Literature Review

An emerging one in the world of technology where AI is making things easier for people‫۔‬An
emerging issue there is also Deepfake. Deepfake is causing fear and panic among the people‫۔‬In
which people's videos and pictures are being distorted with AI's algorithm‫۔‬Which is spreading
false news among the people‫۔‬It is not only spreading false news among the people but also
instilling this fear in the people. On the contrary, there is a fear among the people that they
may not be the next target‫۔‬For example, politicians, actors, these are the people who have a lot
of followers or are the head of a country or department. Advances in deep neural organizations
(DNNs) have empowered better approaches for controlling video content. This has energized
the ascent of deepfakes, or recordings where the essence of an individual is traded in by
another face, utilizing DNN-based techniques. Mainstream DNN techniques for making
deepfakes incorporate Autoencoders Generative Adversarial Networks and Variational
Autoencoders Such abilities to create persuading deepfakes raises genuine moral issues, since
they can be abused from numerous points of view, e.g., to show an individual at a spot they
never went, cause an individual to perform activities they never did, or make statements they
won't ever say. Such phony recordings can help spread false news, control races, or hate
toward societies. Numerous deepfake making techniques have additionally been proposed by
the exploration local area. It is muddled if deepfakes found in the wild have straightforwardly
utilized these strategies. These strategies depend on GANs, VAEs, CNNs, and encoder-decoder
structures. A methodology for fake news detection from social media is not easy because there
are many formats in which fake news are spread out e.g. To Evaluate better on real time, need
better Algo to find. Recent works on adversarial perturbation attacks to fool DNN-based
detectors make the deepfake detection task more difficult These are real challenges for
detection method development and needs to focus on introducing more generalizable
methods. Another research direction is to integrate detection methods into distribution
platforms such as social media to increase its effectiveness in dealing with the widespread
impact of deepfakes. The screening or filtering mechanism using effective detection methods
can be implemented on these platforms to ease the deepfakes detection. Also need some
platform these fake and false should be challenge and also maker these things too. Eulerian
Video Magnification (EVM) is a technique which can uncover fleeting and hidden details in
videos that will, in general, be hard to see with the human eye. EVM magnifies and visualizes
temporal variations in spatial and/or color aspects in videos. The method emphasizes subtle
changes which occur naturally and are encoded within the video but not seen when viewed. For
instance, one can enhance the slight color changes in videos which include exposed human skin
such as around the face where the capillaries in the skin show pulsation due to the bloodstream
and blood flow changes caused, in turn from heart rate. This is similar to Differential Imaging
Forensics introduced in which also reveal latent visual features in videos that are not
perceivable by human observer a way to pre-process video and use the result as an indicator of
whether a video is a deepfake or not. When we dealing colors, we missed a lot because we
cannot focus on Lips movements eye movements etc.
Questions;
Many questions raised is 1869 videos are enough in Deepfake Videos in the Wild articles?

Clearly, it’s not enough because in machine learning we know big data can play important role
to obtain better result otherwise on low data we cannot get better result. According to Forbes
“The amount of deepfake content online is growing at a rapid rate. At the beginning of
2019 there were 7,964 deepfake videos online, according to a report from startup Deep trace;
just nine months later, that figure had jumped to 14,678.25-May-2020”. But This number is also
not enough.

Why they cannot get data from other resources?

Only YouTube Bili Bili or Reddit Okay Fine they or Hot places to get data but another platform
available. They Also get data from pornography websites because in that websites more videos
or data they collect and that data play important role to prevent from that issue.

Can we analyze videos, text, images, gestures, sound’s etc.? With same algorithm like CNN?

Eulerian Video Magnification (EVM) is a technique to analyze video and LSTM is used to audio
but CNN can do prediction. Examining the discourse information, CNN can gain from pictures as
well as gain from talks. CNN can do break down the information, gain from this information and
ready to distinguish words, expressions. In form of text, pictures, videos, graphs. etc. but when
we target only one part, we missed many other holes which affects us. And other thing this
system (Bussfeed,Politifact) take time to evaluate result but in that period of time we need
result on real time.

Can CNN detect fake videos on different angle?

In the event that the pictures contain some level of slant or revolution, CNNs typically
experience issues in characterizing the picture. The way toward checking whether highlights are
available is finished by stepping the picture. During this interaction the CNN totally loses all the
data about the organization and position of the parts and they communicate the data further to
a neuron which probably won't have the option to group the picture.
Convolutional networks perceive the picture as far as group of pixels which are masterminded
in unmistakable examples and don't comprehend them as segments which are available in the
picture. The pictures as envisioned by CNN don't have any inward portrayals of segments and
their part-entire connections. CNNs don't have arrange outlines which are a fundamental part
of human vision (refer to Figure-3). Coordinate edge is essentially a psychological model which
monitors the direction and various highlights of an item. For instance, in the event that we take
a gander at the accompanying figure we can distinguish that the picture on the right, whenever
flipped around will give us the picture on the left. Just by intellectually changing our facilitate
outline in the cerebrum we can see the two faces, regardless of the image's orientation. This is
the place where the human Coordinate edge empowers people to see both the appearances.