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SCIENCE
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E-BOOK
 TABLE OF CONTENT

• Career Path in Data Science: Explained ................................................... 1-2

• Future of Data Science In India .................................................................. 2-3

• Top Reasons to Switch Careers To Data Science ................................... 3
• Various Job Titles ........................................................................................... 3-4
• 5 Tools Every Data Scientist Should Know About ................................ 4

• Soft Skills a Fresher Must Have! For Data Science ............................... 4-5
• Technical Interview Q&A for Data Scientists ......................................... 5-6

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Career Path in
Data Science: Explained
Introduction to Data Science
Data science is basically making
sense of the truckloads of data
available locally and globally, today.
Businesses want to make intelligent
use of this data that is available. The
data science domain employs
mathematics, statistics, computer
science, and information science to
analyse and understand data.
Why is data science needed?
There is a lot of unstructured data
available with organisations that can
help in customising their offerings.
Here is where data science comes i
nto the picture!
According to analyticsindiamag.com,
the total number of analytics and
data science job positions available in
India in 2019 amounted to 97,000.
With the advent of Data Science,
industries are able to make careful
data-driven decisions making Data
Science the “Sexiest Job of the 21st
Century”.
Career in Data Science
| Scope & Job roles
By 2020, the vacancies in data
science careers/jobs will
touch almost two lakh, says
Economic Times.
In order to become a full-fledged
data scientist, you must be proficient
in mathematics, statistics and
computer science.
Companies who want to maximize their
profits, analyze customer segments and
minimize their losses are actively looking
for data scientists. The various data science
career paths that can be taken up are
machine learning engineer, business
analyst, data analyst, Systems analyst,
infrastructure architect, etc.
How to Become a Data
Scientist?
Data Science is a new and nascent field.
India lags way behind in offering degrees in
Data Science. As a result, there are a very
few people who possess actual knowledge
and the right amount of expertise in this
field. This gap will soon become larger.
Data science online courses can help you
sharpen and hone your competencies.
Hence, it is advisable to opt for a data
science online course, which connects you
to leading experts from the industry, and
your peers for unique mentoring and
networking opportunities.
Data Science Syllabus
1.) Business Analytics with Excel
Excel is a powerful tool that can perform
many functions. It is a business analyst’s
best friend and you will learn why. Right
from the basic functions to the more
complex ones like pivot charts, VBA, etc., a
real-time case study will be assigned to i
mprove your practical and hands-on
knowledge.
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2.) Data Visualization and
Storytelling using Tableau
Every business needs to visualise its
data to analyse it and then
consequently make decisions from it.
Tableau, the most popular tool will
help you do just that. Learn the ins
and outs of this tool to ace your
data-visualising knowledge.
Advanced SQL
The next step to basic SQL
( assuming you already know SQL
basic). Learn more about MySQL,
NoSQL, and various other queries to
become a subject matter expert. This
will help you to not only create data,
but also retrieve it.
3.) Maths and Python
Programming
Both Maths and Python are
fundamentally crucial for
understanding and implementing
data science. Right from learning
different algorithms, statistics and
probability, hypothesis testing etc.,
to learning Pandas, Anaconda and
Jupyter, you will move on from the
basics to the advanced levels with a
lot of clarity and ease.
4.) Machine Learning
Learn all the machine learning
concepts like decision tree, linear
regression, logistic regression, NLP,
etc to build efficient projects and
enhance your knowledge through
live projects too.
4.) Soft skills
Technical skills are not everything, and you
need to be efficient at soft skills as well if
you want to get selected for your dream
job. Social and communication skills are
very essential in order to crack interviews.
Through the personalized sessions learn
various tools to improve your online
presence, ways to improve your interview
skills and build a strong portfolio.
Future of Data Science in
India
There are 2.5 quintillion (that's 18 zeros
after 1) bytes of data created each day!
90% of the data generated in the
world was generated in the past 2
years only.
Think about that.
Due to this HUGE amount of data being
created on a daily basis, more and more
companies are starting to get data-driven.
This trend will continue and keep rising,
especially due to the fact that a data
scientist’s job can’t really be replaced
anytime soon.
Companies need data scientists,
and they’re even willing to pay a lot
of money to keep them at their
company.
The role of a data scientist
includes:
Collecting the huge amount of data
from the internet
Clean up the irrelevant data and store
the data in a database
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Research the data and frame
questions which need to be answered
Use modelling, statistics and
analytics programs to organize the
data into a predictive model
Analyze the data and come up with
trends and opportunities and
answers for issues or problems when
required
The Way Forward for
Freshers?
Regardless of how things end up
evolving in the future (we can’t really
predict that yet) ... One thing is
crystal clear.
Companies will be using enormous
amounts of data to drive key business
decisions, and skilled data scientists
will be the key to unlocking endless
possibilities.
Top Reasons to Switch
Careers To Data
Science
Skill Gap
The first reason to become a data
scientist is... While the demand for
data science is sky-high, there isn’t
much supply, because of the lack of
the required skills.
The education system is still lacking
in this sector. A lot of people who are
trying to find jobs in this sector don’t
have the necessary skills to find
employment.
Salary
The average data scientist salary ranges
between 10-12.5 Lakhs across experience
levels. The annual Analytics India Salary
Study also found a 1.8% increase in salaries
of entry-level analytics professionals with
experience between 0 to 3 years.
Increased Adoption
More and more organizations have started
integrating data into their processes. They
are transitioning into taking more data-
driven decisions.
It enables companies to create new
business opportunities, generate more
revenue, predict future trends, optimize
current operational efforts, and produce
actionable insights. That way, you stand to
grow and evolve your empire over time,
making your organization more adaptable
as a result.
Various Job Titles
Data science will never restrict you. It has
a wide domain which gives you a lot of
variety to choose from. You can choose
between multiple specialties like:
1 Data Engineer
2 Data Architect
3 Data Analyst
4 Statistician
5 Machine Learning Engineer
6 Big Data Engineer
7 Business Analyst
8 MIS Reporting
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Over the last few years, people have
moved away from the umbrella term,
data scientist. Companies now
advertise for a diverse set of job
roles.
5 Tools Every Data
Scientist Should Know
About
1. MS Excel
Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet
application that is bundled as part of
the MS Office suite of office
productivity tools. Excel has a wide
range of functionalities, from sorting
and manipulating data to
representing that data in the form of
graphs and charts.
2. Python
Python is a high-level, interpreted,
general-purpose programming
language, well suited for rapid
application development. It has a
simple and easy to learn syntax that
allows for a steep learning curve and
for reductions in the costs of
program maintenance. There are
many reasons why it is the preferred
language for data science. To
mention a few: scripting potential,
verbosity, portability, and
performance.
3. Tableau
Tableau is another option to create
interactive dashboards from a
combination of multiple data sources.
It also offers a desktop version, a web
version, and an online service to
share the dashboards you create.
It works naturally “with the way you think”
(as it claims), and it is easy to use for non-
technical people, which is enhanced
through lots of tutorials and online videos.
4. Apache Hadoop
Apache Hadoop is a free, open-source
framework that can manage and store tons
and tons of data. It provides distributed
computing of massive data sets over a
cluster of 1000s of computers. It is used
for high-level computations and data
processing.
5. Jupyter Notebook
Jupyter Notebook is an open-source
interactive web-based computational
notebook that is available for free for
freelance data science professionals. It has
gained popularity in recent years and has
largely been adopted for the various
applications it offers.
Soft Skills a Fresher Must
Have! For Data Science
1 Listening
2 Critical Thinking
3 Collaboration
4 Creativity
5 People Management
6 Agility
Be it a techie or a digital marketing
enthusiast, if one is not skilled
enough, the chances of landing a
job are close to negligible.
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1. Listening
Being a good listener is very
important for effective
communication in the workplace. If
you don’t listen effectively, then
there are big chances of getting
misunderstood, and chances of
mistakes happening.
2. Critical Thinking
It is the ability to think clearly and
rationally about what is to be done in
a problematic situation. With AI and
technology coming in, no matter
what the experts say, the human mind
perceives many more such factors
than the machine.
3. Collaboration
Also known as team work... This is the
skill when developed, will help you
work efficiently in a team, and will
help you engage with others to
create or produce something.
Employers dig for this skill in
freshers. They don’t want people
who work single-handedly, rather,
they want people having team skills.
4. Creativity
Often, all problems need are some
out-of-the-box solutions. It
sometimes involves looking at
familiar things with a fresh
perspective. Creativity can get rid of
mundaneness. Of course, you can
develop and manage creativity.
5. People Management
The ability to manage a team is very
essential to the success of the
organization and its business
objectives.
Such is the world today, that we prefer to
talk everything over text than make a
phone call or a face-to-face meeting.
Thus, communicating with the team
members and getting the work done, is a
very essential soft skill to develop.
6. Agility
Change is the new constant, and with the
advancing technology and times, you need
to have a do-or-die attitude. If you feel
there is something you cannot do, and if
you lose hope, then you will become
irrelevant. You need to be agile, and ready
to adapt and willing to learn anything new
that is thrown at you.
Technical Interview Q&A
for Data Scientists
Importance of p-value?
After hypothesis testing is done, the
significance value is computed (which is the
p-value) which usually lies between 0 and
1. If the p-value is lesser than 0.05, the null
hypothesis is accepted, and if greater than
0.05, then rejected. Thus, the p-value is
very important in judging the probability of
the hypothesis.
What is A/B testing?
This type of hypothesis testing is used to
test two variables A and B, of a randomized
experiment. It is used to compare two
versions of a website or an app to
determine which performs better.
How is Hadoop useful?
Hadoop is an open-source framework that
helps in processing large amounts of
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datasets across computers, using How to handle missing
simple programming models. It
provides the ability to deal with large
values in data?
scale unstructured data and allows to
There are a few ways to handle this
implement different algorithms on
situation.
them.
1 Replace the missing values with the
Name some NoSQL databases mean/median value of the observation
2 Run predictive regression models
Some popular NoSQL databases are
MongoDB, Cassandra, CRM, HBase, 3 Drop the values
Hypertable, Redis, etc.. 4 Delete the observation
5 Clustering and finding the accurate
Name some clauses used in value
SQL
What is univariate,
There are five types of clauses used
bivariate and multivariate
in SQL, namely, Order By clause, Top
clause, Where clause, Group By analysis?
clause, and Having clause.
The univariate analysis involves statistical
What is a foreign key? techniques that can differentiate on the
number of variables involved. The bivariate
A foreign key is used to link two analysis highlights the difference between
tables together. They are the two variables at one time.
columns of a table that are used to
point to the primary key of the other
table. They act as a cross-reference
between tables.

Difference between deep

learning and machine
learning?

Deep learning is actually a part of

machine learning itself but has
different capabilities. It is about
developing algorithms that simulate
the way humans react as per their
nervous system.

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