The article and the lecture are both about altruism behavior in which a living being sacrifices its

own
interest for another living being. By performing this act, individuals do not gain anything for
themselves. The lecturer disputes the claims made in the article.

In the reading, the author begins by stating that there are some benefits of performing this act
among humans and animals. For instance, when humans donate body organs to their family or share
food with strangers. The lecturer, however, disagrees with this view-point. She states that even
though these types of act can bring good merit to another people, it is just not valuable to the
people who donate. Sometimes, they do not receive appreciation of their deed and therefore, do
not improve their sense of self worth.

Secondly, the author provides another example that many animal species willing to sacrifice food or
their life to help other members of their group. For example, a meerkat often behaves as a sentinel
to look out for predators while the others hunt for food. The sentinel issues an alarm when there are
some predators come near the groups. It has to flee alone after give a warning and they do not have
opportunity to eat. The lecturer believes that there are flaws in the writer's argument. She notes
that sentinels have eating habit before they stand guard to watch out predators. They most likely
escape first because they usually guard near the burrow. Moreover, she gives another explanation
that animals which hunt for food are in greater danger. Also, alarm calls can sometimes be easily
mistaken, because these can be interpreted into two things, either animals have to gather around or
they have to move around very quickly to escape from predators.

To sum up, both the writer and the professor hold conflicting views about altruistic behavior.
Independent Writing Task

Young people enjoy life more than older people do.

In my opinion, young people enjoy their life more than older people do. Young people's spirit and
enthusiasm are enough to make them feel livelier than older people.

First of all, young adults have more energy and healthier physical features to do some activities. This
is different from older people who sometimes have disabilities to do anything. For example, my
sister and I usually went for swimming in water park when we were in elementary school. We
explored most of the location and tried every types of slide numerous times. There was a time that
we asked our mom to join us swimming. Unfortunately, my mom had some knees problem and she
was already 50 years old. She told us that she would still accompany us even though she could not
swim. Thus, my sister and I only swam near our mom's waiting location. From that experience, I
begin to realize that by the time people get older, their preference to enjoy life will shift greatly.
They also cannot do things that they used to do it before because of their age and limited energy.

Secondly, young people do not have much responsibility than older ones. Most of older people have
obligation to take care of their family, to earn money, or to survive living. These responsibilities often
make them unable to enjoy life to the fullest as they prefer to use their time doing more important
things. Older people also tend to choose activities that favors their families or children, like visiting
places that safe for children or watching appropriate movies when they go to cinemas with kids. On
the other hand, young adults can act freely and go to whenever places that they want to with their
friends. I have an example that compels with this statement. During my job, my boss often had to
choose the employees to supervise on safety trainings. Most of these trainings are held outside the
city and required days to finish up. Because of this, my co-worker, who had three young children,
could not travel for a long time as she had to babysit her children and her household did not have a
housekeeper. Hence, most of the training supervisor tasks were delegated to the young workers as
they could travel for a long time and had more stamina to visit remote area. These remote works
were great benefit for me as one of the young workers. I was able to discover places that I have
never visited before and experienced new things.

To sum up, I believe that young people have abilities to enjoy life more than older people do. This is
because young adults have stronger energy and they do not have to bear responsibility for other
people.
The article and the lecture are both about appearance of professors in television to give expert
commentary on the newest events in the world. The author of the passage feels that there are some
great benefits of the professors' presence in television programs. The lecturer in the listening
passage disagrees with this statement. She believes that there are some bad effects of professors'
presentation in television.

In the reading, the author begins by stating that professors can get reputations as experts in their
academic fields among a much wider audience. The lecturer, however, claims that this view-point is
not true. She states that the reputation can turns out to be unfavourable for the professor
themselves. This is because there are some impressions that professors who get invited to attend
television programs are not actually scholar and they are only intended to entertain the public.
Other consequence is that they may not be able to attend important events to discuss academic
issues.

Secondly, the author suggests that the presence of the professors’ in the television can level up
universities publication which leads to more donations for the university and more prospective
students. The lecturer, however, asserts that the professors' appearance on television can take a lot
of time as they have to prepare presentation, rehearsals, travelling to studios, and getting ready for
airing. She believes that the professors' should use their time to do more important things related to
university business rather than showing up on television.

Lastly, the author claims that the public also gains a chance to learn from experts and gets to know
other rare views on problems from professors' appearing on television. Again, the lecturer believes
that there is flaw in the writer's argument. She notes that most television programs do not aim to
provide serious academic lecture. She goes on to say that the television producers are only attract to
the professors' academic title to acquire more audience for higher rating.
Independent Writing Task

People work because they need money to live. What are some other reasons that people
work? Discuss one or more of these reasons. Use specific examples and details to
support your answer.

Recently, if you asked some people on the streets about the reasons for them working on a job, I am
fairly sure that most of their answers would be to gain more money. This is understandable enough
as everything nowadays cost money and they have no choice but to work as they must survive in
living. However, I believe that there are other reasons that people work beside for money.

Firstly, there are some people who cannot stand staying at home and do nothing. They think that
without work, their life is meaningless and dormant. Even if they accomplish few in their job
position, merely having a job will always sound far better than being unemployed for some made up
reason in society. It gives them feeling of being productive. Also, working on a job gives them plenty
of experience and widen their perspective as they communicate with different type of people and
work as a team. Thus, there are a lot of people who do not mind working on low paying jobs, like
cashier, waiter, shop attendant, cleaning service, and drivers.

Another reason why people work is they want to be useful and help others with their problems.
They prefer to contribute and make a difference to people out there. Also, when they are being
useful, they feel that they become a better person and being remembered long after they did good
deeds. The example of this will be the health workers. Since pandemic spread out in 2019, these
workers have to be stationed in hospital every day to treat sick and infected people. Their job is risky
because they are constantly being exposed to the deadly virus and this can endanger their lives.
Most of them are also not paid enough as the hospitals do not have or receive enough funds from
government to manage patients in the middle of pandemic. Hence, these medical staffs keep on
working because they have this obligation to save and cure the sick people no matter what the
circumstances are.

To sum up, I think that money is not the only purpose for working. People work because they like
being productive and they love knowing that they make a positive impact on others.