LES MISERABLE

PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY

Les miserable a story of a man who wants became a criminal and imprisoned for more
than a year. Chances given to him to release him in prison. Challenges come again because the
people around judging him as an ex-convict until he met the parish priest to their town. An open
arm accepting him who really are, and show him a way to become God tearing. Jean Val jeans
find his way for giving of his sin by becoming civil servant helping the poor and the needy.
Javert who plays inspector who watched over the imprison jean Val jean and try to arrest him for
many times until he made to realize how changes comes to Jean Valjean. Fantine that plays the
unfortunate factory girl turn to prostitute to send more money to her daughter Cossette. And
Fantine die because of her ill and shock when jean Val jean confesses his through identity. Jean
Val jean adopted Cossette as he repays his death to her mother; he became a good father to
Cossette until she grew- up. Cossette met Marius a low student and for in love to each other but
Jean Val jean try to shatters their happiness. He worried that he will lose Cossette that’s why he
runs away to England with Cossette. Marius become heartbroken and decided to join to his
radical friends, who started political uprising. Fight for their freedom and democracy. When
battle’s begin, many live being sacrifice until Marius hit for the gun shot, Jean Valjean help
Marius to live, It is because Cossette she love’s Marius very much. That’s the only way to Jean
Valjean to find forgiveness to Fantine by giving the happiness of Cossette. Marius recovered his
life, asks for a marriage to Cossette until their married and lives a happy life. Jean Val jean dies
in peace because he fully receives the repentance and redeemed himself to become a better
person at the end.

Psychological criticism view work through the gas of psychology. They took either at the
psychological motivation of the character or of the authors themselves, although the former is
generally consider a more respectable approach.
 THE STATE OF WAR

THEORETICAL THEORY

First, the variety of arguments locating the cause of war in human nature. However,
human nature to war is not easily done and that political matters must be taken into account.
Considering the contributions of the behavioral sciences, “The more fully behavioral scientists
take account of politics, the more sensible and the more modest their efforts to contribute to
peace become.”

The second of analysis is the structure of states themselves. Some have argued that if the
state had a proper structure, then peace would result. For instance, liberal theorist of the 19 th
century who made that point. One problem: While trying to create more liberal states, what about
those illiberal ones who mat engage in conflict? What then? The structure of the state won’t
prevent self-defense. Indeed, some liberals, like Thomas Paine, wanted to use force to
democratize the world.

The final of analysis is the structure of the international system itself. The main point
here is that system can be term ”anarchy”. There is no central force to prevent outbreaks of
violence. So violence will occur interestingly. The chapter on the international anarchy with a
quotation from Cicero, States need to protect themselves when there is no mechanism to
maintain peace; they will act in their national interest when threatened. The end result is the
possibility of war whenever a country might be threatened, In waltz’ words “According to the
third image , there is a constant possibility of war in a world in which there are two or more
states each seeking to promote a set of interests and having no agency upon which they can rely
for protection”.

In short, all three levels must be understood. None is irrelevant. But the key to
understanding war is the state of international anarchy. The book holds up well over timer. It still
presents a useful message, albeit from the hard-nosed realist position. Neocons won’t like the
argument that changing the structure of states won’t. Make a lot of difference as long as there is
international anarchy. Anyhow, for those interested in a fairly hard-headed analysis, this book
serves a useful purpose.