Present Simple of the verb to be

IS: He, She, It: things, places, animals

Are: You, We, They
Am: I
The negative isn’t= is not
Aren’t= are not
+ I’m Georgina
1. I’m not Georgina
? Am I Georgina?
No, I’m not
Yes, I am
+ He is 23 years old
2. He isn’t 23…
3. ? Is he 23 years old?
Yes, he is
No, he isn’t

Present Simple DO/DOES:

We use it for things that we do everyday,as a routine, always, usually, habits.

Do: I, you, we, they don’t

Does: he, she, it doesn’t

+ I go to school every morning

4. I don’t go to school….
? Do you go to school …?
Yes, I do
No, I don’t
 + She goes to school every morning
- She doesn’t go ….
? Does she go to ….

Present continuous:
we use it for things we are doing now or at the moment.
Verb to be + verb ing

I am watching TV now
She is watching TV now
He isn’t watching tv now
Is he watching TV now?
Yes, he is
No, he isn’t

Past simple of the verb to be: yesterday, last, ago, in 2010.

WAS: I, He, she, it wasn’t

Were: You, we, they weren’t
+ I was born in 1979
- I wasn’t born in 1980
? Were you born in 1979?
Yes, I was
No, I wasn’t
Was your boyfriend at home yesterday?
Yes, he was

Past Simple
DID. YESTERDAY, AGO, LAST, ETC
We indicate a specific time, we are clear when the action happened.

DID: I, you, we, they, he , she it

+ I played tennis yesterday
+ I went to the cinema last Saturday

5. - I DIDN’T play tennis ….

6. - I didn’t go to the cinema…..
7. ? Did you go to the cinema….?
Yes, I did
No, I didn’t
What did you do yesterday?
I went to work

Present perfect

Have/HAS + Past participle ( 3rd column)

Have: I, you, we, they
Has: he, she ,it

1 We use it to talk about an action that started in the past and

continues until now.
2 … when we don’t indicate an specific time: when the action happened
3… When an action has happened very recently , we use just
eg: I have just finished my homework.
4… When an action has happened and we can see the results now:
Eg. Look at my house!!! How clean it is!!! Here we can use two tenses
a) I have been cleaning it all day. (we use present perfect continuous
when use all day)
b) I have cleaned it. (present perfect)
5. We use it with yet, already, since, for

Present perfect Continuous

HAVE/HAS + BEEN+ VERB PAST PARTICIPLE

We use it to emphasize the duration of the action.

Eg I have been living in London for five years/ I have lived in London for
five years.
She has been working for this company for 10 years/ She has worked
for this company for 10 years.

Past Perfect

HAD + PAST PARTCIPLE

HAD: I, YOU,WE,THEY,HE,SHE,IT

We use it in narrative tenses, in a context.

It indicates the past of the past, when we are talking about two actions
in the past, we use the past perfect to indicate which action had
happened first.
Eg: Yesterday I was running late for work…. When I got to the station,
the train had already left…

Past continuous

WAS/WERE + Vb ING

1. We use it in narrative tenses, when we are describing the beginning

of a story…
2. … when two actions were happening at the same time in a particular
time in the past
eg: I was watching TV while my husband was cooking.
3. When an action is interrupted by another action
eg: I was having a shower when the telephone rang.

Future simple
Will+ verb infinitive
 We use it to refer to the future, when an action is not planned with a
date and time
We use it when we make an instant decision about the future.

A: Do you want to come to the cinema this evening?

B: Oh sure I’ll come
We use it to offer help:
I’ll help you with your homework.

Going to: Future planned

Verb to be+ going to+ infinitive

We use it for future plans
When we have a date and time, for flights, parties,etc
We use it to predict the weather, for predictions

For flights and arrangements we can use the Present Continuous

Passive voice
we use vb to be+past participle
 Examples

1. Present simple
I make a cake
A cake was made by…

2. Present continuous (use is/are being+past participle)

I am making a cake
A cake is being made by…

3. Past simple
I made a cake
A cake was made by…

4. Present perfect is already in passive voice

A cake has been made by…

5. Future
I will make a cake
A cake will be made

6. Obligation MUST
I must make a cake
A cake must be made
7. Past perfect is already in passive voice
A cake had been made
8. Past continuous use was/were being + past participle)
I was making a cake
A cake was being made

9. Going to( vb to be +going to be+ third column)

A cake is going to be made