Lecture 5

Connection between Stringer and

Cross girder
Simple Connection Between stringer and X.G.
 Simple Connection Between stringer and X.G.

n2
n1
Stringer n2
n1

4L 100 or 110 4L 100 or 110

Stringer

X.G.
X.G.

X.G.

4L 100 or 110 Str.

n1
 Design of Simple Connection Between str. and X.G.

General Notes:
1. In connection of bridge, carrying running train, High strength bolts (HSB) friction type
are used.
2. Use HSB-M24 grade 10.9, which has permissible friction load per one friction surface
(Ps) = 5.55 t
3. For design of simple connection, find the number of bolts n1 and n2
Example:
Design and draw connection between stringer and X.G. knowing that stringers are
simply connected to X.G.
MD+L+I for stringer = 22 t.m, and QD+L+I for stringer = 34.34 t. Knowing that stringer
(IPE 450) and cross girder (built up section).
For X.G h = 126 cm, b = 40 cm, tw = 1.2 cm, tf = 3 cm Dimensions
and for IPE 400 h = 45 cm, b = 19 cm, tw = 0.94 cm, tf = 1.46 cm for
drawing
For bolted connection n1 (Double shear)
n1 = acting force /allowable force per bolt = QD+L+I str/2Ps = 34.34/2*5.55 = 3.1 ≈ 4
bolts
For bolted connection n2 (Single shear)
n2 = acting force /allowable force per bolt = QD+L+I str/Ps = 34.34/5.55 = 6.2 ≈ 8 bolts (4
in each side)
Continuous Connection Between stringer and X.G.

Two addition bolts

 Continuous Connection Between stringer and X.G.
n3 n3
Pitch of bolts Two addition bolts Upper PL

n2
n1
Stringer n2
n1

n4 4L 100 or 110 4L 100 or 110

n4 Stringer
A
A
X.G. Lower PL
X.G.

Upper PL X.G.
Upper PL X.G.
n3
n3 Str.
15 Str.

10 cm

Plan Section A-A

 Design of continuous Connection Between Str. and X.G.

Example:
Re-design and draw the previous connection between stringer and X.G. knowing
that stringers are continuous over X.G. and that the continuous stringer has (Mo)
MD+L+I and (Qo) QD+L+I equals 20 t.m and 30 t respectively.

For bolted connection n1 (Double shear)

n1 = acting force /allowable force per bolt = 1.2QD+L+I str/2Ps = 36/2*5.55 = 3.24 ≈ 4 bolts.

For bolted connection n2 (Single shear)

n2 = acting force /allowable force per bolt = 1.2QD+L+I str/Ps = 36/5.55 = 6.5 ≈ 8 bolts (4 in
each side).

For bolted connection n3 & n4 (Single shear)

n3 = n4 = acting force /allowable force per bolt = (0.75 MD+L+I str/hstr )/Ps=
(0.75*20/45)/5.55 = 6.1 ≈ 8 bolts (4 in two raw).
 Design of Stringer Bracing
Two panels Three panels

α α

3:3.6 m 4.5:5.4 m
Design of Stringer Bracing (cont.)
Member Design force for 2 Design force for 3 Section
panel panel
± 10t , addition ± 10t , addition C 220 or
Vertical C240
moment moment
2L 80x8
Diagonal ± 5t/cosα ± 6.67t/cosα L 120 x12
L130 x 12

e = 0.1 hstr + 8 cm+ 1cm +0.5 hchanel

General Notes on Stringer Bracing
1. All members design as compression members.

2. Stringer bracing carry lateral shock (10 t)

3. No more than one force 10 t single or double track

4. No dynamic or fatigue effect considered

5. Allowable stresses for bracing members = 0.85 Fall from table

 Design steps for compression members
1. specify the buckling length Lx and Ly
2. Calculate x = Lx/ ix ≤ 140 and y = Ly/ iy ≤ 140 for 2L (b. to b.)
Or, max = Lmax/ iv ≤ 140 for one angle L
3. Find max

0.85 (1.6 – 0.000085 max2) if max< 100

4. Fall =
0.85 (7500/max2 ) if max>100

5. Fact = -(force)/Atotal

Note: for design of one angle L (compression) allowable stress

must be reduced by 40%
 Example
Design a diagonal member of the stringer bracing S= 3.5 m, use 2L 80*8 (ix = 2.4, area
= 12.3 cm2
Solution:
1. specify the buckling length Lx and Ly

Lx = Ly = (1.8)2 +(1.75)2 = 2.51 𝑚

251
2. Calculate x = Lx/ ix = Lx/ 0.3 a = 0.3∗8 = 𝟏𝟎𝟒. 𝟔 ≤ 140 max>100
251
and y = Lx/ iy = Lx/ 0.45 a = 0.45∗8 = note that y < x

for max>100
4. Fall = 0.85 (7500/max2 ) = 0.85 (7500/(104.6)2 ) =0.58 t/cm2
5/(1.8/2.51 )
5. Fact = -(force)/Atotal = -5/(cos α )/Atotal = 2∗12.3 = 0.28 t/cm2
Details of Stringer Bracing

220

100x10
Details of Stringer Bracing

220

100x10
Details of Stringer Bracing
 Details of Stringer Bracing
Framing angle
L 100 x10
Stringer

L80 x 8
L100 x10

C220

Cross
girder

L120 x10

G. PL

L80 x 8
Stringer

10 cm
Details of Stringer Bracing
Upper Plate
P = 8:14 cm

L80 x 8
C 220 or 240
Stringer

L 100 x10

Lower plate

Elevation