Creating A Node Connection For Scaffolding and Studying Its Stress-Strain State by Means of A Full-Scale Test

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
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Creating a node connection for scaffolding and studying its stress-strain

state by means of a full-scale test
To cite this article: Evgeny Derevyanko et al 2020 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 890 012043
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This content was downloaded from IP address 105.107.159.216 on 08/05/2021 at 22:46

STCCE-2020 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 890 (2020) 012043 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/890/1/012043
Creating a node connection for scaffolding and studying its

stress-strain state by means of a full-scale test
Evgeny Derevyanko1[0000-0002-7532-6887], Gennady Shmelev1 [0000-0001-6472-9413], Lenar
Khaidarov1 [0000-0003-2662-6020], Anatoliy Antonov1 [0000-0001-6750-4172] and Ilshat
Galimullin1[0000-0001-7920-9920]
1
Kazan State University of Architecture and Engineering, Kazan, Russia
E-mail: e.guliash@yandex.ru
Abstract. The article presents the results of the analysis of the stress-strain state of the
developed jointing node of construction scaffolding (spatial rod temporary structures), since
nodal connections are often the weakest elements of such temporary structures. The analysis of
the stress-strain state of the node was performed on the basis of a full-scale experiment. The
study revealed the most stressed zones in the node structure, as well as the causes of node
destruction. Nodes are well known to be the weakest elements of scaffolding. It often happens
that structural elements are more stable than the connections between them. Mobile spatial rod
structures are very popular in construction at the present time. These structures are used for the
construction of ski jumps, stands, stages and scaffolding. They are also used as support
scaffolding to support the formwork of floorings. Therefore, the development of new nodal
solutions, increasing the bearing capacity of nodal joints and studying their stress-strain state
under various loads is a very important task.
Keywords: structures, node, stress-strain state, scaffolding, experimental study.
1 Introduction
The purpose of the work is to develop a connecting node of steel construction scaffolding of wedge
type (spatial rod temporary structures) and to study its stress-strain state.
Currently, stands with a canopy, stage structures are widely used as temporary structures for sports
and entertainment events [1-6]. Nodal connections are often the weakest elements of such temporary
structures [7-12]. Nodal connections of scaffolding have a complex stress-strain state [13-18]. Nodes
are subject to extreme deformations [19-22]. That is why the study of the stress-strain state of a newly
developed nodal joint is the subject of research.
We consider the following newly developed node connection: the crossbar (horizontal element) is
connected to the rack using a wedge inserted into the holes of the two flanges and the crossbar tip.
This node can later be used for connecting the crossbar and the rack of mobile spatial rod structures, in
particular, scaffolding. The node connection during operation must perceive compressive and tensile
forces, as well as moments in the horizontal and vertical planes.
2 Methods
2.1 Node testing. Loading system. Tensometry
A cantilever test was performed to determine the actual stress state of the node, its operation and load
capacity.
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution
of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd 1
Figure 1. General view of the test facility.
The tested node is shown in Figure 2.

Loading was performed by two hydraulic jacks in the vertical direction. The bending moment in
the node is created by the shoulder between the axis of action of the loading force and the axis of the
rack in 255 mm. The stability of the bending moment shoulder when turning the node during the test
was provided by centering heads on the jacks rods. The load was transmitted to the crossbar pipe via
distribution plates. To avoid bending the node in the horizontal plane, guide elements were installed
on both sides of the crossbar. Load values were determined by force meters installed under the jacks.
The force meter readings were transmitted to a digital display and data collection system.
2
Figure 2. Diagram of the tested node.
The voltage measurement in the node elements was performed using BF 350-3AA (11) strain gages
with a resistance of 300 Ohms. The placement of strain gages is shown in Figures 4 – 6. The strain
gages were connected to the data collection system.
3
Figure 3. The scheme of loading system.
4
Figure 4. Arrangement of strain gages (T1...T12) on the post and flanges.
Figure 5. Arrangement of strain gages (Т13…Т18) on the crossbar.
Figure 6. Arrangement of strain gages (Т19, Т20) on the wedge element.
2.2 Measurement of movement

To assess the stiffness of the node during the test, the measurement of the rotation of the node under
the action of a bending moment was performed. Determining the angle of rotation of the node was
performed by two pairs of potentiometers. Potentiometers PM1 and PM4 showed the vertical
movement of the crossbar at distances of 65 mm and 515 mm from the axis of the post, which
determined the angle of rotation of the crossbar. Potentiometers PM2 and PM3 determined the rotation
of the post through an auxiliary U-shaped element welded to the upper flange. The potentiometers
were connected to the data acquisition system.
5
Figure 7. The layout of the potentiometers for measuring of rotation angles.
3 Results and discussion

3.1 Initial tension when driving a wedge
At the beginning of the experiment, the initial tension in the elements when driving the wedge were
determined. Scoring was performed in two blows with a hammer. The tensions in the node elements
are shown in Figures 8 – 13.
3
Tension, MPa
2
1
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
-1
Number of the reading
1 2 3 4
Figure 8. Tensions in the post.
6
20
Tension, MPa
10
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
-10
5 6 7 8
Figure 9. Tensions in the upper flange.

100
Tension, MPa
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
-100
-200
9 10 11 12
Figure 10. Tensions in the lower flange.

60
40
Tension, MPa
20
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
-20
-40
13 14 15 16
Figure 11. Tensions at the tip of the crossbar element.

2
Tension, MPa
0
-2 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
-4
-6
-8
17 18
7
Figure 12. Tensions at the tube of the crossbar element

10
Tension, MPa
0
-10 0 500 1000 1500
-20
-30
19 20
Figure 13. Tensions at the wedge element.
According to the readings of strain gages after driving the wedge, there are tensions of 13 MPa in the
upper flange, 93 MPa in the lower flange, and 21 MPa in the wedge.
3.2 Cyclic loading

Since the node can experience bending moments in two directions during operation and, consequently,
certain looseness may occur, a cyclic variable loading of the node with a bending moment of 1275
kg×cm, 10 % of the expected load capacity, was performed before the main loading. The value of the
load in the jacks was 50 kg. The graph of the node work under cyclic loading is shown in Figure 14.
1500
1000
Bending moment, kg×cm
500
0
-3,00 -1,00 1,00 3,00 5,00 7,00
-500
-1000
-1500
Rotation angle, 0.001 rad
Figure 14. Graph of rotation angle – bending moment under cyclic loading for different cycles.
3.3 Main loading

After cyclic loading, the node was loaded with vertical force down to destruction. The bearing
capacity of the node for bending - 6350 kg×cm was determined by the moment of development of
large plastic deformations in the wedge. The stresses in the node elements during loading are shown in
Figures 15 – 20.
8
100
Tension, MPa
50
0
-50
-100 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
1 2 3 4
Figure 15. Tensions in the post.
150
Tension, MPa
100
50
0
-50
0 2000 4000 6000

5 6 7 8
Figure 16. Tensions in the upper flange.
100
50
Tension, MPa
0
-50
-100
-150 0 2000 4000 6000
9 10 11 12
Figure 17. Tensions in the lower flange.
9
100
Tension, MPa
50
-50 0 2000 4000 6000

13 14
Figure 18. Tensions at the tip of the crossbar element.
100
Tension, MPa
50
0
-50
-100
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
17 18
Figure 19. Tensions at the tube of the crossbar element.

0
-50
Tension, MPa
-100
-150
-200
-250
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

19 20
Figure 20. Tensions at the wedge element.
10
25000
20000
Moment, kg×cm 15000
10000
5000
0
0 20 40 60 80 100
Turn, *10^(-3) rad
Figure 21. Dependency graph: turn – bending moment.
a) b)
Figure 22. Photo illustrations after the test: a - general view of the node; b – wedge element.
4 Conclusions
As a result of the experiment, it was found that:
1) At the stage of driving the wedge, significant stresses occur in the elements: in the lower flange
– 93 MPa, in the upper flange-13 MPa, in the wedge-21 MPa;
2) With the accepted sizes and materials of elements, if there is a significant margin in the other
elements, the bearing capacity of the node is limited by a wedge.
For more complete use of the bearing capacity of the node, it is necessary to increase the bearing
capacity of the wedge by increasing the height of the U-shaped crossbar head, increasing the strength
class of steel or the thickness of the wedge.
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13

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering

PAPER • OPEN ACCESS

Creating a node connection for scaffolding and studying its stress-strain

View the article online for updates and enhancements.

This content was downloaded from IP address 105.107.159.216 on 08/05/2021 at 22:46

Creating a node connection for scaffolding and studying its

Figure 1. General view of the test facility.

The tested node is shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2. Diagram of the tested node.

Figure 3. The scheme of loading system.

Figure 4. Arrangement of strain gages (T1...T12) on the post and flanges.

Figure 5. Arrangement of strain gages (Т13…Т18) on the crossbar.

Figure 6. Arrangement of strain gages (Т19, Т20) on the wedge element.

2.2 Measurement of movement

Figure 7. The layout of the potentiometers for measuring of rotation angles.

3 Results and discussion

Figure 8. Tensions in the post.

Figure 9. Tensions in the upper flange.

Figure 10. Tensions in the lower flange.

Figure 11. Tensions at the tip of the crossbar element.

Figure 12. Tensions at the tube of the crossbar element

Figure 13. Tensions at the wedge element.

3.2 Cyclic loading

3.3 Main loading

Figure 15. Tensions in the post.

Bending moment, kg×cm

Figure 16. Tensions in the upper flange.

Figure 17. Tensions in the lower flange.

-50 0 2000 4000 6000

Figure 19. Tensions at the tube of the crossbar element.

Bending moment, kg×cm

Figure 20. Tensions at the wedge element.

Moment, kg×cm 15000

Figure 21. Dependency graph: turn – bending moment.

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