Hydrometeorological

Hazards
A report of Group 3
 Objectives
 Identify what is Hydrometeorological Hazard
and determine its different types.

 Determine its effects, things to do during the

hazard and ways of prevention.

 Differentiate different types of

Hydrometeorological Hazards.
 What is
Hydrometeorological
Hazard?
Hydrometeorological hazard is a
"phenomenon" of atmospheric,
hydrological or oceanographic nature
that may cause severe impact on
human life.
Hydrometeorological
Hazards
There are 7 Hazards and it wil be discussed on the following slides
 01
Typhoon
is an extremely large and destructive storm
that occurs especially in the region of the
Philippines or the China Sea. It came from the
Cantonese term “big wind” and some says that
it was derived from the Taiwanese term “wind
sifter”.
Whereabouts:
Most typhoons form in a region in
the northwest Pacific known as
typhoon alley, where the planet's
most powerful tropical cyclones
most frequently develop

Time of year:
The peak of the typhoon season in
the Philippines usually occurs in
July through October, where nearly
70% of all typhoon develop.
Affected:
On average, the northwestern Pacific
features the most numerous and
intense tropical cyclones globally. The
Philippines receive the brunt of the
landfalls, with China and Japan being
less often impacted. However, some of
the deadliest typhoons in history have
struck China. Southern China has the
longest record of typhoon impacts for
the region, with a thousand-year
sample via documents within their
archives. Taiwan has received the
wettest known typhoon on record for
the northwest Pacific tropical cyclone
basins.
 02
Thunderstorm
It is a severe rainstorm where no rain or
heavy rainfall, lightning and thunder take
place.
 Whereabouts:
Thunderstorms develop in different ways
depending on the amount of moisture in the
air and the temperature of the air.
Geographical position is also important. As
electric charges accumulate within cumulus
clouds, which can lead to thunderstorms,
conditions are also created for thunder and
lightning to develop. Scientists monitor the
number of days thunder is heard, and the
number of days lightning strikes are seen, at
weather stations around the country to
determine which areas have more
thunderstorms than others.
Affected:
Thunderstorms can strike at any time and in
any place. It is more common in the spring
and summer, and often in the evening. The
Philippines is a disaster-prone spot in the
Asian continent, which calls for proactive
response vital in disaster mitigation and
adaptation.

Time of year:
During April through September.
 03
Flash floods
Flash floods are a sudden and destructive rush
of water down a narrow gully or over a sloping
surface caused by heavy rainfall.
Whereabouts:
A flash flood occurs when water
overflows on or inundates land that is
normally dry. Rivers can overflow their
banks to cause flooding, and sea waters
can be pushed towards land by massive
winds, which then causes flooding.
Rainfalls over an extended period can
cause major rivers to overflow their
banks. Rivers can overflow their banks,
causing flooding during heavy rains,
severe storms and dam breaks. Huge
amounts of water flowing in rivers are due
to incessant heavy rains and melting of
snow, resulting in severe flooding.
Affected:
People who are mostly affected in flash
floods are people who live near river banks
and coastlines. Sometimes, flash flood can
also affect the people who live in urban
areas because of the heavy rainfall. During
floods, especially flash flooding, houses,
offices, hospitals, transportation, roads,
bridges, water tanks are destroyed. People
become homeless.

Time of year:
Flash flood normally happens during the
monsoon season. The monsoon commonly
occurs from October to late March in the
Philippines, although occurrence may vary
every year.
 04
Flood
Flood is an overflow of water that submerges
land that is usually dry. Flood is also the most
common widespread natural hazard.
Whereabouts:
Flood can either be severe or moderate in
nature depending on various factors
faced. For example: Heavy rains with
strong winds starting in sloppy areas
could cause a flash flood. When heavy
rain strike above rivers together with
thunderstorms could cause river flooding.
When heavy rain landed near coasts it
could result several hazards such as
coastal flooding, tsunami and storm
surge. Meanwhile, most of the flooding
occurrences in land masses far from any
water basins are usually caused by
manmade damages even in a moderate
rainfall.
Affected:
Flooding just like any other hazard can
affect the human life including their
livelihood, households, and their
surroundings without concern, but unlike
other hazards flooding is one of the most
common occurrences in the Philippines
since the country is surrounded and is
blessed with multiple bodies of water.
Flooding occurs especially in rainy
season or when La Nina started.

Time of year:
August to early January
 05
Storm Surge
It is a rise in sea level that occurs during
tropical cyclones, intense storms also known
as typhoons or hurricanes
Whereabouts:
The surge is caused primarily by a
storm’s winds pushing water
onshore. The amplitude of the
storm surge at any given location
depends on the orientation of the
coast line with the storm track; the
intensity, size, and speed of the
storm; and the local bathymetry.
The storm produce during a storm
surge, can lead to flooding which
makes it very dangerous for
coastal regions.
Affected:
In the Philippines storm surges mostly
occurs during a typhoon, for example is
the storm surge during typhoon Yolanda
on Leyte. This affected 14 million citizens
in 44 provinces. 1.1 million houses and 33
million coconut tree livelihoods were
destroyed, garnering a total of estimated
90% of Tacloban City was erased. All this
due to a category 5 typhoon with a wind
speed more than 150mph.

Time of year:
During the peek of typhoon season – July
to October crossing the Philippines
typhoon regions for about 8 to 9 times
per year.
 06
El Niño
El Niño is caused by the warming of sea surface
temperature in the Pacific and can affect air
and sea currents. This phenomenon resulted in
reduced rainfall that led to dry spells, droughts
and stronger typhoons.
Whereabouts:
El Nino occurs before La Nina and
in contrast El Nino causes
extreme continuous drought after
few rains. El Nino condition takes
place when surface water in the
equatorial Pacific becomes
warmer than average and east
winds blow weaker than normal.
The opposite condition is called La
Niña. During this phase of ENSO,
the water is cooler than normal
and the east winds are stronger.
Affected:
Opposing La Nina, El Nino was to be treated
negatively due to the continuous drought
that is being experienced for months or even
a whole year. In the Philippines the longest El
Nino occurrence lasted for 18 months (1 year
6 months) last 2015 that affected more than
40% of the country; damaging its agricultural
aspects and livelihood (farmland, crops and
crop providers) due to extreme water
shortage.
Time of year:
El Niño’s typically occurs every 3 to 5 years
and lasts for 9-12 months that usually
begins from the start of summer (March-
June) and ends on the same season. Before
having a high probability of causing La Nina
afterwards.
 07
La Niña
La Niña (“little girls” in Spanish) is a weather
phenomenon that is a counter part of El Nino,
which is characterized by unusually cold ocean
temperature in the Equatorial Pacific which
causes increased numbers of tropical storms in
the Pacific Ocean.
Whereabouts:
In some parts of the world, La Niña
causes increased rainfall, while in other
regions, it causes extreme dry
conditions. In the case of Philippines,
La Nina causes increased rainfall,
catastrophic floods and severe
tropical storms and hurricanes. La Nina
occurs when El Nino ends - when the
easterly trade winds get stronger and
blow more warm water west, allowing
cold water below the sea’s surface to
push towards the top, the Pacific
Northwest becomes wetter than
normal, and the Northeast experiences
very cold conditions.
Affected:
La Nina’s effects are not usually dragged into
the negative preview since on some places La
Nina only bring increased rainfall that helps the
crops grow more right after the prolonged El
Nino. Meanwhile, on most cases La Nina in
opposite of El Nino that gives drought La Nina
produces flood, storms and hurricanes that
mostly affects those who lives on lower regions,
bellow mountains areas and slopes that
damages people’s houses and livelihood of no
choice. For example: Yolanda.

Time of year:
La Niña sometimes follows El Niño but not
always. Although they occur at
asymmetrical intervals of approximately 2-7
years and would last for 9-12 months, La
Niña events, like El Niño events, will vary year
to year and with each event.
 Effects
of the Hazards
 Health Effects

01 02
Disease related to Disease brought by
contaminated water due to mosquitoes, such as dengue
flooding, such as acute and malaria.
gastroenteritis, typhoid fever,
cholera and hepatitis A.

03
Disease related to wading in
floodwaters contaminated with
urine of infected animals, such
as leptospirosis.
04
Accidents and injuries such
as contusions, lacerations,
fractures, electrocution.
Prevention
. Boil your drinking water (Upon reaching boiling
point, extend boiling for two or more minutes)
or

.
.
Do water chlorination

Wash hands before preparing food and after

using the toilet.

. Clean-up all possible mosquito breeding sites,

such as vases, empty coconut shells, old tires

.
and tin cans.

Avoid wading in floodwater. If you must, wear

rubber boots.
 Floods versus Flash Floods
Caused by overflow of pre-existent
Caused by excessive rainfall in a
water into dry land or ponding of
01 after rain
water 02 short amount of time
Disease related to Disease brought by
contaminated water due to mosquitoes, such as dengue
Characterized as “rising
flooding, such water”
as acute Characterized
and malaria. as “raging torrents”
gastroenteritis, typhoid fever,
cholera and hepatitis A.
Can occur within minutes of few
Can occur for weeks without stop
03 04 after heavy rain (usually 6
hours
hours)
Disease related to wading in Accidents and injuries such
Occurs in a slow and steady
floodwaters pace
contaminated with as contusions, lacerations,
urine of infected animals, such Occurs
fractures, in a rapid
electrocution. pace
as leptospirosis.
Casualties are lesser and easier Casualties are greater and
to tackle harder to tackle
 What to do in case of Flood?

Stay inside a house or Avoid wading and

building during heavy taking baths in
rains. floodwaters.

When a flood advisory is Avoid crossing low-lying

issued, residents in low areas and bridges during
lying areas should seek evacuation.
for higher grounds.
 Identification

1. It is called a “phenomenon” of atmospheric

nature.
2. It is called “raging torrents”.
3. It is the overflow of water – could be done natural
or manmade.
4. A mixture of thunder and rainstorm.
5. A phenomenon that causes dry spells.
 Identification

1. It is called a “phenomenon” of atmospheric

nature. (Hydrometeorological Hazard)
2. It is called “raging torrents”. (Flash Flood)
3. It is the overflow of water – could be done natural
or manmade. (Flood)
4. A mixture of thunder and rainstorm.
(Thunderstorm)
5. A phenomenon that causes dry spells. (El Nino)
 WHAT TO DO BEFORE,
DURING AND AFTER THESE
HAZARDS??
 BEFORE
 Have survival kits and emergency packs prepared together with your
important documents and belongings.

 Store food and clean water that is enough for 2-5 days in sealable packs
and in high and cold places to prevent spoilage and being caught on
flood water in case.

 Prepare for blackouts by storing batteries, candles, flashlights and

matches.

 Listen to news on TV or battery powered radio for updates.

 When your house is located on flood prone areas listen to weather

updates and exercise evacuation plan.

DURING
Stay indoors and listen to the news and weather updates and warnings.

 Disconnect appliances. When flood entered the house don’t stay near
sockets of electricity and other appliances.

 If needed to evacuate DO NOT PANIC and STAY CALM. If still possible

close your windows, turn-off the main electrical switch get your survival
kit that you prepared before the crisis, lock your doors and gates and
head to higher grounds.

 DO NOT insist to stay at your houses during severe typhoons in fear of

thieves and the likes – ALWAYS REMEMBER THAT YOUR LIFE IS MORE
IMPORTANT!

 Avoid flood water. Keep the children and the elderly away from it –
evacuate them as early as possible.
 AFTER
 Return home when the authorities deemed that the area you are living in
is safe.

 Check your surroundings for damaged infrastructures that might harm

you on the way especially electrical wirings and posts.

 When back at home make sure to keep all the water out first and empty
the water basins that are left to avoid wrigglers from multiplying and DO
NOT put on your electrical switch without making sure that everything is
dry and safe.

 Also check your belongings and family members.

Is it flood or flash
flood?
Caused by an over flow.
Flood
Can occur within 6 hours
Flash flood
Characterized as “rising waters”
Flood
Casualties are far greater and
harder to tackle.
Flash flood
 Can cause various hazards
depending on factors affecting it.
Flood
 SOLVING
HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL
HAZARDS
Heavy Rains + Strong Wind +
Sloppy Areas
Flash flood
River Flooding + Heavy Rains above
the River bed
Thunderstorm
Rain + Dry Basin + Clogging
Flood
Increase in temperature + Air
and Sea Current
El Niño
Decrease in temperature +
Equatorial Pacific
La Niña
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