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How can you make your film color palette part of the
storytelling process?
Film color palettes might be one of the most underutilized parts of your
filmmaking process. It can be the difference between immersing your
audience in a world or boring them to tears.
We all remember the first time we saw The Wizard Of Oz. There's that
magical moment where we go from the sepia-tone to full color. The world
explodes off the screen, and for a moment, we understand Dorothy's
amazement as she enters Oz. Here at No Film School, we're big believers in
the power of color to help harness your storytelling capabilities.
Filmmaker [W/ Infographics]
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By Jason Hellerman
We all remember the first time we saw The Wizard Of Oz. There's that
magical moment where we go from the sepia-tone to full color. The world
explodes off the screen, and for a moment, we understand Dorothy's
amazement as she enters Oz. Here at No Film School, we're big believers in
the power of color to help harness your storytelling capabilities.
What ate their color schemes like, and what do those film color palettes add to
the story?
Today we're going to talk about what the use of color can bring to your film,
and study how film color palettes can help amplify your work. As Roger
Deakins said: "It’s easier to make color look good, but harder to make it
service the story." So this will be fun. And hard. And we'll all learn a lot.
Well, film color can refer to your movie actually being shot in color instead of
black and white, but today we're going to talk about colors used in film elicit
emotions from the audience.
To properly utilize Film Color Theory, you first have to take a look at the color
wheel in a film.
The infographic below details all the different kinds of colors and color
combinations in cinema. It's an important tool for any director to keep by their
side. This can help them decide how their sets should look, which costumes
will pop on camera, and how scenes should be lit.
Directors wield a lot of power when it comes to what appears on the screen.
Collaboration with the art department, cinematographer, and costume design
people is so important. Color is not just how you balance the camera, but also
how people are dressed and how sets look on screen.
Think about all the magnificent work done by Wes Anderson. His movies are
defined by their color palettes and what emotions are expressed through
those images.
C
REDIT: @CinemaPalettes
The colors expressed in this frame gives us the poppy world of this movie and
set the dark and depressed tone of the film.
To understand how all this still works, you're going to have to understand how
color works. And how you can manipulate colors to get what you want on the
screen.
Saturation
Saturation is another color property that describes how intense of a color
we're getting. It's the deepness of the color at hand. The infographic below
shows you how saturation works.
To truly appreciate how hue and saturation work, you need to look at color
value.
Value
The value of a color describes whether or not a color is dark or light. A dark
blue would have a higher value. A light blue, a lower value.
Now that you understand how to choose and describe the colors you'll want in
your movie color palette, let's check out how those colors can manipulate
emotions on the screen and in the audience.
How Color Can Affect Emotions In Film
We all know that film is an empathy machine. A great story can take you
pretty far, but film is a visual medium. We're not meant only to read things;
we're meant to see things. And colors help us see the intentions behind what
was on the page and what the director wants from us.
The below infographic sets up which colors will help you assign which
emotions to scenes or parts of your movie or TV show.
As you can see, many colors take on specific feelings. You need to support
the color with actions and set pieces within the screenplay. You can't just add
color blobs. You need to have artistic intention behind every frame. Take this
image from Edward Scissorhands. Tim Burton is trying to set up an idyllic
neighborhood to juxtapose against Edward's mansion. So he uses these
pastel colors to make each house pop and to make the suburban lifestyle feel
like a utopia.
CRE
DIT: @CinemaPalettes
Now that you understand how color is used, it's time to understand the
"deeper why" of how it's used.
Time to grab your Freud book and to dig deep into Color Psychology in film.
This is the study of what complex emotions each hue can create when mixed
with saturation and value. That's right, all our lessons are coming together!
Let's take a look at this chart and really pull back the emotions and tone you
can add to your stories.
Let's take a look at three drastically different films and how they use color.
First up, take a look at Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 2.
This is a somber movie. It's all about ending a series and the ending of many
lives. That's not a joke. It's just a fact. So the movie thrives on the blues and
greens, and not only of Lily's eyes. But you can't use bright blue and green. It
has to be understated. That's where hue, saturation, and value come into
play. It's muted, understated, and somber.
CREDIT: @CinemaPalettes
What about something that's also dark, but needs to inject humor into its dead
veins?
The Corpse Bride does exactly that by pushing more into primary color
territory. It can be cold and somber, but these colors also give mystery and
excitement.
CREDIT: @CinemaPalettes
And sometimes you can also find stuff that's cold and warm. Like the
movie Frozen.
Frozen combines the color schemes of the above two films, but pushes
everything back into vibrant territory. It's a movie that plays off the cold of the
snow but relates us to the warm characters searching for love and acceptance
and family.
CREDIT: @CinemaPalettes
These colors work well together. and there's a reason for that.
There are four main types of color schemes based on color concepts that
work well together. Let's explore them.
Okay, we understand how one color works. Now let's try adding different
colors to the mix.
Analogous
An analogous color scheme in film or TV refers to colors that are neighbor on
the color wheel. Filmmakers often choose from either warm or cool colors for
their analogous schemes because they generally fit the theme of the movie or
TV show. The idea here is to get colors that find balance or harmony
together.
Check out this image from Moonlight. See how it's full of purples and blues?
The same goes for this image from Mary Poppins. All these colors work
together and sit near one another on the wheel.
CRE
DIT: @CinemaPalettes
Again, this works with warmer tones, like this shot from Ang Lee's Life of Pi.
CREDIT: @CinemaPalettes
Some colors on the opposite ends of the color wheel work together too. We
call those colors "complementary."
Complementary
Complementary colors are colors that are on the opposite ends of the color
wheel but still look good together. You seem them used on screen a lot, but
you also see them in movie posters a ton.
The idea behind these posters has to do with complementary colors that also
play into our psychology. You can see how the manipulation of hue,
saturation, and value plays into the tone of each of the movies represented in
these posters.
Playing off these two complementary colors, we can add a third with the
triadic color scheme.
Triadic
Triadic color schemes are schemes that use three colors from even distance
on the color wheel. Like this poster for Inherent Vice.
That's poppy and neon, but what about something understated like the red
doors in the Sixth Sense, juxtaposed against the yellow sand blacks in the
rest of the movie?
Here we have impending doom and a highlighted thing for the audience to key
in on as Bruce Willis's character moves toward the door.
But what about when filmmakers use colors that don't go together at all?
One of my favorite recent films is Gone Girl. Look how Fincher uses the first
and last scene of the movie.
In the beginning we see a cool toned woman, her innocence on display. The
cool colors give us the feeling of death.
In the end, he's warmed it up, but now you know she's capable of anything.
She's very much alive. and if you mess with her, you might wind up dead.
You can even use color to track characters and their tone over time.
Look at all these different takes on Superman over the years. And how his
colors were used to represent the tone of the movie and character.
It can be hard to choose colors on your own. That's why working with a crew
is wonderful. And so is utilizing a film color palette generator.
I also like the work done by Movies In Color. They actually pull the colors and
color spectrums from movies and make them accessible to people all over to
understand how people achieve what's on screen.
We want to hear your thoughts on making the colors in your movie color
palette in the comments!
If you're interested in digging deeper on color, check out our post on how the
colors of Wonder Woman help add dynamic action to the story!