BEGINNING THE DAY

The teacher enters and starts the class.

A : Assalamualaikum. Good morning, class.
B : Waalaikumsalam. Good morning, Miss.
A : Before we start our day, please one of you can lead us to pray together.
B : Me, Miss.
A : Okay, please.
B memimpin berdoa.
B : Before we start our lesson today, let’s pray together. Pray begin. Finish.
A : How are you today?
B : Alhamdulillah fine, Miss. How are you?
A : I am fine too, thank you for asking.
A : Who is absent today?
B : Putri, Miss.
A : Why?
B : She is sick.
A : Oh hopefully she get better soon. During this pandemic, we have to keep our health so we
won’t get sick.
A : Is there any homework in the last meeting?
B : Yes Miss
A : Please the leader of class can collect the homework on my desk in teacher room.
A : Who’s on duty today?
B : Me, Miss.
A : Please help me to clean the blackboard.
B membersihkan papan tulis.
A : Thank you.
B : You are welcome, Miss.
The student back to her seat.
ACTIVITIES
A : Okay, so today we are going to study the next material that is about Mathematical Induction.
There are 4 learning objectives that must be achieved by students:
1. Students can design formulas for a number sequence pattern.
2. Students can explain the principles of mathematical induction.
3. Students can apply the principle of mathematical induction to prove the truth of the
formula for a sequence of numbers.
4. Students can apply the principle of mathematical induction to investigate the truth of a
formula.
Okay please prepare your book
B menyiapkan buku.

A : I will start this material with the definition. Do you know the definition of Mathematical
Induction is? Raise your hand if you know the answer.
B angkat tangan.
A : Okay Zakia
B : Mathematical induction is a standard proof technique in mathematics.
A : Good.
The teacher draw a picture of domino in the blackboard. B buka buku dan menulis.
A : Do you know what is this?
B : Is that domino Miss?
A: Exactly. The principle of mathematical induction has a domino effect.
The teacher explain it with the book.
A : I will explain it using the book. I will arrange this book with a certain distance. Suppose this
book is the dominoes card that arranged very long. What happens if I drop this one to another
like this?
B : All of dominoes card will falling Miss.
A : Good, all of dominoes card will falling. If the dominoes are arranged in a line with a certain
distance, when one end of the domino is dropped towards another domino, then all the dominoes
will fall one by one.
A : Who are know how much the principle of mathematical induction? Raise your hand if you
know the answer.
B angkat tangan.
A : Okay Zakia
B : 2 Miss
A : Good, what is this?
B : Basis step and induction step.
The teacher write it in the blackboard.
A : Excelent. To prove a formula in mathematical induction, we can assume that P (n) is a
natural number expression. Statement P (n) is true if it fulfills the following steps:
a. Basis Step: to prove P (1) is correct.
A : So the basis step is not always chosen for n = 1, n = 2, or n = 3, but any value of n can be
selected. Furthermore, what is found in the basis step is the modal for the next step. That is, if P
(1) is true, then P (2) is true; if P (2) is true then P (3) is true; and so on until it is concluded that
P (k) is correct.
b. Induction Step: if P (k) is true, then P (k + 1) is true, for every k natural numbers.
Using P (k) is correct, it is shown that P (k + 1) is correct.
A : Do you understand? Or do you have any question?
B : I have a question Miss.
A : Okay
B : If the formula only fulfill one step and another step is false, is the formula proven or not
Miss?
A : Good question. If P (n) satisfies both principles of mathematical induction, then the formula
P (n) is proven correct. If either of the two principles is not met, the formula P (n) is wrong. So
the answer for your question is you have to fulfill both of these steps to prove the formula.
B : Thank you, Miss.
A : You are welcome. Anybody has question again?
B : Not yet, Miss.
A : Okay, I will continue to the example. Have you done with it?
Prove that 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + … + (2n – 1) = n2 for n ≥ 1
Let P(n) = 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + … + (2n – 1) = n2
a. Basis Step
As a basis, n = 1 is taken because it will prove the truth of the statement for n ≥ 1
(smallest n = 1), so that:
 P (n) = n2 ⇔ 2n - 1 = n2
For n = 1 ⇒ 2 ∙ 1 - 1 = 12
⇔1=1
Left segment = Right segment
Thus, the statement is true for n = 1.
So, the basis step is correct.
b. Induction Step
P (k) is true then P (k + 1) is true.
P (k) true means 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 +… + (2k - 1) = k2
For P (k + 1)
1 + 3 + 5 + 7 +… + (2k - 1) = k2
Add 2(k+1) – 1 in both sides
1 + 3 + 5 + 7 +… + (2k - 1) + (2(k+1) – 1) = k2 + 2(k+1) – 1
1 + 3 + 5 + 7 +… + (2k - 1) + (2k + 1) = k2 + 2k +2 – 1
1 + 3 + 5 + 7 +… + (2k - 1) + (2k + 1) = k2 + 2k + 1
So the root of ... is
1 + 3 + 5 + 7 +… + (2k - 1) + (2k + 1) = (k + 1) (k + 1)
1 + 3 + 5 + 7 +… + (2k - 1) + (2k + 1) = (k + 1)2
So the induction step is correct.
Based on steps (1) and (2), it is concluded that P (n) is true for n ≥ 1.

A : It is clear?

B : Clear, Miss.

A : Okay I will write an exercises for you.

n3
Prove that 12 + 22 + 32 + . . . + n2 > for n is a real number
3

Solution

2 2 2 n3
2
P(n) = 1 + 2 + 3 + . . . + n >
3

a. Basis step
 For n = 3
27
P(3) = 12 + 22 + 32 = 14 >
3
Basis step is correct

b. Langkah Induksi
k3
P(k) = 12 + 22 + 32 + . . . + k2 >
3
For P(k + 1), so
P(k +1) = 12 + 22 + 32 + . . . + (k + 1)2 > ¿ ¿
Add (k + 1)2 in both sides
k3
P(k +1) = 12 + 22 + 32 + . . . + k2 + (k + 1)2 > + (k + 1)2
3

k 3 +3 k 2 +6 k + 3
⇔ P(k +1) = 12 + 22 + 32 + . . . + k2 + (k + 1)2 >
3

(k + 1)3 +3 k +2
⇔ P(k +1) = 12 + 22 + 32 + . . . + k2 + (k + 1)2 >
3

(k + 1)3 3 k 2 +2
2 2 2 2
⇔ P(k +1) = 1 + 2 + 3 + . . . + k + (k + 1) > 2
+
3 3

(k + 1)3 3 k 2 +2
It is true that + > ¿ ¿ for every k is positive integer
3 3

Consequence, P(k +1) = 12 + 22 + 32 + . . . + k2 + (k + 1)2 > ¿ ¿

Based on steps (1) and (2), it is concluded that P (n) is true for n is a real number.

A : Have you done it students?

B : Yes Miss.

A : Please one of you can write your answer in the blackboard.

B : Me Miss

A : Yes please
B menulis jawaban di papan tulis

B kembali ke tempat duduk

A : Thats correct. Excelent. Give an applause for Zakia.

A dan B tepuk tangan
A : I will give you a homework today.
1. Prove n < n3 for every n is natural number
2. By mathematical induction, show that 11n - 6 is divisible by 5, for n natural numbers.

ENDING OF THE CLASS

A : Okay class, we will stop here and we will continue this next week.
A : Don’t forget to do your homework and don't forget to rest when you feel tired. Please keep
your health students.
A : Okay see you. Wassalamualaikum.
B : See you Miss. Waalaikumsalam