Business Math

Quarter 1 – Module 5: Solving

Poblems Involving Proportions
Business Math – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 5: Solving Problems Involving Proportions
First Edition, 2020

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 Business Math
Quarter 1 – Module 5:
Solving Problems Involving
Proportions
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Business Math – Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)

Module on Solving Problems Involving Proportions!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or

facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum

while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and

independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also

aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into

consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the

body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this

module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to

manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist

the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

1
For the learner:

Welcome to the Business Math – Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)

Module on Solving Problems Involving Proportions!

Business Math is a mathematical tool intended to deliver an utmost

understanding about money and information needed to make good financial
decisions. It does not only concentrate on the essentials of business finances, such
as owning or operating a business, but it also provides an avenue where people in
every walks of life learn the significance of managing their personal finances. Getting
familiar with the concepts of Business Math leads to making a better decision with
your money!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled into process
what you learned from the lesson.

2
 What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will
help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

3
 What I Need to Know

This module is made to help you solve problems involving direct, inverse and
partitive proportion. This will also help you develop better skills in the said process.

Our goal in this module is to help you analyze word problems and identify the
kind of proportion needed to solve these problems. Together, we will study and
practice solving proportions and applying it to our daily lives.

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

1. Solve problems involving direct, inverse and partitive proportions.

(ABM_BMIIRP-If-4)

What I Know

DIRECTIONS: On a separate sheet of paper, write only the letter corresponding to your
final answer. Please do not write anything on the module.

1. The Student Council conducted a fund raising for their incoming school fair.
They gathered ₱20,000 which will be allotted to Math, Science, English and
Filipino Club with a ratio of 1:3:2:2 respectively. How much will the Math Club
receive?
A. ₱2,500
B. ₱5,000
C. ₱2,000
D. ₱1,500

2. In question number 1, how much will the Science Club receive?

A. ₱2,500
B. ₱7,500
C. ₱3,000
D. ₱2,000

3. How much will the English and Filipino Club each receive?
A. ₱2,000
B. ₱3,000

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 C. ₱2,500
D. ₱5,000

4. Mrs. Castillo wants to cook chicken adobo for their family dinner. A kilo of
chicken costs ₱160 which can be eaten by 6 persons. If she needs to prepare a
dish for 10 persons, how many kilos of chicken adobo does she need to buy?
A. 1.5 kilos
B. 1.67 kilos
C. 2 kilos
D. 16 kilos

5. How much will Mrs. Castillo cost to feed 10 persons?

A. ₱267
B. ₱280
C. ₱373
D. ₱192

6. Jett travels needs 2 liters of gasoline to travel 10 km. If he needs to visit his
grandparents which is 35 km away from his house, how many liters of gasoline
does he need?
A. 2 liters
B. 3 liters
C. 9 liters
D. 7 liters

7. A man can finish 3 tables per day. How long can he finish a dozen of tables in
a day?
A. 2 days
B. 3 days
C. 4 days
D. 5 days

8. Two men can finish painting a house for 6 days. How many men are needed to
finish painting the house within 2 days?
A. 5 men
B. 12 men
C. 3 men
D. 6 men

9. In a classroom, the number of male and female students is in the ratio of 2:5.
If there are 35 students in a class, how many students are male?
A. 10 male students
B. 7 male students
C. 18 male students
D. 15 male students

10. Based on item number 9, how many female students are there in the classroom?

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 A. 20 female students
B. 15 female students
C. 25 female students
D. 19 female students

11. Michelle can finish a painting for an average of 4 days. If a client asks her to
paint 4 artworks, how long will she finish the artworks?
A. 8 days
B. 10 days
C. 15 days
D. 16 days

12. Three tailors can sew 24 dresses every week. How many tailors are needed to
make 40 dresses in one week?
A. 5 tailors
B. 9 tailors
C. 2 tailors
D. 13 tailors

13. Knowing that the three tailors can finish 24 dresses a week, you decided to add
4 more tailors. Now, how long will it take them to finish 24 dresses?
A. 5 days
B. 18 days
C. 3 days
D. 12 days

14. Your father has ₱280 and decided to split this to you and to your younger
brother for your allowance in the ratio of 3:5. How much will you receive if you
got more than your brother?
A. ₱175
B. ₱205
C. ₱105
D. ₱150

15. Referring to question 14, how much will your younger brother receive?
A. ₱200
B. ₱105
C. ₱175
D. ₱195

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 Good job!

You did well on our pre-assessment! We will be learning

more on this module.

Are you ready?

Lesson
Solving Problems Involving
1 Proportions

We learned from the previous lesson that there are three kinds of proportions
namely: Direct, Inverse and Partitive Proportion.

The concept of these three kinds of proportions can be applied in our daily
scenarios such as upon buying on a market, calculating the speed and worktime,
and even on determining the partitioned we may get in a certain situation.

In this module, we will now be solving problems involving Direct, Inverse and
Partitive proportions so keep your focus and enjoy learning.

What’s In

DIRECTIONS: Read the problem carefully. On a separate sheet of paper, write your
answers to the questions below. Please do not write anything on the
module.

Get a cracker or snack. On its package, look at the sodium content on the
Nutrition Facts column.

1. What product did you get?

2
2. How many milligrams of sodium does it have?
3. If you are going to consume 5 packs of it, how
much sodium are you going to intake?
4. According to the FDA, it is recommended that
individuals consume no more than 2,300
milligrams of sodium per day. Do you think it is
still healthy to consume those 5 packs, thinking
that you still consume sodium on your meals?
5. Suppose that you control your sodium intake for
1,500 milligrams per day and divided it into three
meals in the ratio of 2:2:1. How much sodium will
you take for each meal?

What’s New

Before, a project house can be built in 3 months by 20 men. Due to the

COVID-19, a construction company downsized their workforce to 15 men to prevent
more cost.

1. Will they be able to lessen the time in

building the house? Or, will it take longer
time?

2. How long will it take to finish the house?

3. Suppose two workers got sick, how long

will the remaining workers finish
construct the house?

Excellent!

On the next pages, read and study carefully how we

are going to solve problems involving direct, inverse and
partitive proportion.

Let’s start!

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 What is It

On our previous module, we have learned how to identify whether a problem

or situation is direct, inverse or partitive proportion. We also learned how we write
those proportions into a mathematical statement.

Now, we will be discussing how we are going to solve problems involving direct,
inverse and partitive proportion.

SOLVING PROBLEMS INVOLVING DIRECT, INVERSE

AND PARTITIVE PROPORTIONS

Solving problems involving direct, inverse and partitive proportions has

similar steps with our process in identifying the kinds of proportion. Let’s review the
steps.

• First, read and analyze carefully the problem.

• Second, identify the relationship between the variables
• Next, write the proportions for the problem or situation.
• Then, for solving, the last step will be finding the value of the unknown.

Let us try to solve the following word problems on our previous module.

PROBLEM 1

A 200 grams of mango cost ₱20. How much will 1,200 grams cost?

The relationship between these variable shows that as the grams of mango
increases, the price of the mango also increases. Thus, it shows that there is a Direct
Proportion in the problem.

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 In writing the proportion,

𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠 200 1200

= = where, x is the missing value
𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 20 𝑋

For solving the unknown value,

200 1200 ∙ (20𝑥)

Multiply both sides of the
(20𝑥) ∙ = equation with its LCD.
20 𝑋

200𝑋 = (1200 ∙ 20)

1 1
( ) ∙ 200𝑥 = 24,000 ∙ (
200
Multiply both sides of the
) equation with the
200
multiplicative inverse of 200.

𝑋 = ₱120

Therefore, 1,200 grams of mango cost ₱120.

PROBLEM 2

Michelle can type 300 words in 5 minutes. How many words can she type in 10 minutes?

The relation between the variables shows that as Michelle spends longer time
in typing, the greater number of words she can type. Thus, it shows Direct Proportion.

In writing the proportion,

𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑠 5 𝑋
= =
𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠 300 10

For solving the unknown value,

300 𝑋 Multiply both sides of the

(50) ∙ = ∙ (50)
5 10 equation with its LCD.

3,000 = 5𝑋 Multiply both sides of the

equation with the
1 1
( ) ∙ 3,000 = 5𝑋 ∙ ( ) multiplicative inverse of 5.
5 5

600 = 𝑋

Therefore, Michelle can type 600 words in 10 minutes.

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 PROBLEM 3

A construction company has 20 workers which can make a residential house for 120 days.
How many workers is needed to finish the house for 90 days?

In this problem, as the number of workers increases, they will be spending

fewer days in finishing the house. Thus, Inverse Proportion is shown in the situation.

In writing the proportion,

120 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑥 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑒𝑟𝑠 120 𝑋

= ⟹ =
90 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 20 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑒𝑟𝑠 90 20

For solving the unknown value,

120 𝑋 Multiply both sides of the

(180) ∙ = ∙ (180)
90 20 equation with its LCD.
Multiply both sides of the
1 1
( ) ∙ 2,400 = 90𝑋 ∙ ( ) equation with the
90 90
multiplicative inverse of 90.

27 ≅ 𝑋

Therefore, approximately 27 men is needed to finish the house for 90 days.

PROBLEM 4

Five people can paint a fence in 4 hours. How long will it take for 8 people to paint it?

When there is an addition to the number of painters, the time for the fence to
be painted will lessen. Thus, the problem shows Inverse Proportion.

In writing the proportion,

5 𝑝𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑋 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 5 𝑋
= ⟹ =
8 𝑝𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 4 8 4

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 For solving the unknown value,

5 𝑋 Multiply both sides of the

(32) ∙ = ∙ (32) equation with its LCD.
8 4

20 = 8𝑋

1 1 Multiply both sides of the

( ) ∙ 20 = 8𝑋 ∙ ( ) equation with the
8 8
multiplicative inverse of 8.
2.5 = 𝑋

Therefore, it will take 2.5 hours to paint thefence.

PROBLEM 5

Kim wants to donate ₱300,000 to three different foundations in the ratio of 1:2:3. How
much will each foundation receive?

In this problem, Kim will split the money into 3 different foundations wherein
each will receive unique amount. Thus, this shows Partitive Proportion since there is a
partition that’s happening.

In writing the proportion,

1x : 2x : 3x = ₱300,000

1x + 2x + 3x = ₱300,000

For solving the unknown value,

1𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 3𝑥 = 300,000 Add the variables.

6𝑥 = 300,000
Multiply both sides of the
1
1 equation with the
( ) ∙ 6𝑥 = 300,000 ∙ ( )
6 6 multiplicative inverse of 6.

𝑥 = 50,000

For the partitioned value, multiply the value of x to every variable.

Foundation 1: 1x = 1(50,000) = ₱50,000

Foundation 2: 2x = 2(50,000) = ₱100,000

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 Foundation 3: 3x = 3(50,000) = ₱150,000

PROBLEM 6

A large pizza is divided into 18 slices. The ratio of the slices of pizza that the four children
received is 1:1:2:2. How many slices does each child receive?

There is a partition in the pizza wherein the child may get different number of
pizza slices. Therefore, the proportion shown here is Partitive Proportion.

In writing the proportion,

1x : 1x : 2x : 2x = 18

1x + 1x + 2x + 2x = 18

For solving the unknown value,

1𝑥 + 1𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 2𝑥 = 18 Add the variables.

6𝑥 = 18
Multiply both sides of the
1 1
( ) ∙ 6𝑥 = 18 ∙ ( ) equation with the
6 6
multiplicative inverse of 6.

𝑥 =3

For the partitioned value, multiply the value of x to every variable.

Child 1: 1x = 1(3) = 3 slices

Child 2: 1x = 3(3) = 3 slices

Child 3: 2x = 2(3) = 6 slices

Child 4: 2x = 2(3) = 6 slices

Great! We’re done discussing how we solve proportions

that involves direct, inverse and partitive proportion.

On the next page, there are different activities that you

need to do and answer. Are you ready?

8
 What’s More

DIRECTIONS: On a separate sheet of paper, solve the following problems involving

direct, inverse and partitive proportions. Show your solution. Item
number 1 is done for you.

1. A fast car travels 350 km in 3 hours. How far will it take if he travels 9 hours at
the same rate?

Solution:

𝑘𝑚 350 𝑥
= =
ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟 3 9

350 𝑥
(27) ∙ = ∙ (27)
3 9

3,150 = 3𝑥

1 1
( ) ∙ 3,150 = 3𝑥 ∙ ( ) 3 3

1,050 𝑘𝑚 = 𝑥

2. The driving distance from Balanga to Orani is 15km which has a bus fare of ₱20.
How much is the fare if the bus travels 45 km. trip?

3. Nine utility men can clean the entire three-star hotel for 8 hours. If the hotel
needs to be cleaned for 6 hours, how many utility men is needed to finish the
work?

4. Mr. De Leon gave ₱2,000 to his two children, Jane and Johnny respectively, for
their weekly allowance in the ratio of 2:3. How much will each child get?

5. Three men can finish making a giant lantern for 2 days. How many men are
needed to finish the lantern in a day?

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 What I Have Learned

I know that the discussion above gave you a better

understanding of the week’s lesson.

Now, let me check if you can still recall the discussion

on solving proportions.

DIRECTIONS: On a separate sheet of paper, answer the following questions on your

own words and understanding.

1. How do we identify problems involving;

a. Direct,

b. Inverse, and

c. Partitive Proportion?

2. What are the steps in solving problems on;

a. Direct,

b. Inverse, and

c. Partitive Proportion?

What I Can Do

DIRECTIONS: Suppose you and your mom wants to bake cookies and give it to your
friends. Below is the list of ingredients needed for your recipe which
will allow you to bake 3 dozen of cookies. You need to make 9 dozen
of cookies. Copy and complete the table to create your recipe for 9
dozens of cookies. Write it on a separate sheet of paper. Please do not
write anything on the module. The first ingredient is done for you.

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 Recipe for 3 dozen of Recipe for 9 dozen of
SOLUTION
cookies cookies
1
𝑐𝑢𝑝𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑟𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝑠𝑢𝑔𝑎𝑟 3 𝑥
= =
𝑑𝑜𝑧𝑒𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑘𝑖𝑒𝑠 3 9
1
𝑥
(27) ∙ 3 = ∙ (27)
1 3 9
𝑐𝑢𝑝 𝑏𝑟𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝑠𝑢𝑔𝑎𝑟 3 = 3𝑥 1 cup of brown sugar
3
1 1
( ) ∙ 3 = 3𝑥 ∙ ( ) 3 3
1=𝑥

1 𝑒𝑔𝑔 (1)

1 𝑐𝑢𝑝 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑢𝑟 (2)

1
𝑡𝑠𝑝. 𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑡 (3)
2

1
𝑐𝑢𝑝 𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟 (4)
2

1
𝑐𝑢𝑝 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑔𝑎𝑟 (5)
3

1
𝑡𝑠𝑝. 𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑎 (6)
2

1 𝑐𝑢𝑝 𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑝𝑠 (7)

Great!

Now, let’s us see whether you really learn

something from our discussion by taking this evaluation.

Goodluck!

11
 Assessment

DIRECTIONS: On a separate sheet of paper, write the letter that corresponds to your
answer. Please do not write anything on the module.

1. A box of ABC pens cost ₱50. How much do 4 boxes cost? A.

₱500
B. ₱200
C. ₱100
D. ₱150

2. Eight packs of dog food can be consumed by 3 dogs in one week. How many
packs of dog food are needed to feed 9 dogs?
A. 24 packs
B. 27 packs
C. 15 packs
D. 11 packs

3. Jean can type 160 words in 3 minutes. How many words can she type in 15
minutes?
A. 480 words
B. 450 words
C. 240 words
D. 800 words

4. The ratio of number dogs to the number of cats in an animal center is 5:8. If
the total number of cats and dogs is 52, how many cats are there?
A. 32 cats
B. 4 cats
C. 20 cats
D. 18 cats

5. In item number 4, how many dogs are in the animal center?

A. 34 dogs
B. 20 dogs
C. 32 dogs
D. 16 dogs

12
6. A tutorial school offers ₱700 per hour fee to every student. If you decided to
enroll in that tutorial class, how much should you pay for 4 hours?
A. ₱700
B. ₱1400
C. ₱2,000
D. ₱2,800

7. A business’s return of investment will be allocated in three business partners:

Joel, Rey, and Fernando in the ratio of 2:3:5 respectively. If the total income is
P2,400,000 how much will Rey receive?
A. ₱240,000
B. ₱480,000
C. ₱720,000
D. ₱500,000

8. In item number 7, how much will Fernando receive?

A. ₱720,000
B. ₱1,000,000
C. ₱1,200,000
D. ₱860,000

9. Rona finished answering a 50-item test in Mathematics for 40 minutes? At this

rate, how long will it take her to finish answering a 100-item test?
A. 200 minutes
B. 80 minutes
C. 90 minutes
D. 150 minutes

10. Since there is an upcoming Science Competition, Kiel spends 7 hours a day for
his training. If he will be training for 2 weeks, how many hours did he spend for
training?
A. 14 hours
B. 24 hours
C. 98 hours
D. 70 hours

11. Four men can finish doing the landscape of a residential house in 2 weeks. How
many men is needed to finish the landscape in 8 days?
A. 8 men
B. 10 men
C. 7 men
D. 16 men

12. Mr. Reyes wants to give P6,000 to his four children, Joan, Joy, Jane and
Jennifer respectively in the ratio of 1:2:3:4 for their weekend allowance, how
much will Jane receive?
A. ₱700

2
 B. ₱600
C. ₱1,500
D. ₱1,800

13. In item number 12, how much will Joy receive?

A. ₱600
B. ₱900
C. ₱1,200
D. ₱1,000

14. Three chocolate bar costs P135. How much do 8 chocolate bars cost?
A. ₱360
B. ₱1,080
C. ₱405
D. ₱775

15. It took five men to finish repairing a 200 km road in 4 days. How many men are
needed to finish the repair within 2 days?
A. 12 men
B. 8 men
C. 10 men
D. 16 men

Additional Activities

DIRECTIONS: On a separate sheet of paper, answer problem below.

Aida, Lorna and Fe received their weekly allowance in the ratio of 2:1:3
respectively. Their father gave them ₱6,000.

1. Who receive most among the siblings?

2. Who receives the least allowance?

3. How much did Aida receive?

4. How much did Lorna receive?

5. How much did Fe receive?

Good job!

We have successfully accomplished our mission for

this module!

I will see you on our next module!!

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References
Lopez, B., Martin-Lundag, L. and Dagal, K., 2016. Business Math (Teacher's Manual).
Quezon City: Vibal Group, Inc.

Lopez, B., Martin-Lundag, L. and Dagal, K., 2016. Business Math (Textbook).
Quezon City: Vibal Group, Inc.

“Direct and Inverse Proportion”. BYJUS.com, 2002

https://byjus.com/maths/direct-and-inverse-proportion/

"Nutrition Facts For The Mega Kat". Flickr, 2020.

https://www.flickr.com/photos/doctabu/133321459.

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region III,

Schools Division of Bataan - Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resources Management and Development Section (LRMDS)

Provincial Capitol Compound, Balanga City, Bataan

Telefax: (047) 237-2102

Email Address: bataan@deped.gov.ph