Service Information

Document Title: Function Group: Information Type: Date:

Control valve, description 912 Service Information 10/24/2019
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Control valve, description

The control valve is a spool/poppet valve with closed centre.
The valve consists of three sections where each section consists of three blocks, see Fig.

Figure 1
Control valve

1. Anti-cavitation valve, lowering function

2. Anti-cavitation valve, tilting out function
3. Back-up valve, return oil
4. Tilting section
5. Lifting section
6. 3rd section (optional)

Each section controls one hydraulic function, i.e. lifting/lowering, tilting in / tilting out and 3rd function. The sections are
connected in parallel which means that several functions can be operated simultaneously.
NOTE!
The valve can also be obtained with two sections without the 3rd function.

The valve is provided with shock valves for the tilting function, the 3rd function and for the lifting function.
The shock pressures are adjusted with shims.
The valve is also provided with anti-cavitation valves for the lowering and tilting out functions. To prevent cavitation, the valve is
provided with a back-up valve for the return oil.
Figure 2

1. Draining of oil behind the stem pistons

2. Draining of LS-pressure (bleed off)
3. Restriction
4. Plug
5. Blocked duct with hex socket plug

Control valve, component parts

principle diagram, tilting section, see Fig. Figure 4
Figure 3
Control valve, lifting section

1. Stem piston
2. Valve cone
3. Piston
4. Load-holding valve with valve seat
5. Spool
6. Spring
7. Support washer
8. Shock valve
9. Shims

1 Spool. Is actuated by servo pressure.

2 Load-holding valve.Opens if the pump pressure is higher
than the pressure acting on the back of the load-holding
valve. This prevents the load from lowering, when initiating the
lifting movement. The pressure out to shock valve 3 is
conducted through the duct in the load-holding valve.
3 Shock valve.
4 Restriction. Positioned in the steel gasket between the blocks.
5 Non-return valves for the LS-pressure is directed via the duct
to the flow compensator on the pump.
6 Poppet with stem piston7 (poppet valve). The stem piston
works as a pilot valve for poppet 6. The stem piston is opened
either by servo pressure when spool 1 is actuated or by shock
pressure. At shock pressure, the stem piston will open with the
aid of the oil passing shock valve 3. When the stem piston
opens, there is no spring force on poppet 6, which means that
it opens and limits the pressure in the motor port. Cavitation is
also prevented when the poppet opens.
8 Optional anti-cavitationvalve for tilting out.
9 Back-up valvefor return oil, 0.6 MPa (6 bar) (87 psi).
10 Cylinder
11 Restriction for draining LS-pressure (bleed off).
12 Separate draining for the oil behind the stem pistons.
Figure 4
Tilting section, neutral (Principle diagram)

Red = Oil under pressure

Green = Return oil, without pressure
Violet = Oil closed in
Orange = Stand-by pressure

Tilting section, tilting in

Servo pressure acts on the left side of spool 1 and on stem piston 7.
The oil behind stem piston 7 is drained through connection 12.
Oil from the hydraulic pump opens the load-holding valve 2.
The oil passes the poppet valve and is conducted to the piston end of the tilting cylinder.
Non-return valve 5 opens and directs LS-pressure back to the flow compensator on the hydraulic pump.
The LS-pressure is drained by means of a restriction 11 (bleed off) to tank.
The oil from the piston rod end of the tilting cylinder is conducted to poppet 6.
The poppet is opened by the oil pressure from the cylinder when the stem piston is kept open by servo pressure.
The oil is then conducted to back-up valve 9 and further on to the tank.

Figure 5
Tilting section, tilting in
Red = Oil under pressure
Green = Return oil, without pressure
Blue = Return pressure
Violet = Oil closed in
Orange = Servo pressure

Tilting section, shock function

Shock pressure is reached at the piston end of the tilting cylinder, if, for instance, a large stone falls into the bucket. The oil is
conducted past poppet 6 on to load-holding valve 2 and further via the duct in the load-holding valve to shock valve 3.
Sock valve 3 opens and directs part of the oil flow through restriction 4 back to the tank. The remaining part of the oil flow acts
on stem piston 7.
The oil behind stem piston 7 is drained through connection 12.
The LS-pressure is drained through a restriction 11 (bleed-off) to tank.
The stem piston opens and the spring force on poppet 6 disappears, which means that poppet 6 opens because of the pressure
which acts on the outside of the poppet.
When the poppet opens, the oil is conducted to the back-up valve 9 and to anti-cavitation valve 8.
Anti-cavitation valve 8 opens and permits a supply of oil so that cavitation is prevented. Any superfluous oil is conducted back to
the tank.
Figure 6
Tilting section, shock function

Red = Oil under pressure

Green = Return oil, without pressure
Blue = Return pressure
Orange = Stand-by pressure

Lifting section, lifting

Servo pressure acts on the left side of spool 1 and on stem piston 7.
The oil behind stem piston 7 is drained through connection 12.
Oil from the hydraulic pump opens load-holding valve 2.
The oil passes the poppet valve and moves on to the piston end of the lifting cylinder.
Non-return valve 5 opens and conducts LS-pressure back to the flow compensator on the hydraulic pump.
The LS-pressure is drained by means of a restriction 11 (bleed off) to tank.
The oil from the lifting cylinder piston rod end is conducted to poppet 6, the poppet is opened by the oil pressure from the
cylinders when the stem piston is kept open by servo pressure.
The oil is then conducted to back-up valve 9 and further on to tank.

Figure 7
Lifting section, lifting

Red = Oil under pressure

Green = Return oil, without pressure
Blue = Return pressure
Violet = Oil closed in
Orange = Servo pressure

Lifting section, lowering / tilting in

The servo pressure for lowering acts on the right side of spool 1 and on stem piston 7.
In order to make the hydraulic pump build up enough pressure to make it possible to operate the tilting-in function while, at the
same time, lowering; the servo pressure is conducted from the tilting-in function onto piston 12 behind load-holding valve 2.
This means that the pump must build up a higher pressure in order to open the load-holding valve.
LS-pressure to the flow compensator on the pump goes by means of non-return valve 5.
The LS-pressure is drained by means of a restriction 11 (bleed off) to tank.
The oil is conducted to the piston rod end of the lifting cylinder.
Oil from the lifting cylinder piston end is conducted to poppet 6.
The poppet is opened by the oil pressure because stem piston 7 is kept open with the aid of the servo pressure and the oil is
then conducted to back-up valve 9.
If the oil has a higher pressure than the oil at the piston rod end, the anti-cavitation valve 8 will open for further supply of oil.
Figure 8
Lifting section, lowering / tilting in

Red = Oil under pressure

Green = Return oil, without pressure
Blue = Return pressure
Violet = Oil closed in
Orange = Servo pressure

Lifting section, floating position

MA41 activated, see hydraulic diagram.
Servo pressure acts on both sides of spool 1 and on both stem pistons 7.
The oil behind stem pistons 7 is drained via connection 12.
This means that poppets 6 are not actuated by any spring force, but are instead controlled by oil pressure and oil flow.
The piston end and the piston rod end of the lifting cylinders then become connected.
The LS-pressure is drained by means of a restriction 11 (bleed off) to tank.

Figure 9
Lifting section, floating position

Green = Return oil, without pressure

Blue = Return pressure
Violet = Oil closed in
Orange = Servo pressure and stand-by pressure

Lifting section, single-acting lifting, stand-by (hydraulic pump unloaded)

Neutral position:
Stem piston 7 drains to tank via solenoid valve MA55A. The normal draining 12 is closed with a plug 13 which is fitted in the
duct. Solenoid valve MA55B is not energised.
Single-acting lifting function engaged:
When SW97 (on the instrument panel) is actuated MA55A and MA55B obtain supply. Servo pressure to MA55A ensures that
stem piston 7 and poppet 6 are closed. Thereby preventing topping up the piston end of the lifting cylinder.
The purpose of solenoid valve MA55B is to drain the piston rod end of the lifting cylinder during the upward movement. The
introduction of MA55B provides a faster draining and reaction.
NOTE!
In order to be able to lower the lifting arms with the single-acting lifting function engaged, the feed to MA55A and MA55B is
interrupted because sensor SE87 is opened by the servo pressure for the lowering function. (See wiring diagram 18:4 - 18:9 and
hydraulic diagram). When the feed to MA55A is interrupted, the pressure behind stem piston 7 is drained to tank and the stem
piston is thereby opened by the servo pressure.
Figure 10
Lifting section, single-acting lifting, stand-by (hydraulic pump unloaded)

Red = Oil under pressure

Green = Return oil, without pressure
Violett = Oil closed in
Orange = Servo pressure and stand-by pressure

3rd section, stand-by (hydraulic pump unloaded)

Neutral position:
Pistons 12 drained to tank.
Stand-by pressure on spool 1.
NOTE!
During brake charging, pressure from the BLS[1]i connection on the central valve will apply a maximum pressure of 16.5 MPa
(165 bar) (2393 psi) on the pistons. This means that the hydraulic pump must build up a higher pressure in order to open the
load-retaining valves 2 when the 3rd function is used. This takes place to ensure that brake charging is obtained during transport
operation with for example a sweeper or other attachment which works at an oil pressure between approx. 4 and 16.5 MPa (40
and 165 bar) (580 and 2393 psi).
Figure 11
3rd section, stand-by (hydraulic pump unloaded)

Green = Return oil, without pressure

Violet = Oil closed in
Orange = Stand-by pressure

Control valve (principle diagram and symbol diagram)

1 Spool
2 Load-holding valve
3 Shock valve
4 Restriction (in steel gasket)
5 Non-return valves (LS-pressure)
6 Poppet [2]i
7 Stem piston[3]i
8 Anti-cavitation valve
9 Back-up valve
10 Lifting cylinder
11 Restriction (draining LS-pressure) Bleed Off
12 Piston (for tensioning of load-holding valve)
12b Separate draining for the oil behind the stem pistons

Figure 12
Control valve (principle diagram and symbol diagram)

Figure 13
Control valve (symbol diagram)

[1]Brake Load Sensing

[2]Poppet valve

[3]Poppet valve