ANSWER KEYS

8th Grade

Statistics
Name: __________________________ Date: _________________
Line of Best Fit ANSWER KEY – answers may vary, but final equations should be similar.
Find the line of best fit for each scatterplot. Write your answer in slope-intercept form
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏.

1.)
Height and Weight
180
160
140
Height (in cm)

120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Age (in years)

STEP 1: Draw a straight line that goes through as many points as possible with close to the same number of
points above and below the line.

STEP 2: Pick two points on your line. They do not have to be actual data points.

Write their coordinates.

(0, 90) and (20, 180)

STEP 3: Use the two points to calculate the slope of the line.
𝑦2 − 𝑦1
𝑚=
𝑥2 − 𝑥1
180 − 90 90 9
𝑚= = =
20 − 0 20 2

STEP 4: Use 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏 with one of your points (𝑥, 𝑦) and 𝑚 to find the equation of the line.
9
90 = (2) (0) + 𝑏
9
90 = 𝑏 𝑦 = 2 𝑥 + 90
 2.)

Money Spent
70
60

Price (in dollars)

50
40
30
20
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Items Bought

50−20 30
STEP 2: (4,20) and (7, 50) STEP 3: 𝑚 = = = 10
7−4 3

STEP 4: 20 = (10)(4) + 𝑏

20 = 40 + 𝑏 𝑦 = 10𝑥 − 20
−20 = 𝑏

3.)

Experiment Data
40
Temperature

30

20

10

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Day

30−20 10 10
STEP 2: (5,20) and (8, 30) STEP 3: 𝑚 = = =
8−5 3 3

10
STEP 4: 20 = ( 3 ) (5) + 𝑏
50 10 10
20 = +𝑏 𝑦= 𝑥+
3 3 3
60 50
= +𝑏
3 3
10
3
=𝑏
 4.)

Score on Test
150

100

Grade
50

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
Hours Studied

100−75 25
STEP 2: (1,75) and (3.5, 100) STEP 3: 𝑚 = = = 10
3.5−1 2.5

STEP 4: 75 = (10)(1) + 𝑏
75 = 10 + 𝑏 𝑦 = 10𝑥 + 65
65 = 𝑏

5.)

Number of Pets
6
Number of Pets

4
2
0
0 1 2 3 4 5
Number of Children

1−2 −1 1
STEP 2: (1,2) and (3,1) STEP 3: 𝑚 = 3−1 = = −2
2

1
STEP 4: 2 = (− 2) (1) + 𝑏
1 1 5
2 = −2 +𝑏 𝑦 = −2𝑥 + 2
1
2 =𝑏
2
5
=𝑏
2
 Kuta Software - Infinite Pre-Algebra Name___________________________________

Scatter Plots Date________________ Period____

State if there appears to be a positive correlation, negative correlation, or no correlation. When
there is a correlation, identify the relationship as linear or nonlinear.
1) 2) 







 

       

Positive correlation No correlation

Nonlinear

3)  4) 
 
 





 

 

     

Positive correlation Negative correlation

Linear Linear

5) 
6) 

 



 




             

Negative correlation No correlation

Nonlinear

Worksheet by Kuta Software LLC

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 Construct a scatter plot.
7) XY XY 8) X Y X Y X Y
300 1 1,800 3 0.1 7.5 0.4 3.3 0.6 1.8
800 1 3,400 3 0.1 7.6 0.6 1.4 0.9 1.5
1,100 2 4,700 4 0.3 4.5 0.6 1.7 1 1.7
1,600 2 6,000 4 0.4 3.2
1,700 2 8,500 6


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

     

   

Construct a scatter plot. Find the slope-intercept form of the equation of the line that best fits the
data.
9) X Y X Y X Y 10) X Y X Y X Y
10 700 40 300 70 100 1 20 5 70 7 80
10 800 60 200 80 100 2 40 6 80 9 80
30 400 70 100 100 200 3 50 7 80 10 80
30 500 4 60

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

                   

yx yx

Create your own worksheets like this one with Infinite Pre-Algebra. Free trial available at KutaSoftware.com
Worksheet by Kuta Software LLC

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 Kuta Software - Infinite Pre-Algebra Name___________________________________

Using Statistical Models Date________________ Period____

1) The height and weight of adults can be related by the equation yx where x is height in
feet and y is weight in pounds.



Weight (pounds)








     

Height (feet)

a) What does the slope of the line represent?

The number of pounds heavier an adult one foot taller would weigh
b) What does the y-intercept of this function represent?
The weight of an adult zero feet tall

2) The average amount of electricty consumed by a household in a day is strongly correlated to the
average daily temperature for that day. This relationship is given by yx where x is
the temperature in °F and y is the amount of electricity consumed in kilowatt-hours (kWh).


Electricity (kWh)








      

Temperature (°F)

a) What does the slope of the line represent?

The additional electricity consumption for each additional degree Fahrenheit
b) What does the y-intercept of this function represent?
The average electricity consumption for a daily average temperature of 0°F

Worksheet by Kuta Software LLC

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 3) The number of marriage licenses issued by This can be modeled by the equation
Clark County Nevada, the county where Las yx where x is the year
Vegas is located, has been decreasing since and y is the number of marriage licenses
the year 2000: issued.
Year Marriage Licenses
2001 141,000 

Marriage Licenses
2006 127,000 
2007 121,000

2010 111,000
2011 109,000 

2012 104,000
   

Year

a) According to the model, how many marriage licenses were issued in 2004? Round your answer
to the nearest hundred.
131,800
b) Using this model, how many marriages licenses would you expect to be issued in 2023? Round
your answer to the nearest hundred.
68,000
c) According to the model, in what year did Clark County issue 140,000 marriage licenses?
Disregard years before 1990. Round your answer to the nearest year.

4) With the help of scientists, farmers in The crop yield can be described by the
Cameroon have been able to produce more equation yx where x is the
and more grain per hectare each year. Here year and y is the grain yield in kilograms per
are the crop yields for several years: hectare (kg/ha).
Year Yield (kg/hectare) 
1962 656 
Yield (kg/hectare)

1969 728 

1974 846 


1980 1,100

2000 1,480

2004 1,540
  

Year

a) According to the model, what was the crop yield in 1988? Round your answer to the nearest
whole number.
1,232 kg/ha
b) Assuming that this trend continues, what crop yield is predicted for the year 2022 by the model?
Round your answer to the nearest whole number.
1,991 kg/ha
c) The model indicates that a crop yield of 1300 kg/hectare was achieved in what year? Round
your answer to the nearest year.

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ANSWER KEY
Check For Understanding #1

Label each scatter plot with the type of correlation shown (positive,
negative, or no correlation.)

positive negative no correlation

Label each scatter plot as showing a linear or non-linear relationship.

non-linear linear non-linear

 Check For Understanding #2:

The table below shows the number of prom tickets sold over a ten-day period.

Prom Ticket Sales

Day(x) 1 2 4 5 7 10
Number of 15 25 40 55 60 70
tickets
sold(y)

a) Plot these data points as scatter plot on the coordinate grid below. Use a
consistent and appropriate scale.

b) Draw a reasonable line of best fit. Check to see if your line resembles the line of
the person next to you.

c) Predict the number of prom tickets sold on the 12th day. __ 190 __

70
65 𝑦 = 15𝑥 + 10
𝑦 = (15)(12) + 10
60 𝑦 = 180 + 10
55 𝑦 = 190
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Practice: Scatter Plots and Trend Lines

x 1 3 4 5 7 8 10
y 6 4 10 14 12 18 20

a) Plot these data points as a scatter plot on the coordinate grid below. Use a consistent and
appropriate scale.

b) Determine the correlation that you see between x and y.

POSITIVE
c) Draw a reasonable line of best fit.

d) Using the graph, Predict the value of y when x is 6. 13

Using points (4,10) and (10,20) on the line.
𝟐𝟎 − 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎 𝟓
20 𝒎= = =
𝟏𝟎 − 𝟒 𝟔 𝟑
18
𝟓
16
𝟏𝟎 = (𝟒) + 𝒃
𝟑
𝟐𝟎
14 𝟏𝟎 = +𝒃
𝟑
12
𝟑𝟎 𝟐𝟎
= +𝒃
𝟑 𝟑
10 𝟏𝟎
=𝒃
𝟑
8

6
𝟓 𝟏𝟎
𝒚= 𝒙+
𝟑 𝟑
4

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

e) What is the purpose of the line of best fit? Explain.

To make predictions about two related variables.

f) Determine the equation for the line of best fit. Using the equation, predict the value of y
when x is 6. How does this compare to your answer in d? Why might they be different?
𝟓 𝟏𝟎
𝒚= (𝟔) +
𝟑 𝟑
This answer should be close to the answer from d,
𝟑𝟎 𝟏𝟎 but probably not exactly the same. In d, we used the
𝒚= +
𝟑 𝟑 graph to see what number looked closest to a y-value
𝟒𝟎 𝟏 for x=6. For f, we used an equation of a line that
𝒚= = 𝟏𝟑 looked like it fit the data. Both are approximations.
𝟑 𝟑
Name: _______KEY__________ Date: _______________
Creating Two Way Frequency Tables

1. Billy takes a survey on students' favorite restaurants type of restaurants. He gathers the following
information from the 22 students he collected the data from:

- 15 students like both Mexican and Italian restaurants.

- 17 students in total like Mexican restaurants.
- 4 students don't like Mexican or Italian food.

With the data given, fill in the two way frequency table below:

Likes Italian Food Doesn't Like Italian Food

Likes Mexican Food 15 2
Doesn't Like Mexican Food 1 4

2. Johnny takes a survey of his class of 24 students. He finds out the following:

- 13 students, in total, like Math.

- 12 students like Math and English.
- 4 students don't like Math but like English.

With the data given, complete the following two way frequency table below:

Likes English Does Not Like English

Likes Math 12 1
Does Not Like Math 4 7

3. Sue conducts a survey of her 30 classmates and records the following data:

- 8 of her classmates like bike riding only.

- 6 of her classmates like skateboarding only.
- 10 of her classmates like both bike riding and skateboarding.

With the data given, complete the following two-way frequency table below:

Designed by UnkertMath.com. Copyright © 2018 Timothy Unkert

 Likes Skateboarding Does Not Like Skateboarding
Likes Bike Riding 10 8
Does Not Like Bike Riding 6 6

4. Manny polls his local community of 965 people to see whether they like Candidate A or Candidate B
more ahead of the upcoming election. He records the following results:

- 450 people like Candidate A only.

- 500 people like Candidate B only.
- 10 don't like Candidate A or Candidate B.

Use the data he recorded to create a two-way frequency table below:

Likes Candidate B Does Not Like Candidate B

Likes Candidate A 5 450
Does Not Like Candidate A 500 10

5. Missy goes to her local ice cream hangout. While she is there she takes a survey of 84 people of
what type of ice cream the people like. She collects the following data:

- 45 people like Mint Chip only.

- 17 people like both Mint Chip and Cookie Dough.
- 34 people, in total, like Cookie Dough.

Use the information that Missy recorded to fill out the two-way frequency table below:

Likes Cookie Dough Does Not Like Cookie Dough

Likes Mint Chip 17 45
Dois Not Like Mint Chip 17 5

6. Ashley, the running club president at University U, is holding a get together for her fellow runners
for an upcoming social she is holding. She is going to get some sandwiches from the local diner and
wants to make sure that his fellow 13 runners are happy with the food choices.She records the
following information.

- 3 runners like turkey and ham.

- 8 total runners like turkey.
- 4 total runners like ham.

Ashley wants to organize the data in a following two way table. Please help her do that.

Designed by UnkertMath.com. Copyright © 2018 Timothy Unkert

Using Two-Ullay Frequency Tables Name Ar:rswEa l{rv
1. Every studer$ at Ahigail Douglas Mlddle Schmi is enrolled in exactly o*e extracurricular
activity. The sctmol counselor recorded data on exlracurricular activity and ge,rder for all
eighth-grade strsCenls at the school" The counselor's findings for tha eighth-grade students
are the folloring:

o Of the sludents enrofled in band. 42 are male. l

o Of the students enrofted in ari, I are ternale.

+ Ol *rE sttdents enrotled in chsir,20 are male.
c Of the students enrolled in sports, 30 are fernste,

Construct a two way table.

Band Art Choir Sports total

Female 5g I p bo t 2:7
Male qL 4t zo 10 t-tb
total loo 5O 50 roo 3@

a) What prwrthn of $tdent$ is erudled in a musiel extracunbular actMty (i.e., hrd or

choir)? lOclt 5_O :. \5?_
-Zo0 3oo = \L = EOr/,
b) Whal proportion of students is mde ard enrolled in cieir?
202l x (o,1 '/o
3oo N 15
2. A rardom grorp of sludents is pdhd about how th6y get to school. The resutls are
summadzed in the table below:

f€tool Tr.n3lortatlcn Suwcy

Wslk Ride 8us earpoEl Totil

o
Male ?6 I 44
! 'B.g% ts.5ol 9.6'1" t{^ lol^
tr
o
i!, Female I 2,6 24 58
r,wl, L55'L 2A,b?, 5l"io

Total L7 s2 33 102
tb:l7 5l'/^ 7,?.401,. I Do'l

a. Calculata the relative lrequencies lor the taHe abot e. t rrite them as a parcent in each
cellol ttre tabb. Rourd to the n€aresl tenlh of a percent.

b. What is the ralative frequerrcy lor the Carpoolcafegory? Write a s&nlenoe interprelirq
this vaftre in thecofiaxt of school transporta$on.

bZ .4'1, ol {he gtudenk Bttrveged ge+

+o tchoo\ bt CCIL'*Poo\.
A rardom sample of sighth-$ad€ $trldanto is asked to reeord lwo variaHes, whsther they have a
television in their bodmom ard if lhay mssed or taibd their last math l6st The results of trlg
$urv6y ars sumrnariied betovu:

o 55 stu&nls haw a telsvision in their bedroom.

o 35 rtrdents do not have a t€levision in ttpir bedroom ard passed their last math te$t
o 25 stu&nts haw a Blevision and faild tteir laet rnath tst.
o 35 students failEd their last math hst.
Complete tm trvo way tabl6" ls th6r6 svidene sf assoeiation between the variables?

ry No TV total
Y*s. S{udents us*re
Failed % r0 z5 il
Did not fail b b5 (D5 -rre \rUe\V +D PqSs
+hey c\id' a* iv
.

total \6 45 roo
g*udert= wi+!-, o- rr/ tha*.pa€ced : 3ols S z 1b'/ot L1d"6 ,ta-bE. "/r>
1b1It'*
ffiffi;.rr ;i; ;*
S+nj."ntt wiih erV iha+ {ai\td: 1,5155 = iE"r,
lhat €'tl ted,:,!il':iiii:,
aTV mlf:;m
3+uden\: rrljgre ry1et^€-
fiu_,i''#aii;pii.y lB, o*
6+liilnt* wlo (1 S"/' '22 x)vs
n-tr*ii5 an-assoexation betuyeen gender ard favorfte ffi of rnusic in the beley tabb? ExpHin.

fiueTTrrdtftrdE
,EF t&ltrr f$ffirll&ri Cwrtrt Tftnl

Frfia*r
ts ,$ rl T! ,7
!
I *05*1 rx O.38* * *. llX ry S. t3?

|,t Hrh
3? 30 t3 }T
103
* 0.359 ru S.X*l ry S.136 e $.it3i

To*rl ,7 T8 l+ il6 t00

No. The re\ohve f.e4uencies Sr euch \p* *C "'.rtti

ftre OPPToXnn^+ety +1"e, saff\g Sr eActl $Bndgf,
The belo$, tuo-uay lrquerrey tabls that suinmarizee SB data on rpvis preferranm arxC gsnder.
Mudelrt*,rt'Ee
Irtbr Ilr*mr Srkm-$l*ka Coficdy Tsd
Frmrlc 60 78 I 9{ u*o
Itl.lr to0 2 32 !6 t60
TfirI t&0 sr, *0 120 *oo

3- (&"/o
10O 5 =
b) tf there werg no association behrrcsn gen&r and rnovie prefgrencs, shouE you sxBe$ mor6
femalas than males or fgwer lamales than nralss to prefer action movies? Explain.

N,.,)'',,ArEer nurnmr'o0 fernalet Were Surveud , so

iP +heie, Were no &ssosto*tcn tcefween her{aer
6nd ff\0v te- qrefrren ce, +ho nLtm&\' oC '$omen
woLLtc be ts)o/, os'+he
ilft ;*ei# [.1,;;
tnI*ry'";;' pb6t
-piresattirt- (rnorg Wornen '[ han men)
Hffi,