Read and comprehend the text below. Then, answer the questions from the lecturer.

SIGMUND FREUD (1856-1939)

(1856
Sigmund Freud was an Australian Doctor who explored the working of human mind.
He developed Psychoanalysis, which is both a way of treating ing neurosis, or mental
me
disturbances, and a theory of how the mind works.
Freud was born in Moravia, now part of
Czechoslovakia. When he was four, he was moved to Vienna,
Austria. Freud entered the university of Vienna when he was 17.
One day he attended a lecture on nature. He was so fascinated
that he made up his mind to become a doctor.
Freud became interested in diseases of the mind . In
1885, he won a fellowship to study in Paris under the guidance
of a doctor, Jean Martin Charcot, who was famous for his work
on this kind of diseases. The next year, Freud returned to
Vienna, married and began to treat diseases of the mind.
Freud has great insight into the human mind. He
thought that every pe
person
rson is born with certain needs,
needs such as
the need of food. These needs, he said, are unconscious-
unconscious people are not aware of thinking
about such needs. Freud named the part of the mind controlling these instinctive
unconscious need the id, and said that a person’s id operates to give pleasure.
Freud also said that,, as we grow up from infancy, we acquire an ego, a collection of
memories and thoughts that help us deal with the world around us. We continue to grow ,
and from the teaching of our family and society,
Glossary
we develop a superego- a conscience. Our
superego and id often push in opposite ways. Explore : observe
Our ego usually reduces this conflict by helping Neurosis : mental disorder
us to get pleasure without hurting our Disturbance : obstacle
conscience. Fascinated : interested
Diseases : illness
But if a person’s unconscious thoughts
Fellowship : scholarship
and needs are very strong, they may cause
Insight : knowledge
unusual behavior, or neurosis. Freud’s
Unconscious : not awake
treatment for neurosis is psychoanalysis
Pleasure : happiness
(examination of the mind), a method for
Infancy : experience
uncovering these unconscious thoughts and
Acquire : obtain
understanding how they cause problems.
Uncovering : find something
Freud’s thought that dreams-even
even dreams that
seem to make no sense
nse are very important clue
to understand the mind.
Taken from: Young students Learning Library, 1974