World History – UNIT 2

LATIN AMERICA
WEEK 5
MARCH 29 – APRIL 2, 2021
 Peninsula Peninsulares
Natives Mestizos
BELLWORK Slaves Creoles
Culture Patriarch
Iberian Peninsula

Go to the Edmodo class page and post an

answer to the discussion question for
today. Answers MUST be posted by 1
hour after the end of the class to
receive full credit.
YOU WILL TURN THESE IN AT THE BEGINNING OF CLASS. YOU
WILL HAVE ANOTHER ASSIGNMENT IN CLASS THAT DAY THAT MUST
BE TURNED IN BY THE END OF CLASS!!
 q CATCH UP:
q Napolean invades Portugal in
1807
q Napolean invades Spain in 1808
q Ousted the Spanish King –
SLAVES WIN FREEDOM Ferdinand
q Ferdinand’s brother, Joseph
FOR HAITI took over
q Leader’s in Latin America saw
this as Spain’s weakness, and
an opportunity to reject
foreign domination and demand
independence from colonial
rule.
 q ISLAND OF HISPANIOLA:
SLAVES WIN FREEDOM q Now known as Haiti
FOR HAITI
q French-ruled

q Revolution erupted
q French owned profitable sugar
plantations and nearly ½
million enslaved Africans.
q Plantations were very labor-
intensive
q Slaves were overworked and
underfed.
 q TOUSSAINT L’OUVERTURE
q Intelligent and skillful
leader
SLAVES WIN FREEDOM q Untrained
FOR HAITI q Self-educated, former slave
q Brilliant general / Inspiring
commander
Toussaint
L’Ouverture

Leads a Slave Revolt

 q SLAVE REVOLT
q Embittered by suffering
q Inspired by talk of liberty
SLAVES WIN FREEDOM and equality
FOR HAITI q Revolt in 1791
q Toussaint’s army of former
slaves
Toussaint q Some mulattoes joined French
planters against the rebels
L’Ouverture q France, Spain, and Britain all
sent armies
q More lives lost than any other
Leads a Slave Revolt revolution in the Americas
q 1798 – Slavery abolished and
Toussaint’s forces controlled
most of the island
 q NAPOLEAN BONAPARTE
SLAVES WIN FREEDOM q 1802 – Sent an army to reconquer
Haiti
FOR HAITI q Toussaint urged to fight
q April 1802 – French agreed to a
truce
Haiti Wins q They captured Toussaint
Independence q Imprisoned in France
q Died in prison in 1803
q Struggle for freedom continued
q 1803 – Yellow Fever
q French surrendered
CHECKPOINT: How were slaves instrumental in
q January 1804 – Haiti Independent
achieving Haiti’s independence?
q 1820 – Haiti becomes a republic
MEXICO AND CENTRAL
AMERICA REVOLT
Father Miguel Hidalgo
The slave revolt in Haiti
frightened creoles in
Spanish America. Although
they wanted power themselves,
most had no desire for
economic or social changes
that might threaten their
way of life. In 1810,
however, a creole priest in
Mexico,
(hee DAL goh),
raised his voice for freedom.
 FATHER HIDALGO CRIES OUT FOR FREEDOM:
MEXICO AND CENTRAL q

q September 15, 1810

AMERICA REVOLT q Rang the church bells and summoned
people to prayer
q “My children, will you be free?”
q el Grito de Dolores – the cry of
Dolores
q Called Mexicans to fight for
independence.
q Army of poor mestizos and Native
Father Miguel Hidalgo Americans marched to outskirts of
Mexico City.
q Less than 1 year – Hidalgo captured
and executed, his followers scattered.
 FATHER JOSÉ MORELOS CONTINUES THE
MEXICO AND CENTRAL q
FIGHT

AMERICA REVOLT q Mestizo

q Called for wide-ranging social and
political reform
q Desires:
q Improve conditions for majority of
Mexicans

Father José q Abolish slavery

Morelos q All men to vote
q Led the revolt until captured and
shot in 1815
 qSPAIN 1820
q King forced to issue a
constitution
q 1821 – Mexico was
independent
MEXICO AND CENTRAL q United Provinces of Central
America
AMERICA REVOLT q Fragmented into separate
republics of:
q Guatemala
q Nicaragua
q Honduras
q El Salvador
q Costa Rica
 q BOLÍVAR BEGINS THE FIGHT
REVOLUTION IGNITES
q Educated Creole
SOUTH AMERICA q Admired French and American
Revolutions
q Dreamed of winning own independence
from Spain.
q 1808 Napolean occupation in Spain
signal to act
SIMÓN BOLÍVAR q 1810 Bolivar’s uprising defeated
and civil war raged in Venezuela
q Bolivar forced to exile in Haiti
two times
q Then he made plan!!
REVOLUTION IGNITES q BOLÍVAR BEGINS THE FIGHT
March his army across the Andes and
SOUTH AMERICA
q
attach the Spanish at Bogota (the
capital of viceroyalty of New Granada
(Colombia today)
VENEZUELA
q Created an alliance with the llaneros
(Venezuelan cowboys)
q August 1819, took Bogata
q By 1821, succeeded in freeing Caracas,
Venezuela
COLOMBIA q Quito (1822)
q Called, “The Liberator”
q Moved into Ecuador, Peru, Colombia
and Bolivia (named after Simon
Bolivar)
ECUADOR
q Joined forces with Jose de San Marin
 q MOTIVES FOR REVOLUTION:
REVOLUTION IGNITES
q 300 years of living in South America
SOUTH AMERICA q Cultural oppression by the colonizers
q Spanish Cultural imposition
q Erasure of original cultures
q Anti-Spanish identity – Fight for
their Latin American identity

q United Latin America

JOSE de SAN q Bolivar’s ideal

MARTIN q EPIC FAIL!

q General Jose de San Martin
q Creole
q Chile, Lima, Buenos Aires
q ALL Latin America free - 1824
 q INDEPENDENCE – BUT….
q Social class structures remained
q Church is still powerful
q Patriarchy –
q Women’s rights not until early to mid
20th century
Private property and inequality
REVOLUTION IGNITES q
q Large rich/poor gap

SOUTH AMERICA q
q
Very small middle class / entrepreneurs
Poverty rampant partially due to
widespread government corruption
q Military as independent from
civilian government
q No philosophes tradition of the social
contract from Spain or Portugal
q Social contract authors mostly from
England and France
q Military dictatorships in South America
inevitable in the 20th century
 YOU NEED TO PRINT OUT THIS
PPT AND BRING TO FRIDAY’S
You will have an CLASS. YOU WILL HAVE AN
Edmodo OPEN PPT QUIZ ON EDMODO.

assignment in
YOU WILL ONLY BE ALLOWED TO
class on Friday. USE YOUR PRINTOUT OF THE PPT
FOR THE QUIZ!!