Example 7

Solution:

Let Car B overtake car A at a point X meters from the origin.

Note: Initial velocity of both A & B is zero since at a starting line.

Let time spent by B to reach point X be t seconds.

Let time spent by A to reach point X be (t + 1) seconds.

(Note Car A had spent 1 sec before Car B started)

Note When = time

Where = distance

Motion of Car A:

Distance travelled = X meters

Time spent = (t + 1) sec

Acceleration = 4m/s²

Initial velocity = 0m/s

Recall:

X - Xo = Vot + ½at²

X = 0(t+1) + ½x4 (t+1)²

X = 2(t + 1)²

= 2(t² + 2t + 1)

X = 2t² + 4t + 2 ..........i
Motion of Car B :

Distance travelled = x meters

Time spent = t sec

Acceleration = 5m/s²

Initial velocity = 0m/s

Recall;

X - Xo = Vot + ½at²

X = 0xt + ½ x 5t²

X = 2.5t² ..............ii

Equating I and ii

2.5t² = 2t² + 4t + 2

2.5t² - 2t² - 4t - 2 = 0

0.5t² - 4t - 2 = 0

Solving quadratically

t = 8.47 and - 0.47

Time = 8.47 secs

Put t = 8.47 into eqn (I)

X = 2.5t² .........ii

X = 2.5(8.47)²
X = 179.35

X = 179.35 meters

Time spent by Car B to reach point x = 8.47sec

VoB = 0m/s

aB = 5m/s²

VoB = Velocity of B at the time of passing = ?

Recall: V1B = VoB + aBt

V1B = 0 + 5 x 8.47

= 42.35m/s

Time spent by Car A to reach point X = t + 1 = 8.47 + 1

= 9.47sec

VoA = 0m/s

aA = 4m/s²

V1A = velociy of A at the time of passing = ?

Recall:

V1A = VoA + aAt

V1A = 0 + 4 x 9.47

= 37.88m/s

V1A = 37.88m/s
Example 8

Note Runner B had started running before runner A entered the zone.

Let the time spent by B before A entered the zone be tr .

Runner A:

VoA = 12.9m/s

X = 20m

t = 1.82 secs

What this means that runner A travelled a distance of 20m in 1.823sec

Recall: Xa - Xoa = VoAt + ½at²

Note we us the eqn because the final velocity of runner is unknown.

20 = 12.9 x 1.82 + ½ a (1.82)²

20 = 23.478 + 1.6562aA

- 3.478 = 1.6562aA

aA = -2.10

aA = - 2.10m/s²

Recall: V1A = VoA + aAt

V1A = 12.9 + (-2.10 x 1.82)

V1A = 12.9 - 3.822

V1A = 9.078m/s
V1A is the final velocity of A (i.e. velocity at which A leaves the zone). And since they both leave the zone
with the same velociy,

This V1B = 9.08m/s

Runner B

V1B = 9.08m/s

VoB = 0m/s

X1B - XoB = 20m

aB = ?

Recall;

V1B² = VoB² + 2aB(X1B - XoB)

9.08² = 0² + 2 x aB x 20

aB = 9.08²/2 x 20 = 2.06

aB = 2.06m/s²

Note: As stated earlier in this solution, runner B had spent tr seconds running before runner A entered ,
A spent 1.82 sec running.

Thus, total time spent by B = (tr + 1.82) seconds

Recall; V1B = VoB + aBtB

9.08 = 0 + 2.06tB

tB = 9.08/2.06 = 4.41

tB = 4.41 seconds

But tB = tr + 1.82

Thus,

tr + 1.82 = 4.41
tr = 4.41 - 1.82

tr = 2.59sec

Runner B should start running 2.59 seconds before runner A enters the zone.

Example 9

From the diagram above;

Let the two cars pass each other at a point X meters from point P (i.e. at a point)

(1000 - x) meters from point Q

Also time spent by A in travelling x meters = time spent by B in travelling (1000-x)m = t

Car A:

At t = 0sec,

VA = 108km/hr

What this means is that

VAO = 108km/hr = 30m/s

XA1 - XAo = 1000m

tA = 40secs

Note A covers 1000m in 40secs

VA is unknown

Recall; XA1 - XAo = VAotA + ½aAt²

1000 = 30 x 40 + ½ aA x 40²

1000 = 1200 + 800aA

1000 - 1200 = 800aA

- 200 = 800aA
aA = -200/800

aA = - 0.25m/s²

Car B

At t = 0 sec

VB = 63km/hr

What this means is that VBO = 63km/hr = 17.5m/s

XB1 - XBo = 1000m

tB = 42secs

Note: B covers 1000m in 42 sec

Recall; XB1 - XBo = VBOtB + ½aBt²B

1000 = 17.5 x 42 + ½ aB x 42²

1000 = 735 + 882aB

aB = (1000 - 735)/882

aB = 0.30m/s²

Note from our initial statement:

A travelled x meters in t sec

B travelled (1000 - x) is in t seconds

Car A :

VAO = 30m/s, XA = x

tA = t & aA = - 0.25

Recall: XA = VoAtA + ½aAt²A

X = 30t + ½(-0.25t²)

X = 30t - 0.125t² ............ i

Car B:

VBO = 17.5 m/s , XB = (1000 - x)

tB = t. & aB = 0.3m/s²

Recall;

XB = VBOtB + ½aBt²

1000 - X = 17.5t + ½ x 0.3t²

1000 - x = 17.5t + 0.15t² ...........ii

Put ( i)into (ii)

1000 - (30t - 0.125t²) = 17.5t + 0.15t²

0.15t² - 0.125t² + 17.5t + 30t - 1000 = 0

0.025t² + 47.5t -100 = 0

Solving quadratically

t = 20.82 sec

t = -1920.82

.t = 20.82sec

Car B

Time spent by B at the time of passing = 20.82sec

VBO = 17.5m/s

aB = 0.30m/s²

Recall;

VB1 = VBO + aBtB

VB1 = 17.5 + 0.30 x 20.82

VB1 = 17.5 + 6.246

VB1 = 23.746

VB1 = 23.75m/s

Example 10.

Let's illustrate the motion as follows;

(Diagram)

Let |AB| be distance travelled (accelerated) by the runner in 5.4 secs

Let |BC| be the distance travelled at a constant velocity

Let VA = initial velocity of the runner before accelerating (i.e. before covering a distance of 35m)

VB = final velocity of the runner after covering a distance of 35m = constant velocity of the runner as it
covered the 100m part.

From A to B

t = 5.4sec

V1 = VB

X = 35m

a=?

Vo = VA

Recall: X - Xo = Vot + ½at²

35 = VA x 5.4 + ½a x 5.42

35 = 5.4VA + 14.58a

5.4VA + 14.58a = 35 .............i

Recall, also,

V1² = Vo² + 2a(X1 - Xo)

substituting again

VB² = VA² + 2a x 25

VB² = VA² + 70a

VB = .......... ............ii

Recall also,

V1 = Vo + at

Substituting again

VB = VA + 5.4a ............iii

Equating eqn ii and iii

........ = vA + 5.4a

Square both sides

VA + 70a = (VA + 5.4a)²

VA + 70a = VA² + 10.8aVa + 29.16a²

70a = 10.8aVA + 29.16a²

Dividing both sides by a

70a/a = ................

70 = 10.8VA + 29.16a

10.8VA + 29.16a = 70

Divide both sides by 2

..........

5.4VA + 14.58a = 35 ..........iv

Observe that eqn(i) equals eqn(iv), so they can't be solved simultaneously.

So what do we do?

It's known that runners usually start from zero initial velocity. So initial velocity is assume to be zero.

Thus, VA = 0m/s

From either eqn(i) or eqn(iv)

5.4VA + 14.58a = 35

Put VA = 0m/s

5.4 x 0 + 14.58a = 35

0 + 14.58a = 35

a = 35/14.58

a = 2.40m/s²

•: a = 2.40m/s²

From eqn (iii)

VB = VA + 5.4a

Substituting for VA and a

VB = 0 + 5.4x 2.4

VB = 12.96m/s

Q. 1.14 Example 11

Car A:

Car A started from rest and accelerated uniformly to 90km/h in 8 secs.

Thus,

VAO = 0m/s
VAI = 90km/h = 25m/s

tA = 8sec

Recall,

VAI = VAO + aAtA

25 = 0 + 8aA

aA = 3.125m/s²

Distance travelled by A after 8 seconds

VAI² = VAO² + 2a(X1 - Xo)

25² = 0² + 2 x 3.125 x (X1 - Xo)

625 = 6.25(X1 - Xo)

X1 - Xo = 625/6.25 = 100m

X1 - Xo = 100m

Note:

Time frame between when B passes A and when A passes B back is 42 seconds

Time spent by A on constant acceleration = 8 sec

Time A waited before taking off = 18 secs

Time spent by A on constant velocity (i.e. when a = 0m/s²) = 42-8 - 18 = 16sec

Distance covered by A on constant velocity:

X = VAIt

X = 25 x 16 = 400m

Total distance travelled by A = 100 + 400 = 500

Distance = 500m

Car B

Now, we know that B travelled a distance of 500m in 42secs

Since Velocity of B is constant throughout the motion,

We use,

XB1 - XBO = VBOt

XB = VBOt

500 = 42VBO

VBO = 500/42

VBO = 11.90

VBO = VBI = 11.90m/s

Q 1.15 Example 12

Bwtwey A & B

Let VA = initial velocity = 0m/s

VB = final vel = ?

aAB = 4.8m/s²

XAB = 3m

tAB = ?

Recall,

VB² = VA² + 2aAB XAB

VB² = 0² + 2 x 4.8 x 3

VB² = 28.7

VB = .........

VB = 5.37m/s

Recall also,
VB = VA + aABtAB

5.37 = 0 + 4.8tAB

tAB = 5.37/4.8

tAB = 1.12secs

Between B & C

VB = VC (Since constant velocity) = 5.37m/s

aBC = 0m/s²

XBC = 3m

Recall, XB1 - XBO = VBOtBC

XB = VBtBC

3 = 5.37tBC

tBC = 3/5.37

tBC = 0.56sec

Between C & D

VC = initial velocity = 5.37m/s

VD = final velocity = 7.2m/s

aCD = 4.8 m/s²

XCD = d meters

tCD = ?

Recall,

V1 = Vo + at

VD = VC + aCDtCD

7.2 = 5.37 + 4.8tCD

tCD = ..........
tCD = 0.38sec

Recall also,

V1² = Vo² + 2a(X1 - Xo)

VD² = VC² + 2aCD XCD

7.2² = 5.37² + 2 x 4.8 x d

51.84 = 28.8369 + 9.6d

9.6d = 23.0031

d = 23.0031/9.6

d = 2.40

d = 2.40m

Time from A to D = tAD

= tAB + tBC + tCD

= 1.12 + 0.56 + 0.38

•: tAD = 2.06sec
CHAPTER 2

Q 2.1 Example 1

VA = 6im/s

VB/A = 4(cos50i + sin50j) m/s

VB/A = 2.5712i + 3.0642j m/s

VC = 5(-sin30i + cos30j) m/s

VC = -2.5i + 4.330j m/s

(a) VA/C = VA - VC

Substituting for VA & VC

VA/C = 6i - (-2.5i + 4.3301j)

VA/C = 8.5i - 4.3301j

/VA/C/ = ..........

= 9.5384m/s
∅ = tan–¹ (.........

= - 26.9954°

VA/C = 9.54m/s ........

(b) VC/B = VC -VB ..........a

We need to find VB

VB/A = VB - VA ..........b

Make VB the subject of formula

VB = VB/A + VA ..........c

Put eqn c into a for VB

VC/B = VC - (VB/A + VA)

VC/B = VC - VB/A - VA

Substituting,

VC/B = -2.5i + 4.3301j - (2.5712i + 3.0642j) - 6i

VC/B = -2.5i + 4.3301j - 2.5712i - 3.0642j - 6i

VC/B = -11.0712i + 1.2659j m/s

|VC/B| = .........

= 11.433m/s

∅ = tan–¹( .......

= -6.5230

•: VC/B = 11.14m/s

(c)

Velocity = distance/time

Distance = velocity x time

So XB/C = VB/C x time ...........d

But VC/B = 11.14m/s

Recall,

VC/B = - VC/B

Note the negative sign only indicates change in direction while the magnitude remain the same.

Thus, VB/C = 11.14m/s

Then,

XB/C = VB/C x time

= 11.14 x 10

XB/C = 111.4

To show that

VB/A + VC/B + VA/C = 0

Substituting the values;

(2.8712i + 3.0642j) + (-11.0712i + 1.2659j) + (8.5i - 4.3301j) = 0

2.5712i + 3.0642j - 11.0712i + 1.2659j + 8.5i - 4.3301j = 0

0i + 0j = 0

•:

0=0

Proved//

Q 2.2 Example 2 :

VB = 45km/hr

= 45j km/h
= ............

VB = -12.5j m/s

VA = 30km/hr

VA = ................

VA = 8.3333m/s

VA = 8.3333(sin70i + cos70j) m/s

VA = 7.8307i + 2.8502j m/s

(a) VB/A = VB - VA

Substituting

VB/A = -12.5j - (7.8307i + 2.8502j)

VB/A = -7.8307i - 15.3502j m/s

VB/A = ...............

|VB/A| = 17.2322 m/s

∅ = tan–¹( .......

= 62.9722

VB/A = 17.23m/s

(b) XB/A = VB/A x time

= 17.23 x 3 = 51.69m

XB/A = 51.69m

(Ci

From the question we can deduce the following:

B had passed the intersection and travelled for 4 seconds before A passed the same intersection.

Then, A passes the intersection and travelled for 2 secs after passing the intersection.

Time for A = 2 secs = tA

Time for B = (4 + 2) sec = 6 secs = tB

(Cii

Now we have;

XA = VA x tA

= (7.8307i + 2.8502j) x 2

XA = 15.6614i + 5.7004j m

XB = VB x tB

= -12.5j x 6

= - 75j m

Distance between two cars becomes :

XB - XA = XB/A

XB - XA = -75j - (15.6614i +5.7004j)

XB/A = -75j - 15.6614i - 5.7004j

XB/A = -15.6614i - 80.7004j m

|XB/A| = .............

= 82.2060m

∅ = tan–¹(..........

= -79.0172

XB/A = 82.21m

Q 2.3 Example 3

Ball

yBO = 12m

VBO = 18m/s
aB = -9.81m/s²

From eqn (iv) in chapter 1, we have;

yB = yBO + VBOt + ½aBt²

yB = 12 + 18t + ½(-9.81)t²

yB = 12 + 18t - 4.905t² ............ai

Elevator

VE = 2m/s = constant

aE = 0m/s²

yEO = 5m

From eqn v in Chapter 1,

yE = yEO + VEt

yE = 5 + 2t ........... bi

(a)

The positions of the ball and the elevator are equal when the ball hits the elevator.

So, yB = yE

12 + 18t - 4.905t² = 5 + 2t

4.905t² + 2t - 18t + 5 - 12 = 0

4.905t² - 16t - 7 = 0

Solving quadratically,

t = 3.65sec & t = - 0.39sec

•: t = 3.65sec

Put t = 3.65secs into either eqn ai or eqn bi

yE = 5 + 2t

yE = 5 + 2(3.65)
yE = 12.3m

•: yE = yB = 12.3m

(b)

VB/E = VB - VE ..........*

VE = 2m/s

VB = VBO + aBt

VB = 18 + (-9.81 x 3.65)

VB = - 17.81m/s

Substitute into eqn *

VB/E = -17 81 - 2 = -19.81m/s

•: VB/E = 19.81m/s

Q 2.4 Example 4

Observe that the rope AEBFGH is of constant length

Block A has one length attached to it so we write "XA"

Block B has three lengths attached to it, so write "3XB"

In all, we have, XA + 3XB = constant

Differentiating twice we have

VA + 3VB = 0 and aA + 3aB = 0

We are given the following:

VA = 6m/s = -6m/s

(a) VB = ?

From eqn of velocity

VA + 3VB = 0
3VB = -VA

VB = -⅓VA = -⅓ x (-6)

VB = 2m/s

VB = 2m/s

(b) Portion AE and portion C have the same velocity as Block A

Portion D and portion GH have the same velocity as Block B

Observe portion D is moving down as block A is moving left.

VD = 2m/s

(c) VC/D = VC - VD

Portion C is moving up so we have

VC = 6m/s = + 6m/s

VD = 2m/s = -2m/s

VC/D = VC - VD

= 6 - (-2) = 6 + 2 = 8m/s

VC/D = 8m/s

Q 2.6 Example 5

Gnis is case 2 Example

Observe that the rope EFGHIJKLMNOPQRC isof constant length

Block A has 3 lengths attached to it, so we write "3XA"

Block B has 4 lengths attached to it, sowe write "4XB"

Block C has 1 length attached to it, so we write "XC"

In all, we have:
3XA + 4XB + XC = constant

Differentiating the eqn twice we have...

3VA + 4VB + VC = 0

3aA + 4aB + aC = 0

Block B (i.e. +ve) :

VBO = VB1 = 20m/s (constant Vel)

aB = 0mm/s² (constant Vel)

Block A (i.e. -ve)

aA = ?

At t =0, V = 30mm/s

Thus, VAO = 30mm/s

Block C (i.e. +ve)

At t = 3sec , XC1 - XCO = 57mm

(a) VCO = ?

From eqn of vel

3VA + 4VB + VC = 0

3VAO + 4VBO + VCO = 0

3(-30) + 4(20) + VCO = 0

-90 + 80 + VCO = 0

-10 + VCO = 0

VCO = 10mm/s

Since +ve
VCO = 10mm/s --------->

(b)

Acceleration of A and C

Acceleration of C first:

t = 3 sec

XC1 - XCO = 57mm

VCO = 10mm/s

Recall,

XC1 - XCO = VCOt + ½aCt²

57 = 10 x 3 + ½aC(3²)

57 = 30 + 4.5aC

4.5aC = 27

aC = 27/4.5 = 6mm/s²

aC = 6mm/s²

To find acceleration of A

From eqn of acc.

3aA + 4aB + aC = 0

3aA + 4(0) + 6 = 0

3aA + 6 = 0

3aA = -6

aA = -2mm/s²

aA = 2mm/s²

(c)

XA1 - XAO = VAOt + ½aAt²

VAO = -30mm/s

t = 5sec

aA = - 2mm/s²

XA1 - XAO = -30(5) + ½(-2)(5²)

= -150 - 25

= -175

Since A is moving upwards,

XA1 - XAO = 175mm

Q 2.7 Example 6

This is case 5 problem

Hence we have: ........

Observe that the rope ACDEB is of a constant length.

Block A has 1 length of the rope attached to it so we write "XA" , pulley D has 2 length of the rope
defines by it so we write "2XD", block B has 1 length of the rope attached to it, so we write "XB".

In all, we have:

XA + 2XD + XB = constant

Differentiating twice , we have

VA +2VD + VB = 0

And

aA + 2aD + aB = 0

Pulley D (i.e. +ve)

VDO = VD1 = 1.5m/s (constant Vel)

aD = 0m/s² (because constant Vel)

Block A (i.e. + ve)

At t = 0 , VA = 0

Thus,

VAO = 0m/s

aA = ?

VA1 = 6m/s

Point K = initial position of A

Point L = Final position of A

Distance from point k to point L = XA1 - XAO = 4m

yB1 - yBO = ?

VB1 = ?

aB = ?

Let's find acce of A first

VA1² = VAO² + 2aA(yA1 - yAO)

6² = 0² + 2aA x 4

36 =8aA

aA = 36/8

aA = 4.5m/s²

aA = 4.5m/s²

To find time spent by A

VA1 = VAO + aAtA

6 = 0 + 4.5tA
tA = 6/4.5

tA = 1.3333secs

This is also time for both pulley B and D

To find distance travelled by pulley D after 1.3333sec

XD1 - XDO = VDOt

= 1.5 x 1.3333

= 2m

From eqn of distance

XA + 2XD + XB = constant

(XA1 - XAO) + 2(XD1 - XDO) + (XB1 - XBO) = constant

4 + 2(2) + (XB1 - XBO) = 0

4 + 4 + (XB1 - XBO) = 0

8 + (XB1 - XBO) = 0

XB1 - XBO = - 8m

Because of -ve it goes upwards

•: XB1 - XBO = 8m

For vel of B as A passes L

Eqn of vel

VA + 2VD + VB = 0

VA1 + 2VD1 + VB1 = 0

6 + 2(1.5) + VB1 = 0

9 + VB1 = 0

VB1 = - 9m/s
It goes upwards because of the -ve sign

VB1 = 9m/s

For acc of B as A passes L

Eqn of acc:

aA + 2aD + VB = 0

4.5 + 2(0) + VB = 0

4.5 + VB = 0

VB = -4.5m/s

It goes upwards because of the negative sign

aB = 4.5m/s

CHAPTER 3

Q 3.1 Example 1

The vertical and horizontal motion will be considered separately

Lets choose the positive sense of the y -axis upward, positive sense of x-axis to the right and placing the
origin O at the gu .

Vo = 180m/s at 30° to the horizontal

Voy = 180sin30= 90m/s

ay = -9.81m/s²

Substituting into eqns of vertical motion, we have;

Vy = Voy + ayt Vy= 90 - 9.81t ......i

Vy = Voy + ½ayt² y-yo = 90t - 4.9t² ..........ii

Vy² = Voy² + 2ayY Vy² = 8100 - 19.62(y-yo) ......iii

Horizontal motion (uniform motion)

Vox = 180cos30 = 155.89

ax = 0m/s²

Substituting into eqn of uniform motion, we have:

X - Xo = Voxt

X - Xo = 155.89t ..........iv

(a) Horizontal distance:

When the projectile hits the ground it's final vertical height is -150m

Substituting into eqn iii

y - yo = 90t - 4.9t²

-150 - 0 = 90t - 4.9t²

4.9t² - 90t -150 = 0

Solviy quadratically,

t = 19.91sec

t = -1.545sec

time = 19.91sec

From eqn (iv)

X - Xo = 155.88 x 19.91

X - Xo = 3103.77

X = 3100m

(b) At height elevation,

Vy = 0
From eqn (iii)

Vy² = 8100 - 19.62(y)

8100 - 19.62(y) = 0

y = ........ = 412.85m

Greatest elevation = y + 150

= 412.84 + 150

= 562.84

•: Hmax = 563m

Q 3.2 Example 2

(Diagram)

Taking point O as the origin

Vox = 243.84cos.... , ax = 0

Voy = 243.74sin.... , ay = -9.81m/s²

Vertical motion:

y = Voyt + ½ayt²

(We use this because max height is not required. )

Note:: 609.6m is not the max. Height

y - yo = Voyt + ½ayt²

609.6 = (243.84sin...)t + ½(-9.81)t²

609.6 = (243.84sin....)t - 4.905t² ...........i

Horizontal motion:

X = Voxt

Vox = 243.84cos....

3657.6 = (243.84cos...)t

t = .........

t = ....... ......................ii

Put (ii) into (i)

609.6 = (243.84sin...) .... - 4.905.......

609.6 = ............ ..........iii

But ......

eqn(iii) becomes

609.6 = 3657.6tan.... - 1103.625sec²....

But sec².... = 1+tan²....

Eqn (iv) becomes

609.6 = 3657.6tan.... - 1103.625(1 + tan²....)

609.6 = 3657.6tan... - 1103.625 - 1103.625tan²....

1103.625tan².... - 3657.6tan... + 609.6 + 1103.625 = 0

1103.625tan².... - 3657.6tan... + 1713.225 = 0

Solving quadratically

tan... = 2.7496

tan.m. = 0.5646

..... = tan–¹(2.7496)
= 70.01°

... = tan–¹(0.5646)

= 29.45°

•: The values of ..... are 70.0° and 29.5°

Q. 3.3 Example 3

Taking the ground level as the origin.

NOTE:

6m is the max height from the ground level, so we can use V² = Vo² + 2a(y - yo)

h is the targeted height from the ground level so we can use y-yo = Voyt + ½at²

Vox = 15cos.... , ax = 0m/s²

Voy = 15sin...., ay = -9.81m/s²

y1 = 1.5m

Vertical motion:

Vy² = Voy² + 2ay(y-yo)

At Max height Vy = 0 & ymax = 6m

Substituting into the eqn of vertical motion:

0 = (15sin...)² + 2(-9.81)(6 - 1.5)

0 = 225sin².... - 88.29

Sin²... = .......

Sin²... = 0.3924

Sin.... = ........

Sin... = 0.6264

... = Sin–¹(0.6264)
... = 38.79°

This, Vox = 15cos...

= 15cos38.79 = 11.69

Vox = 11.69m/s

Voy = 15sin38.79 = 9.40m/s

Horizontal motion

X - Xo = Voxt

Substituting parameters for horizontal motion:

18 = 11.69t

t = = 18/11.69

t = 1.54sec

Note this is also time for vertical motion

Recall,

y-yo = Voyt + ½at²

Substituting parameters again,

h - 1.5 = 9.4 x 1.54 + ½(9.81)(1.54)²

h - 1.5 = 14.476 - 11.63

h - 1.5 = 2.846

h = 2.846 + 1.5

h = 4.346m

Q 3.5 Example 4

(Diagram)
Thi is half scale case:

Thus, we use formulas for half scale:

Vx = ?

Recall,

h = ½gt²

18 = ½(9.81)t²

18 = 4.905t²

t² = 3.6697

t = .........

t = 1.92sec

Recall again,

X = Vxt

25 = 1.92Vx

Vx = 25/1.92

Vx = 13.02m/s

2nd phase:

(Diagram)

This is half case also,

Recall,

h = ½gt²

22 = ½(9.81)t²

22 = 4.905t²
t² = 4.4852

t = .........

t = 2.12sec

Recall,

X = Vxt

= 13.02 x 2.12

X = 27.60m

Q 3.6 Example 5

This is combination of half case and other case.

Plane is half case while shell is other cZe.

(Diagram)

The plane slides in the horizontal direction. So its velocity is along the horizontal and its constant
throughout. Thus,

Vp = Vpx = 724km/hr

= .......... = 201.11m/s

Let Vso = initial Velocity of the shell = 450m/s

Vxso = initial velocity of the shell along the horizontal direction and it's constant

Vyso = initial velocity of the shell along the vertical direction and this velocity changes with time.

(a) Shell:

Vxso = 450cos... , ax = 0

Vyso = 450sin.... , ay = -9.81m/s²

Horizontal motion:

X - X1 = Vxsot

d = (450cos...)t ..............i

Plane:

The plane also travels a distance, d in a time, t seconds

Distance = Velocity x time

d = 201.11 x t

d = 201.11t ...........ii

Equating eqn (i) and (ii)

(450cos...)t = 201.11t

(450cos...) = 201.11

Cos... = 201.11/450

Cos... = 0.4469

.... = Cos–¹(0.4469)

.... = 63.45°

(b) At the time of impact

Vel of the plane is constant (i.e. .......) acceleration is 0.

Also, at the time of impact the horizontal component of the initial velocity of the shell os constant (i.e.
450cos...) And acceleration is 0.

Thus,

Vxso = Vxs = 450cos63.45 = 201.11m/s

At the time of impact, the vertical component of the velocity of the shell has changed and the
acceleration remains - 9.81m/s².

So let's first find the vertical component of the velocity (Vys) at the time of impact.

Vyso = 450sin....

= 450sin63.45

Vyso = 402.55m/s

From eqn of vertical motion..

(y - yo)s = Voyst + ½at²

1828 = 402.55t - ½x9.81t²

1828 = 402.55t - 4.91t²

4.91t² = 402.55t + 1828 = 0

Solving quadratically,

t = 77.16sec & t = 4.83sec

Shells normally travel in a very short period..

So, t = 4.83sec

From eqn(ii), d = 201.11t

d = 201.11 x 4.83

d = 971.36m

Vys = Voys + at

= 402.55 - 9.81x4.83

Vys = 355.17m/s

Then, Vs = Vsx + Vsy

Vs = 201.11i + 355.17j m/s

Vp = 201.11i m/s

Vs/p = 201.11i + 354.17j - 201.11i

= 355.17j
Vs/p = 355.17m/s

as = asx + asy

as = -9.81m/s²

ap = 0m/s²

as/p = -9.81j - 0

= -9.81j m/s²

as/p = 9.81m/s²

Q 3.7 Example 6

This is an other case problem and seen as two projectiles problem in one first projectile has a horizonal
range of 80mm and the second projectile has a horizonal range of 146mm (i.e. 80mm + 66mm)

. let's place the origin at the milk.

(Diagram)

Vox = 1.2cos40 = 0.919m/s

ax = 0m/s²

Voy = -1.2sin40 = - 0.771m/s

ay = -9.81m/s²

When the horizontal range is 80mm

Horizontal motion:

X - Xo = Voxt

0.08 = 0.919t

t = .........
t = 0.087sec

Vertical motion:

y - yo = Voyt + ½at²

-h-(-0.14) = - 0.771(0.087) + ½(-9.81)(0.087)²

0.14 - h = -0.104

h = 0.14 + 0.104

h = 0.244m

h = 244mm

When the horizontal range is 146mm (i.e. the far edge of the glass)

Horizontal motion:

X - Xo = Voxt

0.146 = 0.919t

t = ...... = 0.159sec

Vertical motion:

y - yo = Voyt + ½at²

-h-(-0.14) = - 0.771(0.159) + ½(-9.81)(0.159)²

0.14 - h = -0.247

h = 0.14 + 0.247

h = 0.387m

h = 387mm

Range values of height is 244mm < h < 387mm

Q 3.8 Example 7
this is a half case and it's seen as two projectiles in one.

Our assumption here is "x - axis increases ad y-axis decreases" i.e. they are inversely proportional to
each other.

If y-axis is 2m (i.e. 0.5m + 1.5m)

X-axis is 3m

And

If y - axis is 1.5m, x-axis is 4m (i.e. 1m + 3m)

Vo = ?

g = 9.81m/s²

When x-axis is 3m & y-axis is 2m :

Vertical motion:

h = ½gt²

2 = ½(9.81)t²

2 = 4.905t²

t = ........

t = 0.638secs

Horizontal motion:

X = Vxt

Here Vx = Vo and the eqn becomes: X = Vst

3 = 0.638Vo

Vo = .......

Vo = 4.70m/s

When x-axis is 4m and y-axis 1.5m:

Vertical motion:

h = ½gt²

1.5 = ½(9.81)t²
t = ........

t = 0.553sec

Horizontal motion:

X = Vxt i.e. X = Vot

4 = 0.553Vo

Vo = .......

Vo = 7.23m/s

Range values of Vo is 4.70m < Vo < 7.23m

Q 3.11 Example 8

(Diagram)

This is a full scale problem

Place the origin at A

Vox = 85cos...., ax = 0m/s²

Voy = 85sin....., ay = -9.81m/s²

(a) Horizontal Motion:

Vox = 85cos.... , ax = 0m/s²

X - Xo = 103m

Recall,

X - Xo = Voxt
103 = (85cos...)t

t = ..... .......................i

Vertical motion:

Voy = 85sin....

ay = -9.81m/s²

Recall, y-yo = Voyt + ½ayt²

Note at the point the projectile hits the ground again (point B), y = 0

y - yo = Voyt + ½at²

0 - 0 = (85sin...)t + ½(-9.81)t²

0 = (85sin...)t - 4.905t²

4.905t² = (85sin...)t

4.905t = 85sin...

t = ....... ..............ii

Equating eqn (i) and (ii)

......

85cos..(85sin....) = 103 x 4.905

7225sin..cos.. = 505.215

Sin...cos... = ......

Sin..cos.. = 0.07

Squaring both sides;

(Sin...cos...)² = 0.07²

Sin²... cos².. = 0.0049 ............iii

Recall, from trigonometry,

Sin²... + Cos²... = 1

Sin²... = 1 - cos².... ...............iv

Put eqn(iv) into eqn (iii)

Cos²... (1 - cos²...) = 0.0049

Cos²... - (cos²..)² = 0.0049 ................v

Let y = cos²... and y² = (cos²...)²

Substitute all into eqn (v)

y - y² = 0.0049

y² - y + 0.0049 = 0

Solving quadratically,

y1 = 0.9951 and y2 = 0.0049

Recall,

y = cos²....

Cos... = ....

Cos... = .....

Cos... = 0.9975

... = Cos–¹(0.9975)

... = 4.05°

Cos... = ....

Cos... = 0.07

... = Cos–¹(0.07)

... = 85.99°

•: .... = 4.05° or 85.99°

When .... = 4.05°

(b) Voy = 85sin...

= 85sin4.05 = 6m/s

At maximum height, Vy = 0

Recall, Vy² = Voy² + 2ay(y-yo)

Substituting

0² = 6² + 2(-9.81)(y - yo)

0 = 36 - 19.62(y - yo)

y - yo = ..... = 1.83m

•: Maximum height = 1.83m

(c)

From eqn (i)

t = ......

= ...... = 1.21sec

Time = 1.21sec

When .... = 85.98°

(b) Voy = 85sin....

= 85sin85.97

Voy = 84.79m/s

At maximum height, Vy =0

Recall, Vy² = Voy² + 2ay(y-yo)

0² = 84.79² + 2(-9.81)(y-yo)

y-yo = ........

= 366.43
Maximum height = 366.43m

(C) From eqn(i)

t = ............

= .......

= 17.33sec

Time = 17.33sec

Q 3.12 Example 9

r = 90mm = 0.09m

At t = 0, Vel = 0 .i.e. Vo = 0m/s

at = 20mm/s² = 0.02m/s²

a) Total acceleration when t = 0

Let's first find tangential and Normal acceleration at t = 0

an = V²/r = .....

= 0m/s²

Tangential acceleration when time is zero = at = 0.02m/s²

Recall,

a² = an² + at²

a = .........

= .....

= 0.02m/s²

•: a = 0.02m/s²

b) Total acceleration when t = 2sec.

Let's first find tangential and normal acceleration at t = 2sec

Recall,
V = Vo + at

V = 0 + 0.02 x 2

V = 0.04m/s

Recall,

an = ......

an = 0.018m/s²

Tangential acceleration when time is 2sec

= at = 0.02m/s²

Recall,

a² = an² + at²

a = ........

a = 0.027

a = 0.027m/s²

Q 3.13 Example 10

Diameter = d = 250mm = 0.25m

Radius = r = 0.25m/2 = 0.125m

Vo = 45m/s

V = 0m/s

t = 9secs

To find the time at which the total acceleration is 40m/s² ...

V = Vo + att ....

0 = 45 + 9at ...

at = ......

at = - 5m/s²
Recall,

a² = an² + at²

an² = a² - at²

an = ......

an = 39.69m/s²

an = ......

V² = anr ....

V = ......

V = 2.227m/s

Recall,

V = Vo + att.....

2.227 = 45 - 5t

t = .......

t = 8.55 sec

Q 3.15 Example 11

a) To find diameter (i.e. d)

V = 72km/hr = ..........

V = 20m/s

an = 3.2m/s²

Recall,

an = .......

r = ........

r = 125m

Diameter = 2 x radius
= 2 x 125 = 250

d = 250m

(b) To find the speed of the Car:

d = 180m

r = d/2 = 180/2 = 90m

an = 0.6g

But g = acce due to gravity

an = 0.6(9.81) = 5.886

an = 5.886m/s²

Recall, an = .......

V² = anr ...

V² = .....

V = 23.02m/s

V = .......... Km/hr

V = 82.87km/hr

•: V = 23.02m/s or 82.87km/hr

Q 3.16 Example 12

r = 914m

Vo = 40m/s

t = 6sec

V = 27m/s

Recall, V = Vo + att.....

27 = 40 + 6at ...

at = .......
at = -2.17m/s²

Immediately after the brakes are applied (or after removing the brake), the car still maintains the initial
vel of 40m/s

Recall,

an = ........

an = 1.75m/s²

a² = an² + at²

a = .........

a = 2.79m/s²

Tan... = .....

... = tan–¹(.....

... = -38.88°

•: a = 2.79m/s² at an angle of 38.88° to the tangential axis.

Q 3.17 Example 13

OA = 1m

∅ = 0.2t² ............i

r = 1 - 0.16t² ...........ii

To find the total velocity and acceleration when ∅ = 30°

∅ = 30°

Recall,

180° = πrad
30° would be :

........ rad

= 0.524 rad

this ∅ = 0.524rad

Put ∅ = 0.524rad into eqn (i)

Then, 0.2t² = 0.524

t = ........

t = 1.619sec

∅ = 0.2t² ...........i

... = 0.2 x 2t²–¹

.. = 0.4t = 0.4(1.619) = 0.648 rad/s

... = 0.4 rad/s²

r = 1 - 0.16t² ............ii

= 1 - [0.16(1.619)²] = 0.581m

r = 0 - 0.16 x 2t²–¹

... = -0.32t

= -0.32(1.619)

... = - 0.518m/s

r = - 0.32m/s²

Recall,

Vr = .... .................3.13a

Vr = ..... = -518m/s
V.. = r.... ............3.13b

V.. = 0.581(0.648)

V... = 0.376m/s = r...

Recall, also

V = .........

= .....

V = 0.64m/s

.... = tan–¹(..... ..........3.15b

.... = tan–¹(.......

.... = - 54.03°

•: V = 0.64m/s .......

To find total acceleration:

ar = ....... ............3.18a

= -0.32 - 0.581(0.648)²

= - 0.696m/s²

a... = ......... ...........3.18b

= - 0.581(0.4) + 2(-0.518)(0.648)

= -0.439m/s²

a = ..............

= ...........

= 0.82m/s²

... = tan–¹... ............3.20b

.... = tan–¹( .....

... = 57.76°

•: a = 0.82m/s² .......

Q 3.18 Example 14

VAO = 50m/s

(Diagram)

The only acceleration at point A is that due to gravity (acting downwards) which we can now resolve into
radial and transverse directions at point A.

(Diagram)

a.. = 9.81cos25 = 8.89m/s²

a.. = ......

8.89 = .........

•: r = 281.21m

(b) At the highest elevation,

Vy = 0

V = VACos25

= 50cos25 = 45.32m/s

Acceleration along y = 9.81m/s²

Recall, a = .......

r = ......

r = 209.37m
Q 3.19 Example 15

r = 3(2 - e–t)

... = 4(t + 2e–t)

(a) To find velocity and acceleration when t = 0

r = 3(2 - e–t)

... = 3(0 + e–t) = 3e–t

.... = -3e–t

... = 4(t + 2e–t)

... = 4(1-2e–t) = 4 - 8e–t

... = 4(0 + 2e–t) = 8e–t

Substituting for t = 0

r = 3(2 - e°)

= 3(2-1) = 3(1)

r = 3m

... = 3e–t = 3(e°) = 3(1)

= 3m/s

.... = -3e–t = -3(e°)

= -3(1)

= -3m/s²

... = 4(t + 2e–t)

= 4(0 + 2e°)

= 4(2) = 8 rad

.. = 4-8e–t

= 4 - 8(e°)
= 4 - 8 = -4rad/s

... = 8e–t = 8e° = 8(1)

= 8rad/s²

Recall,

Vr = .... .............3.13a

Then,

Vr = 3m/s

V.. = r... ..............3.13b

= 3(-4) = -12m/s

Recall also,

.... = ........ ........ 3.12

Recall also,

ar = ...... ........3.18a

= -3 -3(-4)²

= -51m/s²

a... = ......... ......... 3.18b

= 3(8) + 2(3)(-4)

= 0m/s²

Recall again,

a = ....... .............3.17

= -51ir

•: a = ......
(b) As t approaches infinity (i.e. t ---> ∞)

r = 3(2-e–t)

r = 3(2 - e...) = 3(2-0)

r = 6m

.... = 3e–t = 3e... = 3(0)

= 0m/s²

∅ = 4(t + 2e–t)

= 4(∞ + 2e...) = 4(∞ + 0)

= 4(∞) = ∞ rad

... = 4 - 8e–t

= 4 - 8e... = 4 - 0

... = 8e–t = 8e...

= 0 rad/s²

Recall,

Vr = .... ............3.13a

Vr = 0m/s

V.. = .... ...........3.13b

= 6(4) = 24m/s

Recall also,

.... = ....... ............3.12

... = .....

....
Recall, ar = ...... ................3.18a

= 0 - 6(4)²

= - 96m/s²

Recall, a.. = ...... ................. 3.18b

= 6(0) + 2(0)(4)

= 0m/s²

Also recall,

.... = ............. ................. 3.17

= ....

........

Q 3.20. Example 16

r = 2acos∅ and

∅ = ½bt²

To find vel & acc. at any time. This is a second case where r is given as a function of ∅ and ∅ given as a
function of time.

∅ = ½bt²

.... = 2(½)bt²–¹

= bt

... = b

r = 2acos∅

Recall,

.... = F'(∅)... ........... 3.25a

.... = (-2asin∅)....

But .... = bt

So,

... = (-2asin∅)bt

.... = -2abtsin∅

Recall,

.... = ........

... = (-2acos∅)(...)(...) + (-2asin∅)∅

.... = (-2acos∅)(...) - (2asin∅)...

But .... = bt & .... = b

So .... = (-2acos∅)(bt)² - (2asin∅)b

.... = -2ab²t²cos∅ - 2absin∅

(a)

Recall,

Vr = .... .................. 3.13a

Vr = -2abtsin∅

V.. = r ... ................. 3.13b

V.. = (2acos∅)(...)

But

... = bt

V.. = (2acos∅)bt

= 2abtcos∅

Recall again,
V = ........... ................. 3.14b

= ............

= .........

= .........

= 2abt

V = 2abt m/s

To find acceleration at any time

Recall again:

ar = ....... .......... 3.18a

= -2ab²t²cos∅ - 2absin∅ - 2acos∅(bt)²

= -2ab²t²cos∅ - 2absin∅ - 2ab²t²cos∅

= -4ab²t²cos∅ - 2absin∅

Recall also,

a.. = r... + 2... ........ 3.18b

a.. = (2acos∅)(b) + 2(-2abtsin∅)(bt)

= 2abcos∅ - 4ab²sin∅

Recall again:

a = ......... ........... 3.19b

a = ..................

= ..............

a = ........

= .......

= .......
= 2ab.....

a = 2ab..... or. 2ab(1+ 4b²t⁴)...

(b) To find the radius of curvature

Recall,

an = ..... and .... = ....

r = ...... = .....

= ......

Q 3.21 Example 17

r = 4 + t²

∅ = ½t²

To find vel & acc. when t = 2 sec

r = 4 + t² = 4 + 2² = 8m

.. = 2t = 2 x 2 = 4m/s

... = 2m/s²

∅ = ½t² = ½(2²) = 2 rad

... = 2(½)t²–¹

... = t = 2 rad/sec

Recall;

Vr = .... ............ 3.13a

Vr = 4m/s

Recall again,

V.. = r... ............ 3.13b

V.. . = 8 x 2 = 16m/s

Recall also,

V = ............. .............. 3.12

V = .......

To find acceleration

Recall,

ar = .... .................. 3.18a

= 2 - 8(2)²

= -30m/s²

Recall again.

a.. = ..... ................ 3.18b

a.. = 8(1) + 2(4)(2)

= 8 + 16 = 24m/s²

Recall again,

a = ........ .................. 3.17

a.. = ..............

CHAPTER FOUR

Q 4.1 Example 1

P=?
a = 3.05m/s²

μ = 0.25

Firstly, we draw the FBD

(Diagram)

Where

W = mg = weight

N = Normal reaction

Fr = Frictional Force

P = the unknown force

Recall,

μ = ..... .................4

Fr = μN

Fr = 0.25N ............... i

Since the object will slide along the plane,

€Fx = max and €Fy = 0

€Fx = max ..............4.3

W = mg = 890

m = ..... = .......

m = ....

ax = 3.05m/s²

€Fx = max

Pcos30 - Fr = max
0.866P - 0.25N = ...... x 3.05

0.866P - 0.25N = 276.7074 ..............ii

€Fy = 0

N - W - Psin30 = 0

N - 890 - 0.5P = 0

0.5P - N = -890 .............iii

Solving eqn(ii) & iii simultaneously,

P = 673.69N

N = 1226.86N

P = 674N

Q 4.2 Example 2

Vo = 0m/s

V = 4m/s

x = 12m

μ = 0.25

P=?

First, we find acceleration,

Recall,

V² = Vo² + 2a(x-xo) ............. 1.8

4² = 0² + 2a(12)

16 = 24a

a = ⅔m/s²

I.e. ax = ⅔m/s²

(Diagram)
Since the object will slide along the plane, €Fx = max and €Fy = 0

€Fy = 0

N - mg = 0

N = mg = 5(9.81)

N = 49.05N

μ = .......

Fr = μN

= 0.25 x 49.05

Fr = 12.2625N

Recall,

€Fr = max

P - Fr = max

P = Fr + max

= 12.2625 + 5 x ⅔

= 15.5958N

P = 15.60N

Q 4.3 Example 3

FBD

(Diagram)

€Fx = max & €Fy = 0

W = mg
N - wcos∅ = 0

N = wcos∅ ............ii

Fr = μN

Fr = μWcos∅ .............iii

€Fx = max

P + wsin∅ - Fr = max

P = max + Fr - wsin∅ .................iv

Put eqns (i) and (iii) into v

P = w.... + μwcos∅ - wsin∅

P = w[... + μcos∅ - sin∅]

Q 4.4 Example 4

Block A is defined by one length of the rope, thus we have "XA", Block B is defined by two lengths of the
rope, thus we have "2XB". Equating the two, XA = 2XB ......i

Motion of block A

(Diagram)

Let T1 be the tension in the cord ACO

Note: Coefficient of friction is not given, we shall neglect Friction. We shall also neglect Normal reaction.
Since block slides along horizonal,

€Fx = mAax

Let ax = aA = acceleration of block A

Thus,

€Fx = mAaA

T1 = 100aA ............iii
Motion of block B

(Diagram)

Let T2 be the tension in the cord BC

Block B is known to slide down (i.e. direction of weight is known as the direction of motion)

Thus,

€Fy = mBay

Let

ay = aB = acceleration of block B

Thus, €Fy = mBaB

WB - T2 = mBaB

300(9.81) - T2 = 300aB

2943 - T2 = 300aB

T2 = 2943 - 300aB ................iv

Pulley C

(Diagram)

€Fy = 0

T1 + T1 - T2 = 0

2T1 - T2 = 0

2T1 = T2 ..............v

Available eqns are:

aA = 2aB ............ii
T1 = 100aA ..............iii

T2 = 2943 - 300aB ...............iv

2T1 = T2 ..................v

Solving the four eqns together,

Put eqn (ii) into eqn (iii)

T1 = 100(2aB)

T1 = 200aB .....................vi

Put eqn (v) into eqn (iv)

2T1 = 2943 - 300aB

T1 = 1471.5 - 150aB ............vii

Put eqn (vi) into eqn (vii)

200aB = 1471.5 - 150aB

200aB + 150aB = 1471.5

350aB = 1471.5

aB = 4.20m/s²

Put aB = 4.20m/s² into eqn (ii)

aA = 2aB ........ii

aA = 2 x 4.20

aA = 8.40m/s²

aA = 8.40m/s²

And aB = 4.20m/s²

Q 4.5 Example 5

FBD
(Diagram)

Recall, €Ft = mat

Mgsin30 = mat

at = gsin30

at = 9.81sin30 = 4.905m/s²

at = 4.91m/s²

€Fn = man

...mg - mgcos30 = man

mg(... - cos30) = man

g(1.634) = an

an = 1.634 x g

= 1.634 x 9.81

an = 16.03m/s²

Recall also,

an = .....

V = ........

V = ± 5.66m/s

Q 4.6 Example 6

Note the tenaioy records both the total mass of lift, man and scale

The scale reads only the weight of the man.

Acceleration is the same for both tension and scale reading.

Tension reading

(Diagram)

W= 750(9.81)

€Fy = may = ma

8300 - 750(9.81) = 750a

a = ...........

a = 1.257m/s²

Scale reading:

(Diagram)

€Fy = may = ma

R - 75(9.81) = 75(1.257)

R = 75(9.81) + 75(1.257)

R = 75(9.81 + 1.257)

R = 830.03N

To find velocity:

Recall,

V2 = V1 + at

V1 = 0, since from rest

t = 3sec

V2 = V1 + at

V2 = 0 + 1.257 x 3

V2 = 3.77m/s
Q 4.7. Example 7

W = 160KN

V1 = 20m/s

V2 = 40m/s

t = 4sec

Fr = Frictional Force = 3.25KN

Power(max)= ?

Recall,

V2 = V1 + at

40 = 20 + 4a

a = .......

a = 5m/s²

Let F = tractive force

Recall,

€F = ma

F - Fr = ma

F - Fr = ......

F - 3.25(1000) = .......

F = 84799.44N

F ≈ 84.8KN

Recall,

Power = Force x velocity

Power (max) = Force x V2

Power (min) = Force x V1

Power(max) = 84799.44 x 40
= 3391977.6N ≈ 3392KN

•: Pmax = 3392KN

Q 4.8 Example 8

FBD

(Diagram)

V1 = 0m/s (from rest)

V2 = 35m/s

t = 30sec

Recall, V2 = V1 + at

35 = 0 + 30a

a = ..... = ....

a = ..... m/s²

From the FBD, €Fx = ma

F = W = mg

So,

m = ........

Then, €Fx = ....a

F - Wsin10 = .....a

F - 2000sin10 = ......

F = 2000sin10 + .....

F = 585.15N
Recall,

P = F x V2

= 585.15 x 35

= 20480.25 watt

Recall,

.... x 100% = Efficiency in power

Or

.... = efficiency

Pmax = ........ = .....

Pmax = .......

= 25600.3128

•: Pmax = 25600watt

Q 4.9 example 9

Let's find the speed of the disk when final length of SB = 400mm(compressed) and final length of SA =
360mm (extended/stretched)

NOTE: If a spring is either stretched or compressed, the force applied to stretch it or compress it, it is
taken a +ve while the stretched spring trying to regain it's length by compressing or compressed spring
trying to regain its length by extension is taken as -ve

FBD

Let the springs deflect by x

(Diagram)

€Fx = max = ma
€Fx = ma

F - KAX - KBX = 3a ...........i

Recall, adx = Vdv

a = .......

Put a = ........ in eqn (i)

F - KAX - KBX = ........

(F - KAX - KBX)dx = 3Vdv

Final length

.......

Initial length

For string A:

Deflection = 360 - 200 = 160mm

For spring B:

Deflection = 200 - 40 = 160mm

Since deflection is constant in both springs,

Thus,

Final length = 160mm i.e. 0.16m

And Initial length = 0mm i.e. 0m

Therefore,

..........

:::::
Substituting for all the values

[4(100)(0.16-0) - ......(0.16² - 0²) - ......(0.16² - 0²)] = ....[V² - 0²]

627.2 = .....

3V² = 627.2 x 2

V² = ........

V = ........

V = 20.45m/s

Q 4.10 Example 10

A constant force F, acts towards both block A and block B

Since they are released from rest, the two blocks tend to move downwards.

The frictional force acting on each block is directed up the inclined plane.

FBD of block A

(Diagram)

Recall,

μA = ........

(Fr)A = μANA

(Fr)A = 0.2NA .............i

€Fy = 0

NA - WAcos25 = 0

NA = WAcos25
= 10(9.81)cos(25)

NA = 88.91N

From eqn(i), (Fr)A = 0.2NA

(Fr)A = 0.2 x 88.91

(Fr)A = 17.782N

€Fx = max

€Fx = ma

F - (Fr)A + WAsin25 = mAa

Substituting for all values,

F - 17.782 + 10(9.81)sin25 = 10a

F + 23.68 = 10a ................ii

NOTE: I considered the direction of F and every other parameters in the same direction with it as
positive. Then considered the direction of frictional force and everything in the same direction with it as
negative.

FBD of Block B

Note: Frictional Force still act up the plane and the force AB enters block A.

(Diagram)

€Fy = 0

NB - WBcos25 = 0

NB = WBcos25

= 5(9.81)cos25

NB = 44.45
Recall, ..... = ....

(Fr)B = μBNB

= 0.3 x 44.45

(Fr)B = 13.335N

€Fx = mBax = mBa

€Fx = mBa

F + (Fr)B - WBsin25 = -mBa .............iii

Substituting for all values,

F + 13.335 - 5(9.81)sin25 = -5a

F - 7.39 = -5a ................iv

Note: In block B, the direction of "F" is opposite to that of "a" that is why we had -mBa in eqn (ii)

Solving eqns (ii) & (iv) simultaneously

F = -3.0N

a = 2.07m/s²

Q 4.11 Example 11

This follows almost the same steps with "example 4". But here, we shall consider frictional force of the
log.

Let's first aim at finding the acceleration of "A". Then use "V1² = Vo² + 2aAx" to find the final velocity.

Let the log be represented as "L" and the block be represented as "A"

From the diagram, the log is defined by two lengths of the rope; then we have : "2XL"

The block is defined by one length of the rope: Then we have, "XA"
Equating the two,

2XL = XA .............i

Finding the 2nd derivative of eqn (i)

....... = ....

2aL = aA ...............ii

Motion of the log, L

(Diagram)

€Fy = 0

N- 200(9.81)cos30 = 0

N = 200x9.81xcos30

N = 1699.14N

μ = .....

Fr = μN = 0.5 x 1699.14

Fr = 849.57N

€Fx = max = mLaL

€Fx = mLaL

T1 - Fr - wsin30 = 200aL

T1- 849.57 - 200(9.81)sin30 = 200aL

T1 - 1830.57 = 200aL ..........................iii

Motion of the Block A:

(Diagram)
€Fy = may = mAaA

€Fy = maAaA

125(9.81) - T2 = 125aA

1226.25 - T2 = 125aA ......................iv

Motion of pulley C:

Note: The rope (named "T2") attached to block A passes through pulley O and still wired round pulley C
and then returned back to pulley O.

At pulley C, there is also another rope attached (named "T1") to connect it to the log, L .

FBD of pulley C

(Diagram)

€Fy = 0

T1 = T2 + T2

T1 = 2T2 ..................v

Now let's solve eqns (ii), (iii), (iv) and (v) simultaneously, to find acceleration of block A (i.e. aA)

Put eqn(v) into eqn (iii) and call it eqn(vi)

2T2 - 1830.57 = 200aL

T2 - 915.285 = 100aL

T2 = 915.285 + 100aL ..............vi

From eqn(ii), 2aL = aA

aL = .....

Put aL = .... into eqn (vi) and call it eqn (vii)

T2 = 915.285 + 100(.....

T2 = 915.285 + 50aA ..............vii

Put eqn (vii) into eqn (iv)

1226.25 - (915.285 + 50aA) = 125aA

1226.25 - 915.285 - 50aA = 125aA

310.965 = 175aA

aA = .............

aA = 1.78m/s²

Recall, V1² = Vo² + 2aAx

Vo = 0m/s (since from rest)

V1 = ?

aA = 1.78m/s²

X = 6m

VA1² = VAO² + 2aAx

V1² = 0² + 2 x 1.78 x 6

V1 = .........

= 4.62m/s

Thus,

VA1 = 4.62m/s

From the first derivative of eqn(i), we have;

2VL = VA

Then, VL = .........

VL = ........ = 2.31m/s

VL = 2.31m/s

Q 4.12 Example 12
(Diagram)

€Fx = 0

Fsin∅ - N = 0

N = Fsin∅ .........i

€Fy = may

Since velocity is involved,

ay = ......

Thus, €Fy = M.....

Fcos∅ - Fr - mg = m..... ..................ii

Recall,

μ = .....

Fr = μN

Fr = μFsin∅ .................iii

Put eqn(iii) into (ii)

Fcos∅ - μFsin∅ - mg = m....

Since ∅ = kt (from question)

We now have;

Fcoskt - μFsinkt - mg = m....

Cross multiplying,

(Fcoskt - μFsinkt - mg)dt = mdv

Integrating the eqn above ,

........
.......

......

mg.... = m....

...[sinkt - sin0] - ....[-coskt -(-cos0)]

- mg[t - 0] = m[m v - 0]

....Sinkt - ....[-coskt + 1] - mgt = mv

[Sinkt + μ(coskt - 1)].... - mgt = mv ..................iv

As ∅ ------> ½π (from Eqn)

i.e. as ∅ = ½π

But ∅ = kt (from eqn also)

Then, kt = ½π

Kt = .....

t = ...... ...................v

Since motion starts from rest, then vel, V = 0m/s

Put eqn(v) and V = 0m/s into eqn(iv)

[Sink(.... + μ[cosk(... - 1].... - mgt = m(0)

[Sink(.... + μ[cosk(.... - 1]]... - mg(... = m(0)

[Sink (... + μ[cos(... - 1]] ... - ........ = 0

{1 + μ[0-1]}... = ......

(1-μ)... = ......

(1-μ)F = .......

(1-μ)F = ½mgπ

F = .........
Q 4.13 Example 13

Given:

The man exerta a pull force of 250N on the rope. This force(pull) of 250N runs throughout the whole
length of the rope.

FBD of the pulley attached to the cart

(Diagram)

Where T = tension in the rope = pull exerts by the man = 250N

F= force acting on and/or from the cart

€Fy = 0

F=T+T

F = 2T [but T = 250N]

F = 2 x 250

F = 500N

FBD of the man and cart combined

(Diagram)

NOTE: T defines the pull exerts by the man = 250N

F defines the force from the rope attached to the cart = 500N

€Fx = max = mat

F + T - Wsin15 = mat

500 + 250 - 100(9.81)sin15 = 100at

496.10 = 100at

at = .....
at = 4.96m/s²

Q 4.14 Example 14

(a) μ = 0.30

S=?

Vo = 70km/hr = 19.44m/s

V1 = 0km/hr = 0m/s

Let M = mass of the crate

FBD of the crate

(Diagram)

€Fy = 0

N - mg = 0

N = mg

μ = ......

Fr = μN

Fr = 0.3mg

€Fx = max = ma

-Fr = ma

-0.3mg = ma

a = -0.3g

= - 0.3 x 9.81

a = -2.943m/s²

Recall,

V1² = Vo² + 2aS

V1 = 0m/s

Vo = 19.44m/s

a = -2.943m/s²

S=?

Substituting .....

0² = 19.44² + 2(-2.943)S

S = ........

= 64.21

S = 64.21m or 0.064km

(b) Vo = 0m/s (from rest)

V1 = ?

S = 50m

Grade = 10%

μ = 0.3

NOTE: 10% grade means that tan∅ = .... (I.e. tan ∅ = 0.1)

Thus, ∅ = tan–¹(0.1) = 5.7106°

∅ = 5.7106°

Note also,

Mass of the crate remains "m"

FBD of th crate up the 10% grade

(Diagram)

€Fy = 0

N - mgcos∅ = 0
N = mgcos∅ = 0

N = mgcos5.7106

N = 0.995mg ...............i

μ = ....

Fr = μN

Fr = 0.3 x 0.995mg

Fr = 0.2990mg .................ii

€Fx = max = ma

€Fx = ma

Fr - mgsin∅ = ma

0.2990mg - mgsin5.7106 = ma

0.2990(9.81) - 9.81sin5.7106 = a

1.96 = a

Thus,

a = 1.96m/s²

Recall, V1² = Vo² + 2as

Vo = 0m/s

V1 = ?

a = 1.96m/s²

S = 50m

V1² = 0² + 2 x 1.96 x 50

V1 = ......

= 14m/s

V = 14m/s = ..........
= 50.4km/h

Q 4.15 Example 15

Vo = 100km/hr = 27.78m/s

V1 = 50km/hr = 13.89m/s

X1 - Xo = 400m

Recall,

V1² = Vo² + 2a(x1 - xo)

13.89² = 27.78² + 2a(400)

a = .......

a = -0.72m/s²

NOTE: 10% grade means that tan∅ = 0.1

Thus, ∅ = tan–¹(0.1)

∅ = 5.7106°

FBD

(Diagram)

€Fx = max = ma

€Fx = ma

F - 1500(9.81)sin∅ = 1500(-0.72)

F - 1500(9.81)sin5.7106 = -1080

F - 1464.20 = -1080

F = 1464.10 - 1080

= 384.20N
•: Tractive force = F = 384.20N

Q 4.16 Example 16

Vo = 20m/s

V1 = 10m/s

X1 - Xo = 75m

Recall,

V1² = Vo² + 2a(x1-xo)

10² = 20² + 2a(75)

a = .......

a = -2m/s²

FBD of the block :

Let mass be "M"

(Diagram)

€Fx = max = ma

€Fx = ma

-Fr + mgSin15 = -2m

Fr = mgSin15 + 2m

= m(gsin15 + 2)

= m(9.81sin15+2)
Fr = 4.54m N

€Fy = 0

N - mcos15= 0

N = mgcos15

N = m(9.81cos15)

N = 9.48m Newton

Recall,

μ = ..........

= .....

= 0.479

Q 4.17 Example 17

The rope attached directly to block A is equivalent to "2P" in order to balance the forces acting on the
pulley.

NOTE: Frictional Force acting on block A is directed towards left and frictional force acting on the cart B
is directed towards the right.

Any balance each other.

FBD of block A:

(Diagram)

€Fy = 0

NA - mAg = 0

NA = mAg
= 20 x 9.81

NA = 196.2N

μ = .....

(Fr)A = μNA

= 0.5 x 196.2

(Fr)A = 98.1N

€Fx = max = maA

€Fx = maA

2P - Fr = maA

2P - 9.81 = 20aA

aA = ........

FBD of the cart:

(Diagram)

NOTE: (Fr)B = (Fr)A = 9.81N

€Fx = max = mBaB

€Fx = mBaB

(Fr)B = 100aB

98.1 = 100aB

aB = ......... = 0.981m/s²

(a) When P = 60N

From eqn (i)

aA = ......

= ....

aA = 1.01m/s²

aB = 0.98m/s²

(b) If P = 40N

From eqn(i)

aA = ..........

aA = -0.91m/s²

This is not possible as it's practically impossible in real life.

Since frictional force (i.e. 98.1N) is greater than tractive force (i.e. 2P = 2 x 40 = 80N)

Then we say that when P is 40N, the block doesn't slide from the cart (because the force is not
sufficient) thus, we conclude that they stick together when P = 40N

New FBD

(Diagram)

€Fx = max = (mA + mB)a

2P = (mA + mB)a

a = .......

a = 0.67m/s²

Note:

a = common acceleration of Block A and Cart B combined.

aA = aB = 0.67m/s²
Q 4.18 Example 18

FBD of the plate will slide without tipping about the front edge.

Without tipping: Without knocking down

(Diagram)

€Fy = 0

N - mg = 0

N = mg Newton

€MG = 0

P(½b - h) + N(½C) - Fr(½b) = 0

P(½b - h) + mg(½C) - μN(½b) = 0

P(½b - h) + mg(½C) - μmg(½b) = 0

½Ph - Ph + ½mgC - ½μmgb = 0

Ph = ½pb + ½mgC - ½μmgb

Ph = ½[pb + mg(c - b)]

h = .......

•: h = ....

FBD if the plate will slide without tipping about the rear edge.

(Diagram)
€Fy = 0

N - mg = 0

N = mg Newton

€MG = 0

Fr(½b) - p(½b - h) - N(½C) = 0

μN(½b) - p(½b - h) - mg(½C) = 0

μmg(½b) - p(½b - h) - mg(½C) = 0

½μmgb - ½pb + ph - ½mgC = 0

Ph = ½pb + ½mgC - ½μmgb

Ph = ½[pb + mg(C - μb)]

h = ........

Q 4.19 Example 19

FBD

(Diagram)

(a) At overturning (or without overturning) at front edge, R1 = 0 and h = b(given in the question)

FBD

(Diagram)
€Fy = 0

R2 - mg = 0

R2 = mg Newton

€MG = 0

-p(½b) + R2(½C) = 0

½pb = ½R2C

Pb = R2C

Pb = mgC

P = .......

(b) At overturning (or without overturning) at rear edge, R2 = 0 and h = 0 (given in the question)

FBD

(Diagram)

€Fy = 0

R1 - mg = 0

R1 - mg. Newton

€MG = 0

-P(½b) - R1(½C) = 0

½Pb = -½R1C

Pb = -R1C

Pb = -mgC
P = ........

Q 4.20 Example 20

FBD when L = 1

(Diagram)

€Fy = 0

Tcos∅1 - mg = 0

T x 0.97 - 2(9.81) = 0

T = .......... = 20.23N

Thus, when L = 1m,

T = 20.23N

To find the new diameter:

€Fn = man

T - mgcos∅1 = man

20.23 - 2(9.81)0.97 = 2an

1.1986 = 2an

an = 0.5993 m/s²

Recall,
an = ......

V = .....

V = ....

V = 0.39m/s

FBD when l = 0.5m

Note: an = constant = 0.5993m/s²

(Diagram)

The ..... illustrates a central force. This, Angular momentum is conserved.

.... = .....

r1mV1 = r2mV2

r1V1 = r2V2

r1 = 0.25m and V1 = 0.39m/s

r2V2 = 0.25 x 0.39

r2V2 = 0.0975

V2 = ........ ......................i

Recall,

an = ......

an = ....

V2 = ......

V2 = ....... ...............ii

Equating eqn i and ii

..... = .......
....

.....

0.5993r2³ = 0.00950625

r2 = .......

r2 = 0.21

Diameter = 2 x radius

= 2 x 0.21

d' = 0.42m

To find tension,

€Fy = 0

Tcos∅ - mg = 0

Tcos∅ = mg

...... = 2 x 9.81

0.91T = 19.62

T = ...... = 21.56

When L = 0.5,

T = 21.56N

Q 4.21 Example 21

Let's apply what we learnt in chapter three and Find the maximum height of the projectile first

Vox = 500cos45 = 353.55m/s

Voy = 500sin45 = 353.55m/s

ax = 0m/s²

ay = g = -9.81m/s²
Recall,

Vy = Voy + ayt (From chapter 3)

Vy = 353.55 - 9.81t

At maximum height, Vy = 0

So,

353.55 - 9.81t = 0

t = .......

t = 36.04sec

Recall also,

Y-Yo= Vyot + ½ayt²

y - yo = 353.55 x 36.04 + ½(-9.81) x (36.04)²

y - yo = 6370.93m

(Diagram)

Recall,

Ho = rmVxo ..............4.12

r = 6370.93m

m = 3kg

Vxo = 353.55m/s

Ho = 6370.93 x 3 x 353.55

= 6757326.905kgm²/s

Ho = 6.76 x 10... Kg-m²/s

Q 4.22 Example 22

(Diagram)

From eqn 4.25

.... =

but H = rmv, so we have

rmv2 = .....

Where,

r = 0.4m

m = 5kg

V2 = ?

V1 = 0m/s (at rest)

Mo = 3t N-s

F = P = 10N

t1 = 0sec

t2 = 4sec

t = t2 - t1 = 4-0 = 4sec

Substituting,

0.4 x 5 x V2 = 0.4 x 5 x 0 + ...... + (10 x 0.4 x 4)

2V2 = 0 + .... + 16
2V2 = 24 + 16

V2 = 20m/s

Q 4.23 Example 23

FBD

(Diagram)

Angular momentum = Ho = rmV

€Mo = mg(rsin∅)

Recall,

€Mo = Ho .......... 4.18

Then,

mg(rsin∅) = rmV

mg(rsin∅) = rm....

gsin∅ = ....

....

Q 4.24. example 24

FBD

(Diagram)
Let W1 = weight of the monkey = 98.1N

W2 = weight of the basket & its content = 78.48N

To distinguish between monkey & the rope

∆Srope = -∆Sbasket ..................i

Differentiating we have ;

∆Vrope = -∆Vbasket ...................ii

As the rope from the monkey side is coming down, the rope from the basket side is going up.

Vm/r = relative velocity of the monkey with respect to the rope.

Vm/r = Vm - Vr

Vm = Vr + Vm/r ....................iii

Vr = velocity of the rope = Vrope

Vm = Velocity of the monkey = Vm

Recall,

.........

Since they are monkey (m) and basket (b)

Thus, eqn 4.25 becomes:

..........

:;;::

Where

Mm2= 10kg

rm2 = 0.1m

Vm2 = Vm

M12 = 8kg
r12 = 0.1m

V12 = Vr

rm1 = 0.1m

mm1 = 10kg

Vm1 = 0m/s

rb1 = 0.1m

Mb1 = 8kg

Vb1 = 0m/s

Substituting,

[(0.1 x 10 x (-Vm)) + (0.1 x 8 x Vb)]

= [(0.1 x 10 x 0) + (0.1 x 8 x 0)] + [(10 x 9.81 x 0.1 x 3) - (8 x 9.81x0.1 x 3)]

-Vm + 0.8Vb = 5.886 ...................iv

Vm/r = 2 (given the question)

From eqn (iii) Vm = Vr + Vm/r

From eqn(ii) Vr = -Vb

Thus, eqn(iii) becomes :

Vm = -Vb + 2 ..................(v)

Put v into iv

-(-Vb+2) + 0.8Vb = 5.886

Vb - 2 + 0.8Vb = 5.886

1.8Vb = 7.886

Vb = 4.38m/s

Q 4.25 Example 25
Initial length of rope = b = r1

Initial vel = V1

Let Vel Four turn = V2

Length of rope after four b - 2πan

= b - 2πa(4)

= b - 8πa

Linear momentum is conserved

H1 = H2 ........... 4.28

mr1V1 = mr2v2

r1V1 = r2v2

V2 = ..........

V2 = .....

Dividing both sides by b,

V2 = .....

V2 = .......

Q 4.26 Example 26

Let Mp = mass of projectile = 180g = 0.18kg

Md = mass of disk = 0.96kg

Vp1 = initial velocity of the projectile = 3m/s

Vd1 = initial velocity of the disk = 0m/s

Vp2 = final velocity of the projectile = 1.5m/s

Vd2 = final velocity of the projectile = ?

Momentum is conserved

MpVp1 + MdVd1 = MpVp2 + MdVd2

0.18 x 3 + 0.96 x 0 = 0.18 x 1.5 + 0.96Vd2

0.54 = 0.27 + 0.96Vd2

Vd2 = .............

Vd2 = 0.28m/s

Q 4.27 Example 27

Let Mt = mass of the tug = 500-Mg = ......

= 500000kg

Mb = mass of the barge = 900-Mg = .....

= 900000kg

Note: the tug and barge are initially moving with a common velocity, V = 6 knots and 1 knot =
1.852km/hr

Thus,

V = 3.09m/s

Also note again:

As they are moving with a common velocity, winch gives the barge additional speed of 0.5m/s to draw it
closer to tug, thereby making the speed of the barge to be "reduced speed of tug + 0.5"

VT2 = Reduced speed of the tug = ? (I.e. final speed of the ring)

VB2 = final speed of the barge

= (VT2 + 0.5)
Momentum is conserved also,

(MT + MB)V = MTVT2 + MBVB2

(MT + MB)V = MTVT2 + MB(VT2 + 0.5)

(500000 + 900000) x 3.09 = 500000VT2 + 900000(VT2 + 0.5)

4326000 + 500000VT2 + 900000VT2 + 450000

1400000VT2 = 3876000

VT2 =

Q 4.28 Example 28

MT = 10Mg = .....

= 10000kg

MB = 240Mg = .....

= 240000kg

VT1 = 0m/s

VT = 0m/s

VT/B = 5km/hr (given also)

= 1.39m/s

Recall,

VT/B = VT - VB

VT = VT/B + VB

VT = 1.39 + VB

Momentum is conserved

MTVT1 + MBVB1 = MTVT + MBVB

(10000 x 0) + (240000 x 0) = 10000(1.39 + VB) + 240000VB

0 = 13900 + 10000VB + 240000VB

VB = -0.0556m/s

VB = 0.0556m/s or 0.2km/hr

Q 4.29 Example 29

MT = 10-Mg = 10000kg

MB = 250-Mg = 250000kg

VT1 = initial speed of track = 20km/he = 5.56m/s

VBO = initial speed of barge = 0m/s

VBT = final velocity of the barge (also known as common velocity of the barge and truck) = ?

Momentum is conserved

MTVT1 + MBVT1 = (MT + MB)VBT

(10000 x 5.56) + (250000 x 0) = (1000 + 250000)VBT

VBT = 0.214m/s

VBT = 0.21m/s or 0.77km/hr

Q 4.30 Example 30

Momentum is conserved in both x and y directions

MBT = 50g = 0.05kg

VBT = 600m/s

MBK = 4kg

VBK1 = 12m/s

At the time of impact the object look like this:

(Diagram)
Where :

V = common vel = ?

∅ = angle = ?

Conservation of momentum in x-direction

MBT(0) + MBK VBK1cos30 = (MBT + MBK)Vcos∅

0 + 4(12cos30) = (0.05 + 4)Vcos∅

41.5692 = 4.05Vcos∅

Vcos∅ = 10.264 ..................i

Conservation of momentum in y - direction

MBTVBT1 + MBKVBKsin30 = (MBT + MBK)Vsin∅

0.05 x 600 + 4(12sin30) = (0.05 + 4)Vsin ∅

54 = 4.05Vsin∅

Vsin∅ = 13.333 ................ii

Eqn(ii) ÷ eqn(i)

......

tan∅ = 1.2991

∅ = tan–¹(1.2991)

∅ = 52.42°

From eqn (ii)

Vsin∅ = 13.333

V = ........

V = 16.83m/s

V = 16.83m/s and ∅ = 52.4°

Q 4.31 Example 31
MA = MB = M

VA1= ?

Vel = 50km/hr = 13.89m/s

V' = ?

Momentum is conserved along x axis

-MBVB1 = -(MA+MB)V'sin30

-13.89m = -(m+m) x 0.5V'

13.89m = 2m x 0.5V'

13.89m = mV'

V' = 13.89m/s

Momentum is also conserved along y-axis

MAVA1= (MA + MB)V'cos30

mVA1 = (M+M)13.89cos30

mVA1 = 2m x 13.89cos30

mVA1 = 24.06m

VA1 = 24.06m/s

VA1 = 24.06m/s

Or

VA1 = 86.62km/hr

Q 4.32 Example 32

FBD

(Diagram)
Recall, MV2 = MV1 + ....... ............4.23

M = .......

V2 = 0m/s (since to bring the box to rest)

V1 = 6m/s

F = 3 + 4t

€F = Wsin20 - (3 + 4t)

€F = 20sin20 - (3 + 4t)

€F = 6.8404 - (3 + 4t)

Substituting all into eqn 4.23

MV2 = MV1 + ........

.......

0 = 12.2324 + ..........

0 = 12.2324 + .........

But t1 = 0

Then we have

0 = 12.2324 + 6.8404t2 - 3t2 - 2t2²

0 = 12.2324 + 3.8404t2 - 2t2²

0 = 6.1162 + 1.9202t2 - t2²

Solving equating quadratically,

t2 = - 1.6928 sec and

t12 = 3.6130

Time = 3.61sec