EXERCISES

Activity no. 1 (Axioms of Arithmetic)

Name: FARAH MAE A. MOSQUITE Course: MAEd-MATHEMATICS Score: ______________

Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer. (2pts each)

1. What is the Addition Closure Axiom?
a. If A & B are real numbers, then A+B=B+A
b. If A & B are real numbers, then A+B is a unique real number.
c. There is a unique real number, symbolized “0”, such that for any other real number, “A”.
d. For every real number “A” there is a unique real number, symbolized “-A” such that A+(-
A) =0 & (-A) +A=0

2. Which axiom is this an example of? 4(6+2) = 4 • 6 + 4 • 2

a. Commutative Law
b. Associative Laws
c. Closure Laws
d. Distributive Law
3. Which axiom is this equation an example of? 8+6 = 4 • 6 + 8
a. Addition Commutative Axiom
b. Addition Closure Axiom
c. Addition Commutative Associative Axiom
d. Addition Axiom of Zero
4. 4(6 • 2) = (4 • 6)2, is an example of which axiom?
a. Closure Axiom of Multiplication
b. Commutative Axiom of Multiplication
c. Associative Axiom of Multiplication
d. Axiom of Multiplicative Inverses

1
5. What is the Addition Axiom of Additive Inverses?
a. If A & B are real numbers, then A+B=B+A
b. If A & B are real numbers, then A+B is a unique real number.
c. There is a unique real number, symbolized “0”, such that for any other real number,
“A”.
d. For every real number “A” there is a unique real number, symbolized “-A” such that
A+(-A)=0 & (-A)+A=0

Activity no. 2 (Proving by Contradiction)

Name: FARAH MAE A. MOSQUITE Course: MAEd-MATHEMATICS Score: ______________

Direction: Answer the following questions.

1. What is the method of proving where we assume that what we want to prove is not true,
and then show that the consequences of this are not possible?
Answer: Proof by Contradiction

2. What are the different steps in proving by contradiction?

Answer:
 Assume your statement to be false.

 Proceed as you would with a direct proof.

 Come across a contradiction.

 State that because of the contradiction, it can't be the case that the statement is false,
so it must be true.

3. What is the contrapositive of the statement “The sum of a rational number and irrational
number is irrational”?
Answer: The sum of a rational number and irrational number is rational.

4. Prove by contradiction: For all integers n, if n3 +5 is odd then n is even.

Answer: Let n= be any even number
Supposed n=2
23+ 5 = odd
8+5=13
Therefore, n is a number

2
 5. Prove by contradiction: √ 2+ √ 6< √ 15.

Answer: Assume that √ 2+ √ 6> √ 15

Then, √ 2+ √ 6> √ 15

1.414+2.449 > 3.873

3.863 > 3.873

Since 3.863 is less than 3.873. So, √ 2+ √ 6> √ 15 is false.

Thus, √ 2+ √ 6< √ 15

Activity no. 3 (Mathematical Induction)

Name: FARAH MAE A. MOSQUITE Course: MAEd-MATHEMATICS Score: ______________

Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer. (2pts each)

1. Let S(n) = 2n – 1. Evaluate: a) S(k) b) S(k+1)

a. a) S(k) = 2k-1
b) S(k+1) = 2n+1
b. a) S(k) = 2k+1
b) S(k+1) = 2k+1
c. a) S(k) = 2k-1
b) S(k+1) = 2k+1

2. 1+3+5+7+… +(2n-1) = n2 On the basis assumption, [The statement is true for n=k:
1+3+5+7+… +(2k-1) = k 2 ] What must we show?
a. The statement is true for n=k+1: 1+3+5+7+… +(2k-1) (2k+1) = (k +1 ¿ ¿2
b. The statement is true for n=k 1+3+5+7+… +(2k-1) = k 2
c. The statement is true for n=1: 2x1 – 1= 12
.

3
3. The second part (If the statement is true for n=k, then it will be true for its sucessor, k+1)
contains the induction hypothesis. What is it?
a. If the statement is true for n=k, then it will be true for its successor, k+1.
b. The statement is true for n=k.
c. The statement is true for n=k+1.

II. By the Principle of mathematical induction, prove the following:

n(n+1)
4. 1+2+3+…+n = n ∈N
2
Answer: Show that n=1 is true
n(n+1)
1+2+3+…+n =
2
1(1+ 1)
1=
2
1(2)
1=
2
2
1=
2
1=1
Therefore n=1 is true

Assume that true for n=k

k ( k+ 1)
1+2+3+…+k =
2
Show that true for n= k+1
k +1(k + 1+ 1)
1+2+3+……. k+ k+1 =
2
k ( k+ 1) ( k + 1 ) [ ( k +1 )+1 ]
+k +1=
2 2
k ( k+ 1) 2( k +1) ( k +1 ) [ ( k +1 ) +1 ]
+ =
2 2 2

4
k 2 +k 2 k+ 2 ( k +1 ) [ ( k + 1 )+1 ]
+ =
2 2 2
k +k +2 k + 2 ( k +1 ) [ ( k +1 ) +1 ]
2
=
2 2
k 2 +3 k +2 ( k +1 ) [ ( k +1 ) +1 ]
=
2 2
(k + 1)(k +2) ( k +1 ) [ ( k +1 ) +1 ]
=
2 2
( k +1 ) [ ( k +1 ) +1 ] ( k +1 ) [ ( k + 1 )+ 1 ]
=
2 2

Therefore n=k is true ---- n= k+1 is also true. By mathematical induction the statement
n(n+1)
1+2+3+…+n = is true for n ∈ N
2

5. 23 +4 3+63 +…+(2n ¿ ¿3 = 2n2 ( n+1)2

Answer: Show that n=1 is true
3 3 3 3 2 2
2 +4 +6 +…+(2n ¿ ¿ = 2n ( n+1)

(2(1))3= 2(1)2 (1 +1)2

(2)3 = 2 (2)2

8=8

Therefore n=1 is true

Assume that true for n=k
2 2
23 +4 3+63 +…+(2k ¿ ¿3 = 2k ( k +1)

Show that true for n= k+1

23 + 43 + 63 + . . . + (2k)3 + [2(k+1)]3 = 2(k + 1)2[(k + 1) +1]2
2k2 (k+1)2 + [2 (k + 1)]3 = 2(k + 1)2(k + 2)2
2k2 (k+1)2 + 23 (k + 1)3 = 2(k + 1)2(k + 2)2
2 (k+1)2 [k2 + 22 (k + 1) = 2(k + 1)2(k + 2)2
2 (k+1)2 (k2 + 4k + 4) = 2(k + 1)2(k + 2)2

5
 2(k + 1)2(k + 2)2 = 2(k + 1)2(k + 2)2
∴ the statement 23 + 43 + 63 + . . . + (2n)3 = 2n2(n+1)2 is true for all natural numbers n
Therefore n=k is true ---- n= k+1 is also true. By mathematical induction the statement

3 3 3 3 2 2
2 +4 +6 +…+(2n ¿ ¿ = 2n (n+1)

Activity no. 4 (Figurative Numbers)

Name: FARAH MAE A. MOSQUITE Course: MAEd-MATHEMATICS Score:_____________

Direction: Identify the following numbers sequence as either TRIANGULAR, SQUARE,

TETRAHEDRAL, OCTAHEDRAL or CUBIC Numbers.

1. 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49 = SQUARE

2. 1, 4, 10, 20, 35, 56 = TETRAHEDRAL
3. 1, 8, 27, 64, 125 = CUBIC
4. 1, 6, 19, 44 = OCTAHEDRAL
5. 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21= TRIANGULAR

Activity no. 5 (Binomial Coefficient)

Name: FARAH MAE A. MOSQUITE Course: MAEd-MATHEMATICS Score: _____________

Direction: Answer the following.

A. Find the binomial coefficient of the following.
1. ( ) 2. ( )) 3. ( ))
9! 6! 10 !
= 3! ( 9−3 ) ! = 4 ! ( 6−4 ) ! = 7 ! ( 10−7 ) !

9! 6! 10 !
= 3! ( 6 ) ! = 4 ! ( 2) ! = 7 ! ( 3) !

9 x8 x7 x 6! 6 x5 x 4 x3 x2! 10 x 9 x 8 x 7 !
= 3 x 2 x 1 (6 )! = 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 (2)! = 7 !3 x2 x1

504 360 720

= 6 = 24 = 6

=84 =15 =120

6
 B. Write the binomial expansion of the expression
4. (x2 + 5)8
Answer:
(x2 + 5)8 = 8C0( x 2 ¿ ¿ 8 50 + 8C1( x 2 ¿ ¿7 51 + 8C2( x 2 ¿ ¿6 52+ 8C3( x 2 ¿ ¿5 53 + 8C4( x 2 ¿ ¿ 4 54 + 8C5(
2 3 5
x ¿¿ 5 +

8C6( x 2 ¿ ¿2 56 + 8C7( x 2 ¿ ¿1 57 + 8C0( x 2 ¿ ¿ 0 58

= 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2
x + 40 x + 700 x + 7000 x + 43750 x + 175000 x + 437500 x + 62500 x + 390625

C. Find the 5th term of the expression

5. (2x + 5y2)10
Answer: T5 = 10C(5-1) 2x10-(5-1)5y2(5-1)
T5 = 10C4 2x45y8
T5 = 210 (2x65y8)
T5 = 420 x610505y8

Activity no. 6 (Fibonacci Numbers)

Name: FARAH MAE A. MOSQUITE Course: MAEd-MATHEMATICS Score:_____________

Direction: Given the recursive formula for the Fibonacci Sequence F n= F n−1+ F n−2, find the
following:

a. F 3
F n= F n−1+ F n−2
F 3= F 3−1 + F 3−2
F 3= F 2+ F 1
F 3= 1 + 1
F 3= 2

b. F 4
F n= F n−1+ F n−2
F 4= F 4−1+ F 4−2
F 4= F 3+ F 2
F 4= 2 + 1
F 4= 3

7
c. F 5
F n= F n−1+ F n−2
F 5= F 5−1 + F 5−2
F 5= F 4+ F 3
F 5= 3 + 2
F 5= 5

d. F 6
F n= F n−1+ F n−2
F 6= F 6−1+ F 6−2
F 6= F 5+ F 4
F 6= 5 + 3
F 6= 8
e. F 7
F n= F n−1+ F n−2
F 7= F 7−1+ F 7−2
F 7= F 6+ F 5
F 7= 8+ 5
F 7= 13

Activity no. 7 (The Division Algorithm)

Name: FARAH MAE A. MOSQUITE Course: MAEd-MATHEMATICS Score:_____________

Direction: Solve the following Problem:

Problem 1:
Divide 400 by 8, list out dividend, divisor, quotient, remainder and write division
algorithm.
Answer: Dividend= 400 divisor=8 quotient=50 remainder=0
Division Algorithm:
400= 50x8+0

8
 400=50x8

Problem 2:
Divide 1675 by 13, list out dividend, divisor, quotient, remainder and write division
algorithm.
Answer: Dividend= 1675 divisor=13 quotient=128 remainder=11
Division Algorithm:
1675 = 128x13+11

Problem 3:
What is dividend, when divisor is 17, the quotient is 9 and the remainder is 5?
Answer: Dividend= 158 divisor=17 quotient=9 remainder=5
b = qa + r
= (17)(9) + 5
= 158

Problem 4:
When the integer n is divided by 8, the remainder is 3. What is the remainder if 6n is
divided by 8?
Answer: 2

Problem 5:
On dividing 12401 by a certain number, we get 76 as quotient and 13 as remainder. What
is the divisor?
Answer: Divisor= 163
b = aq + r
12401 = a(76) + 13
12401 – 13 = 76a
12388 = 76a
163 = a

9
Activity no. 8 (Radix Representation as a Number)
Name: FARAH MAE A. MOSQUITE Course: MAEd-MATHEMATICS Score:____________

Direction: Answer the following. (2pts each)

A. Convert 478 into the following.

1. Decimal
Answer: 478 = (7x80) + (4x81)
= 7 +32

478 =3910
2. Binary
Answer: (48) = ¿
(78) = ¿
478 = (100111)2

3. Hexadecimal
Answer: 478 = (27)16

B. Convert the following into hexadecimal.

1. 328
Answer: 328 = (1A)16

C. Convert the following into octal number system.

1. F316
Answer: F316 = (363)8

10
11