Professional Documents
Culture Documents
• Introduction
• Steps involved in Genetic Engineering
• Tools used in Genetic Engineering
Gene of interest (DNA insert)
Restriction Enzymes
Vector
Host cell
• Gene transfer methods
• In vitro production of Insulin
• Transgenic plant
• Transgenic animal
• Application
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HISTORY
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THE BEGINNING
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TERMS
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PROCEDURE
• Isolation of desired DNA fragment(gene of interest)
with the help of restriction enzymes.
• Isolation of DNA vector.
• Construction of rDNA. In this gene of interest is
inserted into the vector.
• Introduction of vector containing recombinant into
the host cell.
• Multiplication of Host cells containing recombinant
DNA.
• Expression of cloned gene.
• Selection of Recombinant cells.
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Selection of transformed cell
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TOOLS USED IN GENETIC ENGINEERING
1. Restriction Endonuclease(RE):
These are the enzyme which cleaves the DNA from
particular sequence.
The sequence from where it cleaves the DNA is called
as recognition sequence. Recognition site can be 4 to
8 bp long.
It breaks the nucleotide bond of base pair.
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TYPES OF RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE
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CLEAVAGE TYPE
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EXAMPLE OF RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE
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4) HOST CELL
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GENE TRANSFER METHOD
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METHODS
In prokaryotes
• Transformation
• Transduction
• Electroporation
In eukaryotes
• Tranfection
• Electroporation
• Ultrasonication
• Bombardment
• Microinjection
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In vitro PRODUCTION OF INSULIN
• Isolation of gene
responsible for insulin
production
• Isolation of plasmid
• Gene insertion in
plasmid
• Introduction of rDNA in
host
• Multiplication of
recombinant host cell.
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TRANSGENIC PLANT
The plant that have been
genetically engineered.
They are :-
• Herbicide resistance
• Insect resistance
• Virus resistance
• Improved storage
• Altered flower color
• Environmental stress
resistance
• Improved nutritional
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quality
E.g. BT COTTON
• Bt cotton is genetically
modified organism
(GMO)cotton variety, which
produce insecticide to
bollworm.
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TRANSGENIC ANIMAL
Genetically manipulated
animal having an
introduced gene are
called transgenic
animal.
Transgenic mice, sheep,
cattle, goats, pigs,
poultry and fishes have
been developed by
using GE.
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E.g. GLOFISH
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APPLICATION
• Agriculture
Improved crops
High yield
Resistant
High nutritional value
Long storage
• Medicine
Production of insulin and human growth hormone
• Animal husbandry
High milk production
High yield of wool
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Thank you…
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