Module 5 Stem Inquiries

Inquiries, Investigation, and Immersion (STEM)
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600

Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Grade Level/Section: STEM-12
Email: email@uc-bcf.edu.ph; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph
MODULE 5 Inquiries Subject Teacher:
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE (ANOVA) IN EXCEL
A. INTRODUCTION
What is ANOVA?
• Analytical tool and technique employed by researchers to make a comparison between more
than two populations and help in performing simultaneous tests.
• ANOVA can be used to determine if there is a statistically significant difference between the
means of groups, due to some influence factor.
• In the context of ANOVA, an influence factor is an independent treatment variable that an
experimenter can control and/or vary, which may or may not result in significant differences in
means. Examples of possible factors include temperature, solvent polarity, catalyst, location,
method of analysis, diet or drug treatments.
ONE WAY ANOVA vs TWO WAY ANOVA
COMPARISON ONE WAY ANOVA TWO WAY ANOVA

Meaning A hypothesis test used to test Statistical technique wherein
the equality of three or more the interaction between
population means factors influencing variable can
simultaneously using variance. be studied.
Independent variable One Two
Ex. Researcher may be studying Ex. Researcher may want to
how background noise affects the determine whether the brand of
way students learn. laundry detergent used and
temperature affects the amount
of dirt remove from laundry
(involves multiple variables).
Compares Three or more levels of one Effect of multiple levels of two
factor factors
Number of observations Need not to be same in each Need to be equal in each
group group
Design of experiments Need to satisfy only two All three principles needs to
principles, i.e. Replication be satisfied. i.e. replication,
and randomization randomization and local
control.
One-way ANOVA looks at the effects of one factor.
The null and the alternative hypotheses for one-way ANOVA can be stated as follows:
• Null Hypothesis (H0): There is no difference in the means due to a factor. Using mathematical
expressions, we can express H0 as: µ1 = µ2 = µ3 … = µn
• Alternative Hypothesis (H1): There is a significance difference in the means due to a factor.
• The calculation of the F-statistic, which is simply the ratio of the variation between sample
means to the variation within the samples, is the basis of ANOVA calculations. The higher this
ratio, the weaker the evidence supporting H0.
Comparing t-Test with ANOVA: The t-test is a robust test for detecting a statistical difference in means
between two populations that are normally distributed. When you are analyzing more than two
groups, it is strongly recommended to analyze your data using ANOVA instead. Using multiple t-
tests increases the chances of making a Type I error (incorrect rejection of a true H0!)
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
B. OBJECTIVES
In this module, the students will…

• Construct null and alternative hypotheses for the possible outcome of the research.
• Apply the concept of ANOVA in analyzing the data obtained from the experiment scenario.
• Perform the procedures in conducting ANOVA on Microsoft Excel.
• Interpret results of an experiment scenario by providing a summary report.
• Recognize the difference of using ANOVA with other tests in determining statistically significant
difference in research data.
C. PRE-REQUISITES
• Statistics and Probability
D. TIME FRAME
• 4 weeks
E. MATERIALS NEEDED
• Microsoft Excel
F. PROCEDURES
NOTE: You will need to enable first the “Data Analysis” feature on Excel for this part, visit the link to see
detailed procedure if not yet installed: (https://www.educba.com/anova-in-excel/).
SAMPLE Problem 1: (ONE WAY ANOVA)

A pharmacology research laboratory is testing the effect of four drug candidates on the
concentration of nitric oxide (NO) in rat plasma (n = 12). The data for the quantification of NO, in
µmol/L, is displayed below. Determine if the treatments result in a significant change to the
concentration of NO in rat plasma. (α = 0.05)
Solution: One-Way ANOVA on Excel:
Step 1: Enable “Data Analysis” on Excel. If it’s already enabled, you can skip Step 1.
Step 2: Tabulate your data on a completely empty spreadsheet as shown below
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
Step 3: Select the “Data” tab > Click “Data Analysis” > Click “Anova: Single Factor” > Press OK
Step 4: Click the highlighted box
Step 5: Highlight your data, starting at the top left corner and ending at the bottom right corner of your
data as shown below. Exclude the labels.
Step 6: Set your significance level (α) under “Alpha:”
The default setting is “Alpha: 0.05”. Since α = 0.05, we will leave the “Alpha:” box as it is.
Step 7: Select the circle to the left of “Output Range:”
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
Step 8: Click the highlighted box to the right of “Output Range:”
Step 9: Choose an empty cell on your spreadsheet. Bear in mind that Excel will generate the results
on a 7×17 area so an area of that size to the bottom right of your chosen cell must also be empty.
Step 10: Click the highlighted box
Step 11: Press “OK”
Result: Excel should generate the table shown below
Our p-value is 0.00281. Excel also shows you the F-statistic.
Interpretation of the result (Problem 1)
We performed the test at a significance level (α) of 0.05. If you obtain a p-value greater than
0.05, that means there is no statistically significant difference between the means due to a factor.
However, in the example shown above, we obtained a p-value of 0.00281, which is lower than 0.05,
meaning there is a statistically significant difference (we reject H0!).
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
Since p ≤ 0.05, we have strong statistical evidence that the factor (treatment) has an effect
(concentration of NO in rat plasma) that is likely not due to chance and we may reject H0. We may
also state that since p ≤ 0.05, there is a statistically significant difference in the mean concentrations
of NO in rat plasma due to the drug treatments (we accept H1!).
G. RESEARCH SCENARIO:
1. An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of polypropylene fibers on the compressive
strength of concrete. Five levels of fiber content were used in the completely randomized
experiment, with each fiber level having three replications. The resulting data are given below.
Compressive Fiber Content (%)

Strength (ksi) 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
R1 7.8 7.9 7.4 7.0 5.9
R2 7.4 7.5 6.9 6.7 5.8
R3 7.2 7.3 6.3 6.4 5.6
a) Complete the table by computing the mean compressive strength of the concrete
incorporated with the indicated proportion of polypropylene fibers.
b) Conduct a statistical analysis on the effect of polypropylene fibers on the compressive strength
of the concrete.
c) Interpret the result of the statistical treatment.
2. The tensile strength of Portland cement is being studied. Four different mixing techniques can be
used economically. The following data have been collected:
Mixing
Tensile Strength (lb/in2)
Technique
1 3129 3000 2865 2890
2 3200 3300 2975 3150
3 2800 2900 2985 3050
4 2600 2700 2600 2765
a) Construct a graphical display comparing the mean tensile strengths for the four mixing
techniques.
b) Test at 𝛼 = 0.05 that the mixing techniques affected the tensile strength of the Portland cement.
c) Interpret the result of the statistical treatment.
3. The tensile strength of a paper product is related to the amount of hardwood in the pulp of a plant.
Ten samples were produced in the pilot plant and the data obtained are shown in the table.
Tensile Strength 160 171 175 182 184 181 188 193 195 200
Percent Hardwood 10 15 15 20 20 20 25 25 28 30
a) Construct a scatter plot of the data to aid the interpretation of the relation between tensile
strength and amount of hardwood.)
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
H. OUTPUT
1. Follow the template given by your Inquiries adviser (Template from module 1)
2. Introduction
- Write your introduction
- Include here your research objectives
- Include here also your possible research outcome by stating your null and alternative
hypotheses
3. Methodology
- Discuss the type of research/test of this activity
- Briefly discuss the procedures conducted
4. Results and Discussion
- Follow the order as in your SOPs
- Interpretation of the ANOVA table
- Interpretation of your hypotheses
- Implications of the results supported by literatures
5. Conclusion
6. References
- Include all your references especially literatures you used in the Introduction
7. Appendices
- Initial and final pictures of weight of the participants. Students doing the workout. BMI
computations, Training programs, participants’ agreement form.
I. SCORING RUBRIC
Teacher’s Evaluation 1 2 3 4
1. Over-all paper impression (grammar, vocabulary, technical format,…)
2. Introduction (literatures presented, objectives of the study, …)
3. There is a thorough discussion of research design, selection…
4. Appropriate data gathering procedures and data treatment are presented.
5. The results gathered or expected results are relevant and logical.
6. Suitable tables and/or figures were used to present results.
7. Discussions are very comprehensive and logical.
8. Conclusions and Recommendations are aligned to the objectives of the study.
9. Proper referencing is observed and appendices (raw data, data treatment) are included.
10. Over-all quality of the study.
SCORING (to be filled up by the panel)
Number of Marks
Multiplied by the column score 1 2 3 4
Total Score
Sum of Total Scores =______/40

Module 5 Stem Inquiries

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Module 5 Stem Inquiries

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Inquiries, Investigation, and Immersion (STEM)

Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600

MODULE 5 Inquiries Subject Teacher:

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE (ANOVA) IN EXCEL

ONE WAY ANOVA vs TWO WAY ANOVA

COMPARISON ONE WAY ANOVA TWO WAY ANOVA

MODULE 5 Inquiries Subject Teacher:

In this module, the students will…

SAMPLE Problem 1: (ONE WAY ANOVA)

Solution: One-Way ANOVA on Excel:

MODULE 5 Inquiries Subject Teacher:

Step 4: Click the highlighted box

Step 6: Set your significance level (α) under “Alpha:”

MODULE 5 Inquiries Subject Teacher:

Step 8: Click the highlighted box to the right of “Output Range:”

Step 10: Click the highlighted box

Step 11: Press “OK”

Result: Excel should generate the table shown below

Our p-value is 0.00281. Excel also shows you the F-statistic.

Interpretation of the result (Problem 1)

MODULE 5 Inquiries Subject Teacher:

Compressive Fiber Content (%)

c) Interpret the result of the statistical treatment.

c) Interpret the result of the statistical treatment.

MODULE 5 Inquiries Subject Teacher:

You might also like