
which year's sales we are
referring.
CORRECT ANSWER. Parallelism E
is maintained. Note also that
GMAT prefers the action noun
form - "a rise" to "the rising".
Note also that "melting" does
not have such an action noun
form.
This is a sentence fragment as C
the sentence does not have a
main clause, only a subordinate
clause - "after …"
Barbara Clintock was not "with" D
many of her colleagues. "being"
is used here as a modifier. This
sentence then essentially means
"were of the conviction of genes
+ Modifier" - this sentence is
clearly nonsense.
the sentence basically reads - "with more than half the C
"twelve hospitals were investigated residents …" serves as a modifier
by state medical hospitals + to "that many residents work for
modifier" - clearly not the main 24 hours straight". However,
idea. The investigation did not find this usage is incorrect as the
"all twelve hospitals" but the idea action in the modifier does NOT
that "all twelve broke the law". "all have any bearing on the action
twelve breaking the laws" is not in the main clause - i.e. how
parallel to the clause "more than they worked 24 hours straight.
half the surgical residents work ..." Note also that we need an "and"
to connect "that all twelve ..."
and "that many residents
work ..." "Of twelve hospitals" -
12 hospitals of what? which?
not clear. Option D makes it
clear that "of 12 hospitals that
were investigated.

Correct comparison. Compares shoppers to D

department stores. The pronoun
'he or she' should be used to
refer to 'some one' instead of
'they'. "shoppers in … shop very
little" is blatantly redundant.
Also, this option does not make
clear who "someone" is. In
option D, "someone" clearly
refers to a person who is in for a
basketball.
"compared with …" refers to
"seven passengers".
"and" requires parallelism. This
option places a clause in parallel to
a phrase - "and also on
constructing and …" Note also that
we do not need a comma before
AND. We use a comma only to
connect two independent clauses
or 3 or more items in a list.
"with the power of giving and
taking …" modifies the preceding
clause. However, it does not have
any bearing on the action depicted
in that - "dwelt".
"what the drug's maker charges
for another
Similar product"
to' must is the same
be followed by a
noun, not a clause. "similar to" also
seems to modify "democratic
capitalism".
"compared with …" refers to A
"seven passengers". Also, if we
remove the intervening non-
essential modifiers the sentence
reads - "minivans the cost is
lower"- incorrect. "minivans +
they" is redundant.
"as well as" seems to modify B
"creative energy", not "the
creating of …". Also, note that
the GMAT prefers the action
noun "creation" to the gerund
form "creating".
The participial modifer 'having; A
modifies the entire preceeding
clause 'who dwelt ..... floor'. This
does not make sense as "having
the power …" has no bearing on
where he dwelt.
at which’-‘at price’ won’t make C
sense.
CORRECT ‘maker charges
ANSWER. Theatmodifier
price’ E
is correctly structured and
placed. Also note the idiomatic
structure.
The pronoun 'have' incorrectly
refers to singular 'coyote'. The
modifier "though subject …..
Century' incorrectly modifies
'amazing ability of the coyote'.
"expand the range" - usage of
"the" is incorrect. Not clear what
range we are referring to.
The modifier "though subject ….. C
Century' incorrectly modifies
'amazing ability of the coyote'.
"expand the range" - usage of
"the" is incorrect. Not clear
what range we are referring to.

effort for 15 years' implies that the CORRECT ANSWER. Verbs used E
satellites were part of the effort for are plural.
15 years but that the effort itself
has lasted for more than 15 years.

Cultivation', 'harvest', and Cultivating', 'harvest' and 'they B

'exploiting' are not parallel. Usage
of "their" - "their cultivation" - is
not required and also breaks the
parallelism with "the harvest" and
"exploiting".
exploited' are not parallel. We
use "such + as" to introduce
examples, not "such + like".
Usage of "their" is redundant.
Idiom issue- ‘so..that’ is the correct CORRECT ANSWER. The idiom E
idiom. ‘so..so that’ is wrong.The 'so.. That ..' is used correctly.
modifier 'So dogged …. Persistent' There are no modifier issues.
incorrectly modifies AES. 'So
dogged' and 'was so persistent' are
not parallel. The sentence also
does not answer the question -
lobbying by whom?

CORRECT ANSWER. Removed Usage of 'due to' is wrong. This D

pronoun ambiguity. option states that the mystical
level is due to an ichana.

‘any month’ is incorrect as 'July' CORRECT ANSWER. 'More… E

itself is part of any month. than' used correctly. 'Any other
month' used correctly.
‘which’ incorrectly modifies
‘prescription drugs’. 'Not just
because' and 'but doctors are' are
not parallel.
CORRECT ANSWER. Subject and
verb are in agreement.
"because of + Verb-ing" is
considered unidiomatic.
Modifier issue- ‘which’ modifies B
‘prescription drugs’. 'Because of'
(a phrase) AND 'because'
(followed by a clause) are not
parallel. "have also written"
begs the question - what else
did the doctors do? Hence, the
usage of "also" is incorrect.
This is a run on sentence - two D
independent clauses are
connected by comma. The
clause ‘also occasionally are
dealing’ does not have a subject.
"its proponents" seems to refer A
to "proponents of skimming".
Also, note that the two "it" s
refer to two different things. The
second "it" refers to "that a
proposed new style of aircraft".
that of moderate growth' is policy makers' needs plural ‘are’ A
incorrect. There is no antecedent and not singular ‘is’.
for the pronoun 'that'. "will be
certain" changes the meaning by
implying that the action will
happen in the future, not now.
(right now, they might change the
rates).

Singular 'is' cannot refer to plural As' is incorrectly used. A

'interactions'. We do not use
present continuous to state
general truths. Use simple present
instead.

the main idea of the sentence is Concerns did not lead between A
"there were concerns about public 1876 and 1904. This distorts the
health" - this is not the intended meaning of the sentence. This
idea. "leading to …" seems to does not indicate when the
modify "public health". "serving construction happened. Only
boston" seems to imply that the when "leading" happened. "for
sewers were in place during the serving" is inferior to "to serve".
construction. (Note that -ing
modifiers do not have any tense).
Also, this option seems to talk
about "specific" concerns. this
distorts the meaning. "leading
to ..." must be separated by a
comma to denote effect.
this answer option changes the
meaning of the sentence. The
original sentence says that "any
specific skill" is less of a cause than
"in our ability to extend
knowledge". This option says it
does not lie "in any specific skill".
"Consider as" is unidiomatc. "ability CORRECT ANSWER.
of" is unidiomatic.
"being" is used as a modifier. Here,
it is redundant since removing the
term does not alter the meaning of
the sentence. "to have self-
confidence, a high self-esteem, and
be responsibly independent" are
not parallel. "they" does not agree
with "adolescent".
this sentence reads - C
"distinctions of our intelligence"
- this changes the meaning. "lay"
is the wrong verb here. "lay"
means to place. The original
sentence says that "any specific
skill" is less of a cause than "in
our ability to extend
knowledge". This option says it
does not lie "in any specific
skill".
E
'recongnizing' and
'sponteneously grasping' are
parallel. Just 'consider' is used
which is idiomatically correct.
Permissive parents are A
compared to children
incorrectly. Usage of "the" in
"the more likely" is incorrect. "to
have self-confidence, a high self-
esteem, and to be responsibly
independent" are not parallel.
"children" does not agree with
"adolescent".
singular ‘market’ needs singular
‘remains’ not plural ‘remain’
Was extended' is in the passive
voice. It implies an external actor modifier extending correctly
(someone) extended/increased the modifies the preceeding clause.
length of the roads - not the
original meaning (the road
stretched from point A to point B).
Note that "being" here is
redundant. Removing this does not
change the meaning of the
sentence.
The usage of "while" is not correct
here. "while not necessarily a
foreshadowing…" does not have a
bearing on the main clause "the
increase resulted from temporary
factors".
Usage of "ensure + should" is
incorrect. "ensure" = Must;
"should" = a moral obligation (not
compulsory).
'Like' is used incorrectly to E
give examples. "the
commodities of aluminium" Is
incorrect. "aluminium" is a
commodity.
CORRECT ANSWER. Particpial E
The usage of "while" is not C
correct here. "while it did not
necessarily foreshadow…" does
not have a bearing/contrast on
the main clause "the increase
resulted from temporary
factors".
Singular 'this' cannot refer to A
plural 'rules'. Also, note that
"this" must serve as an adjective
and cannot be used on its own.
We need a "that" after "ensure".
"at least" seems to modify "to
be assigned" (that is one nurse
should have more
responsibilities than just
handling patients).
Incorrect comparison. Grassy fields
and Old pastures are compared to
"sandpipers' vanishing". "like X, Y
…" should not have an intervening
modifer; in this case - "in the
northeastern united states".
Incorrect comparison. Grassy B
fields and Old pastures are
compared to 'sandpipers'
vanishing'. This is a sentence
fragment as it has no active
verb. "development" and
"changing" are not parallel. "like
X, Y …" should not have an
intervening modifer; in this case
- "in the northeastern united
states".

CORRECT ANSWER. Correctly uses "so that" specifies intent. This D

the pronoun 'whose'. Uses simple suggests that "raises water bills"
future 'will raise'. It is concise. is done with a purpose.

'Plural 'trenches' cannot be used in CORRECT ANSWER. Subject and E

conjunction with singular Verb are in agreement. Use of
'yields'.Use of past continous 'were simple past 'arose' is correct.
arising' is not preferred. "evidence
of centrally adminstered societies"
is not the intended meaning. The
intended meaning is the idea THAT
"centrally administered societies
arose simultaneously with more
celebrated cities of Mesopotamia".
"simultaneously of" is unidiomatic
(as is implied in the sentence). We
need to say "simultaneously with".
"were trimming" implies an unreal
situation - that is non-OPEC
countries are NOT trimming their
output now. Then the use of
"future real" tense "will pare" is
incorrect. We need the
hypothetical "would".
CORRECT ANSWER. Note that E
there is no comma before "only
if". "trim + will pare" are
compatible. (if X happens, Y will
happen)

CORRECT ANSWER. Expresses Which' incorrectly modifies D

causality correctly and is concise. 'exhibit'. It should modify
'touch'. Also note that "which"
must be preceded by commas.

so weak as' construction is 'As weak as' construction is not A

unidiomatic. This is a sentence maintained. This is a sentence
fragment as it does not have an fragment as it does not have an
active verb. "by some analysts" active verb.
suggests passive voice. The
sentence then reads - "as weak as
the economy was previously
thought by some analysts". We
need the infinitive "to be" to make
the meaning clear - "as weak as the
economy was previously thought
to be by some analysts".

"preventing AND inhibiting" does CORRECT ANSWER. It is concise E

not make sense. If it "prevents", no and conveys the meaning
question of "inhibits" arises. We clearly.
need to use "OR" instead.
which' incorrectly modifies 'New This is a sentence fragment as B
York'. Note that the contrast the sentence does not have an
between "40 ft wide … but ran 363 active verb.
miles" is missing

CORRECT ANSWER. Removed the "both X and Y" - X and Y must be D

word 'both' perfectly parallel.
the placement of the modifier "which" refers to atmosphere. C
"warmed by the sun" is incorrect. "to form as clouds". The use of
The past-participle modifier must "as" is not required.
refer to a noun phrase immediately
before it. (not present here).
"which" refers to "dust" - illogical.

Sentence fragment. Also, if we the usage of "which" is C

remove the intervening non- incorrect.
essential modifier, the sentence
reads - "increases in the sales of
the 50 drugs that were advertised
most heavily while the remainder
of the increase came" - Illogical.

"having" is problematic, because "having" is problematic, because B

mexico doesn't "have" that share mexico doesn't "have" that
of people anymore. (the people are share of people anymore. (the
gone from mexico--they live in the people are gone from mexico--
US now). they live in the US now).
The plural subject 'movements'
needs plural verb 'are'.
"synchronize to" is unidiomatic.
CORRECT ANSWER. The absolute
modifier is correctly used.
Modifiers are correctly placed and
structured.
CORRECT ANSWER. Uses 'threat
of', 'sales of'. 'threat' and 'decline' from X" = X threatens. "Threat
are parallel.
Incorrect comparison between
'mammals' and 'tubes'.
"movements" do not have C
agency. They cannot
synchronize to something by
themselves. Hence, we cannot
use the active voice. We need
passive voice to indicate that
somebody/something else did
the synchronizing.
If the modifiers are removed the D
sentence reduces to 'While
studying….corn, BM, leading
to ..'. This is a sentence
fragment as there is no active
verb.
Threat from' is incorrect. "threat D
of' is preferred. "threat of X" = X
is the threat. 'Sales for' is
incorrect. 'Sales of' is preferred.
"these" is incorrect as
demonstrative pronouns must
have a noun to modify. They
cannot be used independently.
"which" refers to bone cells. A
"Unlike X, Y" - Y should not have
an intervening modifier. "in
birds" is an intervening modifier
to "the tubes" -this is incorrect.
RW and RE are not novels. The list CORRECT ANSWER. The list after E
following - should have novels.
CORRECT ANSWER. Absolute
modifier is correctly used. 'Sits' and not parallel.
'Provides' are parallel.
CORRECT ANSWER.
Injured three times' is in active
voice and changes the meaning of
the sentence. It implies that she
injured someone else three times.
Also, note that we need the past
perfect "had become too ill" to
indicate the sequence of events
clearly.
'-' has novels. Parallelism is
maintained.
is sitting' and 'It provides' are D
"while" is used to indicate D
contrast. There is none in the
sentence. "in the last year"
refers to a specific time in the
past. Use of present perfect -
"has plummeted" - is incorrect.
Removing "because" removes A
the causality and changes the
meaning of the sentence. This
sentence does not tells us WHY
she was discharged. Usage of
"having been …" changes the
sequence of events. It implies
that "injured" and "discharged"
happened before she joined the
army.
Singular 'merger' needs to have a CORRECT ANSWER. Specifies the
singular verb 'is' not plural 'are'. two companies clearly.
There need to be two companies.
This option also seems to say that
"the merger" itself is doing "the
intending"; the merger has an
intent - illogical.

E
Singular 'employee' cannot be used "whenever" is a subordinate A
in conjunction with plural 'commit'. clause. We do not use a comma
"while acting within the scope …" to separate a subordinate clause
seems to refer to "it" (crime) - not that is placed at the end of a
the intended meaning. sentence. Also, the main clause
reads "the corporation, commits
a crime" - the usage of comma
before "commits" makes this
sentence incorrect. "whenever"
and "if" are not parallel. Also,
the meaning of this sentence is
nonsense - "the corporation
commits a crime whenever the
employee acted within the
scope of his or her authority".

CORRECT ANSWER. Incorrectly compares 'range' and D

'male bear'.
This is a sentence fragment.
"which" incorrectly modifies
"hurricanes". Also, note that "has"
does not agree with "hurricanes".
"occurring + there" is B
redundant. 'Such …. Like' is
incorrect. "not in just such
calamitous bursts …" seems to
imply that coastal erosion does
not occur in "calamitous bursts"
- not the intended meaning.

Usage of "would" (future in the Changes the meaning. Implies C

past/hypothetical) is incorrect. "but that the "asteroid" itself would
it would probably …" is not parallel be damaged. "it could
to "can do part of the planet …" experience …" is not parallel to
(No subject in the first half). "is about half a mile wide".

past participial modifiers describe both' and 'as well as' together B
the immediately preceding are redundant. "current
noun/noun-phrase. "significanlty" downturn" requires the use of
is an adverb. Hence, incorrect. The present perfect - "has reduced".
usage of a conditional "especially if
focused …" does not make sense.
"focused …" should have referred
to "magazines" but here it refers to
"advertising income".

Also, this implies that ONLY about Plural 'dollars' cannot be used in A
857 million dollars proved conjunction with singular 'it'.
unpopular. "it" cannot refer to
"dollars".
Not clear what "the energy" refers
to. Of the world? Of Germany? Not
clear. Seems to imply that 33
percent of ALL energy comes from
Germany.
We do not use a comma before the
"and" to join two verb phrases.
Also, the second part - "results in
not making sense of speech" -
seems to imply that this happens
for ALL the population, not to a
specific group of children.
"to be" is not required.. Removing
it makes the sentence much more
clear. "to be supported" means
that someone/something planned
to support it but did not do it then.
"with roofs …" serves as an
adverbial modifier and should
describe HOW they lived in "open-
sided dwellings". Does not make
sense as what follows "with" MUST
describe "open-sided dwellings".
Usage of "specially" is incorrect.
"specially" = "in a special manner"; considered unidiomatic.
"especially" = "particularly".
"capability to" is unidiomatic.
"nuclear power" (all of it) is C
illogically compared to "nuclear
power in Germany" - not the
intended comparison. The last
clause reads - "nuclear power in
Germany Is just over 33%" - 33%
of what?
"ability for" is unidiomatic. 'For B
distinguishing' and 'to make' are
not parallel. "resulting in …"
refers to "the conversational
pace …" whereas it should have
logically referred to "some
children".
"are supported by .." implies A
something that is still true -
Illogical since the "Mojave
lived". (something in the past).
"with roofs …" serves as an
adverbial modifier and should
describe HOW they lived in
"open-sided dwellings". Does
not make sense as what follows
"with" MUST describe "open-
sided dwellings".
"because of + Verb-ing" is A
CORRECT ANSWER. Modifier is
correctly placed and structured.
CORRECT ANSWER. Uses simple
presente 'overcome'. Expresses
casuality correctly. The participial
modifier 'prompting' correctly
modifies the entire preceeding
clause.
"called for" indicates an intention. "in Japan" should have modified C
We need to use "so that" to specify "government committee".
intention.
A work …' incorrectly modifies
'Iliad'. It should modify 'his
translatin of illiiad'. Usage of 'it'
introduces redundancy. "took 7
years until completion" - for
whom? Not clear. "Until" used as a
preposition = "up to" (seven years
up to completion is Wrong)
"appear" does not agree with D
the singular noun "second most
massive dinosaur".
Causality of 'overcome from D
poullution' and 'routinely fell' is
not expressed. (Suggests two
categories of birds that
prompted the officials' respones
- 1. overcome by pollution 2.
routinely falling from sky). Use
of past continous 'were
prompting' is not preferred. The
sentence basically reads "birds
were prompting officials …"
A work …' incorrectly modifies B
'illiad'. It should modify 'his
translatin of illiiad'. Usage of 'it'
introduces redundancy. "took 7
years to complete" - for whom?
Not clear.
CORRECT ANSWER. "Produced not but THAT' is not parallel to D
by' 'but by' is correct. anything.

not only to investigate' and 'but not only to investigate' and 'but A
also whether' are not parallel. also whether' are not parallel.
"whether or not" is redundant.

Critiquing' and 'vision' are not Critiquing' and "his envisioning A

parallel. "critiquing" refers to
"Humphry Davy" whereas "vision"
refers to "Essay on Heat and Light".
Also, this sentence seems to imply
that Davy only criticized chemistry
from Robert Boyle.
of' are not parallel. "critiquing"
refers to "Humphry Davy"
whereas "his envisioning" refers
to "Essay on Heat and Light".

"condition of" is incorrect here. "condition of" is incorrect here. A

"condition of not having their
names …" seems to imply that
"not having their names …" has a
condition. However, the phrase
following "condition" IS the
condition
"condition of not naming them
…" seems to imply that "not
naming them …" has a
condition. However, the phrase
following "condition" IS the
condition.
CORRECT ANSWER. 'To form' and
'To lay' are parallel.
Incorrect idiom. 'Just as .. So' is the
idiom, not 'Like … so'. Refers to
ONLY those archaeologists who
need a background in art history.
Use of verb form 'have been' is
incorrect and redundant.
"Unlike X, Y" - note that we cannot
have intervening modifiers before
Y. So, "in those of …" is incorrect.
"those" does not have a proper
antecedent. We cannot say "races
of classic races …". "horses have
had winning times with little
improvement" - seems to imply
that they NO longer have such
times.
"which" should refer to "bricks". D
It refers to "mud or clay". "mud
or clay" is singular - hence,
"which were" is incorrect. Note
also the tenses used - "method
has been that" What follows the
"that" is "were formed, were
laid" - both these seem to imply
that this procedure for brick-
laying is no longer true.
"so" is not required when C
making comparisons with only
"as". Moreover, C has better
parallelism than E does.
CORRECT ANSWER. It is concise E
and conveys the meaning
clearly.
Incorrectly compares human C
runners to faster times(those) of
horses in classic races. Use of
present perfect is required with
"since".
Concieved of X to be Y' is incorrect. Concieved to be' is incorrect. It C
This option also nonsensically says is inferior to option C in
ANY "tool for private conversation" parallelism.
is "a substitute for the telephone".
Also, note that there are no
contrast indicators in the sentence.

overlaid' and 'was banked' are not overlaid' and 'was banked' are A
parallel. "overlaid" = modifier. not parallel. 'That' has no
antecedent. This causes an
incorrect comparison.

This is a sentence fragment. There CORRECT ANSWER. Correct E

is no active verb. Note that "their"
cannot refer to "tree" (also note
that "tree" seems to be an
adjective, not a noun)
usage of singular 'is' to refer to
singular 'rate. Modifier is
correctly placed and structured.
Note that this option talks about
"surest indications on Earth".
Note that the verbless clause -
"as seen in …" must refer to the
subject of the preceding clause -
"the rate at which trees grow".

plain "such that" is considered CORRECT ANSWER. Correct E

incorrect on GMAT. usage of 'so that'. Modifiers are
correctly placed and structured.
"for global managers + to them" is "an understanding of" (A C
redundant. "that they grasp the complex gerund) cannot be
pivotal issues" is not parallel to parallel to "grasping the pivotal
"understanding of cultural norms". …" (A simple gerund).

Correct answer. We are talking "would have + past participle" Is D

about unreal/hypothetical situation used to talk about unreal
in the present. Note that "were" is situations in the past. We are
a hypothetical used to indicate talking about possibilities in the
unreal situations (and not past present.
tense).

the second part reads (Because of CORRECT ANSWER. Correctly E

parallelism) - "few people are not uses "Indicates that". The two
making fuel efficiency …" (many actions use the simple form of
people are …) - not the intended tense
meaning. "have reduced" is not
perfectly parallel to "are not
making" - We need the same
tenses to convey similar ideas that
occur in the same time frame.

"trucks themselves" - "themselves" The meaning is distorted. It B

is
Theanpronoun
intensivethem
pronoun. (for
has no means that
CORRECT the trucks same of
ANSWER. E
antecedent. It cannot refer to the
possessive noun executives'. "miss
signs" and "misinterpreting them"
are not parallel.
"making provision …" should have
modified "the act of congress".
However, it seems to refer to the
phrase on its left "approved …"
this is a sentence fragment. Also,
this sentence nonsensically reads
"period outnumbering her letters
to anybody else".
"since" must be followed by a
complete clause.
"also establishing …" is a A
comma + -ing modifier at the
end of a sentence. It should
refer to the entire preceding
clause. "establishing the
library…" has no bearing on
HOW "the act made provisions
for the capital to be removed"
CORRECT ANSWER. Sentence is E
parallel without any modifier
issues
Correct Answer. The sentence is E
gramatically correct
Them is not the right antedecdent
for each employee. Him/Her is the
right antecedent. "prohibiting
them from disclosure" is not
idiomatic. We need to say
"disclosing". "that would" -
"would" indicates that
"prohibit"happens in the future of
"required" - Not logical. Both of
them should be in effect at the
same time.
"did not at plymouth" - did not do It' has no antecedent.
what? Not clear.
Sentence fragment as there is no
active verb. "that includes" refers
to "group" whereas its parallel
structure "that are" refers to "New
world tropical birds".
"prohibit + infinitive" is not C
idiomatic. Note that "to any
company" in option C is not an
infinitive. (to + Verb). "that
would" - "would" indicates that
"prohibit"happens in the future
of "required" - Not logical. Both
of them should be in effect at
the same time.
B
This is a sentence fragment B
without an active verb. When
modifiers are removed, the
sentence reduces to "South
American bird that forages ……
trees, the gaveteiro
CORRECT ANSWER. The modifier "fossils + was dated" is D
correctly modifies sloth. Subject incorrect. "which" is used as a
verb agreement is fine. The non-essential modifier and must
repetition of th word sloth removes be separated by commas. Also,
any prevasling pronoun amibguity. the sentence, if the non-
essential modifiers are removed,
does not make much sense.
"fossils of the sloth made the
sloth the earliest known
mammal ..." "made" is the result
of "have found", not of"fossils".
"found in Puerto Rico" seems to
refer to "was dated at ..." -
illogical.

Are reduced' is the wrong tense CORRECT ANSWER. Parallelism E

here. We are not stating a general is maintained. Subject verb
truth but a past event. 'That is not agreement is correct
controlled' should be'That are not
controlled' since 'and' connects
two nouns.

CORRECT ANSWER. Subject and the last part - "the scrub jay (it) D
verb agree in number. Pronoun stored treat long enough to
and antecedent agree in number. have rotted" - implies the bird
itself rotted.
There will problably be 1.6 billion There will problably be 1.6 C
people where? There is a meaning billion people where? There is a
issue here meaning issue here

CORRECT ANSWER. The Earlier works on slavery is D

comparison is brought out
correctly.
compared to Blassingame. This
is incorrect. "THE earlier works
on slavery" - implies we are
referring to some specific works.
Those are not mentioned.
Incorrect.

Usage of "which" is incorrect. CORRECT ANSWER. Parallelism E

is maintained.
CORRECT ANSWER. Paralllelism is
maintained
"they decide …" - the "they" is D
redundant. "deciding on a
strategy" is not part of "their use
of objective criteria" BUT the
other way round. Hence, "in
their use …" as a modifier is
incorrect.

"rate of Am businesses + modifier" CORRECT ANSWER. The correct E

- American businesses do not have comparison is made
a rate. A "rate" cannot be half. It
can only be a ratio like 50%, 30
miles per hour etc.

Crystallize and was growing are CORRECT ANSWER. "was E

not parallel. "because of crystallizing" and "was growing"
moisture" is not the cause. Also, are parallel
look at the sentence - "because of
moisture that was exhaled by
tourists raising the humidity
within them to levels so high as to
make salt crystallize" - We are
referring to ONLY those tourists
who raised the moisture levels
sufficiently high to make stone
crystallize - Not the intended
meaning.
CORRECT ANSWER. 'To double' and "which" refers to "year". Usage D
'to provide' are parallel. of "would" is incorrect as we are
talking about the future, not
future in the past. Use "will".
Usage of continuous tense "be
providing" is incorrect.

the reduction' is not parallel to Reduction', 'their use' and C

'their using' and 'finding'. Usage of 'finding' are not parallel. Also,
"their" is redundant. "their" is redundant as removing
it does not change the meaning
of the sentence.

"of five hundred million + of them" CORRECT ANSWER. The present E

is redundant. perfect tense is used. The
sentence is concise
The hypothetical form 'were'
should be used instead of 'was'.
"agreement with a provision for
penalties included" - redundant.
"not one" is singular.
"to be making" is not required. A
The simple form "to make" will
suffice. "not one" is singular. the
agreement is not signed by all of
the potential investors. (the
agreement is only signed by the
bank itself and whichever
investor actually goes through
with the contract.). Hence,
"they" is incorrect.

"and either fashioned from …" CORRECT ANSWER. Uses 'and E

does not have a verb. "fashioned" were' correctly. 'Either from the
is a modifier, not a verb. 'Either spotted … or from Gandharan …'
fashioned from … or from is parallel.
Gandharan…' is not parallel

this option is a sentence fragment. The meaning of this sentence is C

ambigous. It could also mean
that plants more efficiently
acquire carbon than they
acquire fungi. 'In the form of
carbon dioxide' modifies fungi.
"acquire carbon" is not parallel
to "converting it …"

"dates that humans are known to date of humans' is incorrect C

be making stone tools" is absurd.
(humans do not make "Dates").
This was an activity done in the
past. "are known to make" does
not make sense.
the pronoun "that" does not refer CORRECT ANSWER. Correct E
to anything. usage of 'at speeds' and correct
usage of verb 'are'

"or with" is not parallel to CORRECT ANSWER . But joins E

anything. (It cannot be parallel to two clauses. 'They' forms the
"often green and striped" because subject of the dependant clause
it is separated by comma)

CORRECT ANSWER. Simple present The pronoun 'it' has no D

tense is used because it "appears" antecendents. "evidence of
to people now. humans …." - not the intended
meaning.

Ever since' and 'from when' are
redundant together. Also, we do
not know when Europeans saw
Dhurag-speaking people as "from
when" does not refer to 1788.
Ever since' and 'from when' are A
redundant together. "from
when" refers to "form or
function" - incorrect.
Correct Answer.
"manufacturer" is not "due to"
plunging prices. Usage of "due to"
is incorrect. "from an oversupply" -
oversupply of what?
"Almost like clones …" should refer CORRECT ANSWER.
to "cheetahs". Here it refers to
"homogeneity".
Option E has a absurd meaning D
if we remove the intervening
non-essential modifier. "… is the
world's smallest digital
camcorder weighing less than 11
ounces" - Implies that there are
other camcorders that weigh
less than 11 ounces. E is also
horribly redundant. "that"
stands for "length". So, the
option reads - "the length of
which is length of a handheld
computer".
"have been sent plunging" - sent A
plunging by what? Not clear.
Usage of "due to" is incorrect. It
suggests that the manufacturer
was due to oversupply. Also
does not answer this question -
"oversupply of what?"
E
"saying that …" refers to EPA's
proposal. It should have referred to 'have' since proposal is singular.
the oil industry. " both on diesel
fuel and engines" - Not parallel
construction.
Has' should be used instead of C
"both on diesel fuel and diesel
engines" - Not parallel
construction. "and" gives a list
of two or more items with NO
RELATIONSHIP to each other.
"and it says the move will
exacerbate ..." - We have no
idea WHY the industry says this.

The second clause after the 'and' is "each one of which" Is singular. A
a fragment. It does not have an Hence, we need the verb
active verb. "and" introduces a list "dates".
in which the items have NO
relationship to each other. We
need a subordinate clause to
indicate that "oldest surving
communities" and "dated back
atleast a 1000 years" are related.
The sentence basically reads -
"both allowed others of the
Roosevelt brain trust + Modifier
(taking credit …)". Clearly the
meaning is nonsense.
The sentence basically reads - B
"both allowed others of the
Roosevelt brain trust + Modifier
(taking credit …)". Clearly the
meaning is nonsense.

"requirement" is also compared to "cooking time" is compared to E

"leaves (those) of escarole" - "escarole"
Incorrect.

This is a sentence fragment. There CORRECT ANSWER. The E

is not active verb.
participial modifier 'falling …'
correctly modifies the entire
preceeding clause. 'In paying' is
the right and concise
construction.

We need to use "that", not "this". CORRECT ANSWER. Changes and E

"this" is used for things that are remains are parallel. This is
near to us. Usage of "although" is more concise than Option D
incorrect. We use "although" to
indicate contrast whereas here we
need something similar to "even
after".
Having been' is redundant. The "being" is redundant here. C
sentence makes perfect sense if we Removing it does not change
remove it. "used to predict" is the anything. The pronoun "they"
correct idiom. has no antecedent.

This is inferior to option B. The city "during" can refer either to B

was transformed. It did not "1993" or to "1973 to 1993".
transform itself. Hence, ambiguous. Using "era"
makes the meaning more clear.

the modifier "with a 5% increase the modifier "with a 5% increase C

during the first 3 months …" seems
to refer to "profits" (profits had a
5% increase). Implies - Profits are
with a 5% increase. Illogical.
during the first 3 months …"
seems to refer to "profits"
(profits had a 5% increase).
Implies - Profits are with a 5%
increase. Illogical. "having
fallen" already implies
something that has happened.
so, "after + having fallen" is
redundant.

CORRECT ANSWER. Has grown and "students are at record high" - D

has reached are parallel. The ":" is Illogical.
used correctly to elaborate more
on the matter.
This is a sentence as there is no
main clause.
Comma + -ing modifiers must be
contemparaneous with the
timeframe of the main clause.
Hence, "Comma + then + -ing"
forms will always be incorrect.
Also, this option seems to suggest
that "6 B cu.ft/day" allows "6 B
cu.ft/day" for at least 50 years.
Illogical
Between X and Y' is the right idiom Between X and Y' is the right A
not 'between X or Y'. "them" has idiom not 'between X or Y'. The
no antecedent.
CORRECT ANSWER. Simple E
tenses are used. The modifier is
contructed and placed properly.
Comma + -ing modifiers must be B
contemparaneous with the
timeframe of the main clause.
Hence, "Comma + then + -ing"
forms will always be incorrect.
Also, this option seems to
suggest that "6 B cu.ft/day"
allows "6 B cu.ft/day" for at
least 50 years. Illogical
pronoun 'it' should be used
instead of 'them' to refer to
'language'. The modifier "with
those who have tried … finding
about 5000" does not make any
sense/have any bearing on with
"because of the difficulty of
distinguishing betweeen a
language and sublangues within
it". We need "but" to indicate
contrast.
"indicated all along that …". "that" the present tense (used for A
must be followed by a clause. general truths) is incorrect.
Removing "that they" would make "extremes of temeperatures …
it a complete clause. are those to impact most…"
implies that such extreme
effects already impacted people
when climatologists made the
statement. We need something
that indicates future. "would"
indicates future-in-the-past.

CORRECT ANSWER. The modifier is This is a sentence fragment. D

structured and placed correctly. There is no active verb.

"it" does not have a referent. "it"
cannot
CORRECT refer to "for 'Because'
ANSWER. raising". is
correctly used. 'One another' and
'they' are correctly used. 'Close
relatives' is correctly used.
The pronoun "Them" doesn't C
have antecedent.
"because 'Have is
of + Verb-ing" D
considered unidiomatic.
"consider all their fellows to be a
close relative" - Absurd. It
implies that they consider all
other ants to be one relative.
"theory of a black hole …" - Not the Theory of a black hole that lies' A
intended meaning. "Milky way's is incorrect
center" and "many of the 100
billion galaxies" are not logically
parallel.

Fire' did not date back. This
distorts the meaning of the
sentence. "a large brain and small
teeth" ARE the features of
hominids. "having them" is not a
feature.
Fire' did not date back. This B
distorts the meaning of the
sentence. Incorrect usage of
'like' to provide examples. 'Such
as' should be used.

pollutants from power plants, sufur Correct Answer. E

dioxide' are not restrictions.
Restrictions need to be placed on
them. The meaning of the sentence
is distorted.

Antecedent of 'which' - 'limitations' Continous form 'protecting' is C

is too far removed from it.
Continous form 'protecting' is not
preferred to 'protect/protecting'.
"authority for borrowing money"
suggests that there is a special
authority to do so. Not the
intended meaning. "authority to
borrow money" talks about the
power to borrow money.
not preferred to
'protect/protection'. 'limitations'
do not have an intent.
"authority for borrowing
money" suggests that there is a
special authority to do so. Not
the intended meaning.
"authority to borrow money"
talks about the power to borrow
money.
'Them' cannot refer to the 'moth' CORRECT ANSWER. The E
as it is singular. participial modifier 'comsuming'
correctly modifies the entire
preceeding clause. The use of
'insects' removes any pronoun
ambiguity.

CORRECT ANSWER. Paralllelism is "to make" implies intent. It D

maintained between would appear suggests that "burst of smoke
and (would) make. would appear" was done with
the intent to "make an already
terrified passenger think …" -
Absurd.

"which" incorrectly refers to "those of" - here of implies C

"gasoline powered". "as stringent possession. Standards do not
as" requires parallelism. We need "belong" to diesel powered
to compare emissions to emissions. vehicles. The usage of "they"
However, this compares after "and" is not required and
"emissions" to a clause - "they are hence redundant.
for diesel-powered-vehicles".

Directed', 'Use' , and 'for Studying' Directed', 'Used' and 'Study' are C
are not parallel. not parallel
Plural 'have' cannot refer to Used of pas perfect 'had A
singular 'picture'. The antecedent emerged' is incorrect. There is
of 'them' is ambigous as it could only one event here.
refer to 'currents' or 'patterns'.
"what caused them" implies that
such patterns can no longer be
observed. We need simple present
to state general truths.

CORRECT ANSWER. Modifier is "ranging" and "recomposed" are C

correctly placed and structured.
The participial modifiers flattening
correct modifies the entire
preceeding clause
not parallel. "like other
musicians instruments" distorts
the meaning. The original
meaning was "like an instrument
(might belong to anybody,
including Billie".

"allows that" is unidiomatic. CORRECT ANSWER. Subject and E

Verb are in agreement. Causality
is expressed correctly.

a weak national and financial CORRECT ANSWER. E

infrastructure' and 'precipitating'
are not parallel.
Those' is more concise. 'For' is Pronoun problem: if you use B
redundant. Also note that "same "they", you repeat the same
as" requires parallelism between subject "the reasons for
the elements on both sides of it. yesterday's sharp rise in the
"for that" is not parallel to anything stock market".
on the left hand side of "same as".

the structure after "but" is this - the usage of "which" is C

"but a flow + modifier". Because of incorrect.
parallelism required by "but" this is
in parallel to the nearest noun - "an
unpredictable natural source".
Does not make sense.

"compared with …" is a noun the modifier "that figure B

modifier. It has to refer to the growing to …" has no bearing on
nearest possible noun. "2.5 hours a the main clause. i.e. how
week" and "doing household children spent only 2.5 hours
chores" doing household chores in 1981

"announced to be closing" is Plain "such that" is unidiomatic. C

unidiomatc. Use "such + adjective + that".
Distorts the meaning. It says
that the company announced
"having poor sales", not "closing
down its stores". "will be closed"
was announced in the past. So,
we need to use future-in-the-
past tense - "would be closed".
The sentence is essentially
meaningless. "there were one third
of mothers with young children +
Modifier". If we rewrite this we get
- "one third of mothers with young
children were there". Furthermore,
"who worked outside home in
1975" refers to "young children".
"as likely that" is unidiomatic.
"As a result of" implies indirect
causation. i.e. the boundaries are
not directly responsible for
preventing dissipation. Not the
intended meaning.
CORRECT ANSWER. All issues are
resolved.
"working outside home in C
1975" refers to "young
children". Also, this sentence
does not make any sense -
"with about 1/3rd of mothers …
in 1975, almost 2/3rd of such
mothers were employed outside
the home in 2000". The modifier
has absolutely no relationship to
the main clause.
CORRECT ANSWER. Correct E
comparison done. Correctly
uses infinitive form 'to exceed'.
"preventing its acoustic energy E
…" - this refers to the subject of
the preceding clause - "Sound".
Sound does not prevent its
acoustic energy from dissipating.
"... blunders that several D
attempts … have failed to
correct them" - Here "them" is
redundant as "that" already
refers to "…stagnation … and
managerial blunders".
CORRECT ANSWER. Twice that' and 'compared' are D
redundant. The sentence uses
redundant construction -
"amount of pollutants emitted
annually is twice that emitted
annually compared to ...". Also,
this option compares "amount
of pollutants" to "motor
vehicles".

Compares 'quality of pieces of CORRECT ANSWER. E

blown glass' to 'quality of eastern
Mediterranian'. This is incorrect.
"not only variety of shapes" is not
parallel to "in terms of decoration".

"and which" is not parallel to "and" introduces two things that A

anything. "which" seems to refer to are not related. "scientists are
"a year" (the last noun of the main hoping they will be able to" and
clause). "more precise "the NEAR spacecraft will orbit
measurements" is ambiguous. It asteroid Eros" are related ideas.
can either modify "precise" or "hoping they will be able to" -
"measurements". "hoping" must be followed by a
"that". "more precise
measurements" is ambiguous. It
can either modify "precise" or
"measurements".
This is less concise than E
"The US for about four cents an
acre, acquired 828,000 miles" - the
verb "acquired" appears to be
stranded. We need an "and" to
connect "more than doubling" and
"bringing western borders". "in the
Louisiana purchase" implies that
US was in the purchase.
"were decorated", "were
decorated" and "set them up" are
not parallel. We cannot, however,
say "were set them up". "were
decorated by local artists" - the
Swiss government's involvement in
the decoration is not clear.
CORRECT ANSWER. Active voice E
and concise.
it' does not have an antecedent. D
"acquiring" + "bought" is
redundant. "its" refers to US.
Note that "it" and "its" refer to
two different things in the same
clause. Incorrect.
Seems to suggest that "local C
artists" set the cow statues on
the streets of Zurich. "were
decorated by local artists" - the
Swiss government's involvement
in the decoration is not clear.
CORRECT ANSWER. We do not use a comma to D
connect two phrases - "robbing
them of their flavor" and
"making them decrease in size".
"decrease in size" is not parallel
to "less distinctive" and "less in
demand". The last two are
adjectives. The first seems to be
an action noun.

The modifier "with substantial CORRECT ANSWER. E

supplies of coal being exported …"
does not make any sense with
HOW "canals and railroads reached
the region".
"placing them with others of the
same species" does not make
sense as a modifier to the subject
"locusts" (they). "locusts" did not
place them with others.
"unlikely in pursuing" is
unidiomatic. "offenders being" is
not parallel to anything.
"placed with other locusts …, A
single locusts become excited" -
"single" does not make sense
here. We are referring to locusts
in general. "then" implies
afterwards. However, the
original meaning suggests that
they become excited WHEN
they are placed with others. Not
the same thing. "placed with
others ..." is a noun modifier. It
must be directly placed next to
the noun it modifies. An
intervening modifier such as
"then" makes the sentence
incorrect.
CORRECT ANSWER. ';' is E
correctly used. 'Unlikely to' used
correctly.
the left hand side of "and" is only
a noun phrase, not a clause. "it"
refers to "the total annual catch
for all fish". The right hand side of
"and" then reads - "and, in the
case of most fish, the total annual
catch for all fish [it] has declined
…". Illogical. "prompted
conservation efforts ..." is a noun
modifier. There is no noun/noun
phrase that it can logically modify.
"introduction of enclosed fields,
new farming techniques and crops,
and of substitution" - Not parallel.
Also, this suggests "introduction of
substitution of commercial for
subsistence farming" - Not the
original meaning. "Widespread
changes in agriculture, known as
the agrarian revolution involved
the large-scale introduction ..." -
No comma before "involved"
makes this sentence a fragment as
"involved" is part of the modifier,
and not the main verb.
Demonstrative adjectives A
cannot be used independently.
They must be used with a
noun/noun phrase. "this" is then
incorrect. "and" here connects a
noun phrase to a complete
clause. Not parallel and
incorrect.
Sentence does not have a main B
verb. Hence it is a sentence
fragment. "introduction of
enclosed fields, new farming
techniques and crops, and of
substitution" - Not parallel. Also,
this suggests "introduction of
substitution of commercial for
subsistence farming" - Not the
original meaning.
"known at present as of prehistoric
animals" - as What of prehisotric
animals? "those of remains of
prehistoric animals" - "those of"
seems to imply "bones of remains
of animals" - Illogical. In addition,
"known as" is used to refer to
aliases or conceptions of people.
He is known as Hercules/He was
known as a salesman but he was
also a physicist. "known as" does
not make sense.
"to watch the endorsement",
"comparing signatures", and
"viewing the watermark" are not
parallel.
"those of remains of prehistoric C
animals" - "those of" seems to
imply "bones of remains of
animals" - Illogical. "currently
known" is a past participle
modifier and refers to the
nearest noun "caves of Europe".
Illogical. "known as" is used to
refer to aliases or conceptions of
people. He is known as
Hercules/He was known as a
salesman but he was also a
physicist. "known as" does not
make sense.
CORRECT ANSWER. The E
prepositional phrase (not a
participial modifier) "including
reminders …" refers to "series of
printed instructions + Modifier".
"advocating women's equal CORRECT ANSWER. Parallelism E
political and legal rights" and "for is maintained. The modifier is
changes" are not parallel. correctly placed and structured.

"with the formalities, expenses, CORRECT ANSWER. E

and impersonalities of hotels" does
not make sense with "sleeping in
tents allowed them to enjoy nature
close at hand".

"if recognized and applied" CORRECT ANSWER. E

illogically refers to students.
Incorrect use of 'due to'. "insect
species are not due to their
capability to reproduce".
"capability to" is unidiomatic.
"several times yearly" - "yearly"
implies once a year. "several times" reproducing" is not idiomatic.
cannot then be "once a year".
Total fat is incorrectly compared
with livestock. Also, we need a
comma before "and" as it joins two
independent clauses.
CORRECT ANSWER. Pronoun and
subject agree in number.
of reproducing' and 'to produce' A
are not parallel. Incorrect use of
'due to'. "insect species are not
due to their ability of
reproducing". "ability of
"offspring of large numbers"
seems to imply that large
numbers have offspring.
Unidiomatic. "several times
yearly" - "yearly" implies once a
year. "several times" cannot
then be "once a year".
The pronoun 'that' has no B
antecedent. The pronoun 'they'
has no clear antecedent. Also,
we need a comma before "and"
as it joins two independent
clauses.
Each' is a singular,so has to be D
followed by Singular verb 'its'
and not 'their'. Also, the usage
of plural verb "contribute" is
incorrect.
Broaden' and 'Showing' are not Broaden' and 'Showing' are not A
parallel. 'A number of' is plural. parallel.
Hence,'are' and not 'is' should be
used. Usage of past perfect is
incorrect as "think" and "are
hostile" happen in the same time
frame.

CORRECT ANSWER. Use of '-' is Singular 'construction' should D

correct. Correct number have singular 'enables'. The
agreement. dash functions as a high level
comma. The sentence then
reads - "layered construction
of a butterfly's wings, of the
same construction that makes
some shimmer …". Parallelism
(because of the appoitive
phrase) suggests this - "layered
construction of the same
construction that makes some
shimmer ...". Incorrect.

We do not use a comma before CORRECT ANSWER. Modifiers E

"and" when it connects two are correctly placed and
phrases. Because of the "and" structured. Parallelism is
before "possible causes of sea floor maintained
instability", the phrase "significant
contributors to global warming"
now seems to serve as a modifier
to "possible causes of sea floor
instability". Illogical.
"bouquet of flowers" IS an The pronoun 'they' does not C
arrangement. Hence, redundant have a clear antecedent.
usage. Furthermore, "arrangement
of flowers" cannot indicate the
process of arranging. It refers to
the completed action. So, "during +
arrangement" does not make
sense.

Singular 'it' cannot refer to Singular 'it' cannot refer to B

'caribou'. The non-underlined 'caribou'. The non-underlined
portion says "caribou are". "to stalk portion says "caribou are".
them …" and "getting close enough "getting close enough to kill it" -
to …" should be connected by an implies that we are within
"and". "getting close enough to kill" striking distance. "getting close
is a comma + -ing modifier at the enough in order to kill it" - We
end of a sentence. It must refer to are getting close enough with
the Dorset people. Incorrect. the intent of killing the deer.
Hence, changes the meaning.

"tending juveniles, gathering CORRECT ANSWER. Parallelism E

food, by building the nest, or by is maintained correctly
battling" - Not parallel.

"receive unqualified support by "are consistently receiving" C

labor" again changes the meaning.
It suggests that this is a general
truth and has always been the case
and will be true in the future. The
original sentence talks only about
what has happened in the past. No
indication of what will happen in
the future.
suggests that this action -
"receiving support" - is
happening right now. "have
consistently received" implies
that this has been the case
previously and has an impact on
the present. We have no idea
what was the case in the past.
Not the same thing.
Which wrongly modifies plant.
Note that "which" cannot jump
over the infinitive "to genetically
enhance" to refer to "techniques".
Moreover, singular "makes"
cannot refer to either plants or
techniques. Also, the modifier
does not make sense. We can test
this by knowing that participial
modifiers are created by
converting the verb to -ing form.
The modifier then essentially is -
"Researchers have employed the
same techniques to genetically
enhance plants" - this seems to
say that the end goal is to
genetically modify plants.
Contrast this with what the
modifier says in option C -
"Researchers have employed the
same techniques used to
genetically enhance plants ...". No
mention of a goal. It just says that
they have used a particular
technique. Another thing - the
article "the" refers to specific
things. "the same techniques" -
Which same techniques? Not clear.
"interfering with pacemakers"
describes "200,000 of which exist
worldwide" - Absurd. Their
interfering has nothing to do with
their existence.
The sentence is essentially
saying - "Researchers have
employed the same techniques
for genetically enhancing
plants ..." Again, the goal is to
genetically enhance plants. Note,
however, if the sentence were to
read (without "the") - "techniques
for genetically enhancing plants",
then we could have interpreted it
as "techniques used for
genetically enhancing plants". But
"the same techniques" =
"techniques that make them
disease resistant". Hence,
"researchers have employed
techniques that make plants
disease resistant for genetically
enhancing them". Not the
intended meaning. This goal has
already been achieved. We are
using the results of this to
increase amount of protein. Also,
"techniques for" sounds as though
we are using some kind of
techniques on genetically
enhanced plants
C
"existing worldwide" and "can
interfere" are connected by an
"and". Not parallel. ", and this
interaction can bring about
nausea …". The comma makes
this clause parallel to the main
clause "Researchers have
announced …". Illogical.
A
"more evidence is needed to
determine that balloon angioplasty
preceded with ultrasound was any
better for heart attack patients
than balloon procedure" - States
that we have already decided that
angioplasty is better. We just need
more evidence. Contrast this with
C, which says we need more
evidence to determine which
procedure is better. Also, since, we
are talking about general truths,
we need to use the simple present. "determine that" is used for
Using simple past suggests that the definite things. Here, we have a
results - say, balloon angioplasty choice between two things. We
was better - are no longer valid. need to use "whether". C

Correct. Properly modifies The "Shang" is plural. Hence, "its" is

Shang. Correctly uses Subject Verb. incorrect. D

Correct. Individuals of one genetic "next" implies a sequence. No

composition are compared with such thing here. "that" has no
INDIVIDUALS of another genetic antecedent because
composition. "individuals" is plural. D

"excited with" is unidiomatic

Also, note that there is a subtle
change in meaning. "excited
Not a sentence. "predicted" is a about the prospects of
verb and has nothing in parallel to harnessing …" has nothing to do
it. Note that "excited" is not a verb, with this prediction. Conntrast
but an adjective. this with options A and C. C
"keep", "protecting", and
"increase" are not parallel. Usage
of "would" indicates a
hypothetical. That is "obtaining
an investment grade rating" is
unlikely to happen. "to obtain"
does not make sense as the subject
here. Try to flip the sentence
keeping the predicate part the
same and replace the subject with
the placeholder "it". For ex - To
stalk caribou requires exceptional
hunting skills/It requires
exceptional hunting skills to stalk "would be protecting" and
caribou. Here, the flipped sentence "increase" are not parallel.
reads - It will keep the country's Usage of "would" indicates a
borrowing costs low to obtain an hypothetical. That is "obtaining
investment grade rating. Does not an investment grade rating" is
make sense. unlikely to happen. A

"stigmatized selfishness" cannot be

parallel to the clause "they Correct. Correctly uses
encouraged voluntary parallelism, and not only…but
cooperation". also …, is correctly used. E
"they" refers to two different
things in the sentence. The first
refers to "facial expressions" the
second refers to "researchers".
"as well as" has a lower priority
than two things connected by
"and". If the primary goal is
something that will empathize,
then using "as well as" to indicate
"responses to facial expressions"
does not make sense. Also, note
that "giving a response" is a
definite action. We are using this
with "can identify" - have the
ability to identify. Not definite. So,
this arrangement of "can identify"
and "give a response" does not
make sense. It is similar to -
robots can identify and robots will
respond. We need to say either
robots can identify and [can]
respond. OR robots can identify
expressions and once they identify
those, they will respond OR robots
identify and will respond. Also, if
the modifier is flipped the sentence
reads - "as well as giving a
response to facial expressions,
robots can identify them". Does
not make as "giving a response"
requires identification. This makes
more sense though - "as well as
identifying facial expressions,
robots respond to them".
"responding" is not parallel to
"identify". C

Correct Answer
Correct.
Correct.
"still continues" is redundant.
Relatively speaking, option E is
much more direct (uses active
voice) and concise. "having been"
is a perfect participle denotes a
prior action in a sequence of
tenses. Not necessary here as
removing it does not change the
meaning. Hence, redundant.
"for finding" is not parallel to "to
defend".
"in his own time" refers to a
specific time in the past. Usage of
past perfect "had been" is
incorrect. "was compelling for our
time" - Past tense used to refer to
present event.
"and for even" is not parallel to
anything else. "and + in
addition" is redundant. D
Not a sentence. "she" does not
refer to anything. D
"it had" is redundant as
removing it does not change the
meaning. "being based …".
"Being" is redundant here as
removing it does not affect the
meaning. C
Correct. E
Parallel E
"in his own time" refers to a
specific time in the past. Usage
of past perfect "have been" is
incorrect. B
Correct. "nor" connects two ideas
that reinforce each other. First, a
negative idea, and the second, a Usage of double negation "nor"
positive idea, connected by it. are "not" is inppropriate D

"them" and "they" refer to two

Correct. Correctly modifies different things. Not ideal. "it"
companies has no antecedent. D
"applying …" nonsensically refers
to "molars". "have been examined"
+ "who determined" -this suggests Correct. Properply modifies
that "determining" happened scientists and uses paralleism
before the examination. corerctly E

"both + as well as" is

unidiomatic. "large numbers
questioning …" seems to suggest
that we are referring to a
specific group of large numbers,
one that question whether the
computer screen is an adequate
replacement for classrooms. "a
year for faculty members to
begin questioning whether ..." -
seems to imply that it was
marked a special year for them
to begin questioning about
computer screens. Illogical. It is
something like - "New year's day
is a day for people to begin
introspecting about the past
Correct year ..." D
"scientists + they" is incorrect. "in
as much as" does not make sense
here. It can mean - "in view of the
fact that/because" - this does not
make sense. OR "to the extent
that" - even this does not make
sense.
let us look at the parallel structures
- "the patterns of
stress that girls experience are
more likely to result in depression
than boy's experience do [result]".
(We cannot say "than do likely to
result"). Illogical because we are
comparing probability (on the LHS)
to an action on the RHS.
"which" cannot refer to anything
because of the singular "was".
"scientists + they" is incorrect. B
less parallel than A - "patterns
that girls experience" to "those
that boys experience" - Versus
"stress patterns of boys" in E.
Furthermore, option E is
ambiguous - "stress that girls
experience are more likely to
result in depression than [in]
stress patterns of boys" This can
also be the meaning implied.
Incorrect. A
"not X but Y" requires perfect
parallelism between X and Y.
"was not produced byseed
companies who have been
motivated by profit" - implies
that "production" happened
before they were motivated by
profit. "who" should refer to
people. We need to use "that".
"whose" on the other hand is
much more flexible. C

"rate of enterpreneurship" is
compared to "immigrant group".
"the rates of entrepreneurship" are
not IN immigrants. Hence,
incorrect.
Exceeds is incorrectly used since
"rates" is plural, "their rates of
entrepreneurship" is correct.
"rates of their
entrepreneurship" is
unidiomatic. C

the bones are being modifeid

here, but actually it should be
Modifier error. "bearing a close Majungatholas. "a distant
resemblance" is not a distant relative" is not parallel to
relative of T-rex. "closely resembling". A

Correct answer. "it" does not have a referent. D

"It" is wrong. Saffron Threads is

Correct. plural. D

"it" refers to "paper production".

Illogical. "all" includes "market for "it" refers to "paper
paper". We need to say "all other". production". Illogical. B
 "either X or Y" requires perfect
parallelism between X and Y.
Correct Answer. This is violated here. D

this says "rather than human mind

+ Modifier, human mind …". Note
that we are referring to a specific
point in the past - "millions of years
ago". Usage of present perfect Redundant usage of "that".
"have been developed" is "holds that …rather than human
incorrect. mind's … that it comprises …" C

"by recording …" refers to "the

sound emissions". This is also a
run-on sentence. Two sentences
connected by a comma. "the
sound emissions were digitized
…" - by whom? Moreover, "to
be" is redundant as removing it
"by recording …" refers to "the does not change the meaning of
sound emissions". This is also a the sentence. "but" requires
run-on sentence. Two sentences parallelism. "found the noise not
connected by a comma. "the sound to be continuous but [found the
emissions were digitized …" - by noise to be] consisted of
whom? indiviudal bursts …". B
"and" when used to connect two
independent clauses must be
preceded by a comma. "and they
have concluded" - Note that "they"
is redundant as the subject
"scientists" is implied for both the "more water as" is unidiomatic.
clauses. If we remove the non- "is harboring" is not an
essential modifier "or more", we appropriate tense to convey
get "as much water than" - general truths. Use simple
Incorrect. present. C

"which" refers to "recent years".

"removing" is not parallel to "the
clearing". "which" refers to "recent years". A

"Jupiter's mass" cannot be

"a team and has …" is incorrect.
"solar system's largest planet."
"estimated to be 5 to 15 times
Jupiter's mass" - this suggests
that "gas spheres" are mass.
Incorrect. A

"more likely as" is unidiomatic.

Unacceptable shift In tenses.
"college-educated women and
women who live in the South and
West are significantly more likely
to be using supplemental
hormones as were women…" - we
are comparing women to women
in the same time. Correct E
 "as effective compared" is
unidiomatic. "and with …" is not
Correct answer. parallel to anything. D

"that" has to refer to "planks". It

can modify "boats" as it is followed
by another similar modifier "to represent" suggests that the
"constructed out of planks …". boat was constructed with a
"was representing .." suggests it is goal in mind - "to represent a
no longer true. We need the simple major advance …". Not the
present to indicate general truths. intended meaning. A

"by many audiophiles" seems to

modify "tones" instead of
"preferred". Correct Answer. E

"both + as well as" is unidiomatic.

"who both work in the field and in "both + as well as" is
the lab" - Not parallel. unidiomatic. C

Correct.
"but" requires parallelism.
"introducing" is not parallel to
anything.
Convert the modifier into a
sentence and check if it makes
sense - "the number of chirps in
fact possibly serves as an
approximate thermometer" -
suggests we are not sure
whether it servers as an
approximate thermometer. Not
the intended meaning.
Moreover, when we say "in fact"
we are sure of what the facts
are. "possibly" then does not
make sense. D
"but" requires parallelism. "at
the same time introducing" is
not parallel to anything. "having
gone virtually unregulated …"
refers to "industrialization".
Industrialization was not
developed 50 years ago. It
should have referred to 100,000
dangerous chemical pollutants.
Also, this modifier "having gone"
does not make sense because it
indicates a prior action between
two things. However, "have
gone unregulated since they
were developed" and "have
released [since they were
developed]" should both
happen at the same time. B
"some states cut back on trout
stocking and even their being
removed " - not parallel. Correct answer. E

"they" does not refer to anything.

The usage of "as" is incorrect. It is
used in the same sense as
"because". It suggests that they this option has a nonsense
use the term because it only refers meaning. It suggests "pig is used
to younger swine. Incorrect. in the US when referring …". C

Correct Answer. Note the tenses

His fairy tales are compared with
him. Wrong.
"are the most translated" and
"remain almost unknown". If we
say "have remained/remained"
it becomes incorrect. Usage of
such tenses implies that those
situations are no longer true.
Hence, no contrast will then be
implied. E

See what the parallel structure

implies - "there is [differences in
scenting ability] between
"greater" requires "than", not "as". members of different breeds". C
"warmer than usually" - comparing
"warmer" (an adjective) to
"usually" (an adverb). "because of
the interaction …forces warm air to
rise" - Incorrect. "because of"
cannot be followed by a clause. Correct answer. E

"while" indicates a contrast. There

is no contrast between "can create "like" is not used to give
serious environmental problems" examples. "while" indicates a
and "may accelerate soil contrast. There is no contrast
deterioration". "if substituted for between "can create serious
more traditional …" should have environmental problems" and
referred to "synthetic fertilizers". "may accelerate soil
Here, it refers to "the substitution". deterioration". A

"either X or Y" structure used here

is not parallel. "increasing + rose" is
redundant. Correct answer. E
"prevalent enough that …" is not
idiomatic. We need to say "so
prevalent that". "enough to do X"
means it means the minimum
requirements. "so prevalent that"
implies that it is present to such an
extent that it might lead to
surprising results. The latter makes "prevalent enough for a squirrel
more sense here. to be said …" is nonsense. A

the usage of past perfect "had

been preserved" is incorrect.
There is no sequence of events.
It was preserved in the Swedish
waters from 1628-161, a specific
time. We need to use simple
past then. "low salinity +
inhibiting …" - this suggests that
there are several types of low
Not a sentence as this option does salinity. the one that we are
not have a main verb. "having been referring to here inhibits the
preserved" is similar to growth of marine borers. A

"difference between" must be

"differences + helps" is incorrect.
"in determining" is incorrect as it
does not help
followed two things - a plural.
For examples - differences
between the twins. However,
"how a sound is heard by two
ears" is singular noun clause.
Not 2 things/plural. Incorrect. A
 Implies "national average was
likely to be self employed" -
absurd. "twice as likely as that
"as likely + than" is unidiomatic. they would be" is unidiomatic. B

"with" does not indicate a contrast.

Moreover, "with shipbuilding
traditions fundamentally different
…" has no bearing on HOW the
"archaelogical evidence shows that
Viking ships were lighter …" Correct Answer. E

to specify intent/purpose, we use

the infinitive, not for + Verb-ing. "both X and Y" - X and Y must be
Hence, incorrect perfectly parallel. B

"early development" is not a

"genre based on melding rhythm,
gospel , …". In addition, this is also
a sentence fragment. Sentence Fragment. C

"not only X but [also] Y" requires

perfect parallelism between X
"not only X but [also] Y" requires and Y. "able to transform" is not
perfect parallelism between X and parallel to the clause "they were
Y. also able to .." C

"requiring months of
"the requirement" is compared incubation" is compared to
with "silvery minnow". Incorrect. "silvery minnow". Incorrect. B
Correct Answer. Also, note the
perfect parallelism between the "hormones" did not make them
modifiers "in which case they were endocrine cells; the secretion of
…" hormones did. D

Incorrect comparison between

Correct Answer. 'it' and 'ballooning'. D

Research does not indicate the Research does not indicate the
safety, but rather the idea that the safety, but rather the idea that
2 drugs may not be safe. the 2 drugs may not be safe. B

those' is a demonstrative pronoun.

It must be followed by a noun that There are what'? Not clear. Not
it modifies. 'compared to' is parallel (than requires a parallel
redundant. structure) - 'where ...' is missing. B
As + preposition' is not used for
comparisons on the GMAT. Better
use a clause - As is the case with ..'
"having" is not correct. "having"
indicates that something started in
the past, is happening right now, so' is incorrect. 'so' is used to
and may not always be occurring. denote effect in a cause -effect
'so' is incorrect. relationship. C

Being' used as a modifier is

incorrect on the GMAT. 'Being
As an educator, ...' must modify an educator ...' must modify
'Nannie Helen'. 'Nannie Helen'. C
being poached' is not parallel to
'increased'. The -ing modifier at the
end of the sentence already
denotes effect. Usage of 'thus +
making' is therefore redundant.
'Because of + Verb-ing' is incorrect.
correct answer. Here Because of
+ verb-ing is correct, because
poaching does not have a noun
form, only gerund form. E

decline at' is incorrect. The 'with

…' modifier is incorrect. The
Incorrect comparison between 'with …' modifier is talking about
Japanese population and other future, but the main clause is
nations. 'decline at' is unidiomatic. about the present. C

Incorrect comparison between

'sheaths' and 'Volkswagen'. Correct answer. E

as being' - incorrect usage. 'they

have estimated ..' creates a run
Sentence fragment. Remove the on sentence. 'the solar system's
non-essential modifier - 'working at largest planet' modifies Jupiter's
…' Gas spheres are not masses. mass. Gas spheres are not
Hence, 'gas spheres are at an masses. Hence, 'gas spheres are
estimated …' is incorrect. estimated as …' is incorrect. A

so much + so much' is incorrect.

There are two 'is' in this option. 'for the cause' is not parallel to 'as
looks' is not parallel to 'meeting that'. If we remove intervening
other criteria'. 'the cause' is
the modifier 'in siding with …' is not modifiers the sentence reads -
parallel tohere.
incorrect 'as that'. Usage of is
'in + verb-ing' the cause to be bred. Incorrect
possessive
used when +the-ing is awkward.
main clause that Usage. A
follows the 'in + verb-ing' is a
component of the 'in + verb-ing'.
For example - 'in preparing for the
GMAT, I solved all verbal problems
in the OG.'. the Oneida were a Past perfect usage is incorrect.
nation (nation - singular). Hence, 'only' seems to modify 'of the
the plural 'only ones out of five five nation league' instead of
nations' is incorrect. 'the Oneida'. C

function as teeth do' is incorrect. It

means that horny jaws function
exactly the way teeth do. Correct answer. E
both the ..' is plural. and derving' is not parallel. C

mostly …' is an adverb and thus

mostly …' is an adverb. Hence, it cannot modify '80 massive
cannot modify '80 massive planets'. planets'. 'as large than' is
The usage of 'which' is incorrect. incorrect. C

in employee illness prevention'

changes the meaning. Seems to
imply that company could avoid
spending money on preventative
care. Correct Answer E

expected for' is unidiomatic.

a trend + ultimately' requires the Seems to imply a duty. The
future tense. usage of 'which' is incorrect. B

being' used as a modifier is wrong. Usage of dependent is wrong.

Usage of dependent is wrong. 'dependent' means that
'dependent' means that something something depends on
depends on something else for something else for support.
support. 'both + as well as' is unidiomatic. C

Previous possibility - something

possible in the past, but not
possible now. The option says Dangling participle. 'it + have' -
eradication is not thought to be a SVA error. The modifier does
previous possibility. This distorts 'learning …' does not make any
it' refers
the to synthetic
meaning. growth
We do not know sense modifying the main
hormone.
what they think of eradication clause. C
now. The intended meaning is that
eradication was not thought to be
possible in the past. Also does not
answer the question 'not
considered a previous possibility by possibility + possible' is
whom?' Usage of 'and' is incorrect. redundant. Usage of 'like' is
Both control and eradication incorrect. For giving examples
cannot occur at the same time. use 'such as'. C

either…or…' requires perfect
parallelism. 'and selling' is not
parallel
Let to anything.
us rewrite the sentence - when do perfectly fine.
their descendants had migrated, it
took less than 35 years from the
release. What does 'it' stand for? after the time that the bees
(It cannot stand for migration,
'migrated' is a verb here). Also,
seems to suggest that migration
occurred before something else
('it') took time.
E distorts the original meaning.
The original sentence never said
that the division will sell them
online (it is an imprint division)
themselves. Also, 'and'
introduces a list. We need a
connection between the two
ideas. A does that. (connects
publishing to selling). The 'it' is
redundant(and makes it parallel
to 'the largest ...'). 'and will' will
E
were released' is too wordy.
'after the release' is much more
concise. 'It' does not refer to
anything. 'and then + had
migrated' is clearly wrong. A

tools' is plural. The usage of 'which'

is incorrect.
more' requires a 'than' for Correct answer. E
comparison. 'instead of +
preposition' is incorrect. The usage
of 'which' is incorrect. Even if it
refers to 'shallow waters' we need
'expose'. 'and making' is not
parallel. We are not talking about more' requires a 'than' for
only one archaeologist. Hence, comparison. 'it' does not refer to
usage of 'an' is incorrect. anything. 'it + make' is incorrect. B

Average cannot be a range. I can

say - his average score is between
90 - 100. I cannot say his score
averages between 90 - 100. Correct answer. E

in full view ….' is a non-essential

modifier. If this is removed from
Correct answer.
the sentence, theThe realization
sentence must that it was' is redundant. 'Ozone
happened
make in 'last
sense. the past
year'time frame.
modifies the had long appeared that Ozone
We use
verb past perfect
'provided' ratherwhen
thananother was…' is nonsensical. 'long
event that
'comet's happened in the
disintegration'. Thispast appeared' and 'was immune'
has a bearing
distorts on this event.
the meaning. Seems to must be in the same timeframe. D
imply that the new insights were last year + has provided' is
provided only last year. 'possibly incorrect. We are referring to a
forcing' is not parallel. 'in full specific time in the past. 'in full
view ...' as a modifier does not view ...' as a modifier does not
make sense. It implies - The make sense. It implies - The
disintegration produced those disintegration produced those
insights in full view of ground- and insights in full view of ground-
space-based telescopes. and space-based telescopes. A

them' does not have an
antecedent. 'toward the
enhancement' and 'toward
preparing' are not parallel.
Correct Answer. Perfect
parallelism. Also, notice the -ing
forms. This means that the
Sports Medicine programs are
directly involved in these
actions. E

We need the future tense 'will

make' here. Usage of 'it' is
incorrect. We need the reflexive
'itself'. Correct answer. E

for having' is not parallel to 'having' Correct answer. E

The prepositional phrase 'for

consumers and …' modifies the
Not a complete sentence. Also, verb 'predicts' and not 'reduce
seems to imply that the prediction costs'. This seems to imply that
is for the businesses( as If they the government is doing the
commissioned the government for prediction for the sake of these
predicting costs). people/businesses. A

heat' seems to be parallel to

Correct answer. 'electricity'. Hence, incorrect. D

each of which' is singular. Usage

of present continuous is
each of which' requires a clause to incorrect. We are talking about
follow it. 'having …' is incorrect general truths here. Better use
here. (Having introduces an action present tense. The modifier
that happened before something 'called the taste pore' modifies
else.) 'taste buds'. C

Correct answer. 'Cutting' is parallel

to 'raising' Here the modifies their feed allotment cut' is not
'cutting …' functions as a parallel to 'raising'. 'raising'
subordinate action (a description of seems to modify 'suppliers,
the previous clause) and modifies whereas 'their feed allotment
the subject 'suppliers'. cut' modifies 'fish'. D
 the usage is in small quantities'
is absurd. It means that
frequency of consuming
medicinal spices is very low. (like
Correct answer. Perfect parallelism 2-3 times a year. - the usage is a
(even with prepositional phrases.) very small number) D

Correct answer. 'This uses the form

'X but Y'. This is used to denote a
contrast. (not X but Y is used when
X is expected/normal, but then is
refuted.) The parallel structure
here is - 'many traits are X, but are
Y'.
a risk as little as' is unidiomatic.
Better write 'as little risk as'. 'risk
for causing' is unidiomatic.
because of enhancing' is
incorrect. In general, because of
+ Verb-ing is incorrect on the
GMAT. D
a risk as little as' is unidiomatic.
Better write 'as little risk as'. 'risk
for it to cause' is incorrect. If we
remove the modifiers, the
sentence reads - toxic
substances present a risk for
toxic substances to cause'. 'It'
cannot refer to toxic substances. B

those of' is nonsensical. 'distinguish

their own species from species of
others' does not make sense.
'apparently assisting flies to taste
HCs…, HCs…' does not make any
sense. (HCs do not help flies to
taste HCs) Correct answer. E

Usage of 'would' is incorrect. To

denote the future use 'will'.
Usage of 'would' is incorrect. To 'they' (plural) cannot refer to
denote the future use 'will'. 'those' 'level'. 'they were ..' is not
(plural) cannot refer to 'level'. parallel to 'level'. B

Distorts the meaning. This option varied as are' is unidiomatic. The

refers to countries other than correct idiom is 'as + adjective +
China, the Netherlands .. as'. A

Changes the meaning. The original

sentence says that - many cities no
longer have a river as their focal
point. This option says that - few
cities do have a river as their focal
point. Correct Answer. E
 Katherine Graham's becoming' is
just horribly awkward. Also, the
initial modifier does not make
much sense. 'moving into first
ranks …' has no bearing on 'the
paper won high praise'. Also,
whenever we have an -ing
modifier the actions in the
modifier and the main clause
must be contemporaneous. The
watergate scandal happened
during the Nixon era, much after
Sentence
Faulty fragment.between 'car
comparison 1963. A
models' and 'automobile company'. Faulty comparison between 'car
'less by 4/10ths of 1 percent' models' and 'automobile
incorrectly modifies $72, but company'. 'decrease about' is
modify 'would decrease'. 'less by' is unidiomatic. Does not answer
unidiomatic. Use 'less than'. the question
which' refers -to'decrease
marital $72
'decrease about' is unidiomatic. from what price?'
satisfaction. Hence, Does
the not
Does not answer the question - answer the part
underlined question '0.4%-
becomes
'decrease $72 from what price?' percent satisfaction
'marital of what?' was more so B
…' - In this the 'so' does not refer
than' requires parallelism. 'if they to anything. (in the original
were to retire' is not parallel. This sentence 'so' referred to
also distorts the meaning.('they' 'reported higher marital
refers to the same group of satisfaction'.) 'than' requires
women.). Obviously we are parallelism. 'those retiring' is not
comparing two different groups of parallel to 'marital satisfaction
women. was more so'. A

Usage of past perfect is

Correct answer. incorrect. D
led to the Act' is nonsensical.'intent
to sell' is unidiomatic. The usage of The usage of 'and' is incorrect.
'and' is incorrect. 'and' connects 'and' connects two independent
two independent things(it things(it introduces a list). Here
introduces a list). Here we need to we need to have a connection
have a connection between the 2 between the 2 ideas(the 2nd
ideas(the 2nd idea must be idea must be subordinate to the
subordinate to the 1st). 1st). C

and also' is redundant. The usage

of 'they' after 'and also' is
redundant. Usage of 'having been
…' is incorrect. 'having been …' is
used to denote an action that
happened before another action.
drops carbon dioxide. Usage of
'having been' is incorrect. Seems
to imply that these other gases
are no longer implicated. A

and that' is not parallel to

is found' is not parallel to 'it
resembles'. '4.5" animal it
resembles' is nonsensical.
anything. If we remove the
intervening modifer 'resembling
a hummingbird' we see that this
option is a sentence fragment.
There is no main verb. C

Correct answer. 'spending less
time' modifies the action - 'to see
more patients'.
spending less time with each' as
a modifier to 'insurance plans
that impose stricter limits on
medical services' does not make
any sense. D

and this vantage point' is not a

clause. 'Seems to imply that the
vantage point itself combined with
her talents (vantage point is the
agent/actor).
Correct answer
Correct answer. E
"more than twice as great …" D
seems to refer to "60." Not the
intended meaning. The pronoun
"that" does not refer to
anything.

"2000 is ten times more black "that of their estimated A

rhinos than their population population" - the pronoun
estimate …" - "their" refers to a "that" does not have any
noun + all its adjectives - "ten times antecedent. '"population's
more black rhinos …". This does not estimated amount" is
make sense. redundant. We do not say
"population's amount is 200";
We say "population is 200".

"employment costs rose lower in We cannot use "were" as a A

the 12 months that ended in substitute for "rose". "did" can
September than in the year that substitute ("did rise"). "lower"
ended in the previous quarter." - cannot be used to compare two
"lower" cannot be used to compare actions. We cannot say "costs
two actions. We cannot say "costs rose lower".
rose lower".

Correct answer The phrase "any more likely D

that" is incorrect
"lags behind by an average of correct answer. E
$8000 to $24,000 less …" is
redundant. Moreover, this - "their
salaries lag behind by $8000 at
time #1 to $24,0000 at time #2" -
does not make sense. The "to"
implies (a range) that these things
are part of the same "lag".
However, these are two different
"lags" - one at time #1 and the
other at time #2. we need to
connect with an "and".

"while they denounce big "while they are denouncing big A

government" needs a main clause.
Moreover, "at the same time
supporting many specific
government programs …" does not
make sense as a modifier to
"saying that government is doing
too much …"
government …" - we need the
simple present to talk about
general truths. Also, this clause
needs a main clause. "and it has
become too powerful" - the
usage of "it" is redundant.
Moreover, "supporting at the
same time many specific
government programs …" does
not make sense as a modifier to
"they say that government is
doing too much …"
"it" does not have an antecedent. Correct answer. E

Sugggests "online drugstores" play Wrong comparison pharmacy vs C

the role of "traditional cornerstone of success
pharmacies". Moreover, this
construction "just as X, [so too] Y"
requires X and Y to be complete
clauses.

"had remained during the last ice "suggests a portion of the area C
age" - is incorrect since we are …" - Not the intended meaning.
referring to a specific time in the The radiocarbon dating did not
past. Use simple past. The suggest the area itself.
structure of this sentence is
"Radiocarbon dating suggests at
least a portion of the area +
Modifier" - Not the intended
meaning.
We need the passive infinitive "to Modifier incorrectly refers to C
be" after seemed. "he seemed to Youth Canorous. Moreover, the
be the only candidate …" (to usage of "being" is redundant.
whom? Presumably to youth Removing it does not alter the
canorous). We cannot use the meaning of the sentence.
active form. "He seemed/appeared
the only candidate" - this implies
that he performed the act of
appearing/seeming. For example -
The lion appeared suddenly around
the corner.

Usage of past perfect "had "notion of science being based B

experimented" suggests that he on experiment" is incorrect. This
experimented before he was born. refers to only that science that is
Moreover "Ali-al-Hasan and had based on experiment.
experimented …" is not a proper Moreover, removing "being"
construction. "not only X but also does not change the meaning.
Y" structure used here is not Hence, it is redundant. This
parallel. "al-Haytham was born in modifier "al-Haytham was born
Iraq in 965 C.E., and had in Iraq in 965 C.E.,
experimented extensively with experimenting extensively with
light and vision". These two ideas light and vision" is nonsense.
are presented in parallel structure "experimenting with ..." does
but they should not be because not describe HOW he was born
they are not equally emphatic. In in Iraq.
parallel structures two ideas should
have the same importance.
"differed + when compared to" is "that of his own" is redundant. B
redundant. "when compared to" "that of" already suggests his
suggests that their music differed own music.
ONLY WHEN it was compared to
that of Bill Monroe. "were
influential to many musicians"
suggests that those musicians felt
Monroe's views were influential
but we cannot infer whether they
actually influenced those
musicians. "musicians who include
Elvis and Jerry" is incorrect. This
suggests that these people were
parts/components of musicians.

"and as sources of firewood …, for Correct answer. The implied E

providing" is not parallel to
anything else. Moreover, it is a
sentence fragment. The part after
"and" reads "and [forests] as
sources of building material and
firewood, for providing ...".
structure after "and" is this -
"and [forests], as sources of
building material and firewood,
provide …"

"… thus closer to the Sun than "thus closer to the Sun than B
Neptune is for 20 years …" - does Neptune is for 20 years …"
not make sense. modifies Pluto's orbit.
Correct answer. This is correct
because "in that" = in the sense
that. "parachute-like membranes"
differ in this sense - that they are
attached to a cartilage rod at the
elbow.
"like" is used incorrectly for stating Correct answer. Maintains
examples. "not only being
threatened …" is not parallel to
"but also by dropped anchors …"
"differ in their being attached to D
a cartilage rod at the elbow …"
implies that parachute-like
membranes in both scaly-tailed
flying squirrels and squirrels in
the family Scuridiae are
attached to a cartilage rod at the
elbow (and NOT at the wrist).
This means that differences are
in HOW the attachments are
made at the elbow. the
"instead" also implies that there
are NO diffrences in the
attachments at the elbow.
"instead of the wrist" can refer
either to "cartilage rod" or to
"elbow". Ambiguous.
E
parallelism.
"from the mainland sometimes, or "from the mainland sometimes, B
sometimes it comes " - not parallel. or sometimes coming" - Not
In addition, the pronoun "it" refers parallel.
to "wool of sheep that roam the
Isle of Lewis and Harris off the
coast of Scotland" (Noun + all its
modifiers". This does not make any
sense in the sentence "it comes
from outside Scotland".

"and he was fundamental in "and who was fundamental …" C

synthesizing …" -this idea does not is not parallel to anything else.
make sense as an independent
clause. Because "and" introduces a
list of things that have no relation
to one another. However,
"fundamental in synthesizing …"
should clearly describe "superb
draftsman and a remarkably
versatile artist". Also, we need to
separate two independent clauses
connected by an "and" with a
Comma.
Correct answer.
"over and above" is redundant.
"about 60 feet" seems to modify
"its present height".
"this" a demonstrative adjective D
and hence cannot be used
indepedenly. "scientists know
what they know" is redundant.
"now about 60 feet" refers to C
"their height" - Not the
intended meaning. "level of
the seas to be raised over their
height" - by how much? Not
clear. In addition, "level of the
seas to be raised over
their[seas'] height" - this does
not make any sense.
"consequent melting of polar ice
caps caused the sea levels to be
raised …" - the passive infinitive
"to be raised" suggests that
something else caused the sea
levels to rise. We know from the
context, however, that the
melting did this. Hence, the
active form "to rise" is
preferred.
"hopefully" = "full of hope"; not the Correct Answer. E
intended meaning. For example -
She looked at him hopefully. It
cannot be used in the same sense
as "It is hoped that". "making more
expensive borrowing …" does not
make any sense. This suggests that
British policy makers made more
expensive borrowing. "restraining
economic growth, policy makers
raised interest rates" - this does
not make sense either. Because
"restraining" (something that is
hoped will be a future result)
happens in the same time frame as
"raised interest rates". In addition,
this answer option seems to
suggest that restraining economic
growth was HOW they raised
interest rates.

"and to expand" is not parallel to Correct parallelism E

anything else.

"when compared …" suggests that "when compared …" suggests B

"people running 3 days a week
save an average of 14.1%..." ONLY
WHEN they are compared with
"people who do not run".
that "running 3 days a week
saves an average of 14.1%..."
ONLY WHEN they are compared
with "nonrunners". Moreover,
"nonrunners" is compared with
"running 3 days a week".
"running 3 days a week saves an
average of 14.1% on
healthcare ..." - for whom? Not
clear.
the year 2000 is compared with
"this group". "in 1910 this group
made 35% of the population with
20% in 2000" - nonsense. "with
20% in 2000" has nothing to do
with how in 1910 this group made
35% of the population.
wrong comparsion between Correct answer.
"human" and "grape DNA". "the
DNA of grape plants" is singular.
Here, "where" can mean "at
which" or "in which". We are not
sure what the intended meaning is
here.
Correct parallel structure between
"people show in their behavior and
attitudes" and " they are to have
calcium deposits".
Correct answer. E
E
"people show in their behavior D
and attitudes" and "there are
to be calcium deposits in the
arteries of their hearts" -- not
perfectly parallel. "be + to
infinitive" is used to talk about
plans and arrangements that
take place in the future of the
main action. for example - "the
prime minister is to visit India
tomorrow"; "Sarah is to start
her new job on the first of
December." "there are to be
calcium deposits" suggests that
this thing is expected to happen
in the future. Removing "to be"
corrects this and makes the
meaning more clear.
We do not use future tense "will" "whether or not" is incorrect. A
with conditional statements (such Note that we cannot use the
as "if"). Look at the structure here future tense "will" when
- "Whether(=IF) Taiwan develops "whether" is used to state
a close relationship or preserves conditions. Use simple present
status quo, the US will be instead. In addition, The
affected" - We CANNOT say "will pronoun "it" does not have a
develop/will preserve" here. referent. "It affects/impacts
Contrast this with - "I am not sure the US whether Taiwan
whether he will be there develops closer relationships
tomorrow" (Does not state a or preserves the status quo". -
condition; hence, correct). Use this suggests something
simple present instead. The impacts the US no matter what
pronoun "it" does not have a Taiwan does (whether Taiwan
referent. does X or Y). Contrast this with -
"It is unclear whether she will
attend the party". Here, "it"
refers to "whether she will
attend the party".

"increasing + further" is redundant. suggests that the company A

"prices cuts were announced for
increasing sales that surpass Wall
Street's estimates". - Unacceptable
shift in meaning.
itself surpassed Wall Street's
estimates. Incorrect. "increase
+ further" is redundant. Also,
the modifier "to increase sales
further"_x009d_ has a comma
on only one side. The correct
structure is - "while
announcing that, to increase
sales further, there would
be ...". Furthermore, "there
would be the first in a series of
price cuts" - Not clear who
exactly would bring this about.
the company?
"and the 15 recordings she made "and that the 15 recordings …" is A
were …" (a clause) is not parallel to not parallel to anything else.
anything else. Moreover, this "while in her prime" refers to
structure(a clause) is incompatible "her career".
with "even with" (a prepositional
phrase). (We cannot say - "even
with the 15 recordings she made
were …").

'the usage of "which" is incorrect. 'the usage of "which" is B

this suggests that the company's incorrect.
purpose is controlling 15% of
nation's gasoline sales. Not the
intended meaning.
"like" cannot be used to state Correct answer. E
examples. "processes that are
natural" is clearly inferior to
"natural processes". Usage of
"ones" is redundant as removing it
does not alter the meaning of the
sentence.

This option changes the meaning "it" does not have a referent. C
of the sentence. Remove the non- Moreover, this option says
essential modifier to see this - "obstacle for Congress" - not
"The 151 member governments correct. "the concern …" is an
are expected to increase the obstacle to Congressional
bank’s funding by $175 billion passage
though some US legislators cite
the concern that the bank’s loans
will help foreign producers
compete with American
businesses." - Not ideal contrast.
they don't just cite them. They
cite them as an obstacle to
congressional passage. It is not a
fact that the concern is an
obstacle (the legislators have
cited it so). According to this
option, however, the concern IS
an obstacle. (not someone's
subjective opinion).
"they" does not have a proper
antecedent. This also suggests
that "FDA" intends the drugs to
be used by adults and children.
"mandates that any drug must
undergo" - Incorrect. Redundant.
"simultaneously + while" is
redundant.
Correct answer.
"interaction of two stars where two Correct answer.
stars …" - interaction is not a
physical location.
"both by adults and children" - C
not parallel. "mandates that
any drug must undergo" -
Incorrect. Redundant.
Correct answer. E
"either the improvement of D
crop yields or to ward off …" -
not parallel.
E
"not only convenience stores, but
also combining …" - not parallel.
"not only adding convenience A
stores, but also in combining …"
- not parallel. "in combining with
major fast-food chains they
build complexes…" -this does
not make sense either. "building
complexes" is not a part of
"combining with major food
chains".

correct answer. "extent to flooding" - is D

incorrect. "extent of flooding" is
the correct expression. This
structure is also incorrect --
"indicate the degree that rocks
were scattered by its force". The
correct expression would use
"the degree to which". ('to
which' correctly indicates
extent).

"will be warned about potential Correct answer E

risks and an independent panel
would …" - tense mismatch. Note
that we cannot use "will" because
we need future-in-the-past
"would". The timeframe is clearly
in the past - "were established"
and "before it was conducted". the
usage of "will" is correct only if
they have not been warned of the
potential risks yet. This is unlikely
because we know that
independent panels have already
evaluated those experiments.
(note the "would").
"less than one percent of homes" is "where" should have referred A
plural. Usage of "was" is incorrect. to "homes". Here, it seems to
The modifier "having lighting …" refer to the verb "had
also does not make sense in the electricity". This does not make
context. "less than one percent of much sense. "less than one
homes had electricity, having percent of homes had
lighting that was still provided by electricity, where lighting had
candles or gas" - the modifier still been provided by candles
seems to describe HOW they had …" - both of these are referring
electricity. Clearly, illogical. "there to what happened at the end of
were 1% of homes that had the 19th century. Usage of
electricity" - here, "that had different tenses is then
electricity" is an essential modifier incorrect.
to "homes". If we rewrite this - "1%
of homes that had electricity were
there" - Clearly, nonsense.

"more closely related to X as they "hoofed mammals that today A

are to Y" is not idiomatic. The basic
structure after removing modifiers
is this - "discoveries show them as
being related to ungulates".
"being" is unnecessary here.
include cows, camels, pigs, and
hippos" - this implies that these
animals are contained within
hoofed mammals. Illogical.

"in a container, or by an increase correct answer. E

in volume …" - we do not use
comma to separate two phrases
connected by a conjunction.
"either accompanied by an
increase or by an increase in
volume" is not parallel.
"when they have been prescribed ", or been" - we do not separate A
too low of a dosage or were taken two phrases connected by a
off a drug too soon" - this presents conjunction with a comma. This
two alternatives that happen at the - "have a drug prescription with
same time. We need the same a dosage too low" (it is just a
tenses. Also, "when" implies at the sheet of paper) need not lead to
same time. "when they were taken "received inadequate
off the drugs, they may have treatment". This, however, will -
received inadequate treatment" - "have been prescribed too low a
does not make sense either. The drug dosage"
timeline of tenses in options B, D,
and E do not make sense. They do
not receive inadequate treatment
at the same time/when they have
been prescribed too low a dosage
OR when they have been taken off
a drug. Receiving "inadequate
treatment" clearly occurs AFTER
the prescriptions and AFTER they
are taken off drugs too early.

"demand that local school districts "demand that local school B

are in control …" does not use the
proper verb form for command
subjunctive.
districts are to be in control …"
does not use the proper verb
form for command subjunctive.
"but it can only spend it …" - the
two "it"s refer to two different
things. This is not allowed in the
same clause. Morevoer, the first
"it" has to refer to the plural
form "local school districts".
"earnings" are incorrectly correct modifier, correct E
compared to the previous quarter. comparison.

"the altar of heaven more than a "the Altar of heaven, which was B
1000 years older than a similar one … and is …" - this lacks a main
In Beijing and is the only altar clause. Hence, incorrect.
found so far …" - the phrase to the
left hand side of "and" is missing a
verb.

this sentence - "transferring heat "them" does not have a plural C

occurs more slowly" - does not
make much sense.
antecedent that it can refer to.
Moreover, this reads "heat
occurs more slowly" - Not
logical. Also, "the more rapid
transfer" is compared with
"heat".

they and them pronoun ref not not only… but also not parallel B
clear. , imposing of not correct
look at the parallel structures "an Correct answer E
asteroid bigger than Everest
slammed into North America" and
"it marks the end of the geological
era known as the Cretaceous". By
putting these two in parallel we are
implying that both have the same
priority. However, clearly the
second is a description of the first.
Also, note that the possible
antecedent for "it" - "an event that
caused ..." is in a non-essential
modifier. A sentence must make
sense even if the non-essential
modifiers are removed. the "it"
then will not have an antecedent.
Not ideal.

does not have a main clause "although + yet" is redundant. A

"they" cannot refer to "a vast
constellation".

"complex human traits" is plural. "like" cannot be used to A

"like" cannot be used to introduce introduce examples.
examples.
"being more pictographic …" this is a run on sentence. A
should have referred to the
language of the Aztec peole. Here
it modifies "not as highly
sophisticated as that of the Maya".
Even this does not make sense as it
implies "more pictographic" was
the reason behind being not
sophisticated.

"besides adding complementary "besides adding complementary A

flavors .." refers to "the release of flavors .." refers to "the release
endorphins". "both by hot sauces of endorphins". The "release of
and exercise" - Not parallel. endorphins" is not "with
exercise".

Correct answer. "similar dinosaur types that D

were previously found in North
America" - Illogical.

"evidence of a star" - not the "evidence of a star" - not the B

intended meaning. "exploding into intended meaning. "that
full view" refers to "astronomers". exploded into view 340,000
Illogical. The participle modifier (by years ago and that emitted
definition) occurs in the same time dazzling radiation …". Using
frame as "have uncovered". "and" suggests that "exploding
Illogical. Using "and" suggests that into view" and "emitting
"exploding into view" and "emitting dazzling radiation" are
dazzling radiation" are completely completely unrelated ideas.
unrelated ideas.
Unacceptable shift in meaning. This "maintaining competition" is A
option no longer suggests that rich very different from "maintaining
nations have joined this trend. competitiveness".
Rather this gives a reason why this
trend happens IN rich nations. We
do not know who has joined the
trend IN rich nations. "wanting to
maintain competition" is not the
same as wanting to maintain
"competitiveness".

Correct answer. "they" refers to two different D

things in the same sentence.
Not ideal. The pronoun "it"
does not have an antecedent.
Also, it does not make sense to
put these two in parallel - "the
numbers 1 and 2 and the
letters A and B have
connotations associated
with them and they are aware
of it ". The second clause is
clearly a description of
"connotations". Not ideal.
Moreover, if "them" refers back
to the subject "the numbers 1
and 2 ...", we need a reflexive
pronoun "themselves".
"with transpiration to return 21 "the rest of the 9 inches A
inches" - this seems to imply that contribute" - the subject and
transpiration has an OBLIGATION/is verb do not agree.
EXPECTED to return 21 inches. "transpiration from soil and
Incorrect. Moreover, the modifier from plants return" - subject and
"with transpiration to return 21 verb do not agree.
inches …" does not make sense as
it seems to describe HOW "the rest
of 9 inches contributes to the
flow ...". "the rest of the 9 inches" -
refers to what is left of the 9
inches. Incorrect. We need to say
"the rest of the 21 inches".

Correct answer. "each style" cannot be D

"products of regional
influences".

"vulnerable to any hints of oil "resulting in the fact of domestic B

supplies + modifier" - not the oil prices + modifier"- Illogical.
intended meaning.
"has descended" literally implies
moving downwards. "is
descended", on the other hand,
implies "is a descendant of".
This has an ambiguous meaning.
We do not know whether
Sacagawea dollar coin will be as a
substitute for the dollar bill or
whether the dollar bill will be
used as a substitute for four
quarters. Moreover, "because its
weight of only 8.1 grams is far
lighter than it is for …" - the
pronoun "it" illogically refers to "its
(Sacagawea dollar's) weight".
Correct answer.
Correct answer E
"more + rather than" is C
unidiomatic. Moreover,
"because its weight of only 8.1
grams is far lighter than it is for
…" - the pronoun "it" illogically
refers to "its (Sacagawea
dollar's) weight".
"25 percent over the next five D
years is an increase that
amounts (amounting) to
roughly 5 miles a gallon,
representing the first significant
advance …" - this modifier does
not make sense as it seems to
describe HOW the increase
amounts to 5 miles a gallon.
Moreover, 25% does not
represent a significant change. A
25% increase in fuel efficiency
does.
"which" incorrectly modifies
"directly".
comma + with is used to make A
component observations. Like
this - "the town experienced
devastating floods, with some
people losing all their material
possessions". This is not the
context here.

"like" cannot be followed by "like + so" is unidiomatic. Also, A

prepositions. "like + so" is
unidiomatic.
"linux" is compared with "it". "it
is that support for linux has
been growing" = "that support
for linux has been growing is".
This does not make any sense.

"either from burning up or "they act as a global thermostat A

freezing over" - not parallel. "they to thus keep Earth from either
act as a global thermostat that burning up …" - this implies that
thus keeps Earth …" - this implies they act as a thermostat with an
that there IS a global thermostat intent/purpose. Not logical.
that keeps earth from burning up. "Although ice particles benefit
Ice particles only ACT AS a global Earth in that they reflect and
thermostat and in the process keep absorb solar radiation, they act
earth from burning up. "even as a global thermostat ..." - the
though it also accelerates " - the usage of "although" does not
pronoun "it" has no antecedent. make sense as there is no
Finally, "Although ice particles contrast indicated.
benefit Earth in that they reflect
and absorb solar radiation, they act
as a global thermostat ..." - the
usage of "although" does not make
sense as there is no contrast
indicated.
"Blaming …" incorrectly modifies "Blaming …" incorrectly modifies A
"company's announcement". "company's announement".
"company's announcement "more than 2000 jobs"
included the cutting of its erroneously refers to (entire)
workforce and expecting to "workforce". "expected a
report a loss in its third quarter". reported loss" does not make
-- this does not make any sense. any sense. It implies that there
Taken literally, it means that are reported, and thus
actual firings (not just an unreported losses as well.
announcement) and (the action "company's announcement
of) anticipating a loss in 3rd quarter included cutting its workforce"
were part of the announcement. does not make sense.
(i.e. they sat down for a while and
then they anticipated the loss - this
was part of the announcement)

Correct answer. "its decline was much D

more rapid during the
subsequent recession than the
economy of the United
States." - wrong comparison
between "economy" and
"decline".

"psychiatrists" are compared with "psychiatrists" are compared B

"historically psychologists". with "historically psychologists".
Incorrect. Note that in "unlike X, Y" Incorrect.
--we cannot have a modifier like
"historically" before Y.

"but having been redirected …" is Correct answer. (Note - this E

not parallel to anything else. This is does not make much sense
a sentence fragment. either because -ing modifiers
take the same tense as the verb
in the main clause - "have been
redirected". Not logical).
"pioneered …" should have
modified "beam robots".
"programming for BEAM
robots learning to walk through
trial and error" -implies that there
are certain ones that learn to walk
through trial & error and certain
ones that do not. "brainlike circuits
called neural networks are used ..."
- for whom/what? Not clear.
"the AG accused the bank of
deceptive practices because of its
failure to honor its promises".
"because" indicates a reason. As
such reason should be different
from accusation. "deceptive
practices" and "failure to keep its
promises" are the same thing. So,
this option basically reads "the AG
accused the bank of engaging in
deceptive practices because it
engaged in deceptive practices
(failure to honor its promise)."
Also, "promise in keeping records
private" is unidiomatic.
"pioneered …" should have A
modified "beam robots". "neural
networks are being used for
BEAM robots" - use of present
continuous is not required since
we are talking about general
truth/facts about BEAM robots.
"BEAM robots that learn to walk
through trial and error" -implies
that there are certain ones that
learn to walk through trial &
error and certain ones that do
not.
"the AG accused the bank of A
deceptive practices because of
its failure to keep its promises".
"because" indicates cause-and-
effect. As such "cause" and
"effect" must be two different
things. "deceptive practices"
and "failure to keep its
promises" are the same things.
"promise of keeping records
safe" is unidiomatic.
"broadening" and "feigns" are not 3 things - "hissing", C
parallel. Also, this option refers "broadening", and "feigning"
only to "hognose snakes with no must be connected by a
dangerous fangs and no venom". conjunction. Also, this option
Incorrect. The second part of this refers only to "hognose snakes
option is a fragment - "the with no dangerous fangs and
hognose snake with no dangerous no venom". Incorrect. The
fangs and no venom, and second part of this option is a
eventually, if its pursuer is not fragment - "the hognose snake
cowed by the performance, will fall with no dangerous fangs and no
over and play dead". venom, and eventually, if its
pursuer is not cowed by the
performance, will fall over and
play dead".

"other animals that were studied Correct answer. Note that E

with as much depth" -- "other animals would exhibit
unacceptable shift in meaning. similar patterns if they were
Here, these animals are already studied in as much depth" -- this
studied and we are waiting for states a hypothetical condition.
the results. The original meaning (not past tense).
states a condition -- "IF they were
studied in as much depth" (implies
that they are NOT studied in as
much depth). Furthermore,
"studied with depth" is not
idiomatic.

Plain "such that" is considered "wherein" = "in which". This C

incorrect on GMAT. does not make a lot of sense
here.
"While more than 300 rivers drain "More than all the North A
into it, Siberia's Lake Baikal holds American Great Lakes
20 percent of the world's fresh combined" seems to imply that
water" -- there is no contrast Lake Baikal IS MORE than all
indicated between these two Great Lakes combined. MORE in
clauses. Incorrect. "20 percent of what sense? Not clear.
the world's fresh water, which is
more than all the North American
Great Lakes
combined." -- water is compared to
Lakes. Incorrect. (Note that this is
not the comparison involved in
option A in which "more than"
functions as an adverbial that
modifies "holds").

Correct answer. "still harboring "was privy" occurs before "will D

the illusion that email exchanges
are private" suggests that those
people still harbor those illusions
(Note that -ing forms take the
tense of the clause that they attach
to).
enable an interloper" -- this
does not make much sense.
"still harboring the illusion
that E-mail exchanges had
been private" implies that they
no longer held those illusions
when they uncovered that trick.
"after which" must be followed by Correct answer E
a clause. " the surface broke apart
with repeated impacts" is
incorrect.

"interacting among each other …" "interacting among one C

- we use "one another" with more
than 2 things, not "each other".
"interacting between other tribes"
does not make sense. "between" is
not used only for 2 things.
"interacting …" should refer to
"neighboring tribes". Here, it refers
to the subject of the preceding
clause "the confederacy".
Incorrect.
another" is unidiomatic.
"interacting …" should refer to
"neighboring tribes". Here, the
participial modifier refers to the
subject of the preceding clause
"the confederacy". Incorrect.

Wrong comparison between Wrong comparison between B

"emergency calls" and "operators". "emergency calls" and
"operators".

Correct answer. We cannot announce "the D

pulsar" (a star), only its
discovery. "while" here seems to
imply simultaneous action.
Illogical
Correct answer. "not only but + as well" is D
redundant. "not only X but Y" --
in this option X and Y are not
parallel.

Wrong comparison between "men perfect parallelism and the E

of science" and "the handicap". correct answer.

SV agreement error - three out of "Out of every four owners of A

every four automobile owners automobiles in the United
(plural) vs owns (singular). States" modifies "bicycles".
Incorrect.

Idiom "regard to be" is incorrect. Idiom "regard to be" is incorrect. C

The correct form is "regard as". The correct form is "regard as".
'"it" refers to "early homind's
manner of walking". Illogical.

"both because they carry" - "they" "because all of its neural C

does not have an antecedent. pathways" -- the "its" does not
have an antecedent.

Correct answer. "determined as a result of" is D

redundant. (X is determined by
Y IS THE SAME AS X happens as
a result of Y).
Correct answer. Note the parallel "and attracting" is not parallel to D
structures - "call female moths to anything else in the sentence.
them using acoustical signals,
rather than olfactory ones, and
attract"
Correct answer
"jumped at 20 percent" is
unidiomatic.
"more + rather than" is
unidiomatic. This sentence
distorts the meaning of the
sentence by suggesting that the
style conforms MORE to the shape
of the body and thus is ergonomic.
the original sentence is the new
style conforms to shape of the
body and thus is MORE ergonomic.
the structure of the modifier is -
"the style conforms more to body's
shape than shape flaunted" --
"shape flaunted" and "body's
shape" are in parallel. Illogical.
this suggests that their D
commitment to a work and a
career that their parents had is
reducing -- not the intended
meaning.
"jumped at 20 percent" is B
unidiomatic.
This sentence distorts the B
meaning of the sentence by
suggesting that the style
conforms MORE to the shape of
the body and thus is ergonomic.
the original sentence is the new
style conforms to shape of the
body and thus is MORE
ergonomic. the structure of the
modifier is - "the style conforms
more to body's shape than
flaunting shape" -- "flaunting
shape" and "body's shape" are
in parallel. Illogical.
Correct answer. "navigators who
sailed around gathering
information …" the modifier
"gathering information" describes
the previous clause "sailed
around".
"steam locomotive" is compared
with "cold engine of a diesel
locomotive".
Not a sentence.
"the Sumatran Rhino" is not WITH Correct answer.
"African black and white rhinos".
"astronomers were not WITH D
great navigators". Moreover,
"just as X, Y" requires X and Y to
be parallel. Y is a clause; X is not.
the intervening modifier "almost C
instantly" makes this
comparison incorrect.
Not a sentence. Moreover, B
"using technology …" refers to
"an attempt".
E
Correct answer. "when" must be followed by a D
clause. "when alcohol and not
consumed on binges" is
incorrect.

Usage of "or" distorts the meaning. Correct answer. "what impact it E

These two things - "significant would have" -- usage of "would"
warming will occur" and "impact it suggests that we are talking
would have if it did" are not about a hypothetical situation.
alternatives. "the impact it will
have" -- usage of "will" implies that
this will definitely occur.
"what it [the growth] has been for "exceeds what it [the growth] A
10,000 years" -- Usage of "has did for the 10,000 years" is a
been" is incorrect since we are nonsense sentence. "it"
referring to a specific time period. nonsensically refers to the
Also, "during 10,000 years" does entire phrase "the growth of the
not make it clear which 10,000 global economy since 1990".
years we are referring to. It can
possibly mean any 10,000 year
period. TO MAKE IT CLEAR THAT
WE ARE REFERRING TO A SPECIFIC
TIME PERIOD, THE MODIFIER "from
when agriculture began ..." should
be an essential modifier (not
separated by commas). The tense
"has been" also suggests that the
"growth" was constant during the
period. In addition, the pronoun
"it" nonsensically refers to the
entire phrase "the growth of the
global economy since 1990".

Ambiguous meaning. Seems to "either finding a similar or C

suggest that we are comparing greater variety" -- not parallel.
"insects" to "tropical forests".
"either reported finding a similar or
greater variety" -- not parallel.

"were the only ones in siding with We are referring to a specific C

the colonists during American time period - "during the
Revolution" -- here "in siding with" American revolution". Usage of
is not idiomatic. "were the only past perfect "had sided" is
ones" is not a part of "in siding with incorrect. "the Oneida only of
colonists". "Oneida were the only the five nation league" distors
ones" -- implies that "oneida" the meaning. This sentence
comprise more than one nation. suggests that the Oneida were
only a part of the five nation
league, not of any other league.
"crested wheatgrass" is compared
with "the root system". "the root
system of native North American
grasses is more extensive" --
changes the meaning by suggesting
that root systems of wheatgrass
are also extensive(only less so than
those of North American grasses).
"crested wheatgrass" is A
compared with "the
extensiveness of the root
system". This option implies
""grasses' greater enrichment of
soil" -- does not make any sense.
"that tall" is also incorrect.

Correct answer. shifts' are compared with D

'husbands'. the usage of 'when'
is incorrect. it distorts the
meaning. It seems to suggest
that when women have such
children, they automatically
become more likely to work
different shifts.

active voice + by + noun' is by fossil fuels' is incorrect. C

generally incorrect. Usage of 'by 'emissions can be cut by fossil
alternatives' is also incorrect. fuels' is absurd.
'emissions can be cut by
alternatives' is incorrect. Better use
'by using alternatives'.

Correct answer. From this we know her discovering ...' is just D

that 'her' can refer to a noun in awkward. 'her discovering' is not
possessive form. parallel to 'painstaking
documentation'.
and also' is redundant. Usage of than' requires parallel structure. C
past tense is incorrect. Past tense 'with conventional structures' is
has no bearing on the present. not parallel to anything. The
Present perfect, however, has a sentence also distorts the
bearing on the present. The original meaning. Here only the
sentence also distorts the original bridge shows their idea. In the
meaning. Here only the bridge original all structures do.
shows their idea. In the original all
structures
Faulty do.
comparison between fertility Correct answer. E
rates and countries. 'all those of'
distorts the meaning. seems to
imply that there are many fertility
rates and those are common to
Indonesia and Thailand.

'seemed' - past tense - is incorrect. Correct answer. E

Cancun seems like that to people
now. Hence, use present perfect.
(the action used happened in the
past and its effect is felt right now
in our observation.)

if' must be followed by a clause. Correct answer. E

'having improved ...' is incorrectly
used. 'having ...' is used when the
action following 'having' precedes
the action that it modifies. 'test
scores showing mastery of
reading ...' distorts the meaning.
The correct answer must convey an
idea,for
plan theimposing'
idea thatistest scoreshere. plan for imposing' is incorrect
incorrect C
show
(It thatthey
means reading
were skillls haveup an here. (It means they were
drawing
improved.
agenda and schedule for the plan.) drawing up an agenda and
The usage of 'and' is incorrect. schedule for the plan.) 'truck
'and' introduces a list of and bus engine pollution' is
independent items - 'jointly incorrect. (seems to imply that
adopting' would have no the engines themselves were
relationship to 'imposing'. polluted.)
battery powered cars' are Correct answer. E
compared with 'fuel cells'. 'driving
range and performance' are
compared 'internal combustion
engine'. Distorts the meaning.
Seems to suggest that if we use the
same fuel cells in trucks, we can
expect a similar performance.
(does notthe
both are explicitly answer is
same species' the being domesticated ...' here A
question where
incorrect. would the
(that means theyreindeer
provide incorrectly refers to reindeer's
suchthe
and performance?)
caribou are essentially the tendency. Distorts meaning -
same animals.) If we say both suggests that the years have
belong to same species, then the brought on this change.
order of species to which they Incorrect comparison between
belong is the same. 'tendency is for 'tendency to circle' and
caribou' is unidiomatic. Distorts 'caribou'. Also, this option refers
meaning - suggests that the years to a specific group of caribou -
have brought on this change. caribou that tend to spread far
'about 7000 years' is singular. and wide.
known that' is incorrect (Execpt
probably when you have a
placeholder/dummy 'it').
Correct answer.
unlike + with' is incorrect. 'bananas' picking bananas' is compared
are compared with 'strawberry
picking'.
Correct answer.
it' refers to 'more than ten times as The correct idiom is 'as much +
much energy'.
both X and Y' requires perfect
parallelism between X and Y.
born into ...' must modify 'Martha
Harper'. 'a radical new business
model' seems to modify 'Martha
Harper'.
having been' is redundant here. A
so different + that' is the correct D
idiom.
C
with 'strawberries'.
they' is incorrect. 'they' refers to D
'officials in atlanta's public
schools'.
C
as' , not 'as much + than'.
and also' is redundant. the C
usage of 'having initiated ...' is
incorrect. It must be followed by
what the software company did
later.
born into ...' must modify A
'Martha Harper'. 'a radical new
business model' seems to
modify 'Martha Harper'. Not
parallel. 'gain' is not parallel to
'enabled'.
Correct answer. Maintains parallel redesign' is not parallel to D
structure. 'separating' and 'finding'.

which is' is redundant. 'that' is a which is' is redundant. primarily C

demonstrative pronoun. It needs resulting ...' illogically modifies
an object to modify. (It cannot be $7.4Bn.
used as a standalone pronoun.)
Also, the usage of 'was + because'
is generally incorrect on the GMAT.
(Because "was" (a linking verb) is
followed by adjectives (for example
- she was beautiful). However,
"because/because of" do NOT
function as noun modifiers. Hence
incorrect.)

Correct answer. proof of the bird ...' distorts the D

meaning. Scientists know that
the bird atleast existed. What
they do not know is whether the
bird still exists.

in much the same way' is the Use 'such as' to introduce C

proper idiom. 'same as' requires
parallelism. 'register' is not parallel
to 'experiencing'. 'a person' does
not agree with 'their'.
examples. The correct idiom is
'in much the same way as'.
Faulty comparison between
'registers emotions' and
'heartburn'. 'much the same'
also implies that these two
things are same - illogical. The
word 'their' does not agree with
'a person'.
what types' is not parallel to 'the
levels'. Usage of the past perfect
'had been' is incorrect. 'After
determining ...' must modify
people. Hence, it is a dangling
modifier.
reveal' (a verb) is not parallel to Correct answer
'the speed' (a noun phrase). "what
chemical elements are in the
explosion [is revealed by the
changes]." -- this suggests that ALL
chemical elements exist in one
form in the explosion and in
another form otherwise.
correct answer.
what the types' is not parallel to A
'the levels'. "were present"
suggests that these fossilized
algae are no longer present. We
need to use simple present to
talk about general truths. "what
the types of fossilized algae
were that were present" Is
extremely wordy compared to
"the types of fossilized algae
present"
E
which' incorrectly refers to D
'Antarctic ice streams'. Also,
these things do not suggest
'flowing ice', but rather that
flowing ice may have carved
thsoe channels. (the structure is
-- suggestive of flowing ice +
Modifier).
CORRECT ANSWER. Correct usage "like" cannot be followed by a D
of 'like'. Clear and concise clause.

women who ate' and 'women CORRECT ANSWER. 'Less than' E

eating' are not perfectly parallel. used correctly. Maintains
perfect parallelism.

"require the drug + Modifier" -- Usage of "to have" is redundant A

unacceptable distortion in as removing it conveys the
meaning. intended meaning correctly.

"Unlike with Ramjets" is incorrect. Less concise than option B. B

"unlike" cannot be followed by "does not have the capability of
prepositional phrases. achieving" can simply be
rewritten as "cannot achieve".

"but yet" is redundant. "but yet" is redundant. "a C

middleweight blackhole is less in
its mass" -- it CANNOT be IN its
mass. (this sentence implies that
the blackhole is/exists less In its
mass AND more in something
else.)
not only has captured' and 'but "captured customers" is not C
also these companies have been parallel to "it also forced them
forced' are not parallel. …"

"because" and "therefore" "Because" and "so" together are C

together are redundant. "the rental redundant.
market in the area renewed"
suggests that "rental market"
renewed by itself.

Plural 'they' cannot refer to "now with numbers five times A

singular 'gyrfalcon'. "now with
numbers five times greater than …"
does not describe HOW they
survived a close brush with
extinction.
greater than …" does not
describe HOW they survived a
close brush with extinction.
"now" describes a present
situation. The situation now
cannot have an impact on what
happened in the past.

Use of present perfect 'has CORRECT ANSWER. Simple E

descended' suggests a literal present "is descended" is used
climbing down. to talk about general truths.

Incorrectly compares 'twelve-tone "twelve tone system" is also C

system' and 'Bartók'. compared to "Bartok".
"red wine" incorrectly refers to
"alcohol consumption". Illogical.
Also, this option reads "a 1991
report with moderate alcohol
consumption" -- nonsense.
"red wine" illogically refers to A
"alcohol consumption". If we
ignore the modifiers, the basic
structure is this -- "a reduced
risk of heart disease started
sales of wines growing again".
Clearly nonsense.

This is a sentence fragment. There "and now lined with …" is not C
is no active verb. parallel to anything else.

"this" cannot refer to an entire Does not have a main clause. B

clause. Moreover, demonstrative
adjectives such as "this" cannot
be used independently. They
must modify a noun. Option D is
basically nonsense. The basic
structure is -- because + fact, this
fact has stimulated disputes.
CORRECT ANSWER. Singular 'has' is Singular 'period' needs D
used correctly. Singular 'is' is used singular 'is' not plural 'are'.
correctly. The pronoun "that" does not
have a referent. The present
tense here -- "the period when
the great painted caves were
occupied by Upper Paleolithic
peoples is established by C-
Dating" -- does not make a lot of
sense. Present tense is used for
general/timeless truths (i.e. true
today, in the past, and in the
future). However, the context
suggests that this was a point
event in the past. Use simple
past or present perfect.

the partcipial modifier "excepting this is a run-on sentence. C

for …" should refer to
someone/something that did the
"excepting". Here, "English
language" did not do the
"excepting". (for example -- folding
his hands in devotion, the
Sannyasin prayed. Here, the
Sannyasin folded his hands in
devotion. Similarly, this sentence
implies that the English language
excepted for the domains of
administration and teaching).

"being" is redundant here. "dated CORRECT ANSWER. Subject and E

as" is unidiomatic. "and thus" is not Verb are in agreement.
followed by a verb.
We need the past perfect "had
expected" to suggest that this
happened before the profits
declined.
"As did Rousseau" - did what? Not
clear. We cannot say "rousseau did
rebel" because for the ellipsis to
apply, there is no verb "rebel" in
the main clause. The verb "was
against" does not make sense with
"did". (did + was against -->
incorrect).
CORRECT ANSWER. Parallelism is "which" illogically refers to
maintained. Modifiers are correctly "dollar". "raise in inflation" is
placed and structured.
Not a sentence.
We need the past perfect "had B
expected" to suggest that this
happened before the profits
declined. Note that the future
perfect "will have improved"
(just like past perfect) is used to
indicate the prior action in a
sequence of tenses. Since, we
are referring to a specific time in
the future (second half of the
year), simple future is preferred.
Also, there is no sequence of
tenses in the future.
We need "like", not "as" to A
compare two nouns. Using "as"
suggests that "tolstoi's
rebellion" played the role
of/functioned as "rousseau's
rebellion".
D
incorrect.
the basic structure is "a fungus C
that to become the largest living
organism" -- incorrect. "having
woven" (a perfect participle)
indicates an action that
happened before the main
clause. There is no sequence of
tenses indicated here.
CORRECT ANSWER. The modifier is "either in the case of Abigail D
correctly placed and structured. Adams or of Dolly Madison's" --
not parallel. Also, "of Dolly
Madison's" is redundant.

This is a sentence fragment. Sentence fragment -- does not A

have a main verb. Morevoer,
"that" cannot be separated by
commas.

"thus they have never seen anyone "thus they have never seen A
gesture" cannot be parallel to a anyone gesture" cannot be
noun phrase -- "individuals + who- parallel to a noun phrase --
modifier". "individuals + who-modifier".

"even their being removed …" -- CORRECT ANSWER. All pronoun E

not parallel to anything else. ambiguity is removed.
"more likely as" is unidiomatic. CORRECT ANSWER. Idiomatic E
"they would begin smoking as construction -- "as likely as".
women who went to college." --
this implies that they would start
smoking in the role of women who
went to college.

Much less concise than option E. In CORRECT ANSWER. It is clear E

addition, "glass is able to be and concise. Maintains
shaped" is extremely awkward parallelism
compared to "glass can be
shaped". This option implies glass
HAS THE ABILITY to be shaped. This
is not something that glass CAN do.

CORRECT ANSWER. Modifier is "of all immigrants to enter the D

correctly structured and placed.
US" should have referred to
people. Here, it refers to "the
federal immigration station".
Moreover, this option also uses
redundant construction -- "Of
all immigrants to enter the
United States …, the federal
immigration station on Ellis
Island processed nearly three
quarters of them". Also,
parallelism dictates this
structure -- "having rebuilt in
1900". this implies that the
station rebuilt itself. Illogical.
"they" is redundant. Removing it
makes the sentence more clear.
Moreover the actions "linked" and
"showed" must be in the same
tense. They are parallel effects that
happen at the same time. Here,
"have linked" happens AFTER
"studies showed". Does not make a
lot of sense.
"they showed that in societies C
where they consume little salt,
their …" -- the 1st "they" is
redundant. "showed" suggests
that this happened BEFORE the
studies "linked high salt content
to high rates of hypertension".
The 2nd and 3rd "they" do not
have antecedents.

Sentence fragment. Moreover, CORRECT ANSWER. Clear and E

distorts the meaning of the concise. Maintains parallelism.
sentence. It considers 40% of
elderly people in affluent countries
who consume less nutrients.
Different from just 40% of elderly
people in affluent countries.

"their profits" is incorrect because The modifier "with much of the C

"the computer company" is profits used for paying higher
singular. The modifier "with much taxes" does NOT in any
of their profits going to pay higher meaningful way describe "it was
taxes" does NOT in any meaningful profitable only overseas".
way describe "it was profitable only
overseas".

"aspirin works at the prevention of "aspirin works at the prevention A

blood clots" is incorrect. of blood clots" is incorrect.
Use of past perfect 'had increased'
is incorrect. The pronoun "it"
illogically refers to "the surface
temperature of the globe". "the
previous thirty years" -- which
previous 30 years are we talking
about? Not clear.
The pronoun "it" illogically B
refers to "the surface
temperature of the globe". "the
previous thirty years" -- which
previous 30 years are we talking
about? Not clear.

"all" cannot refer to singular "a this implies that ALL the A
different variety of tortoise". different varieties of tortoises
have ONE style of oversized
dome

"opinion for fundamentally Incorrect usage of 'like'. "those" B

important areas". "for" = "for the does not seem to have a proper
sake of" does not make much antecedent. Either "areas" or
sense. We do not use commas to "attitudes" does not make sense
separate two phrases connected by with "those [areas/attitudes] of
"and". relative merits of competition
…"

"economic shifts are unable to be "so that" suggests that they

distinguished" is awkward. This is were gradual enough with a
not something that economic shifts purpose.
CAN do. Hence, incorrect.

A
Correct Answer - Uses the idiom Incorrect Idiom - Uses "As
"as much as" much…than"

D
Correct Answer. "exhibit the kind of curiosity
where new patterns of behavior
and expression are
passed on" -- "where" is
incorrect because it is used to
specify location.

D
The underlined portion needs to Correct answer - Uses the right
compare an entity that is similar comparison
to "H.Ross Perot's independent
run". Incorrect. Also, this -- "the
independent candidates, George
Wallace in 1968 and John
Anderson in 1980" implies that GW
and JA are descriptions of
independent candidates. Not
logical. "independent candidates"
should modify/serve as
descriptions to GW and JA.

"a rise" is singular.
E
Note that placeholder "it" refers
to the infinitive "to be bought
on credit". "to be bought on
credit is more expensive for
durable goods" is nonsense.

B
"twice as many as the increase ..." "twice as many as the
is a noun modifier and thus refers increase ..." is a noun modifier
to 1990. Morevoer, "increase" is and thus refers to 1990.
not countable. Hence, "many" does Morevoer, "increase" is not
not make sense. (simple check -- countable. Hence, "many" does
"no. of people rose twice" does not not make sense.
make sense. Not an adverbial
modifier).

A
"by the use of websites, public "used Websites, public
meetings, and mass mailings" meetings, and mass mailings"
describes HOW the campaign was happened before "has
organized (= plan or arrange for organized". Illogical. "has
something). Does not make sense. organized a successful campaign
Moreover, active voice + by + in convincing the Department of
action noun is incorrect. For Agriculture". "in convincing"
example - I started the car by the suggests that "organizing" was a
use of keys (wrong)/ I started the part of the actual "convincing".
car by using keys (correct). "that Not logical.
convinced" suggests that
"convincing" happened before "has
organized". Illogical.

E
"through their keeping interest "through their keeping interest
rates low" -- the pronoun "their" is rates low" -- the pronoun "their"
unnecessary as "through keeping is unnecessary as "through
interest rates low" already refers to keeping interest rates low"
the subject "the Federal Reserve". already refers to the subject
"or perhaps even push them "the Federal Reserve". "or
lower" -- not parallel. "them" and perhaps it will even push them
"their" refer to two different lower" -- the pronoun "it" is
things. "Websites, public meetings, unnecessary and redundant.
as well as mass mailings" -- note Moreover, this structure should
that "websites" and "public have been parallel to "keep
meetings" must be connected by interest rates low" (because
"and". Here the construction is logically parallel thoughts).
simply two items connected by a However, here we are unsure of
comma. Incorrect. (Note:- "as well what purpose "even push them
as" is a modifier and not a lower" serves. In the original
substitute for "and".) sentence, the purpose is --
"compensate and help the
economy".

C
"some of which" cannot jump over "being" is redundant as
the preposition "during his first removing it does not change the
term" to refer to "several posts" meaning of the sentence.
because it is not an essential
modifier to "Democratic party".
Rather it modifies the verb "was
appointed".

the usage of "being" is redundant
as removing it does not impact the
meaning. "all
had a written charter" -- not logical
as it suggests that all of them had
one charter. "the 13 colonies, with
some formed as a commercial
venture, all had a written charter"
-- note that "with" functions as an
adverbial modifier that seems to
describe "had a written charter".
Does not make sense. Removing
"with" makes it a noun modifier (as
it should be) that describes "the 13
colonies".
C
"the 13 colonies, with some
formed as a commercial
venture, all had a written
charter" -- note that "with"
functions as an adverbial
modifier that seems to describe
"had a written charter". Does
not make sense. Removing
"with" makes it a noun modifier
(as it should be) that describes
"the 13 colonies".

A
"borrowers that they do not pay
back their loans on time" is
incorrect. "they" here is redundant
and distorts the meaning of the
sentence.
"borrowers that they do not pay
back their loans on time" is
incorrect. "they" here is
redundant and distorts the
meaning of the sentence. "such
a group" = "of a similar kind/like
the type specified before" does
not make sense. We want to
refer to the exact same group of
borrowers, not ones of a similar
type.

B
"with a thesis that is a simple Correct answer. Note that unlike
one" is wordy. A simple fix would who/whom, whose can refer to
be "with a simple thesis". things/animals.
Moreover, the modifier "with a
simple thesis" does not make
sense as it describes HOW the
Council "began publishing
Shopping for a Better World". "a
simple thesis" should rather refer
to the noun "Shopping for a Better
World". We need a noun modifier,
not an adverbial modifier like
"with".

E
Correct answer - Crisp and concise. "for their producing of a ton of
steel". "their" is unnecessary
and redundant. Moreover,
"from 11 hours in 1982 to 6
hours in 1988" specifies a
certain time in the past 1982-
1988. Only simple past makes
sense.

The phrase "in comparison" is
redundant with "Whereas".
Parallelism dictates this -- "yellow
jacket's stinger is able to be pulled
out". Incorrect as this is NOT
something that stingers CAN do.
D
The phrase "in comparison" is
redundant with "Whereas".
Note that "compratively" in the
correct answer is used to
compare "smoothness", not in
place of "whereas". "allowing it
to be pulled out" illogically
refers to "the yellow jacket".

C
TYPE 1 TYPE 2 SUB TYPE
Tenses Modifier

Pronouns

Comparison Modifier Meaning

SVA Parallelism Modifier

Comparison Pronoun Tenses

Parallelism
Pronouns Concision Construction
Idioms Parallelism

Modifiers Parallelism

Modifiers Pronoun Tenses

Comparison Meaning Tenses

Comparison Construction
Comparison Tense Idiom
Idioms

Parallelism Subject-Verb Modifiers

agreement

Miscellaneous Modifier Construction

Parallelism Idiom
Idioms Parallelism

Parallelism Concision

Modifiers Tense

Comparison
Parallelism Tense

Comparison Pronoun Construction

Parallelism Meaning Construction

Parallelism Pronoun Meaning

Modifiers Parallelism Meaning

Comparison Idioms Pronouns

Modifiers Idiom
Modifiers Pronoun

SVA Construction

Parallelism Like/Such As
Idioms Parallelism

Pronouns Due To Last v/s Latter

Idioms Meaning Parallelism

Modifiers Parallelism

SVA Pronoun Parallelism

Modifiers Because of Construction

SVA Pronoun Modifier

Modifiers Subject Verb Meaning

Agreement

Miscellaneous Tenses
Idioms Tenses

Parallelism Idiom

Comparison Being
Comparison Subject Verb
Agreement

Modifiers Parallelism Construction

Miscellaneous Parallelism Concision

Miscellaneous Construction Pronoun

Modifiers Comparison Subject Verb
Agreement

Miscellaneous Pronoun Concision

SVA Tenses
Parallelism Tenses

Pronouns Meaning Construction

SVA Idiom Tenses

Pronouns Parallelism Meaning

Miscellaneous Modifier

Miscellaneous Construction
Pronouns Concision Meaning

SVA Construction Modifier

Modifiers Tense Pronoun

Idioms Subject Verb Tenses
Agreement

Modifiers Pronoun

Idioms Subject Verb

agreement

Comparison
Miscellaneous Parallelism

Modifiers Parallelism

Parallelism Because of Construction

Parallelism Meaning
Miscellaneous Subject Verb
agreement

SVA Pronoun

Comparison
Comparison Tense Construction

Parallelism Meaning Hypothetical

Subjunctive

Idioms Modifiers

Miscellaneous Construction Subject Verb

Agreement
Miscellaneous Pronoun Modifier

Parallelism Meaning Idiom

Miscellaneous Being

Idioms Meaning Tense

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SVA Pronoun
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Tenses SUBJECT VERB Meaning

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Modifiers Meaning Tense

Tenses Pronoun Meaning

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Idioms Pronoun Being/With

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Tenses Meaning
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Pronouns Modifier Meaning

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Comparison Concision As/Like

Parallelism Modifier Pronoun

Miscellaneous Parallelism Tenses

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Parallelism Pronoun Concision

Pronouns Being
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Parallelism Concision Meaning

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