Juan Carlos Muhi

BPED

Factors Affecting Grade 10 Learners' Performance in MAPEH

Rationale

In an educational institution, the students are the main character in the plot, without them,

the school, the teachers, and facilities will be worthless. The topmost priority of educators is the

quality of students' performance in academic standards. Students' motivation to participate in

physical activity on a regular basis has become an important concern of a physical educator.

Previous experiences of students in their PE class may also result in their perception towards the

activity. Some additional factors affecting student performance pertain to the student’s

environment, family status and new teaching methods. The student’s situation at home is a

greater factor than ever before now that students are spending more time at home and often

learning remotely. Many students who may have been successful in prior academic settings,

might be struggling with new hybrid and online teaching environments. Video fatigue is real.

The lack of social interaction with classmates is real. Technology challenges are real. The

challenges presented to today’s teachers to teach in these remote environments or in-person with

half the class are also very real.

Significance

The study aims to determine the Factors Affecting Learners’ Performance in MAPEH. The

study would be beneficial to the following:

 To the Teachers, they will be able to know the factors affecting learners’ performance in

MAPEH and how they will handle those kind of situations.

To the Students, the teaching-learning process of the learning will be absorb and

understood by them.

To the Future Researchers, This study will become their reference for the other

researchers In the future.

Related Literature

In every piece of an ongoing research needs to be connected with the work already done,

to attain an overall relevance and purpose. The review of literature will become a link between

the proposed research and the studies already done. It tells the reader about things that have been

already established or concluded by other authors/researcher, and is giving a chance to the reader

to appreciate the evidence that has already been collected by previous research, and thus projects

the current research work in the proper perspective.

Here, the researcher collect studies related to the factors affecting learners’ performance

Student Performance

Galiher (2006) and Darling (2005), used GPA to measure student performance because

they main focus in on the student performance for the particular semester. Some other

researchers used test results or previous year result since they are studying performance for the

specific subject or year (Hijazi and Naqvi, 2006 and Hake, 1998).
Communication

Many researchers has been discussed the different factors that affects the student

academic performance in their research. There are two types of factors that affect the students’

academic performance. These are internal and external classroom factors and these factors

strongly affect the students’ performance. Internal classroom factors includes students

competence in English, class schedules, class size, English text books, class test results, learning

facilities, homework, environment of the class, complexity of the course material, teachers role

in the class, technology used in the class and exams systems. External classroom factors include

extracurricular activities, family problems, work and financial, social and other problems.

Research studies shows that students’ performance depends on many factors such as learning

facilities, gender and age differences, etc. that can affect student performance (Hansen, Joe B.,

2000). Harb and El-Shaarawi (2006) found that the most important factor with positive effect on

students' performance is student's competence in English. If the students have strong

communication skills and have strong grip on English, it increases the performance of the

students. The performance of the student is affected by communication skills; it is possible to see

communication as a variable which may be positively related to performance of the student in

open learning. A major distinction of this study from previous studies is that it focuses on open

learning (Abdullah AL-Mutairi, 2011).

Proper Guidance

Noble (2006), students’ academic accomplishments and activities, perceptions of their

coping strategies and positive attributions, and background characteristics (i.e., family income,

parents’ level of education, guidance from parents and number of negative situations in the

home) were indirectly related to their composite scores, through academic achievement in high
school. The students face a lot of problems in developing positive study attitudes and study

habits. Guidance is of the factor through which a student can improve his study attitudes and

study habits and is directly proportional to academic achievement. The students who are properly

guided by their parents have performed well in the exams. The guidance from the teacher also

affects the student performance. The guidance from the parents and the teachers indirectly affect

the performance of the students (Hussain, 2006).

Family Stress

Socio-economic factors like attendance in the class, family income, and mother’s and

father’s education, teacher-student ratio, presence of trained teacher in school, sex of student and

distance of school are also affected the performance of the students. (Raychauduri et al., 2010)

Kernan, Bogart & Wheat (2011), academic success of graduate student will be enhanced if the

optimal health related barriers are low. There is negative relationship between college credit and

stress but weak relationship between GPA (Grade Point Average) and stress. (Zajacova, Lynch

and Espenshade, 2005) Amitava Raychaudhuri, et. al., (July 2010), found that numerous studies

have been done to identify those factors which are affecting student’s academic performance.

The students’ academic performance depends on a number of socio-economic factors like

students’ attendance in the class, family income, mother’s and father’s education, teacher-student

ratio, presence of trained teacher in school, sex of the student, and distance of schools. Hijaz and

Naqvi (2006) observed that there is a negative relationship between the family income and

students’ performance and they focus on the private colleges in Pakistan.

There were many early studies about student age adults as subjects. College students

appear to regard fitness more favorably as compared to younger students and they indicated that

physical fitness is a very important reason for participating in physical education classes (Avery
& Lumpkin, 1987; Blair, 1984; Soudan & Everett, 1981; Weick, 1975). They represent the final

link in school physical education and are one source that may provide valuable insight into

students' positive and negative perceptions of physical education (Coelho 2000). One of the

major causes that the researcher has been looking into in students' performance is socio-

economic factors. It has been studied that such factor greatly affects students’ performance in

school and that there is a negative relationship between the family income and students’

performance (Diaz, 2003; Raychauduri et al., 2010; Hijaz and Naqvi 2006). A number of studies

have been carried out to identify causal factors of poor academic performance in a number of

institutions worldwide. Most of the studies focus on the three intervening elements: parents

(family causal factors), teachers (academic causal, factors), and students (personal causal factors)

(Diaz, 2003). One of the studies from a secondary school level revealed that socioeconomic

status (SES) and parents' education have a significant effect on students' overall academic

achievement, as well as achievement in the subjects of Mathematics and English. The

achievement of students is negatively correlated with the low SES level of parents because it

hinders the individual in gaining access to sources and resources of learning (Duke, 2000;

Eamon, 2005; Lopez, 1995). “I hear and I forget. I see and I remember. I do and I understand."

(Confucius 551-479 BC) – a quote that provides evidence that, even in early times, there was a

recognition of the existence of different learning preferences among people.

Of the many characteristics that influence a person’s behavior, only a small set aid goal

attainment in a particular situation. These are called aptitudes. Specifically, aptitude refers to the

degree of readiness to learn and to perform well in a particular situation or domain (Corno et al.,

2002). In fact, intelligence tests or IQ tests are measures of general aptitude: scores on these test

represents a composite of cognitive abilities and can be used to forecast achievement and other
behavior in a wide range of situation. The importance physical education aptitude is basic among

institution they are using this sporting aptitude as a part of admission process.

The ALPHA group is a specialized sports program in Ellowes Hall Sports College which

advances both their physical and academic achievement. The sessions takes place in PE lessons

and consists of a variety of advanced physical education sessions to cover sports psychology,

physiology and skill acquisition. Meanwhile, according to Portman (1995), students' knowledge

of being low skilled when comparing ability to others makes some student believe success was

unattainable. The more that the students perceived they were competent in physical education

and valued physical education as an important, interesting and useful school subject, and

perceived autonomy and competence support from physical education teachers, the more likely

they were to exert effort and concentrate in PE (Zhang, Solmon, Gu, 2012). "Student perceptions

are thoughts, beliefs and feelings about persons, situation, and events" (Schunk 1992)

Nicholls (1989) stated that students who can differentiate ability and effort tend to

believe that effort associated with adequate ability leads to success. Up until present USMA

conducted in their intramural program is an excellent example of a Sports Education Model

(Seidontop, 1994). In this model, students not only learn how to play, coordinate and manage

sports experiences but must also learn individual responsibility and effective group membership

skills. Students’ performance has a significant correlation with satisfaction with academic

environment and the facilities of library, computer lab and etc. in the institution (Karemera

2003). The academic environment is the effective variable for students and has a positive

relationship with fathers' education and grade level (Kirmani & Siddiquah, 2008). Physical

elements in the school environment can be shown to have discernible effects on teachers and

learners.
 It is recognized that having physical activity will enhance one's overall capabilities.

Curriculum plays an extremely important role in determining college students' perceptions of

physical education (Figley, 1985). Generally, a school as defined by Smith (2000) consists of the

provision of school buildings on a well located site which include the facilities and surrounding

provided for students to concentrate and learn. It is a place that practices the complex

organization in influencing the people in terms of social perspective, school management, school

organization and class allocation as well as teachers’ quality/ effectiveness.

Many students suggested that the physical education teachers "take it too far", perhaps to

the extent that learning in the physical education is adversely affected (Coelho, 2000). Siedentop

(1983) suggests that "tolerance is more likely to lead to better knowledge of the person, better

knowledge of the person's point of view is likely to lead to acceptance, and acceptance is more

likely to lead to positive interactions". Aicinena (1991) concluded that the quality of a teacher's

personal interactions with students had the most significant impact on students' attitudes toward

physical education. Figley (1985) found that teacher reinforcement, or lack of it, ranked first as a

determinant of college students' attitudes. "Teachers who operate without awareness of their

students' points of view often doom students to dull, irrelevant experiences, and even failure"

(Brooks & Brooks, 1993). This research reports thoroughly discuss the factors affecting students'

performance in LPU-L towards their performance in physical education class.

Education is one of the most important aspects of human resource development. The

students’performance plays an important role in producing bestquality graduates who will

become great leaders and manpower for the country thus responsible for the country’seconomic

and social development. Academic achievement is one of the major factors considered by

employers in hiring workers especially for the fresh graduates. Thus, students have to put the
greatest effort in their study to obtain good grades and to prepare themselves for future

opportunities in their career at the same time to fulfil the employer’s demand. Academic

performance in the Colleges of Education determines whether the students will proceed to

university for higher degree or be able to secure a teaching job. Students’ performance also

determines quality of education that will be passing to the students by the potential teachers at

primary and secondary school levels. Poor performance in Colleges of Education spells doom for

the students whose life becomes uncertain and full of misery. Students’ academic performance is

affected by several factors which include students’ learning skills, parental background, peer

influence, teachers’ quality, learning infrastructure among others. Government efforts to improve

academic performance have led to series of interventions like scholarship, training of the

lecturers, providing of infrastructure and so on. Yet, academic performance in the Colleges of

Education in Nigeria is on the decline going by the low quality of teachers turning out every

year.

Alos et al. (2015) greatly emphasized the importance of having qualified teachers in the

field of teaching, and said that success of any program is conditioned by the ability of the teacher

to teach. If there is failure at this point, the wholes structure fails. Hence, the implementation,

selection, preparation and supervision of education will be affected. Moreover, Dewett (2007)

mentioned that good teachers are constantly on the alert for methods and instructional materials

that will make learning meaningful. With the wise selection and use of a variety of instructional

materials or audio-visual materials, experiences may be provided to develop understanding.

Education system in Nigeria has been in crisis for many years largely due to the fact that the

sector is poorly funded. This has led to shortage supply of learning materials and human

resources being experienced in the system. Inadequate qualified teachers, high turnover rate of
teachers, shortage of classroom, and poor remuneration of teachers and a host of other problems

abound in the education sector. The economic crisis experienced in Nigeria impacted on the

education system and had played a major role in the decline of the quality of Education offered

in the country (Olabiyi and Abayomi 2010). Meanwhile, the future of every nation depends

largely on the fate of every child that is born into her; most especially those that are privileged to

go through the academic walls of the nation starting from the primary level of education to the

tertiary institution. Education is an important industry for social, political and economic

development and is being affected by the environment within which it exists (Adediran, Ojomo

& Adeyanju, 2015).Hence, national development has been founded by those who are experts in

their areas of specialization, and this would not have been imaginable without the instrumentality

of the educational system. Every country endeavours to provide quality education for its people.

This problem, as a phenomenon, calls for intensive investigation to know the root causes of this

poor academic performance in Colleges of Education in Nigeria. This research was conducted to

identify the factors that are affecting the academic performance of students in Colleges of

Education in southwest, Nigeria which would help in providing suggestions that would promote

a better academic performance in the study area and Nigeria at large.

Methods to be used

A. Participants and/or other sources of data and information

The researchers will purposively select grade 10 students who are currently enrolled

under the online and modular modalities. A total of 10 Grade 10 learners were the participants of

the study with five (5) and five (5) students from Compassion and Prudence respectively. These

learners were selected purposively since they have internet connections at home that will be

needed in answering the questions.

B. Data Gathering Methods

The researchers will craft an action research proposal which will be approved by the

school principal and teacher. Appropriate adjustments will be done upon the recommendation of

the research committee.

Prior to the conduct of the study, the researchers also obtained approval from the parents

of Grade 10 students participating in the study. The purpose of this study and its effect on the

students will be clarified to the parents/guardians during this stage in order to obtain their

permission for the students to participate in the study.

In gathering the pertinent data, respondents will be answering the questions that

researcher will give in an interview form. They will answer the questions in their own perception

and experience.

C. Data Analysis Plan

To analyze the gathered data, this study will use purposive sampling. Through

thematic analysis, their answers to the questions will be carefully analyzed and examined by the

researchers to gather the information about the factors affecting their performance.

Output of the Study

The data provided will be the main output of the study. It can be used for enhancing teaching and

learning, decion-making, and strategy on how to handle the factors affecting grade 10 learners’

performance in MAPEH. The output of the study will be an action plan

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