Microbes in Human

Human
32
CHAPTER
Welfare
Welfa re
1. Gobar gas contains mainly 11. A good fodder
(a) CH4 + CO2 (b) CH4 + O2 (a) contains high drymatter
(c) CO2 + H2 (d) CO2 + SO2 (b) is free from disease and pest
2. Antibiotics are mostly obtained from (c) has nutrient without toxicity
(a) fungi (b) actinomycetes (d) all of these
(c) cyanobacteria (d) (a) & (b) 12. Non-renewal energy gas is
3. Bioenergy is the energy obtained from (a) natural gas
(a) biological sources (b) coal (b) geothermal energy
(c) petroleum (d) natural gases (c) gobar gas
(d) biogas
4. The example of non-renewable source of energy is 13. The residue left after methane production from
(a) alcohol fuel (b) petroleum cattle dung is
(c) biogas (d) fuel wood (a) burnt
5. Beer is obtained from (b) burried in land fills
(a) molasses (b) grapes (c) used as manure
(c) barley (d) rye (d) used in civil construction
6. What are the advantage(s) of gobar gas over 14. Domestic cooking gas cylinder is filled with
conventional utilization ? (a) alcohol
(a) More efficient source of energy (b) diesel oil
(b) Used as good fertilizer (c) liquid petroleum gas
(c) Reduces the chances of spreading of (d) coal gas
pathogens 15. Which of the following is included in
(d) All the above biopesticide?
(a) Viruses and bacteria
7. Which is not a character of good fire wood ? (b) Viruses, bacteria and fungi
(a) Highly combustible (c) Viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and mites
(b) Soft wood (d) viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoa
(c) Non resinous and non smoky 16. Which one thing is not true about antibiotics?
(d) High caloric value (a) The term “antibiotic” was coined by Selman
8. Indicator of water pollution Waksman in 1942
(a) E. coli (b) Chlorella (b) First antibiotic was discovered by Alexander
(c) Beggiatoa (d) Ulothrix Flemming
9. Non-conventional energy source is (c) Each antibiotic is effective only against one
(a) tidal energy (b) biogas particular kind ofgerm
(c) geothermal energy (d) all of these (d) Some persons can be allergic to a particular
10. Petro-crops are plants antibiotic
(a) grown near oil fields 17. Which one of the following is non-symbiotic
(b) used in refining crude oil biofertilizer?
(c) whose fossil remains formed crude oil (a) Azotobacter (b) Anabaena
(d) from which petrol like fuels can be derived (c) Rhizobium (d) VAM
272 Question Bank-BIOLOGY
18. Farmers have reported over 50% higher yields 28. Conversion of sugar into alcohol during
of rice by using the biofertilizer fermentation is due to the direct action of
(a) Azolla pinnata (a) temperature
(b) Cyanobacteria (b) microorganisms
(c) Legume-Rhizobium symbiosis (c) zymase
(d) Mycorrhiza (d) concentration of sugar solution
19. The aquatic fern, which is an excellent 29. Rennin used in cheese industry is
biofertiliser is (a) antibiotic (b) enzyme
(a) Azolla (b) Salvinia (c) alkaloid (d) inhibitor
(c) Marsilia (d) Pteridium 30. Which one of the microorganism is used for
20. Which of the following is pair of bio-fertilizers? production of citric acid in industries
(a) Azolla and blue gree algae (a) Lactobacillus bulgaricus
(b) Nostoc and legumes (b) Penicillium citrinum
(c) Rhizobium and grasses (c) Aspergillus niger
(d) Salmonella and E. coli (d) Rhizopus nigricans
21. Two microbes found to be very useful in genetic 31. Which one of the following is used in the
engineering are
(a) Vibrio cholerae and a tailed bacteriophage manufacture of alcohol ?
(b) Diplococcus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. (a) Bacteria (b) Water mould
(c) Crown gall bacterium and Caenorhabditis (c) Yeast (d) Slime mould
elegans 32. Which one of the following is used in industrial
(d) Escherichia coli and Agrobacterium preparation of ethanol ?
tumefaciens (a) Lactobacillius (b) Azotobacter
22. Human insulin is being commercially produced (c) Penicillium (d) Saccharomyces
from a transgenic species of 33. Biogas consists of
(a) Escherichia (b) Mycobacterium (a) carbon monoxide, methane and hydrogen
(c) Rhizobium (d) Saccharomyces (b) carbon dioxide, methane and hydrogen
23. A common biocontrol agent for the control of (c) carbon monoxide, ethane and hydrogen
plant diseases is (d) carbon dioxide, ethane and hydrogen
(a) Frankia 34. First fermented acid is
(b) Bacillus thuringiensis (a) gluconic acid (b) lactic acid
(c) Glomus (c) fumaric acid (d) all the above
(d) Trichoderma 35. Which is not a character of good antibiotic ?
24. The common nitrogen fixer in paddy fields is (a) No side effects for host
(a) Rhizobium (b) Azospirillum (b) Destroy microflora of alimentary canal of
(c) Oscillatoria (d) Frankia host
25. Which one of the following is not used in (c) Broad spectrum antibiotics
organicfarming? (d) Immediate reaction
(a) Glomus (b) Earthworm 36. What is mode of bacterial resistance against
(c) Oscillatoria (d) Snail antibiotics ?
26. Which one of the following help in absorption
of phosphorus from soil by plants? (a) Development ofthick mucilaginous layer
(a) Glomus (b) Rhizobium (b) Alteration of cell membrane
(c) Frankia (d) Anabaena (c) Mutation in bacteria
27. Which one of the following is a wrong matching (d) All the above
of a microbe and its industrial product, while the 37. Cheese and yoghurt are products of
remaining three are correct ? (a) pasteurisation (b) distillation
(a) Yeast - statins (c) dehydration (d) fermentation
(b) Acetobacter aceti - acid 38. Sewage purification by
(c) Clostridium butylicum - lactic acid (a) microbes (b) fertilizers
(d) Aspergillus niger - citric acid (c) antibiotics (d) plants
Microbes in Human Welfare 273
39. Which one produce gas by decomposing the 49. Fuel wood is
gobar (dung) in gobar gas ? (a) source of petroleum products
(a) Fungus (b) renewable resource of energy
(b) Virus (c) source of biogas
(c) Methanogenic bacteria (d) source of alcohol
(d) Algae 50. The vitamin whose content increases following
40. Escherichia coli is used as an indicator organism the conversion of milk into curd by lactic acid
to determine pollution of water with bacteria is
(a) heavy metals (a) vitamin C (b) vitamin D
(b) faecal matter (c) vitamin B12 (d) vitamin E
(c) industrial effluents 51. Wastewater treatment generates a large quantity
(d) pollen of aquatic plants of sludge, which can be treated by
41. During anaerobic digestion of organic waste, (a) digesters (b) activated sludge
such as in producing biogas, which one of the (c) chemicals (d) oxidation pond
following is left undergraded ? 52. Match the following list of bacteria and their
(a) Lipids (b) Lignin commercially important products
Bacterium Product
(c) Hemi-cellulose (d) Cellulose (A) Aspergillus niger (p) Lactic acid
42. With the exception of water, which one of the (B) Acetobacter aceti (q) Butyric acid
following is possibly the most important (C) Clostridium (r) Acetic acid
accessory chemical substance in industrial butylicum
process ? (D) Lactobacillus (s) Citric acid
(a) Petroleum (b) Rubber Choose the correct match
(c) Ethanol (d) Liquid nitrogen (a) A ® q, B ® r, C ® s, D ® p
43. Biogas can be a good substitute for (b) A ® p, B ® r, C ® s, D ® q
(a) fuel wood (b) petroleum and oil (c) A ® s, B ® r, C ® q, D ® p
(c) coal (d) charcoal (d) A ® q, B ® s, C ® r, D ® p
44. Major autotrophic biomass in oceans is 53. Mycorrhiza does not help the host plant in
contributed by (a) enhancing its phosphorus uptake capacity
(a) forests (b) increasing its tolerance to drought
(b) algae and phytoplanktons (c) enhancing its resistance to root pathogens
(c) crops (d) increasing its resistance to insects
(d) none of these 54. Which one is the most important role of micro
45. Energy plantation refers to organism for the well - beings of humans?
(a) setting up new electricity plants (a) sewage treatment
(b) growth of fuel wood trees (b) production of methane
(c) manufacture of more generators (c) biological control of plant diseases
(d) erection of more dams (d) conversion of milk to curd
46. What type of fuel are coal, petrol and natural 55. Activated sludge should have the ability to
gas ? settle quickly so that it can
(a) be rapidly pumped back from sedimentation
(a) Biofuels (b) Electrical fuels tank to aeration tank
(c) Fossil fuels (d) Liquid fuels (b) absorb pathogenic bacteria present in waste
47. The fuel wood crisis can be overcome by water while sinking to the bottom of the
(a) Efficient forest extractions settling tank
(b) Afforestation (c) be discarded and anaerobically digested
(c) More efficient heat transfer (d) absorb colloidal organic matter
(d) A combination of these 56. The term antibiotic was coined by
48. In developing countries, the heaviest demand (a) Alexander Flemming
on forests is for (b) S. Waksman
(a) fuel wood (b) furniture wood (c) Louis Pasteur
(c) fruits (d) none of these (d) Edward Jenner
274 Question Bank-BIOLOGY
57. Biogas is produced by anaerobic breakdown of 67. Which one of the following is not true about
biomass of agricultural waste by methanogenic antibiotics?
bacteria. It is a (a) First antibiotic was discovered by
(a) one step process Alexander Flemming.
(b) two steps process (b) The term ‘antibiotic’ was coined by S.
(c) three steps process Waksman in 1942.
(d) multi steps process (c) Some persons can be allergic to a particular
58. Mechanism of action of antibiotics are antibiotic.
(a) disruption of cell wall (d) Each antibiotic is effective only against one
(b) inhibition of DNA/RNA synthesis particular kind of germ.
(c) disruption of plamalemma 68. Select the correct statement from the following.
(d) All the above (a) Methanobacterium is an aerobic bacterium
59. Saccharomyces is used in the formation of found in rumen of cattle.
(a) ethanol (b) methanol (b) Biogas commonly called gobar gas is pure
(c) acetic acid (d) antibiotics methane.
60. Maximum utilization of biotechnological (c) Activated sludge sediment in settlement
techniques has been made in the field of tanks of sewage treatment plants is rich
(a) industries (b) medicines source of aerobic bacteria.
(c) agriculture (d) biogas production (d) Biogas is produced by the activity of
61. Which one of the following bacterial groups are aerobic bacteria on animal waste.
exploited in biogas production ? 69. Statement-1 : Vitamins B2 is found in cereals,
(a) Methogens (b) Methanotrophs green vegetables, brewer's yeast, egg white, milk
(c) Organotrophs (d) Eubacteria and liver.
62. Mycorrhiza promotes plant growth by
(a) absorbing inorganic ions from soil Statement-2 : It can be commercially produced
(b) helping the plants in utilizing atmospheric by some yeasts.
nitrogen (a) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True,
(c) protecting the plant from infection Statement-2 is a correct explanation for
(d) serving as plant growth regulator Statement -1
63. Which one is a neem product used as insect (b) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True ,
repellent ? Statement-2 is not a correct explanation for
(a) Azadirachtin (b) Rotenone Statement - 1
(c) Parathione (d) Endrin (c) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
64. Petro-crops are plants (d) Both the Statements are False.
(a) grown near oil fields 70. Which one is wrongly matched?
(b) used in refining crude oil (a) Yeast – Ethanol
(c) whose fossil remains formed crude oil (b) Streptomyces – Antibiotics
(d) from which petrol like fuels can be derived (c) Lactobacillus - Beer
65. Biofuels are (d) Methanogens – Gobar gas
(a) renewable 71. Find out the pairs, which are correctly matched
(b) orthodox Column-I Column-II
(c) pollution producing A. Cyanobacteria I. Biopesticides
(d) organic wastes B. Mycorrhiza II. Solubilization of
66. Sewage treatment process in which part of phosphate
decomposer bacteria is recycled into starting of C. Bacillus III. Cry protein
the process is called thuringiensis
(a) cyclic treatment D. Single cell protein IV. Rhizobia
(b) primary treatment
(c) tertiary treatment (a) A and II (b) C and III
(d) activated sludge treatment (c) C and IV (d) A and III
Microbes in Human Welfare 275
72. Name the blank spaces A, B, C and D given in the following table
Type of Microbe Scientific Name Commercial Product
Bacterium A Clot buster enzyme
B Aspergillus niger Citric acid
Fungus Trichoderma polysporum C
Bacterium D Butyric acid
(a) A – Streptococcus, B – Fungus, C – Cyclosporin-A, D – Clostridium butylicum
(b) A – Clostridium butylicum, B – Streptococcus, C – Fungus, D – Cyclosporin-A
(c) A – Cyclosporin-A, B - Clostridium butylicum, C – Streptococcus, D – Fungus
(d) A – Fungus, B – Cyclosporin-A, C – Clostridium butylicum, D - Streptococcus
73. Following is the sewage treatment. In which of the following options, correct word for all the four numbers
(1,2,3 and 4) are indicated -

(a) 1 – Large aeration tanks, 2 – Chemically agitation, 3 – High, 4 – Anaerobic

(b) 1 – Large aeration tanks, 2 – Mechanically agitation, 3 – Low, 4 – Anaerobic
(c) 1 – Large aeration tanks, 2 – Chemically agitation, 3 –Low, 4 – Aerobic
(d) 1 – Large aeration tanks, 2 – Mechanically agitation, 3 – High, 4 – Anaerobic
74. Choose the correct sequence of microbes involved in biogas production
(a) Fragmentative microbes, decomposers methanogens.
(b) Decomposers, methanogens, putrefying microbes.
(c) Putrefying microbes, methanogens, saprophytic microbes.
(d) Decomposers, fermentative microbes, methanogens.
75. What would happen if oxygen availability to activated sludge flocs is reduced?
(a) It will slow down the rate ofdegradation of organic matter.
(b) The center of flocs will become anoxic, which would cause death of bacteria and eventually breakage
of flocs.
(c) Flocs would increase in size as anaerobic bacteria would grow around flocs.
(d) Protozoa would grow in large numbers.
ANSWER KEY
1 (a) 11 (d) 21 (d) 31 (c) 41 (b) 51 (d) 61 (a) 71 (b)
2 (d) 12 (a) 22 (a) 32 (d) 42 (a) 52 (c) 62 (a) 72 (a)
3 (a) 13 (c) 23 (d) 33 (b) 43 (a) 53 (d) 63 (a) 73 (b)
4 (b) 14 (c) 24 (b) 34 (b) 44 (b) 54 (c) 64 (d) 74 (d)
5 (c) 15 (c) 25 (d) 35 (b) 45 (b) 55 (a) 65 (a) 75 (b)
6 (d) 16 (c) 26 (a) 36 (d) 46 (c) 56 (b) 66 (d)
7 (b) 17 (a) 27 (c) 37 (d) 47 (a) 57 (c) 67 (d)
8 (a) 18 (a) 28 (c) 38 (a) 48 (a) 58 (a) 68 (c)
9 (d) 19 (a) 29 (b) 39 (c) 49 (a) 59 (a) 69 (b)
10 (d) 20 (a) 30 (c) 40 (b) 50 (c) 60 (b) 70 (c)
276
HINTS & SOLUTIONS
1. (a) Gobar gas contains mainly CH4 + CO2.
16. (c) ‘Each antibiotic is effective only against one
particular kind of germ’ is not correct.
17. (a) Azotobacter is a free living nitrogen fixing
bacterium, Rhizobium is symbiotic and found in the
root nodules of leguminous plants, Anabaena occurs
in assoction with Azolla. VAM is vesicular arbuscular
mycorrhiza.
18. (a) Farmers have reported over 50% higher yields of
rice by using the biofertilizer Azolla.
19. (a) Azolla is a freshwater fern harbouring a bluegreen
alga - Anabaena in its leaf cavities. The alga fixes
atmospheric nitrogen and releases nitrogenous
compounds in leaf cavities. This symbiotic system is
the main source of algal biofertilizer in rice fields.
20. (a) Azolla and blue green algae- Anabaena form
biofertilizer in rice fields.
21. (d) Escherichia coli is a bacterium found in human
colon. On this bacterium, scientists have made
extensive genetic experiments to make some vital
chemicals like insulin. Another bacterium is
Agrobacterium tumefaciens which causes crown gall
in plants is extensively used for genetic experiments.
22. (a) Human insulin is being commercially produced from
a transgenic species of Escherichia coli. E. coliis a bacterium
that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm
blooded animals. The bacteria can also be grown easily
and its genetics are comparatively simple and easily
manipulated, making it one of the best studied
prokaryotic model organisms, and an important
species in biotechnology.
23. (d) A common biocontrol agent for control of plant
diseases is Trichoderma. Trichoderma is a tree living
fungus that exerts biocontrol over several plant
pathogens for the control of plant diseases. It is the
natural method of pest and pathogen control.
24. (b) The common nitrogen fixer in paddy field is
Azospirillum. It is an anaerobic bacteria that forms
loose association with roots of paddy crops.
25. (d) Organic farming involves use of organic wastes
and other biological materials along with beneficial
microbes to release nutrients to crop to increase the
soil fertility in an ecofriendly, and pollution free
environment. Glomus, earthworm and Oscillatoria can
be used in organic farming while snail cannot.
26. (a) Glomus aggregatum is a mycorrhizal fungus used
as a soil inoculant in agriculture and horticulture. Its
purpose is to increase the surface area of roots for
nutrient absorption like phosphorus.
27. (c) Clostridium butylicum industrially produces
butyric acid.
33. (b) Biogas consists of carbon dioxide, methane and
hydrogen.
Question Bank-BIOLOGY
40. (b) Escherichia coli is used as an indicator organism
to determine pollution of water with faecal matter.
45. (b) Energy plantation mean grow more trees for fuel
wood, solar energy stored, safe ecologically, renewable
etc.
48. (a) Wood which is used as source of energy is called
fuel wood and about 2 billions people in world are
dependent upon wood as a source of fuel.
60. (b) Modern biotechnology has the potential to make
the 21st century an era of the most profound and wide
ranging progress in the history of medicine. Compared
the advent of antibiotics, which created a revolution
in the treatment of infections caused by bacteria to
advances in genetic science have the potential to create
a revolution in the diagnosis and treatment of many
diseases and inherited disorders.
61. (a) Conversion of organic acid into CH4 gas by activity
of methanogenic bacteria (anaerobes).
65. (a) Biofuels are biological origin, which is a major
source of energy. They are renewable and used
properly and efficiently.
68. (c) Activated sludge sediment in settlement tanks
of sewage treatment plants is rich source of aerobic
bacteria. Anaerobic bacteria digest the bacteria and
fungi in the sludge by producing gases like methane,
hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide. These gases
form biogas.
69. (b) Besides cereals, green vegetables, brewer's yeast,
egg white, vitamin B2 is also produced by intestinal
bacteria. The vitamin was first obtained in 1938 using
wild strain of mould Ashbhya gossypii. Vitamin B2 is
essential for normal growth and reproduction in a
number of laboratory animals.
70. (c) Curd contains numerous lactic acid bacteria
(LAB) or Lactobacillus. These bacteria produce acids
(lactic acid) that coagulate and digest milk proteins.
73. (b) The primary effluent is passed into large aeration
tanks and mechanically agitated to allow vigorous
growth of useful aerobic microbes into flocs.These
microbes consume the major part of the organic matter
in the effluent. This significantly reduces the BOD
(Biochemical Oxygen Demand) of the effluent. Once
the BOD of sewage water is reduced significantly, the
effluent is then passed into a settling tank where the
bacterial ‘flocs’ are allowed to sediment. This sediment
is called Activated sludge.A small part of the activated
sludge is pumped back into the aeration tank to serve
as the inoculum.The remaining major part of the sludge
is pumped into large tanks called anaerobic sludge
digesters. Here, some anaerobic bacteria digest the
bacteria and fungi in the sludge by producing gases
like methane, hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide.
These gases form biogas.