Gender inequality in Yemen

I. Chapter 1: Introduction
1.Background:
a. social and economic condition of Yemen
b. Cultural setting in Yemen
II. Research and sub-research questions:
1. Main Research questions:
a. What is gender inequality? How is it determined?
b. What are factors that lead to such high rate of gender inequality in Yemen?
2. Sub-research questions:
a. How does gender inequality pose as a challenge to state development (economic,
social or political development)?
b. What should be done to reduce the level of inequality?
III. Literature review
3. Theoretical framework
In the purpose of this research paper, we are going to explain the three reasons which are
political, social and economic impact on women in Yemen to analyse the cause of gender
inequality in Yemen.
.1 Political impact
Women in Yemen do not have the same suffrage as men, as women have been
effectively disqualified from political participation. Every political party in Yemen therefore
lacks support for female candidates. In addition, the range of women running for political
office at national level has decreased with each election cycle, including decreasing levels of
women’s awareness and political activism. There seems to be no female representation in the
lower house of parliament or in civic involvement. According to Nasser (2019), Several
political losses from the National Dialog Conference of Yemen (NDC) and the Houthis
invasion of Sana'a in mid-2014 were the loss of women’s political power. Until then, women
have gained thirty per cent representation in the NDC and for the first time in Yemen’s
history, served in the Constitutional Drafting Committee to retain 30 percent participation in
any future committee formation. However, Yemeni women are almost without any political
control in the process of conflict resolution. Currently, women in Yemen have faced the same
marginalization as other movements, such as the youth movement and the Southern
Secessionist movement, who are also excluded from the negotiating process. Women are also
twice removed as they face gender-based marginalization.
.2 Social impact
Yemeni women have been discriminated against, both in their home and in the
workplace. Women are repeatedly denied employment opportunities, under-represented in
public positions, and bear disproportionate responsibility for housework and childcare
(UNDP, 2015). In addition, although Yemeni law does not prevent women from working,
yet in practice a number of social and cultural restrictions make it difficult for them to pursue
employment outside the home because Yemenis women mostly lag behind men for education
and they have to ask for permission their husband before going outside (UNICEF, 2011).
Moreover, Women who seek care services may be rejected from hospital if they do not have
the permission from their husbands or fathers, most frequently their husbands. Hence, family
conditional permission to access medical services at a local hospital is one of the most
obstacles to treatment, including emergency treatment. According to UNICEF (2013),
Yemenis girls are half as likely to attend school as boys and are less likely to complete
primary secondary and post-secondary education. As a result, many Yemenis girls drop out
of school at just before primary school, while many boys continue beyond in school.

.3 Economic impact
In the context of gender inequality in Yemen economy, there are only 6 percent of
Yemenis women who are participating in labor force, in contrast around 78 percent of labor
force participation are men (World News, 2020). In addition, Yemen is ranked 153 out of 153
countries, this means that Yemen has the highest gender gap in the world caused from lack
of economic engagement, schooling, health and political equality of both sexes (World
Economic Forum, 2020).

IV. Research methodology and data sources

a. Study Design: Mixed Method Study
This research was conducted through the cross-sectional study, which mean that the
information that we gathered is one time only due to time constrain. Although, it is conducted
through the Gender inequality in Yemen by using the secondary sources and the data
statistics from the document analysis, group discussion, scholar’s paper, data from
international organization and news. Hence, this paper was generated through qualitative and
quantitative research. Within the qualitative research is mainly focus on the emphasizing and
providing the definition and theories of Gender Inequality. While, the quantitative research
was used the data statistics that gather from International Organization and news in order to
analyzed and exact the information for this research. Moreover, the purpose of the using of
qualitative and quantitative research were to conducted and analyzed with the fulfill
information and to make the paper stronger.
b. Data Collection Method
To conduct our research, we mainly focus on factors that lead to such high rate of
gender inequality in Yemen, inequality that challenges to state development in term of
economic, political or social development, as well as providing the recommendation in order
to reduce the inequality, and we’re using the secondary-primary method through the paper’s
scholar analysis, supporting documentary analysis, and data statistics analysis. Although, we
are also using the narrative analysis by scoping to the current events and situations.
c. Measurement
Despite from using secondary-primary method through the paper’s scholar analysis, and
supporting documentary analysis to provide the answers to the research question, our group
also using the content analysis in order to analyzed or described the method and concept by
using different idea of scholars. we also provide the data statistic from any organizations to
support our paper. The data will be going through the process of analyzing first in order to
reduce irrelevancy and then combine it to meet our research questions.

V. Analysis
1. Case study & finding and discussion
VI. Policy recommendation
VII. Conclusion