Title:

BUBBLY: Construction of widespread deployable cooling tubes integrated on

marine vessels with Compressed Air Pumps in Stabilizing Hydrothermal
Imbalance
______________________________________________________________________________
Summary:

Typhoon Yolanda struck the Philippines and was the deadliest typhoon
in the country’s history. Over six thousand people lost their lives and over 1
million people’s homes were damaged, displacing over 600,000 people. The
Philippines is becoming more vulnerable to stronger cyclones with its rapidly
growing population. The World Meteorological Organization states that weather
related disasters increased by a factor of five in the last 50 years, driven by
climate change.

One all-encompassing strategy has been proposed for dealing with the
rapidly increasing strength of typhoons: BUBBLY. Globally speaking, the
strength of typhoons is rising. A 10% increase in the strength of the typhoons of
the NWP since 1970 is noticed due to increased Sea Surface Temperature.

BUBBLY is designed with an innovative model of a widespread deployable

cooling tube which pumps compressed air bubbles in order to cool down nearby
water which in turn robs the accumulating typhoon of its energy source.
Consequently, this prevents the hurricane from reaching landfall or at the very
least prevents the possibility of the accumulating typhoon to develop into
stronger magnitudes.

This study will then be in favor of Filipinos, residing in a country located

in the Pacific typhoon belt. This includes the mass coastal populations, which
account for 45 percent of the Philippines’ urban population.
Background of the Problem:

Colbert (2022) indicated that global climate models suggest that as a

result of global warming, storms would likely produce more intense rainfall
and pose a greater risk of coastal flooding due to higher storm surge brought
on by rising seas. Additionally, the frequency of storms may decline or stay the
same globally, but the intensity of newly formed hurricanes is more likely to
increase.

With regards to this, the following Sustainable Development Goals of the

United Nations adopted during the year 2015 will be centered:

1.No Poverty

2.Zero Hunger

3.Good Health and Well Being

6.Clean Water and Sanitation

 13.Climate Action

15.Life on Land

As for the involved Republic acts, the following are involved in the
development, and instigation of ideal circulation alongside the establishment of
infrastructures that provide a means for addressing the eradication and
mitigation of Typhoons and its effects to the community:
1. Republic Act 6613 Adoption of Modern Scientific Methods on Typhoon
Moderation
2. Republic Act 10692 PAGASA Modernization Act
3. Republic Act 10639 The Free Mobile Disaster Alerts Act
4. Republic Act 3467 Typhoon Relief, Repair and Rehabilitation

Thus, an innovative model of a widespread deployable cooling tube which

pumps compressed air bubbles in order to cool down nearby water which in
turn robs the accumulating typhoon of its energy source. Consequently, this
prevents the hurricane from reaching landfall or at the very least prevents the
possibility of the accumulating typhoon to develop into stronger magnitudes.

Furthermore, Oceantherm’s concept included in an article by Spata

(2020) states that hurricane strength and damage could be considerably
reduced by utilizing colder water from deeper in the water column to lower
temperatures in the upper ocean heat layer.

Proposed Solution to the Problem:

The significance of this research study encompasses the installation of a

bubble path passing through deployable large pipes integrated on heavy sea
vessels as a means for mitigating and possibly preventing the development of a
typhoon that will cause devastating damage when it reaches downfall. The
following procedures are proposed in order to attain the aforementioned:
construction of large pipes and nets, attachment of said tubes to marine
vessels,
and the pumping of compressed air underwater from the tanks located in the
vessels to the pipes in order to create rising air bubbles. The involved
authorities are being provided a means of tending to the rising intensity on
typhoons seen as the Philippines is located within the typhoon belt, an efficient
and feasible method that will overall benefit the citizens in terms of disaster
and risk reduction and mitigation, maintenance of crop yield, and reducing the
effects of hurricanes particularly destruction of houses, physical accidents,
deaths, property, crop, and economical damages.

According to Jayne (2023), the main cause of tropical cyclones is heating

transfer from the ocean to the atmosphere. When viewed as a heat engine, a
typhoon draws heat from the warm ocean surface and releases it into the upper
atmosphere, where any leftover energy is sent into space and carried to higher
latitudes. Torricelli’s discovery of atmospheric pressure in 1643 states that the
center of a low-pressure system has lower pressure than the surroundings.
When winds blow in the direction of a low-pressure area, the air where they
meet rises in the atmosphere. The water vapor in the air condenses as it rises,
creating clouds and frequently precipitation. While in a high-pressure system,
the core experiences higher pressure than the surrounding regions. From areas
of high pressure, winds blow.

An imbalance in temperature creates pressure as humid air rushes in its

corresponding direction. In addition, based on the findings of Watershed
Academy from the United States Environmental Protection Agency, an increase
in the air temperature will cause water temperatures to increase as well.
Furthermore, because of the inverse relationship between dissolved oxygen and
temperature, there are lower levels of dissolved oxygen. The amount of dissolved
oxygen decreases as the water temperature rises. Therefore, pumping
compressed air through the submerged pipes will cause the amount of
dissolved oxygen present within the designated area to increase, thus causing
the water temperature to decrease. In turn, this dissipates the fuel of
accumulating typhoons since there won’t be an imbalance in temperature and
pressure preventing further possible catastrophic damages.

Beneficiaries:
Vulnerable Shoreline and Low-Land Communities
 Residential homes on shorelines and low-land communities are subject
to further and increased risks due to heavier and more typhoons entering the
Philippine Archipelago. This study aims to benefit communities near shorelines
who are more exposed to water surges and flooding.
Communities affected by flood and other various aftereffects of water
surge and high tides are most vulnerable considering the current increasing
volume of typhoons entering the Philippine Area of Responsibility.
Communities living in precarious conditions such as low-land communities will
gain an advantage on recurring problems by halting an upcoming typhoon by
reducing its strength or completely eliminating it with BUBBLY.
Climate change is expected to lead to more intense typhoons, higher sea
levels, and storm surges. Storm surges are projected to affect about 14 percent
of the total population and 42 percent of coastal populations. Informal
settlements, which account for 45 percent of the Philippines’ urban population,
are particularly vulnerable to floods due to less secure infrastructure, reduced
access to clean water, and lack of health insurance.
Fisherfolk
The study benefits fishermen as well. Coral reefs, which are spawning and
feeding areas for numerous fish species that support the livelihoods of
fishermen, are impacted by ocean warming and acidification.
Strong typhoons also keep fishermen from traveling out to sea to catch
fish, which is how they make their living.
Farmers
Climate-related impacts, most especially typhoons, are expected to reduce
agricultural productivity in the Philippines. Typhoons result in large floods that
reduce the impact area’s total vegetative cover. As example, On November 8,
2013, Typhoon Haiyan (also known as Yolanda locally) tore across the Central
Philippines. 14.1 million people were impacted by the storm, which also
destroyed 600 000 hectares of crops and cost the agriculture industry more
than USD 700 million.
Reducing the strength or even annihilating the typhoon can be a great
help to the farmers to prevent their crops from being destroyed by typhoons
and its floods
Methodology:
One all-encompassing strategy has been proposed for dealing with the
rapidly increasing strength of typhoons: BUBBLY. Globally speaking, the
strength of typhoons is rising (Emanuel, 2005; Webster et al., 2005; Knutson et
al., 2008). A 10% increase in the strength of the typhoons of the NWP since
1970 is noticed due to increased Sea Surface Temperature (SST) (Mei et al.,
2015). BUBBLY will be built by a deployable bubble path and a cooling system.
Construction of widespread deployable cooling tubes integrated on
marine vessels with Compressed Air Pumps in Stabilizing Hydrothermal
Imbalance, must be created in accordance with particular guidelines in order
to be effective. There are five key parts that make up ISODAM: (1) Gathering
the needed materials; (2) Construction of the deployable bubble path; and (3)
Adding a cooling system.
(1) Gathering the needed materials;
The following table shows the list of the materials needed for the
construction of BUBBLY: Construction of widespread deployable cooling tubes
integrated on marine vessels with Compressed Air Pumps in Stabilizing
Hydrothermal Imbalance
Table 1. Materials and its Costing for A deployable path
Item Model Costing

Rust free Price may vary

Steel Rods

Beams Rust free Price may vary

Pipe Glass Pipe; Inlet and Outlet Php 100.00 per meter

Air Tank Air Tank Php. 3000.00 per

piece
Air Air Compressor Php. 5000.00 per unit
Compressor
Air Collector Air Collector Php. 1000 per unit

300W,220V, Generator Php 3000.00 per piece

Generator
 Transformer 300W,220V, Generator Php 5000.00 per piece
Transformer

Table 2. Materials and its Costing for the additional cooling system
Item Model Costing

Pipe Inlet and Outlet Php 100.00

per piece

Commercialized CW25000 Industrial Php.

Cooling System Equipment for cooling water 35000.00
per unit

Generator 300W,220V, Generator Php 3000.00

per piece

Transformer 300W,220V, Generator Php 5000.00

Transformer per piece

(2) Construction of the deployable bubble path;

Warm surface waters provide hurricanes with their energy, which also
adds moisture to the atmosphere. Moisture increases as surface water gets
hotter. A veteran submariner named Hollingsaeter claims that the upward
movement of bubbles would force cooler water to the ocean's surface,
theoretically depriving the hurricane of its energy. The hurricanes won't be able
to grow as strong, claims Hollingster, if we can prevent the ocean from
becoming so hot. When they enter the chilly water, they all vanish.

In that case, a bubble path is proposed. The bubble path will be

constructed by large pipes with holes in them to let air out from the depths of
the ocean approximately 500 feet below sea level. As for the air that will come
through the holes will be connected to the pipes of the air tank storage that has
compressed air.

The model is shown below.

 Figure 1. Model structure of the Bubble Path
(3) Adding a cooling system;
When dealing with ocean temperatures, it's crucial to understand that the
temperature of the water often drops as you go deeper (The Temperature in the
Mariana Trench, 2020). Oceans like the Pacific Ocean have relatively warm
surface waters that go down to a depth of 500 to 1,000 feet. The thermocline is
a layer that forms when the temperature rapidly dips below the surface waters.
The thermocline is between 1,000 and 3,000 feet thick on average. Water
cools much more slowly below this threshold. The temperature of the water
varies between 34- and 39-degrees Fahrenheit (1-4 degrees Celsius) at places
like the Mariana Trench (or the Marianas Trench; both spellings are frequently
used) (The Temperature in the Mariana Trench, 2020).

Figure 2. Thermocline
In this case, the water temperature of the bubble path that will go up will
be cold already. However, the researchers plan to add an additional cooling
system to prevent cold water that will go up, rise its temperature.
The cooling system is also connected to a pipe which is connected to the
bubble path maker to make sure that the water will stay cool when it goes up. A
commercialized cooling system will be implemented.

Figure 3. Cooling system (image: froztec)

References
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