რიტორიკაა

ავტორის სტილი დაცულია
ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti

humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti
mariam qeburia
darwmunebis lingvopragmatikuli maxasiaTeblebi da praqtikuli

argumentacia politikur diskursSi
(qarTuli da amerikuli sajaro mimarTvebis safuZvelze)
filologiis doqtoris (PhD) akademiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad

warmodgenili
d i s e r t a c i a
samecniero xelmZRvaneli: filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori,

profesori manana rusieSvili
Tbilisi
2019
1
Sinaarsi
I Tavi klasikuri ritorikidan politikuri diskuris analizamde ............ 8

1.1 klasikuri ritorikis Sesaxeb ........................................................................................................... 8
1.2 ritorika da diskursi............................................................................................................................. 12
I Tavis daskvna .......................................................................................................................................................... 15
II Tavi darwmuneba, argumenti da kritikuli diskursis analizi (CDA) .. 17
2.1 darwmunebis Sesaxeb.................................................................................................................................... 17
2.2 muqi ferebi darwmunebaSi .................................................................................................................... 19
2.3 argumenti................................................................................................................................................................ 21
2.4 argumentacia politikur diskursSi ....................................................................................... 23
2.5 xarvezebi msjelobaSi - e.w. Fallacious arguments ............................................................26
2.6 darwmuneba argumentis Camoyalibebis gziT .................................................................... 28
2.7 kvlevis meTodi - diskursis kritikuli analizi (CDA) ................................... 30
II Tavis daskvna ........................................................................................................................................................ 34
III Tavi analizi .............................................................................................................................................. 36
3.1 saqarTvelos prezidentis wliuri angariSebis analizi.................................. 36
2005 wlis 10 Tebervali, saangariSo moxseneba ............................................................................. 37
2006 wlis 14 Tebervali ............................................................................................................................ 46

2007 wlis 15 marti ...................................................................................................................................... 52
2009 wlis 12 Tebervali ............................................................................................................................ 58
2010 wlis 26 Tebervali ............................................................................................................................ 65
2011 wlis 11 Tebervali ............................................................................................................................. 71

2012 wlis 28 Tebervali .......................................................................................................................... 81
3.2 gaeros generalur asambleaze wardgenili moxsenebebis analizi

(2004-20013 wlebi)................................................................................................................................................... 103
3.3 diskursisa da ideologiis urTierTkavSiris sakiTxi .................................. 112
3.4 amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis prezidentis wliuri angariSebis
analizi - The State of the Union Address .............................................................................................. 119
III Tavis daskvna .................................................................................................................................................... 137
Semajamebeli daskvna .......................................................................................................................................142
gamoyenebuli literatura: ..................................................................................................................... 147
2
Sesavali
„mWermetyvelebis xelovnebis meTodi darwmunebis meTodia,

darwmuneba ki raRac dasabuTebaa, amitomac yvelaze metad gvwams is, rac
dasabuTebulad migvaCnia (aristotele, ritorika 1355 a).“
saqarTvelos transformacia sabWoTa kavSiris qveynidan

damoukidebel saxelmwifomde sxvadasxva mimarTulebis mkvlevarTa
interesis sagania. uaxlesi istoriis manZilze saqarTveloSi
ganviTarebul movlenebs Tan sdevda emociuri sajaro gamosvlebi.
gaJRerda, daibeWda, sxvadasxva saSualebiT gavrcelda mravali
politikuri sajaro mimarTva. Tanamedrove epoqaSi, informaciis
gavrcelebis axali formebis ganviTarebasTan erTad, gafarTovda
politikuri xasiaTis enobrivi komunikaciis gavrcelebis arealic. jer
kidev antikur saberZneTSi „politika viTardeboda damarwmunebeli
sityviT da oratoruli niWiT dajildoebul pirs politikuri
Zalaufleba ergeboda“ (uorli 2009: 163). ideis damarwmunebeli xerxebiT
formulireba da gamoxatva dRevandel politikur cxovrebaSi
kvlavindeburad gasaTvaliswinebeli da Zlieri meqanizmia.
sadisertacio naSromis farglebSi, Cemi mizania politikuri

diskursis SerCeul nimuSebSi lingvopragmatikuli maxasiaTeblebis
gamovlena, sakvlev masalaSi 1) darwmunebis strategiebis
identificireba da analizi 2) argumentaciuli sqemebis identificireba
da analizi. argumentaciis sqemebs Soris analizisTvis saintereso
upirvelesi sakiTxi ukavSirdeba praqtikul arguments - gamoyenebulia
Tu ara SerCeul sakvlev masalaSi praqtikuli argumentaciis sqemebi, ra
ZiriTadi reprezentaciebi Cndeba teqstebSi, rogor mJRavndeba da
vrceldeba ideologia.
sakvlev masalad SerCeulia saqarTvelos yofili prezidentis

mixeil saakaSvilis mier sxvadasxva dros warmoTqmuli sajaro sityvebi,
kerZod, 2005 – 2012 wlebSi saqarTvelos umaRles sakanonmdeblo
organoSi wardgenili angariSebis teqstebi da 2004-2013 wlebSi gaeros
3
generalur asambleaze (UN General Assembly sessions) gaJRerebuli mimarTvis
teqstebi. amavdroulad, Sedarebis mizniT warmodgenilia aSS-is
prezidentis, barak obamas sajaro gamosvlebis – State of the Union Address -
teqstebis analizi (2010-2016 wlebis sajaro mimarTvebi). saqarTvelos
konstituciis Tanaxmad, qveynis pirveli piri weliwadSi erTxel
parlaments warudgens vrcel Semajamebel moxsenebas1. angariSSi igi
mimoixilavs rogorc gasuli wlis mniSvnelovan movlenebs, aseve
dagegmil, samomavlod gansaxorcielebel nabijebs.
kvlevis centraluri problema mdgomareobs SemdegSi: qarTuli da
amerikuli sajaro mimarTvebis analizi (diskursis am konkretuli
nimuSebis analizi) yuradRebas amaxvilebs wamyvani politikosebis mier
sazogadoebrivi Rirebulebebis, socialur jgufebze gavlenis,
ideologiis Seqmnis procesze. analizisTvis saintereso upirvelesi
sakiTxi ukavSirdeba praqtikul arguments – es aris komunikacia,
romelic miznad isaxavs, daarwmunos adresanti gadasadgmeli nabijis,
gasatarebeli politikis, miRebuli Tu momavalSi misaRebi
gadawyvetilebis sisworeSi.
naSromSi identificirebulia Semdegi problema: momxsenebelTa mier

gaJRerebuli praqtikuli argumentebis Tanmimdevruloba da praqtikuli
argumentebis Semadgeneli nawilebis – winamZRvrebebis kavSiri
erTmaneTTan. naSromis ZiriTadi miznis – kvlevisTvis SerCeul masalaSi
darwmunebis strategiebis da argument taciuli sqemebis analizis
gaTvaliswinebiT, identificirdeba Semdegi sakvlevi kiTxvebi:
- ra lingvopragmatikul maxasiaTeblebs mimarTavs momxsenebeli, ra gziT
cdilobs, rom komunikacia gaxados damarwmunebeli?
1
2005–2013 wlebis angariSebis sruli teqsti qarTul da inglisur enebze xelmisawvdomi
iyo prezidentis oficialur vebgverdze: www.president.gov.ge vebgverdi ukanasknelad
Semowmebulia 2013 wlis 17 agvistos, am droisaTvis zemoaRniSnul gverdze
ganTavsebulia saqarTvelos axlandeli prezidentis, giorgi margvelaSvilis
angariSebis teqstebi.
4
- ra reprezentaciebi ikveTeba politikuri diskursis mocemul
magaliTebSi?
- rogor, ra enobrvi formebiT mJRavndeba da vrceldeba ideologia?
naSromis aqtualobas ganapirobebs diskursis roli sxvadasxva

socialuri konteqstis Camoyalibebis procesSi. dRiTidRe izrdeba
rogorc interesi politikuri diskursis analizisadmi, aseve saWiroeba
imisa, rom politikuri xasiaTis enobrivi komunikacia gaanalizebuli
iqnas interdisciplinur WrilSi da amgvari kvlevis Sedegebi
gavrcelebuli iqnas akademiur wreebSi.
naSromis siaxles warmoadgens diskursis analizis erT-erTi

mimarTulebis –norman fearklos mier SemuSavebuli diskursis
kritikuli analizis (Critical Discourse Analysis) modeliT qarTuli da
amerikuli politikuri diskursis nimuSebis SedarebiTi da
SepirispirebiTi analizi
naSromis Teoriuli da meTodologiuri CarCo ukavSirdeba

diskursis kritikul analizs (Critical Discourse Analysis). imis
gaTvaliswinebiT, rom SerCeul teqstebSi, warsulSi mniSvnelovani
movlenebis mimoxilvasTan erTad, mimdinareobs msjeloba momavalSi
gasatarebel RonisZiebebze, kvlevis meTodologiis SerCevisas arCevani
swored diskursis kritikul analizze (CDA) gavakeTe. CDA gamoirCeva
disciplinaTa simravliT. igi mkvlevars saSualebas aZlevs, sxvadasxva
perspeqtividan gaaanalizos aqtualuri sakiTxebi da gamoxatos Tavisi
pozicia. naSromSi gansakuTrebul yuradRebas gavamaxvilebT argumentis
erT-erTi formis - praqtikuli argumentis identificirebasa da analizze
(fearklo 2001, vaisi J., vodaki r., 2007; vodaki r., kendali g., 2007).
naSroms aqvs Semdegi struqtura: Sesavali, sami Tavi, saerTo

daskvna da gamoyenebuli literaturis sia.
pirveli Tavi mimoixilavs informaciis mimRebis darwmunebis mizniT

enobrivi saSualebebis gamoyenebis xelovnebas – ritorikas. amave TavSi
saubaria ritorikis e.w. xuT kanonze – mWerმetyvelebis xuT wesze.
5
mimoxilulia diskursisa da politikuri diskursis definiciaTa
sxvadasxva versia, kavSiri darwmunebis uZveles xelovnebas – ritorikasa
da politikur diskurss Soris. meore Tavi eTmoba darwmunebis Teoriul
safuZvlebs da mis interdisciplinურ xasiaTs. darwmunebasTan
mimarTebaSi mimoxilulia avtoris – daniel ო’kifis mier Camoyalibebuli
paradigmuli nimuSebi (Paradigm cases). swored Ddaniel o’kifis definicia
aris, Cemi azriT, darwmunebis yvelaze misaRebi ganmarteba: ,,sxva
adamianis gonebriv mdgomareobaze gavlenis moxdenis warmatebuli
winaswarganzraxuli Zalisxmeva, romelic miRweulia komunikaciis
meSveobiT iseT garemoSi, sadac darwmunebas aqvs Tavisuflebis
garkveuli xarisxi” (o’kifi, 2002). naSromis meore TavSi aseve saubaria
darwmunebis e.w. ,,muqi ferebzec” (greay areas of persuasion) rodesac
sazogadoebaSi garkveuli damokidebulebis Seqmnis mizniT, momxsenebeli
sxvadasxva implicitur xerxs mimarTavs (xSirad aseTi implicituri
xerxi enobriv komunikacias scildeba). mesame TavSi warmodgenilia
kvlevisTvis SerCeuli masalis analizi. Seswavlilia saparlamento
angariSebis teqstebi Semdegi daTariRebiT:
2005 wlis 10 Tebervali;
2007 wlis 15 marti;
aseve, warmodgenilia prezident saakaSvilis inglisurenovani
sajaro gamosvlebis analizi gaeros generaluri asambleis sesiebis
farglebSi:
59-e sesia, 2004 wlis 21 seqtemberi;
me-60 sesia, 2005 wlis 15 seqtemberi;
63-e sesia, 2008 wlis 23 setemberi;
6
66-e sesia, 2011 wlis 22 სექტემბერი;
mcireodeni Sedarebis TvalsazrisiT, warmodgenilia amerikis
SeerTebuli Statebis prezidentis, barak obamas sajaro gamosvlebis
Semdegi teqstebis analizi:
State of the Union address 2010 wlis 27 ianvari
State of the Union address 2013 wlis 12 Tebervali
zemoaRniSnul sajaro gamosvlebSi diskursis kritikuli analizis
(CDA) mixedviT identificirebulia praqtikuli argumentebis sqemebi.
ganxilulia momxseneblebis mier gamoyenebuli darwmunebis strategiebi,
enobrivi xerxebi, xazgasmulia enobrivi komunikaciis saSualebiT
ideologiis Seqmnis sakiTxebi.
7
Tavi I - klasikuri ritorikidan politikuri diskuris
analizamde
1.1 klasikuri ritorikis Sesaxeb
saukuneebs miRma ena mTeli Tavisi didebulebiT antikuri aTenis

demokratias qmnida - aTenis rCeuli moqalaqeebi sajarod sityvis
warmoTqmis gziT moipovebdnen TavianTi xelisufalis saqmianobaSi
CarTvis uflebas. politikuri gadawyvetileba swored sajarod saubars
da saubris uflebis mqone moqalaqeebs efuZneboda. „politika
viTardeboda damarwmunebeli sityviT da oratoruli niWiT
dajildoebul pirs politikuri Zalaufleba ergeboda“ (uorli 2009:163).
mWermetyveleba gansazRvravda demokratiul moqalaqeobas, da, bunebrivia,
droTa ganmavlobaSi yalibdeboda misi Sefasebis maRali standartebi:
sajarod warmoTqmuli sityva unda yofiliyo daxvewili,
maRalmxatvruli da, rac mTavaria - damarwmunebeli.
mWermetyvelebaze dawvrilebiT mogviTxrobs ritorika, romelic,

ucxo sityvaTa leqsikonis mixedviT (WabaSvili, ucxo sityvaTa leqsikoni,
1989:600) ganmartebulia, rogorc mecniereba oratoruli xelovnebis
Sesaxeb. am mimarTulebiT antikur xanaSi udidesi moazrovneebis mier
Camoyalibebuli Teoriebi aqtualobas epoqebis manZilze inarCunebs.
msoflio mniSvnelobis filosofosis, aristoteles mixedviT, ritorikis
arsi imaSi mdgomareobs, rom sajarod sityvis mTqmelma msmeneli
daarwmunos, miiyvanos garkveul gadawyvetilebamde. darwmuneba miiRweva
enis farTo SesaZleblobaTa gamoyenebis gziT:
,,ritorika unda iyos yoveli sagnis Sesatyvisi damajeroblobiT

ganxilvis unari“ - ganmartavs aristotele. damajerebloba dasabuTebiT
miiRweva. dasabuTeba orgvari SeiZleba iyos: „xelovnuri“ da
„araxelovnuri“. „araxelovnur“ dasabuTebaSi aristotele gulisxmobs,
ase vTqvaT, obieqturad arsebul movlenebs, faqtebs, romelic „arsebobs
Cvengan damoukideblad“ da romelTa gamoyenebac SeuZlia sajarod
sityvis mTqmels Tavisi gamosvlis dros. „xelovnuri“ dasabuTeba ki
momxsenebelma unda ganaviTaros - rogorc avtori Tavad uwodebs -
8
„moipovos“. sainteresoa, rom aristotele xazs usvams ritorikis
mravaldisciplinur xasiaTs: „igi araa erTi gansazRvruli gvaris
movlenaTa xelovneba”. winamdebare kvlevis Sinaarsidan da interesidan
gamomdinare, prioritets mivaniWeb ritorikis gamoyenebas politikur
konteqstSi. platoni aRniSnavs, rom ritorika moicavs analitikur da
politikur codnas. aristotelem oratorebis saubris Tematika ase
Camoayaliba: „saxelmwifos Semosavali, omi da zavi, saxelmwifos dacva,
saqonlis Semotana da gatana da kanonmdebloba“. CamonaTvali namdvilad
moicavs politikuri mecnierebebisaTvis saintereso sagnebs.
magaliTisTvis, omi da zavi saxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnvelobis sagnebia. ai,
ras ambobs aristotele im oratoris Sesaxeb, romelic omsa da zavse
saubrobs:
„oratorma, romelic exeba omisa da zavis sakiTxebs, unda icodes

saxelmwifos Zliereba. e.i. Tu ris unari aqvs axla da rogor SeiZleba
is gaizardos momavalSi... saWiroa imis gaTvaliswinebac, Tu visTanaa
mosalodneli omi, raTa ufro Zlier mezobelTan SevkraT zavi, xolo
ufro sustebTan omis warmoeba Cvens survilze iyos damokidebuli“
(ritorika, 1360a).
berZuli da romauli tradiciebis mixedviT, ritorika wvrTnida

oratorebs, vinc sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi iyo aqtiurad CarTuli,
hqonda socialuri da politikuri funqcia-movaleobebi. momxseneblis
mimarT ndobis sakiTxi uZveles droSic mniSvnelovani iyo. aristoteles
„ritorikis“ mixedviT, mWermetyvelis warmateba didwilad ukavSirdeba
sazogadoebis mxridan misdami ndobas:
„zneobrivi xasiaTis mtkiceba maSin gvaqvs, roca sityva isea

warmarTuli, rom molaparake ndobas imsaxurebs, radgan saerTod karg
adamianebs ufro metad da ufro swrafad vendobiT yvelaferSi,
gansakuTrebiT iq sadac araa sizuste da sakiTxi mTlad sadavoa...
molaparakis zneobas udidesi zemoqmedebiTi Zala aqvs msmenelze“
(aristotele,ritorika,1356a).
aristotele saubrobs iseT SemTxvevebzec, rodesac msmeneli
oratoris naTqvams sarwmunod iRebs dasabuTebis gareSec: „mizezi imisa,
9
ris gamoc vendobiT orators, samia: es is movlenebia, roca gvjera
oratorisa dasabuTebis gareSe: goniereba, saTnoeba da keTilganwyoba
(ritorika, Tavi meore)”. msmenelis Secnobas da misi gonebis gulisyuriT
Seswavlas aucileblad mohyveba misi warmatebuli darwmuneba.
aristotele Tanmimdevrulad ayalibebs da urCevs ritors, Tu ra xerxiT
moaxdinos STabeWdileba msmenelze, rogor gaxados sityva damajerebeli
da arsebuli mdgomareobis Sesabamisi - „sityva mizanSewonilia maSin, Tu
sagnis Sesatyvisia, paTeturia da eTikuri. sityva mizanSewonilia maSin,
Tu mniSvnelovan movlenebze ar aris naTqvami sasxvaTaSorisod, xolo
umniSvneloze sadResaswaulod.“
„argumentebis ubadlo ostati, romaeli auditoriis saocrad kargi

mcodne“ - ase axasiaTebs cicerons jeims heriki (heriki, 2005) da aRniSnavs,
rom ciceroni ritorikuli ganaTlebis berZnul midgomebs iziarebda,
warmatebulad usadagebda berZnul ritorikul Teorias romaul
miznebTan. ciceronis De Oratore, rogorc Tavad avtori aRniSnavda,
aristoteles STagonebiT daiwera. ritorikaze saubrisas mniSvnelovnad
migvaCnia, mokled mimovixiloT mWermetyvelebis xuTi wesi, romelic
berZnuli da romauli samyaros SeTanxmebis sagani gaxda:
1. Inventio – (berZnuli Sesatyvisi – Euresis) yvela SesaZlo argumentis

moZebna, romelic ritoris mtkicebas gaamyarebs (swored am argumentebs
hyofs aristotele „xelovnur“ da „araxelovnur“ argumentebad);
2. Dispositio – (berZnuli Sesatyvisi - Taxis) sajaro sityvis teqstis

ganlagebis, misi mimdevrobis dadgena;
3. Elocutio – (berZnuli Sesatyvisi - Lexis, hermeneia phrasis) metyvelebis

stili, azrebisa da argumentebis cxadi eniT gamoTqma;
4. Memoria – (berZnuli Sesatyvisi - Mneme) mexsiereba. aristotele

miiCnevda, rom sajarod warmoTqmuli sityva damarwmunebeli maSin aris,
rodesac oratori zepirad gadmoscems mas;
5. Pronuntiatio – (berZnuli Sesatyvisi - Hypokrisis) sityvis efeqtiani

prezentaciis unari verbaluri da araverbaluri meTodebis gamoyenebiT;
sainteresoa, rom aseve klasikuri gagebiT, ritorika (konkretulad
10
ki saTaTbiro sityva - anu ritorikis is nawili, romelic politikuri
xasiaTis komunikacias moiazrebs) mimarTulia momavlisken, msmenelis
samomavlo moqmedebebis gaRvivebisken: Tu ra nabijebi unda gadaidgas da
ras unda veridoT. „ritorikis mecnierebis mTeli sazrunavi ar aris is,
rom siswore daadginos, aramed is, rom daadginos raime, rogorc
aucilebeli. igi imdenad sityvis simarTles ar ikvlevs, ramdenadac imas,
rom sityva vinmes ar adarebdes an ar awuxebdes, radgan samarTliania
brZola mxolod dasabuTebiT ise, rom mtkicebis garda sxva yoveli
xerxi zedmeti iyos“ (ritorika 1404 a).
cnobilia, rom mWermetyvelebis Sesaxeb codnas antikur xanaSi

sofistebi avrcelebdnen. isini, sakmaod maRali anazRaurebis sanacvlod,
studentebs damarwmunebeli metyvelebis xelovnebas aziarebdnen.
„aswavlidnen, Tu rogor unda CamoeyalibebinaT argumentebi, daeyoT
sajaro sityva logikur nawilebad, yuradRebiT SeerCiaT sityvebi da
moexdinaT maTi kombinireba“ (kenedi 2007) erT-erT cnobil sofists,
gorgiass ekuTvnis saintereso sityva „elenes qeba“. aRniSnul naSromze
yuradRebis gamaxvileba misi argumentaciuli xasiaTidan gamomdinare
gadavwyviteT: „elenes qeba“ aris mkiTxvelis darwmunebis mizniT
Tanmimdevrulad Camoyalibebuli sityva. avtori xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom
elenes saqebrad da mis winaaRmdeg arsebuli braldebebis
gasaqarwyleblad ganzraxuli aqvs ,,gonivruli sabuTebi warmoadginos“.
igi elenes mimarT gaJRerebuli braldebebis mixedviT, ganmartavs yvela
im mtkicebas, romelsac sityvaSi warmoadgens. magaliTad, is, rom elene
lamazia, gansazRvrulia misi RvTiuri warmomavlobiT, „aseT mSobelTa
patrons RvTaebrivi silamaze dahyva“. avtoris mixedviT, elenes mier
Cadenili saqcieli troas omTan mimarTebaSi SesaZloa, gamowveuli
yofiliyo oTxi faqtoriT (da metad sainteresoa, rom am oTxi
faqtoridan erT-erTi kvlav damarwmunebeli komunikaciaa): siyvarulis,
damarwmunebeli sityvis, RvTiuri aucileblobis an Zaladobis. gorgiasi
didi ostatobiT warmoadgens mtkicebulebebs da askvnis, rom arc erTi
zemoaRniSnuli mizezi mSvenieri elenes braleulobas ar adasturebs
(diloni j., da gergeli t., 2003:76-84).
11
ritorikisa da, gansakuTrebiT, sofistebis mimarT damokidebuleba
erTgvarovani ar yofila. sofistebs saSiS pirebadac ki miiCnevdnen imis
gamo, rom maT hqondaT darwmunebisa da am teqnkis swavlebis saocari
unari (kenedi, 2007). sainteresoa jeims herikis mier sofistebis Sesaxeb
antikur saberZneTSi azrTa sxvadasxvaobis mizezebis axsna: sofistebis
mimarT zogierTi aTenelis undobloba ramdenime faqtoriT iyo
ganpirobebuli: pirvel rigSi imiT, rom sofistebi swavlebas sakmaod
maRali gasamrjelos sanacvlod eweodnen. undoblobas iwvevda aseve is,
rom sofistebi, ZiriTadad, ucxoelebi iyvnen. maTTvis kargad iyo
cnobili rogorc aTenelebis Sexedulebani da rwmena, aseve msoflios
sxva nawilSi damkvidrebuli Sexedulebani. simarTled ki maT miaCndaT
is, rac argumentaciis Sedegad dgindeba“ (heriki, 2005).
1.2 ritorika da diskursi
sxvadasxva Tanamedrove avtorTan ritorikaze msjeloba xSirad

diskursTan mimarTebaSi gvxvdeba. magaliTad, jon heski ritorikaze
saubrisas aRniSnavs, rom aristotelesTvis ritorika aris praqtikuli
diskursi (heski, 2009).
„ritorika aris xelovneba an disciplina, romelic Seiswavlis

zepiri an werilobiTi diskursis gamoyenebas, raTa informacia gadasces,
daarwmunos an aumaRlos motivacia msmenels - iqneba es erTi piri Tu
adamianTa jgufi“ (korbeti e., konorsi r., 1999:3)
cnobilia, rom diskursis ganmarteba sxvadasxvagvaria da masTan

dakavSirebul azrTa sxvadasxvaobas ganapirobebs konkretuli kvlevis
sagani. mkvlevrebi Tanxmdebian, rom diskursi moicavs rogorc zepir
komunikacias, aseve enis werilobiT formas (Soliarki l., fearklo n.,
1991; fearklo 2003, renkema 2005). zogadad, ganmartebebTan dakavSirebiT -
iqneba es ritorikis, diskursis, Tu politikuri diskursis definicia -
migvaCnia, rom Tanamedrove samyaroSi srulyofilad zusti ganmarteba
nel-nela qreba. disciplinebis mWidro TanamSromlobam socialur da
humanitarul mecnierebebSi ukve damkvidrebuli terminebic ki Secvala -
12
damatebiTi Sinaarsi SesZina (ra sakvirvelia, im SemTxvevaSi, roca saqme
exeba Tavisi SinaarsiT moqnil cnebebs, romelTa danaxvac sxvadasxva
kuTxidanaa SesaZlebeli).
diskursis mkvlevrebi winadadebis farglebs scdebian da

yuradRebas amaxvileben imaze, Tu ra gavlenas axdens winadadebaTa
formebze mimdebare winadadebebi teqstsa da metyvelebaSi. magaliTad,
calke aRebuli, calke mdgomi winadadeba, SesaZloa iyos, erTis mxriv,
gramatikulad gaumarTavi, da aseve azrs moklebuli. winadadebaTa
diskursuli Tanmimdevrobis farglebSi ki aseTi Seusabamobis axsna
SesaZlebelia. gamotovebul gramatikul (Tu sxva saxis) informacias
winamorbedi winadadebebi aanazRaurebs. van daiki diskursis Sinaarsis
Seswavlis Sesaxeb aRniSnavs, rom arsebobs analizis mikro done -
rodesac SeviswavliT im winadadebaTa damokidebulebas, romelic
erTmaneTs mosdevs. aseve, arsebobs diskusis Sinaarsis - makro donis
analizi. orive SemTxvevaSi, varkvevT, Tu ra aniWebs diskurss
mniSvnelobas da riTi gansxvavdeba diskursi araTanmimdevruli
winadadebebisagan (van daiki 1997) .
interdisciplinuri xasiaTi diskursis Seswavlam 1960-iani wlebis

Sua periodidan miiRo. diskursis analizisას lingvistika sxvadasxva
mecnierebas mimarTavs imisda mixedviT, Tu ra amocanas isaxavs kvleva.
aseT dros lingvistika mWidro kavSirSia socialur mecnierebebTan. van
daiki da norman fearklo xSirad aRniSnaven, rom lingvistikas SeuZlia
politikuri mecnierebisaTvis gansakuTrebiT saintereso masalis
miwodeba. diskursis analizis farglebSi aqtualuri xdeba iseTi
sakiTxebi, rogoricaa Zalaufleba, ideologia. diskursis meSveobiT
iqmneba, gadakeTdeba, icvleba adamianTa damokidebuleba iseTi sakiTxebis
mimarT, rogoricaa genderi, eTnikuri umciresobebi da a. S. Ddiskurss
SeuZlia garkveuli ideologiis danergva, ideologiuri sakiTxebis
sazogadoebamde mitana imgvarad, TiTqos esa Tu is mocemuloba iyos
norma (van daiki 1995; fearklo 1992, 2003).
sainteresod mimaCnia, warmogidginoT van daikis mier

darwmunebasTan dakavSirebuli xedva, romelic man gagvacno krebulSi
13
Discourse as Interaction in Society (diskursi, rogorc sazogadoebaSi interqcia,
1997:18): nacvlad imisa, rom vinmes moqmedeba pirdapiri formiT vubrZanoT
an Riad movuwodoT, SegviZlia, impliciturad davarwmunoT igi da
CvenTvis sasurveli qmedebisken vubiZgoT. marTvis diskursi am
SemTxvevaSi xdeba mkrTali, teqstSi igi gamoxatulic ki ar aris.
msmenelis/Setyobinebis mimRebis winaSe warmovaCenT uaryofiT
alternativas ise, rom igi CvenTvis sasurvel arCevans akeTebs. „Tu Cven
diskurss SeuZlia adamianebis amgvarad darwmuneba, da arapirdapir
vakontrolebT maT moqmedebas Cveni interesebisamebr, maSin warmatebiT
movaxdineT maTi manipulireba teqstisa da metyvelebis meSveobiiT. am
SemTxvevaSi socialuri Zalauflebis gamosaxatad gamoiyeneba termini
hegemonia: hegemoniuri Zalaufleba adamianebs aiZulebs imoqmedon ise,
TiTqos es iyos bunebrivi, normaluri... brZaneba, moTxovna SeTavazebac ki
ar xdeba saWiro.“ (van daiki, 1997). avtors magaliTad mohyavs dasavleTSi
metad popularuli Tema - migracia: rodesac mTavroba moqalaqeebs
migraciis ekonomikuri da socialuri safrTxeebis Sesaxeb „uxsnis“,
axdens, ase vTqvaT, mosaxleobis „informirebas“, igi amavdroulad
ayalibebs mosaxleobaSi misTvis misaReb damokidebulebas migraciasTan
mimarTebaSi. aseTi Camoyalibebuli Sexedulebis safuZvelze
mosaxleobam, SesaZloa, protesti gamoxatos imigrantebis mimarT. avtori
aqve dasZens, rom migraciis politika mraval dasavlur qveyanaSi
umeteswilad swored amgvari diskursis daxmarebiT xorcieldeba (van
daiki, 1997).
socialur da politikur terminTa leqsikoni - cnobari (socialur

mecnierebaTa centri, 2004) diskurss ase ganmartavs: ,,miSel fukos mier
gamoyenebuli cneba imis asaxsnelad, Tu rogor cdiloben adamianebi
Seitanon wesrigi socialuri cxovrebis qaosSi. diskursi aris
urTierTdakavSirebuli debulebebis an cnebebis erToblioba, erTgvari
„ena“, romelic gansazRvravs socialuri samyaros elementebs Soris
urTierTobas. socialuri movlenebi yovelTvis arsebobs mxolod
garkveuli diskursis farglebSi da sxvagvari arseboba ar gaaCnia...
Zalze mniSvnelovania, rom diskursi aramxolod qmnis (an aRwers)
14
socialur urTierTobebs, aramed iyenebs codnas Zalauflebis
dasafuZneblad. fukos mixedviT, codna sxvebze Zalauflebis wyaroa,
ramdenadac diskursi gamoiyeneba qcevis gasakontroleblad da
saxelmZRvanelod. is, vinc akontrolebs diskurss, flobs imis Zalas,
rom gansazRvros sxvaTa poziciebi“ (სოციალურ და პოლიტიკურ ტერმინთა
ლექსიკონი-ცნობარი, 2004).
ra aZlevs diskurss politikur elfers?
sametyvelo komunikacia, werilobiTi teqsti, romelic Seexeba

politikas xdeba politikuri diskursi. mas qmnian politikosebi da
politikur procesebSi CarTuli sxva pirebi: sazogadoeba, moqalaqeebi,
yvela monawile. winamdebare naSromi iziarebs Sexedulebas, romelic
ganaviTares izabela da norman fearkloebma, rom politikuri diskursi
aris argumentaciis forma, ufro konkretulad ki - praqtikuli
argumentaciisa, ,,romelic emxroba an uaryofs moqmedebis konkretul
gzebs, argumentacia, romelsac SeuZlia Seqmnas gadawyvetilebis
safuZveli” (fearklo i., fearklo n., 2012). aqve, avtorebi ganmartaven,
rom argumentacia ar aris politikuri diskursis erTaderTi
Semadgeneli nawili da dasZenen, rom „politika ukavSirdeba
gadawyvetilebebis miRebas imis Taobaze, Tu rogor unda moviqceT
garkveuli garemoebebisa da miznebis sapasuxod... arCevani da moqmedeba ki
praqtikul argumentaciazea dafuZnebuli “ (fearklo i., fearklo n., 2012).
I Tavis daskvna
am naSromis pirvel TavSi saubaria klasikur ritorikasa da

politikuri diskursis Soris arsebul kavSirze. cneba, romelmac isini
erTmaneTs winamdebare kvlevaSi daukavSira aris darwmuneba – enis
gamoyeneba politikur konteqstSi msmenelis / informaciis mimRebis
darwmunebis mizniT. sajarod sityvis warmoTqmam mniSvnelovani wvlili
Seitana demokratiuli sazogadoebis Camoyalibebis procesSi da es
procesi antikuri aTenis wiaRidan daiwyo, sadac moqalaqeobis sakiTxi
swored sajarod warmoTqmul sityvas ukavSirdeboda. politikuri saxis
15
enobriv komunikacias saukuneebis win aristotele ritorikis saTaTbiro
sityvaSi ganixilavda. ritorika wvrTnida sazogadoebriv Tu politikur
cxovrebaSi aqtiurad CarTul pirebs. migvaCnia, rom antikur xanaSi
Camoyalibebuli wesebi politikuri xasiaTis warmatebuli enobrivi
komunikaciis Sesaxeb dRevandelobaSi zedmiwevniT relevanturia.
mas Semdeg, rac lingvistikis Seswavlis sfero gascda sityvaTa

jgufisa Tu calkeuli winadadebebis Seswavlis farglebs, mkvlevrebma
lingvisturi analizis ganxorcielebis dros etapobrivad sxvadasxva
disciplinas mimarTes. meoce saukunis mkvlevarTa mxridan xSiria
diskursisa da ritorikis dakavSirebis SemTxveva, magaliTisTvis,
gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa eduard korbetis (korbeti e., konorsi r.,
1999) mier warmodgenili ganmarteba, romlis mixedviTac ritorika
diskursis gamoyenebas Seiswavlis msmenelis informirebis, darwmunebis
an motivirebis mizniT.
16
II Tavi darwmuneba, argumenti da diskursis kritikuli
analizi (CDA)
2.1 darwmunebis Sesaxeb
Peithein, dicendo persuadere ... (daarwmune, daarwmune saubriT)
winamdebare kvlevis farglebSi, darwmunebaze yuradRebis

gamaxvileba gadavwyvite Tavisi uZvelesi istoriidan gamomdinare.
darwmunebis Seswavla mravali sxvadasxva disciplinis interess
warmoadgens. masTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi ganixileba komunikaciis,
fsiqologiis, iurisprudenciis, marketingis da mravali sxva dargis
farglebSi. dRes metad aqtualuri da ocdameerTe saukunis yuradRebis
centrSi myofi darwmuneba uZvelesi droidan modis. „Aristotele’s theory of
rhetorical discourse has withstood the test of time, furnishing axioms that guide today’s
practitioners of persuasion and campaigns”
,,aristoteles Teoriam ritorikis diskursis Sesaxeb drois

gamocdas gauZlo, forma misca im aqsiomebs, romelTac darwmunebis
Tanamedrove praqtikosebi eyrdnobian (pfau m., ferot r., 1993:25).
darwmuneba da ritorika erTmaneTTan faqtobrivad gaaigives Jan

jounsma da herbert saimonsma. ganixilaven ra ritorikis mimarT antikur
periodSi arsebul azrTa sxvadasxvaobas, avtorebi aRniSnaven, rom
„platoniseuli kritika da arisoteles mxridan ritorikis dacva - orive
Seicavs udides sibrZnes...ritorikis gamoyeneba SeiZleba motyuebis,
SecdomaSi Seyvanis, gamoyenebisa da daCagvris mizniT. (jons J., saimons h.,
2001:7). darwmunebis Teorias da kvlevis aspeqtebs saintereso Sroma
miuZRvna daliel o’kifim dasawyisSive, sanam cnebis ganmartebas Seudgeba,
igi zogadad definiciebTan dakavSirebul sirTuleze saubrobs:
,,Definitions can be troublesome things, precisely because they commonly are treated as
providing sharp-edged distinctions, as somehow drawing sharp lines (between what is and is not
persuasion, in the case of definitions of persuasion) What is troublesome about sharp lines is that
no matter where they are drawn, it is possible to sustain objection to their locations (O’Keefe,
2002).
17
(definicia SeiZleba saxaTabalo ram iyos, radgan mas evaleba
mkveTri gansxvavebebis warmoCena, gamyofi xazis gavleba – darwmunebis
SemTxvevaSi definiciam mkveTrad unda ganasxvavos es cneba sapirispiro
mniSvnelobisgan. mkveTri xazebis gavlebaSi ki saproblemo is aris, rom
sadac ar unda gavavloT xazebi, maTi mdebareobisadmi winaaRmdegoba
mainc darCeba (o’kifi 2002).
marTlac, rodesac saqme exeba aseT interdisciplinur cnebas,

SesaZloa, Cveneuli ganmarteba aRmoCndes Zalian farTo, an piriqiT -
metismetad konkretuli. rogorc avtori aRniSnavs, konceptTa
umravlesobas aqvs ,,bundovani napirebi” (Fuzzy edges) – ,,Grey areas in which
application of the concept is arguable” (nawili, sadac konceftis Sinaarsi davis
sagania) (o’kifi 2002). da sul erTia, rogor gavavlebT zemoaRniSnul
xazs, konceptis definiciis dros yovelTvis wavawydebiT winaaRmdegobas
- raRac yovelTvis darCeba miuRebeli. aseT SemTxvevaSi erT-erTi
saukeTeso gamosavalia konceptis paradigmul nimuSebze (Paradigm cases)
yuradRebis gamaxvileba. darwmunebas avtori swored paradigmuli
nimuSebisa da zogadi maxasiaTeblebis WrilSi ganixilavs. daniel o’kifi
miiCnevs, rom darwmunebis paradigma Semdeg elementebs Seicavs:
1) warmatebuli mcdeloba (davarwmuneT, maSasadame warmatebulad

gavarTviT Tavi dasaxul amocanas);
2) amocana (is, risi miRwevac gvsurs);
3) survili;
4) Tavisუfleba, adamianTa Tavisufali neba;
5) komunikacia, komunikaciis Sedegad miRweuli mizani;
6) cvlileba (im adamianis gonebaSi, visi darwmunebac gvaqvs ganzraxuli);
darwmuneba gamoirCeva Tavisi demokratiuli memkvidreobiTa da
xasiaTiT. avtoris mier warmodgenil paradigmaSi ,,Tavisufleba” swored
mis demokratiul xasiaTs ukavSirdeba. es komponenti mraval sxva
avtorTan gvxvdeba, rogorc darwmunebis umTavresi maxasiaTebeli
(rogorc wesi, sxva SemTxvevebSi igi rigiTobis mixedviT meoTxe adgils
ar ikavebs), romelic adamians aniWebs gadawyvetilebis Tavisuflebas:
„When the persuadee’s freedom is minimized or questionable, it becomes
18
correspondingly questionable whether persuasion is genuinely involved. One no longer has
straightforward exemplary case of persuasion ”(O’Keefe, 2002).
(rodesac adamianis Tavisufleba kiTxvis niSnis qveS dgebა, saTuoa

darwmunebis monawileobac. aseT SemTxvevaSi erTmniSvnelovnad ver
vityviT, rom komunikaciaSi darwmunebas aqvs adgili (o’kifi 2002).
darwmunebis definicias avtori swored zemoaRniSnuli paradigmis

wardgenis Semdgom ayalibebs - „A successful intentional effort at influencing
another’s mental state through communication in the circumstance in which the persuadee has
some measure of freedom”(O’Keefe, 2002).
(sxva adamianis goebriv mdgomareobaze gavlenis moxdenis

warmatebuli mcdeloba komunikaciis meSveobiT, iseT garemoebaSi, sadac
informaciis mimRebis Tavisufleba ar izRudeba (o’kifi 2002).
Cemi azriT, darwmunebas swored nebayoflobiTi xasiaTi aniWebs

mniSvnelovan rols demokratiul sazogadoebaSi. adamianis Tavisufali
nebis dacva jerard mileris (mileri 2012) mixedviT, darwmunebis
umniSvnelovanesi maxasiaTebelia. darwmuneba misTvisac emijneba iZulebas
(inglisurenovan literaturaSi am konteqstSi xSirad gvxvdeba sityva
coercion), Tumca, rig SemTxvevebSi SeiZleba Seicavdes irib iZulebas,
arapirdapir muqaras (Miller, 2012).
darwmunebasa da iZulebasTan dakavSirebiT avtorebs sxvadasxva

Sexeduleba aqvT. Jerard mileris mixedviT, SesaZlebelia, rom garkveuli
formiT darwmuneba Seicavdes iZulebas. herbert saimonsi (Simons, Morreale,
& Gronbeck, 2001) ki kategoriulad gamoricxavs iZulebis Tundac irib
monawileobas darwmunebis procesSi. surs ra Secvalos adamianTa
azrovneba, moqmedeba, grZnoba, igi gavlenis moxdenis mcdelobis erT-
erTi formaa, magram mas Tan aucileblad unda axldes nebayofloba.
2.2 muqi ferebi darwmunebaSi
Tanamedrove pirobebSi damarwmunebeli komunikacia bundovani gaxda

da xSirad Seicavs xarvezebs. herbert saimonsi aseT xarvezebs uwodebs
19
darwmunebis nacrisfer mxareebs - “The gray areas of persuasion are cases in which
intent to persuade is not so clear” (saimonsi 2001) (darwmunebis nacrisferi
mxareeebi, rodesac darwmuneba ar aris cxadad gamoxatuli). adamianebi
yovelTvis ar amJRavneben TavianTi mxridan msmenelis / Setyobinebis
mimRebis darwmunebis survils:
,,Human communication is often multimotivated. It takes place through multiple

channels. It is seldom fully explicit. Even then, intended meanings and received meanings can be
different (saimonsi 2001).
(adamianTa komunikacia xSirad aris mravalmxriv motivirebuli da

vrceldeba sxvadasxva arxis meSveobiT. igi iSviaTad aris bolomde
gamomxatvelobiTi. mniSvneloba, romelsac informaciis gamcemi
gulisxmobs da aRqmuli mniSvneloba SeiZleba erTmaneTisagan
gansxvavdebodes).
biznesisa Tu politikis warmomadgenlebi sxvadasxva xerxs

mimarTaven, raTa Setyobinebis mimRebi TavianT Sexedulebas, mosazrebas
aziaron da sakuTari gavlena gaaZlieron. riCard perlofi Tavis wignSi
metad saintereso magaliTs warmogvidgens. rogorc Tavad ganmartavs, es
aris mediaSi gamoyenebuli xarveziani darwmunebis magaliTi. ramdenime
wlis win aSS-is mTavrobis interesis gaTvaliswinebiT momzadda 90
wamiani satelevizio produqtis seria, romelic hgavda axal ambebs,
gadaicemoda adgilobrivi satelevizio arxebiT aSS-s udides qalaqebSi.
xelovnurad Seqmnili ,,axali ambebi” emsaxureboda mosaxleobis
Semzadebas da mTavrobis mier gatarebuli warmatebuli RonisZiebebis
,,gaSuqebis’’ gziT sazogadoebaSi garkveuli damokidebulebis Seqmnas.
rogorc Cans, darwmunebis aseTi xerxi moqmedi PR konsultantis q-ni
Kkaren raienis Cveuli praqtikaa (Tumca igi Jurnalistis saxiT moevlina
amerikis sazogadoebas). Tu gavecnobiT misi kompaniis veb-gverds,
vnaxavT, rom Karen Ryan Group momxmarebels sTavazobs TavianTi ideebis
wardgenas „to help clients present their ideas in compelling ways“ (ise, rom
momxmareblebs daexmaros TavianTi ideebis sasurveli formiT
gaJRerebaSi) kompaniis gunds didi gamocdileba aqvs satelevizio,
radio, beWduri mediis sferoSi, risi damsaxurebiTac kompania
20
momxmarebels efeqtian momsaxurebas sTavazobs www.karenryangroup.com (veb-
gverdi ukanasknelad gadamowmda 2017 wlis 8 agvistos). es gaxlavT erT-
erTi magaliTi kargad SeniRbuli (arc Tu ise samarTliani) darwmunebisa
- sazogadoebaSi garkveuli damokidebulebis Seqmnis mcdelobisa
(perlofi 2003).
rodesac vsaubrobT darwmunebis Tavisufal arCevanze,

nebayoflobiTobaze da iZulebisagan mkveTr gamijvnaze, zemoaRniSnuli
magaliTebi Cagvafiqrebs da kidev erTxel Segvaxsenebs, Tu raoden
rTulia, gaavlo zRvari darwmunebasa da iZulebas Soris.
2.3 argumenti
cnobilia, rom arsebobs mravali sxvadasxva saxis argumenti,

romelsac aqvs gansxvavebuli struqtura da mizani, es SeiZleba iyos
msmenelis darwmuneba, davis gadawyveta, molaparakeba da a.S. ritorikis
enciklopedia argumentacias ganmartavs, rogorc adamianTa msjelobas
gaamarTlon TavianTi rwmena, Rirebulebebi da gavlena moaxdinon sxvaTa
azrovnebasa da qmedebaze (ritorikis enciklopedia, Oxford University Press
2001:33). mniSvnelovania, rom ritorikis enciklopedia argumentacias
garkveuli saxis diskursad ganixilavs. argumentaciuli diskursi sxva
saxis diskursisagan Tavisi mTavari maxasiaTebliT gamoirCeva: masSi
warmodgenilia mtkiceba da mtkicebis gamamyarebeli msjeloba -
„Argumentative discourse is distinguished from narration, description, and exposition by
the fact that it makes claims on the audience and seeks to justify them. (ritorikis
enciklopedia, Oxford University Press 2001:34).
(argumentaciuli diskursi gansxvavdeba narativisagan, aRwerisagan,

radgan igi auditoriis winaSe waradgens garkveul mtkicebas da
ganixilavs misi gamyarebis gzebs).
norman fearklo da izabela fearklo wignSi „politikuri

diskursis analizi weren: „An argument is a set of statements (explicit or implicit) one
of which is a conclusion (a claim) while the others are premises. The conventional view is that
21
premises give reasons in support of the conclusion or attempt to justify the conclusion and the
conclusion purportedly follows from the premises” (fearklo i., fearklo n. , 2012:36)
(argumenti aris mtkiceba (eqsplicituri an implicituri), romelsac

aqvs daskvna da winamZRvrebebi am daskvnis gasamyareblad. aRniSnuli
winamZRvrebebi warmoadgenen mcdelobas, gaamyaron ZiriTadi daskvna/
mowodeba).
argumentacia aseve aRiqmeba, rogorc socialuri da racionaluri

aqtivoba - ecado garkveuli mtkicebis gamarTleba da miznad daisaxo
darwmuneba. igi aris „complex speech act” (kompleqsuri sametyvelo aqti),
romlis drosac msjeloba viTardeba informaciis mimRebis Sexedulebisa
Tu rwmenis Secvlis mizniT.
avtorebi jozef uiliamsi da gregori qolomi arguments kritikul

azrovnebas ukavSireben. sityva ‘kritika’ berZnuli warmomavlobisaa da
niSnavs adamians, romelsac msjeloba SeuZlia. avtorebis mixedviT,
msjelobis mTavari instrumentia swori SekiTxvebis dasma. kritikuli
msjeloba Sexedulebebis gamocdas, maT gadaxalisebas ukavSirdeba: When
you use argument to think critically, you test old ideas and develop new ones
(Joseph M. Williams, Gregory G. Colomb:2007:7)
(rodesac arguments iyeneb kritikuli azrovnebisaTvis, cdi Zvel

ideebs axali ideebis ganviTarebis mizniT (uiliamsi j. qolomi g. 2007:7).
aRiniSna, rom argumentaciuli msjelobis umTavresi

ganmasxvavebeli niSani sxva saxis komukinaciisagan aris misi
Semadgenloba: aucilebelia, rom mas hqondes garkveuli mtkiceba da
winamZRvreba. Aavtorebis - irving kopis da qeiT burges-jeqsonis (Irving M.
Copi, Keith Burgess–Jackson, 1992) mixedviT, argumenti ar aris ubralod
winadadebTa nakrebi, mas aqvs damaxasiaTebeli struqtura, aucileblad
Seicavs daskvnasa da daskvnis gamamyarebel winadadebebs. yvelaze martivi
Semadgenlobis argumenti daskvnis mxolod erT gamamyarebel
mocemulobas Siecavs. avtorebi aseve ganmartaven, rom winamZRvrebebisa
da mtkicebis mimdevrobas argumentSi ganmsazRvreli mniSvneloba ar aqvs.
daskvna, mtkiceba SesaZloa, warmodgenili iyos agumentis dasawyisSi,
22
daskvniT nawilSi, an sulac – abzacSi iyos gabneuli. garda aucilebeli
Semadgeneli nawilebisa: daskvnisa da winamZRvrebebisa, arguments xSir
SemTxvevaSi axlavs teqsti, romelic damatebiT informacias gvawvdis
garemoebaTa, mizanTa Tu sxvaTa Sesaxeb:
„A passage containing an argument also may contain prepositions that are neither
premises not conclusion of that argument, but presents information that helps the reader or hearer
understand what the premises and conclusion are about (Irving M. Copi, Keith Burgess–Jackson,
1992:13)”.
A(argumentis Semcveli abzaci SesaZloa aseve Seicavdes erTeulebs,

romelic arc mtkicebaa da arc misi gamamyarebeli nawili, aramed
informaciis mimRebs damatebiT informacias awvdis daskvnisa da
winamZRvrebebis Sesaxeb (kopi i., burges-jeqsoni q., 1992:13).
miuxedavad imisa, rom argumentSi daskvnis arseboba sruliad

aucilebelia, SesaZloa, daskvna ar iyos Riad, eqspliცiturad
gaJRerebuli. aseT SemTxvevaSi saxezea lingvisturad gamouxatavi daskvna
(Unstated conclusion) (kopi i., burges-jeqsoni q., 1992:11). avtorebis mixedviT,
implicituri daskvna konteqstis meSveobiT unda gavaanalizoT.
2.4 argumentacia politikur diskursSi
cnobilia, rom politikosebi gamudmebiT cdiloben msmenelis /

informaciis mimRebis darwmunebas TavianTi xedvis, ukve gadadgmuli Tu
momavalSi dagegmili nabijebis sisworeSi. politikaSi xdeba
gadawyvetilebebis miReba da gadawyvetileba efuZneba msjelobas.
politikuri diskursis mkvlevrebi norman da izabela feakloebi
miiCneven, rom politikuri diskursi swored amiT gansxvavdeba sxva saxis
diskursisagan: masSi asaxulia winaswargaanalizebuli, ganzraxuli,
nafiqri komunikacia:
“Because politics is concerned with decision-making, political discourse is inherently

deliberative...deliberation involves weighting reasons in favour of one or several proposals and
reasons against” (Isabela Fairclough & Fairclough, 2012).
23
(vinaidan politika ukavSirdeba gadawyetilebebis miRebas,
politikuri diskursi aris saTaTbiro xasiaTis. msjeloba moicavs
garkveuli winadadebis mxardamWer an mis sapirispiro argumentacias)
(fearklo i., fearklo n. , 2012:36).
politikaSi gadawyvetilebebis miReba xdeba garkveuli garemoebis,

situaciis sapasuxod. magaliTisTvis, zemoaRniSnuli avtorebi TavianT
wignSi ganixilaven im politikur argumentebs, romelic britaneTSi
gaJRerda arsebuli finansuri krizisis sapasuxod “Argument on what has to be
done in response to crisis”. politikuri diskursi Seicavs praqtikul
argumentacias. zogadad, Teoriuli msjelobisagan gansxvavebiT,
praqtikuli msjeloba mimarTulia momavalSi gansaxorcielebeli
nabijebisken: ra unda gakeTdes, ra RonisZieba unda gatardes. meores
mxriv, Teoriuli msjeloba emsaxureba imis dadgenas, Tu ra aris
simarTle (ar ganixilavs samomavlod raime nabijebis gadadgmas). aqve,
avtorebi ganmartaven, rom praqtikuli argumentacia ar aris politikuri
diskursis erTaderTi Semadgeneli nawili, magram is namdvilad aris
aRniSnuli diskursis centraluri nawili. vnaxoT, Tu rogoria
avtorebis mier SemoTavazebuli praqtikuli msjelobis struqtura
(sainteresoa, rom praqtikul argumentSi mizani da arsebuli mdgomareoba
warmodgenilia, rogorc winamRZvreba). praqtikuli argumentis
Semadgeneli nawilebia:
1) arsebuli garemoeba - winamZRvrebis Camoyalibebisas garemoebas,

arsebul situacias didi mniSvneloba eniWeba. is, vinc arguments
waradgens, arsebul mdgomareobas warmoaCens rogorc winamZRvrebas,
rogorc mizezs, romelsac mivyavaT miznamde (arsebuli garemoebis
gaTvaliswinebiT yalibdeba mizani). garkveuli nabijebi gadaidgmeba ara
mxolod mizanTa, aramed arsebuli mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT.
msjeloba emsaxureba arsebuli mdgomareobis Secvlas miznis misaRwevad.
2) mizani (saiTac mivdivarT, mdgomareoba, romelSic samomavlod gvinda

aRmovCndeT).
24
3) Means-Goals –mizan-Sedegobrivi kavSiri (varaudi imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra
moxdeba rodesac subieqti konkretul RonisZiebas gaatarebs, ra SeiZleba
mohyves gadadgmul nabijebs).
4) Rirebuleba – aseve ganixileba winamZRvrebis WrilSi. Rirebuleba

amyarebs winamZRvrebasac da argumentSi warmodgenil ZiriTad
mowodebasac.
5) mtkiceba – mowodeba garkveuli moqmedebisaken momavalSi gadasadgmeli

nabiji;
praqtikuli argumenti msjelobis erT-erTi sqemaa. yvela sxva sqemas

Tavisi Semadgeneli nawilebi da SekiTxvebi aqvs. praqtikuli argumentis
SemTxvevaSi, avtorebi - izabela da norman fearklo gvTavazoben, rom
winamZRvrebebi, mizani, miznis ganxorcielebis gzebi ganxilvis sagnad
vaqcioT, davsvaT SekiTxvebi - iqneb, garda msjelobis dros
SemoTavazebuli nabijebisa, arsebobs alternatiuli gza, romelsac
aseve mivyavdiT miznamde; (fearklo i., fearklo n. , 2012). winamZRvrebaSi
warmodgenili moqmedeba namdvilad dagvexmareba miznis miRwevaSi?
dasaxuli mizani namdvilad upirvelesia? iqneb sxva miznebs meti
upiratesoba unda mivaniWoT. kvlevas avtorebi diskursis kritikuli
analizis (CDA) meTodiT axorcieleben. cnobilia, rom diskursis
kritikuli analizi sxva saxis socialuri analizisagan gansxvavdeba
Tavisi didi yuradRebiT teqstis analizis mimarT (fearklo 1992; van
daiki 2001). diskursis kritikuli analizis mkvlevari Seiswavlis teqsts
(teqstSi igulisxmeba rogorc werilobiTi, aseve zepiri masala, Canaweri
interviuebidan, gadacemebis skriptebi da a.S). CDA-s is versia, romelsac
avtorebi iyeneben, Seiswavlis urTierTobas enasa da socialur
cxovrebis sxva aspeqtebs Soris, sxva aspeqtSi igulismeba,
magaliTisTvis, Zalaufleba, ideologia, identoba, socialuri
cvlilebebi da sxva.
garda amisa, diskursis kritikuli analizis mkvlevrebi

politikuri diskurss gansakuTrebuli dakvirvebiT da interesiT
Seiswavlian (Ciltoni 2004; fearklo 1995). zogadad, CDA-s farglebSi
termini kritikuli gulisxmobs or rames: kritika SesaZloa iyos
25
normatiuli da ganmartebiTi. normatiuli kritika yuradRebas amaxvilebs
sazogadoebaSi arsebul uaryofiT movlenebze, uaryofiT mdgomareobaze.
ganmartebiTi kritika ki ganmartavs, Tu ratom da rogor mivida
sazogadoeba am uaryofiT garemoebamde, rogor warmoiqmna problemebi.
ganmartebiTi kritika aseve ganixilavs, Tu rogor xdeba romelime
diskursi dominanti, ra wvlili Seaqvs mas sazogadoebriv cvlilebaSi
(fearklo i., fearklo n. , 2012; vodaki r.. kendali g., 2007).
argumentis Sefasebis Sesaxeb veTanxmebiT avtoris, entoni bleris

mosazrebas: yvela arguments aqvs logikuri, dialeqtikuri da
ritorikuli mxare da maTi Sefaseba SeiZleba swored logikis,
dialeqtikis an ritorikis mixedviT. bleris mixedviT, argumentaciis
logikuri, dialeqtikuri da ritorikuli mxareebi erTmaneTisagan
damoukideblad arseboben. SesaZloa, argumenti erT-erTi maTganis
mixedviT iyos Zalian kargi, magram sxva mxriv iyos susti da
aradamakmayofilebeli (bleri 2012).
2.5 xarvezebi msjelobaSi – (e.w. Fallacious arguments)
xSirad vecnobiT mtkicebas, zog SemTxvevaSi metad damajerebels,

sadac, Tu kargad davakvirdebiT, SevniSnavT, rom ZiriTadi daskvna aris
susti, mas ar axlavs winamZRvreba, sakamaToa winadadebebis logikuri bma.
aseT gancxadebebs avtorebi argumentis xarvezs ukavSireben
(cdomilebiani argumenti). qristofer tindeili maT axasiaTebs, rogorc
argumentaciis kargi strategiebis mcdar versiebs -,,Incorrect versions of good
argument strategies” (tindeili 2013). avtors miaCnia, rom argumentis aseTi
araswori versia msmenels ,,asulelebs”.
argumentis warmoCenis aseTive xarveziani formaa Ad hominem -

oponentze Tavdasxma, oponentis pirovnul Tvisebebze miniSneba, misi
uaryofiTi mxareebis warmoCena, diskreditacia maSin, rodesac es
pirovnuli Tvisebebi ar ukavSirdeba msjelobis sagans. Ad-tipis xarvezs
xarveziani argumentebis calke kategoriad warmoadgens filosofosi
jon loki:
26
 Argumentum ad baculum - muqaris, Zaldatanebis gamoyeneba;
 Argumentum ad misericordiam (appeal to pity) emociaze dafuZnebuli
argumenti).
msmenelze zemoqmedebis kidev erTi xerxia dilema - rodesac

momxsenebeli gvTavazobs arCevans or uaryofiT Sedegs Soris.
Argument Ad Ignorantiam (the argument from ignorance) msjeloba namdvilia,

radgan misi sawinaaRdegos damtkiceba SeuZlebelia.
Ad Verecundiam (Argument from authority) msjelobis dros avtoritetis

Sexedulebis moSvelieba. aseTi argumentis mosmenis dros qristofer
tindeili gvTavazobs, davsvaT Semdegi SekiTxvebi:
1) dasaxelebuli pirovneba an wyaro, namdvilad avtoritetulia?
2) avtoritetulma pirma namdvilad gaakeTa es gancxadeba?

3) avtoritetuli piri da misi gancxadeba mocemul sagans, gansaxilvel
sakiTxs Seesabameba?
duglas uolteri saubrobs argumentaciis dros statistikuri
informaciis moSveliebaze. statistikis arazust (an arakonteqstualur)
gamoyenebas igi argumentaciuli msjelobis xarvezad miiCnevs (foglini
2019; uoltoni 1992).
yovelive zemoTqmulis gaTvaliswinebiT, mniSvnelovania, rom

informaciis mimRebs SeeZlos mcdari da namdvili argumentis
erTmaneTisagan gansxvaveba. kritikuli azrovneba erT-erTi saukeTeso
saSualebaa aseT SemTxvevaSi siyalbis Tavidan asarideblad, ,,kritikuli
azrovneba SegiZliaT miiCnioT argumentisa da msjelobis Semfasebel
meqanizmad, romelic gansazRvravs ramdenad gamarTlebulia daskvna da
mowodeba (badeni 2007).
qristofer tindeili aRniSnavs, rom argumentis Sefasebis dros

gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos komunikaciis konteqstic: unda davakvirdeT,
Tu ra garemoebis gamo xdeba msjeloba Seusabamo, saWiroa davusvaT
kritikuli saxis SekiTxvebi argumentis im nawils, sadac xarvezi
27
gveguleba. magaliTisTvis, erT-erTi garemoeba, romelmac SesaZloa xeli
Seuwyos argumentSi xarvezebis Seqmnas, aris msmenelisTvis sensitiuri
Temaze saubari (tindeili, 2013). SecdomaSi Semyvani msjelobis Tavidan
arideba, avtoris azriT, ganaTlebasa da gamocdilebasTanaa mWidro
kavSirSi. argumentis gaJRerebis dros sityvis emociuri Seferiloba
garkveuli doziT, bunebrivia, misaRebia. zog SemTxvevaSi aucilebelic ki
aris, rom momxseneblma msmenelSi garkveuli emociebi aRZras. Tumca,
mniSvnelovania balansis dacva. magaliTisTvis, tindeils mohyavs
studentis mier leqtorisadmi miwerili elfosta _ studenti
umorCilesad sTxovs leqtors Sefasebis qulis gazrdas. studentis
argumentia, rom Sefasebis momateba mas daexmareba stipendiis miRebaSi.
avtori gvTavazobs, rom emociurad datvirTuli komunikaciis
SemTxvevaSi, davsvaT Semdegi saxis SekiTxvebi:
1) momxsenebeli mwuxarebis da TanagrZnobis gamowvevas imisTvis iyenebs,

rom simarTle warmoaCinos Tu amiT gvibiZgebs raime saxis (TavisTvis
sasurveli) qmedebisken?
2) mocemul konteqstSi emociis gamowveva relevanturia?
3) mwuxarebis winamZRvreba daskvnis relevanturia (tindeili 2013)?
2.6 darwmuneba argumentis Camoyalibebis gziT
Cemi azriT, darwmunebis erT-erTi saukeTeso saSualeba aris

sworad Camoyalibebuli argumenti. Sesabamisad, winamdebare kvlevac
politikur diskursSi swored argumentis gamoyenebas Seexeba.
Cveulebriv, argumentis wardgena niSnavs, rom gaaJRero daskvna (mtkiceba,
azri, romlis dacva da damkvidreba gvsurs) da mas aucileblad daurTo
winamZRvreba, msjeloba daskvnis gasamyareblad (fearklo 1992; uoltoni
2016; uestoni 2000) . „argumentacia gulisxmobs komunikaciis im formas,
rodesac minimum erTi adamiani eqspliciturad an impliciturad
waradgens mtkicebas da aseve ganaviTarebs mis gasamyarebel msjelobas”
(ferlaideni 2005:5).
28
argumentis Sedgenisa da gaanalizebis Sesaxeb wers entoni vestoni
naSromSi - A rulebook for Arguments (uestoni, 2000). avtoris ganmartavs, rom
argumentis Camoyalibebis dros mniSvneloba aqvs winadadebaTa wyobas -
mtkicebas unda mohyves gamamyarebeli winamZRvreba (Premises) an piriqiT.
mniSvnelovania, rom argumenti iyos Tanmimdevruli da ganviTardes
mwyobrad (‘unfold smoothly’). avtoris mixedviT, argumenti SeiZleba iyos
mokle, magram Zalian sxarti: magalTisTvis, cnobili britaneli
politikosis uinston CerCilis aranakleb cnobili citata (mokle
argumentis mSvenieri nimuSi): I am an optimist. It doesn’t seem to be much use being
anything else (optimisti var, radgan sxvanaerad yofna araferi xeiria).
ZiriTadi mtkiceba, ,,I am an optimist” myardeba imis axsniT, Tu ratom airCia
politikosma, iyos optimisti: ,,It doesn’t seem to be much use being anything else”.
mokle arguments, romelSic daculia Tanmimdevroba da saTqmeli aris
cxadi, avtori Cristal Clear Argument-s uwodebs.
arguments xSirad axlavs lingvisturi markerebi, rogoricaa:

amitom, aqedan gamomdinare, maSasadame – leqsikuri erTeulebi, romlebic
cxadad migvaniSnebs, rom subieqti aviTarebs argumentaciul msjelobas.
enn tomsoni (tomsoni 2002) aseT lingvistur erTeulebs indikatorebs
uwodebs „Argument indicator words“. argumentis amosacnobad saWiroa,
davakvirdeT winamZRvrebs (mizezebs) Soris kavSirs da imas, Tu ramdenad
mivyavarT maT daskvnamde. enn tomsoni (tomsoni 2002) argumentSi umTavres
pirobad daskvnis warmodgenas miiCnevs. Tu gavecnobiT romelime abzacs
an movismenT sityvas, da ver aRmovaCenT masSi ZiriTad daskvnas, maSin es
abzaci argumentacias ar Seicavs. avtoris mixedviT, daskvna SesaZloa
amtkicebdes: konkretul faqts (magaliTad, alkoholis miRebis Semdeg
avtomanqanis marTva saxifaToa) an gamoxatavdesArekomendacias
(magaliTad, alkoholis miRebis Semdeg avtomobili ar unda marToT);
msjelobis Sefasebisas msmenelma / Setyobinebis mimRebma aucileblad
unda gaaanalizos: Seesabameba Tu ara warmodgenili winamZRvrebebi
simarTles, gamomdinareobs Tu ara daskvna warmodgenili
winamZRvrebebidan. marTalia, Setyobinebis mimRebs yvela mimarTulebiT
informaciis sisworis Semowmeba gauWirdeba, Tumca, Cven yvelani
29
viziarebT codnas. gvaqvs warmodgena imis Sesaxeb, Tu vin aris metad
gaTviTcnobierebuli ama Tu im sferoSi da mivmarTavT Sesabamis wyaros.
2.7 kvlevis meTodi - diskursis kritikuli analizi
humanitarul da socialur mecnierebebSi gamoCnda kvlevis meTodi,

romelic gamoirCeva disciplinaTa simravliT da gansakuTrebulad
kritikuli xedviT. man swrafad miaRwia akademiur warmatebas da biZgi
misca enis kritikul analizs. garkveuli etapebis gavlis Semdgom, misi
saxelwodeba Camoyalibda amgvarad: kritikuli diskursis analizi (CDA).
kvlevis am meTodis ganviTareba ukavSirdeba iseT avtorebs, rogorebic
arian norman fearklo, ruT vodaki, van daiki (N. Fairclough, 1995; N.
Fairclough, Mulderrig, & Wodak, 2011; T. a. van Dijk, 1994; Teun A Van Dijk, 2001).
kritikuli diskursis analizis ganmartebasTan dakavSirebiT
zemoaRniSnul mkvlevrebs met-naklebad Sejerebuli pozicia aqvT. norman
fearklos mixedviT, es aris kvlevis meTodi, romelic exmaureba
sazogadoebaSi arsebul problemebs da maTi gamosworebis SesaZlo
gzebs. CDA mkvlevars saSualebas aZlevs, rom SeewinaaRmdegos
uTanasworo socialur urTierTobebs, gadaWarbebul Zalauflebas,
usamarTlobas da Tavisi akademiuri analizis meSveobiT gamoxatos
misTvis yvelaze problematuri sakiTxis mimarT mwvave kritika (fearklo,
1989, 1992a, 1992b, 2001). van daiki ganmartavs, rom CDA diskursis
analitikuri kvlevis is saxeobaa, romelic Seiswavlis, Tu rogor
amoqmedebs an ewinaaRmdegeba teqsti da metyveleba socialur da
politikur konteqstSi socialuri Zalauflebis gadaWarbebas,
mbrZaneblobas da uTanasworobas. amgvari disidenturi analiziT,
kritikuli diskursis analizis mkvlevars aqvs Ria pozicia da surs
Seicnos, gamoamJRavnos da bolos, SeewinaaRmdegos socialur
uTanasworobas (van daiki, 1995; 1994).
rogorc vxedavT, CDA-s meTodis gamoyeneba erTgvarad socialur

aqtivobas ukavSirdeba. zemoT moyvanili avtorebi xazgasmiT aRniSnaven,
rom sazogadoebaSi arsebuli uaryofiTi mxareebis mxilebiT mkvlevars
30
Tavisi dadebiTi wvlili Seaqvs mdgomareobis gaumjobesebaSi. CDA-is
mkvlevarisTvis umTavresia icodes sazogadoebaSi sakuTri rolis
Sesaxeb. sakiTxi ufro mwvavedac ki aris dayenebuli - rodesac kvleva
kritikulad ar aanalizebs im usamarTlo mxareebs, rac sazogadoebis
keTildReobas mniSvnelovnad aferxebs, maSin „mkvlevari dominanti
jgufebis mimarT solidarobas gamoxatavs da masTan TanamSromlobs“ (van
daiki, 1993).
sainteresoa, rom 1992 wels norman fearklo Tavis wignSi „diskursi

da socialuri cvlileba“ aRniSnavs, rom „sxvadasxva disciplina
aRiarebs enaSi mimdinare cvlilebis kavSirs farTo socialuri da
kulturuli saxis cvlilebebTan, SedarebiT maRal Sefasebas aZlevs
socialuri cvlilebis Seswavlis dros enis analizis gamoyenebas, magram
jer-jerobiT ar arsebobs enis analizis iseTi meTodi, romelic
Teoriulad adekvaturia da praqtikulad gamosadegi.“ (N. Fairclough, 1992a)
swred am periodidan iwyebs avtori Sesabamisi meTodis ganviTarebas da
dasawyisSive aRniSnavs, rom miznis misaRwevad saWiro gaxdeba
disciplinaTa da meTodTa kombinireba. aqve saubaria 1970-iani wlebidan
The University of East Anglia-Si kritikuli lingvistikis ganviTarebis
mcdelobaze - kritikuli lingvistika erTmaneTs ukavSirebda teqstis
lingvistur analizsa da enis socialur Teorias politikur da
ideologiur procesebSi funqcionirebis Sesaxeb. sxvadasxva mizezTa
gamo (ixileT Tavi „kritikuli lingvistika“), avtorisTvis es meTodi
miuRebeli aRmoCnda. man kritikul lingvistikasTan SedarebiT
upiratesoba semiotikur sistemebs mianiWa.
droTa ganmavlobaSi norman fearklo iyenebs termins „enis

kritikuli Secnoba (Critical Language Awareness – CLA), enis kritikuli
Seswavla (Critical Language Studies – SLS ). sabolood ki, 1995 wels yvela es
cneba erTiandeba wignSi saxelwodebiT: „diskursis kritikuli analizi“
da swored am droidan mkvidrdeba terminic.
„CDA iwyeba diskursis Secnobisgan, enis Semecnebisgan da emateba

semiotikis sxva formebi, socialuri praqtikis sxva elementebi. masSi
erTiandeba klasikuri ritorika, teqstis lingvistika, sociolingvistika,
31
pragmatika da is disciplinebi, romelsac sakvlevi Tema damatebiT
gansazRvravs. „diskursis kritikuli analizis meTodiT xdeba iseTi
sakiTxebis ganxilva, rogoricaa genderTan, rasizmTan dakavSirebuli
Temebi, media diskursi, politikuri diskursi, organizaciis diskursi.
kvlevis am meTodis gansakuTrebul yuradRebas ibyrobs urTierToba
enasa da Zalauflebas Soris - Tu ra lingvisturi formebi gamoiyeneba
Zalauflebis gamoxatvis dros (vaisi J., vodaki r., 2003).
van daiki aRniSnavs, rom CDA mkvlevarisTvis Seswavlis obieqti

aris Zalauflebis mqone elita, romelsac moqmedebaSi mohyavs,
inarCunebs, akanonebs, patiobs an ugulvebelyofs socialur
uTanasworobas da usamarTlobas (van daiki, 2001).
ნorman fearklo ganmartavs, rom CDA-s aqvs sami ZiriTadi Tviseba,

igi ,,aris urTierTobiTi, dialeqtikuri da transdisciplinaruli
(relational, dialectical, transdisciplinary)“ (fearklo 1995). CDA-s relaciur
xasiaTs gansazRvravs is, rom misTvis sainteresoa socialuri
urTierTobebi da ara calkeuli pirovnebebi (Tu dawesebulebebi). misi
dialeqtikuri xasiaTi, Cemi azriT, erT-erTi yvelaze saintereso
maxasiaTebelia - rac gansakuTrebiT gamoarCevs mas kvlevis sxva
meTodebisagan. dialeqtikuria igi, radgan „masSi erTiandeba diskursis
analizi da damatebiT urTierTobis Seswavla diskurssa da sxva
,,sagnebs’’ Soris“ (fearklo 1995). avtors zemoTqmulis magaliTad mohyavs
urTierToba diskurssa da Zalauflebas Soris. diskursi da sxva
„sagnebi“ erTmaneTTan mWidro kavSirSia, erTmaneTis ganmsazRvrelia,
magram mainc cal-calke mdgomi cnebebia. amitom diskursisa da aseTi
sxva sagnebis urTierTmimarTebis Seswavla TavisTavad scdeba mxolod
diskursis farglebs.
CDA-s meTodis gamoyenebisas saWiro xdeba kvlevaSi sxvadasxva

disciplinis CarTva. norman fearklo am process uwodebs „disciplinaTa
dialogs“. marTlac, CDA-is faglebSi lingvistika, socialuri
mecnierebebi da sxva dakavSirebuli disciplinebi rigrigobiT Semodian
kvlevis procesSi. mesame maxasiaTebeli, misi transdisciplinaruloba
swored amas ukavSirdeba. (aqve ganvmartav, rom termins
32
‘transdisciplinaruli’ upiratesobas aniWebs norman fearklo. sxva
avtorebTan mesame maxasiaTebeli gvxvdeba rogorc disciplinaTaSorisi,
multidiscilinaruli). rac Seexeba sityvas ,,kritikuli” da ras
gulisxmobs kritikuli analizi. „CDA upirveles yovlisa, aris
teqstebis analizi“ ( fearklo, 1995). kvlevis masalad aRebulia teqsti,
romelic saguldagulod aris SerCeuli avtoris Sexedulebidan
gamomdnare da imisda mixedviT, Tu ras miiCnevs mkvlevari problemad.
CDA kvlevis masalaSi asaxulia is socialuri problema, romelic
avtors yvelaze mwvave sakiTxad evlineba da romlis kritikuli
analizis Sedegad, am problemas gamoaaSkaravebs, ukeTes SemTxvevaSi
dasaxavs problemis gamosworebis gzebs. swored am nawilSi moiazreba
termini ‘kritikuli’.
aRiniSna, rom CDA-s meTodiT mkvlevari gamoyofs problematur

sakiTxs. mwvave problema da miuRebeli sakiTxi ki SeiZleba mravlad
iyos: Seexebodes uTanasworobas, usamarTlobas, araswori politikis
gatarebas da mis Sedegebs, Zalauflebis gadaWarbebas, Tavisuflebis
SezRudvas da ase Semdeg. Tumca, mTavaria Tu rogor Camoyalibdeba
mkvlevris mier SerCeuli socialuri problematika kvlevis sagnad.
miTumetes, rogorc xazgasmiT aRiniSna, CDA-s meSveobiT Catarebuli
analizi ramdenime disciplinas aerTianebs. aseT SemTxvevaSi xom ufro
garTuldeba saerTo analitikuri CarCos da kvlevis kiTxvebis
Camoyalibeba. Aamitom, SerCeuli Tema /socialuri mankiereba/
harmoniulad unda iSlebodes disciplinebs Soris da unda SeeZlos
semiotikasa da „sxva sagnebs“ Soris „dialogi“ (fearklo 1995).
aRsaniSnavia, rom CDA–s mimarT gansakuTrebuli interesia

gaerTianebul samefoSi. analitikis am meTods aqtiurad mimarTaven
sxvadasxva disciplinaSi. aseTi mzardi interesi ukavSirdeba Tanamedrove
sazogadoebis survils, rom dakvirvebuli TvaliT Sexedon mimdinare
movlenebs da am movlenebis dros enisa da enobrivi saSualebebis
gamoyenebas. CDA-is mkvlevrebis azriT, kritikuli xedvis aucilebloba
sazogadoebrivma, ekonomikurma da politikurma cvlilebebma gansazRvra
- cvlilebebma, romelmac erTis mxriv, SesaZleblobaTa farTo areali
33
warudgina adamianTa garkveul wres, xolo meores mxriv ki mniSvnelovani
gamowvეvis winaSe daayena sazogadoebis didi nawili. sainteresod
migvaCnia, warmovadginoT citata norman fearklos naSromidan CDA-is
funqciasTan dakavSirebiT:
,,Critical language awareness in other words should not push learners into oppositional
practices which condemn them to disadvantage and marginalisation; it should equip them with
the capacities and understanding which are preconditions for meaningful choice and effective
citizenship in the domain of language” (fearklo 2013:56).
(„enis kritikulma aRqmam ar unda ubiZgos Semswavlelebs

sawinaaRmdego moqmedebebisa da marginalizaciisaken. man unda aRWurvos
Semswavleli im unariT, romelic warmoadgens Sinaarsiani (azriani,
mniSvnelobiani) arCevanisa da efeqtiani moqalaqeobis winapirobas enis
sferoSi“ (Fairclough, 2013:56)).
II Tavis daskvna
naSromis meore TavSi, Sesabamisi literaturis mimoxilvis safuZvelze,

darwmunebis ganmsazRvrel maxasiaTeblebad miviCnie Semdegi:
- adamianTa Sexedulebis Secvla komunikaciis gziT;

- informaciis mimRebis Tavisufali nebis gaTvaliswineba darwmunebis
procesSi;
- miuxedavad darwmunebis iZulebisagan mkveTri gamijvnisa,
komunikaciaSi iZuleba (Coercion) xSirad arapirdapiri formiT
gvxvdeba. mniSvnelovania, rom teqstSi aRmoCenili iyos muqarisa da
dapirebis / sxvadasxva saxis dainteresebis mcdelobebi.
- teqstSi damarwmunebeli komunikaciis analizis dros
gasaTvaliswinebelia msmenelis/informaciis mimRebis
damokidebuleba (Attitude) Sesabamis movlenaTa Tu sakiTxTa mimarT
da momxseneblis is Setyobinebebi, romlebic SesaZloa aRniSnuli
damokidebulebis Secvlas emsaxurebodes (Attitude Change).
- damarwmunebel komunikacias axlavs ,,muqi ferebic” – ,,Grey areas of
persuasion”. sanam momxsenebeli gaavrcelebs garkveul teqsts
34
(Setyobinebas), SesaZloa, man mimarTos sxvadasxva saSualebas
msmenelSi Sesabamisi (momxseneblisTvis xelsayreli) ganwyobis
Sesaqmnelad.
naSromis meore Tavis nawili eTmoba argumentaciuli msjelobis Sesaxeb

literaturis mimoxilvas da argumentis sxvadasxva struqturis
warmodgenas:
- ,,argumenti aris gancxadeba (Setyobineba) (eqsplicituri an
implicituri), romelic Seicavs daskvnas (mtkicebas) da mis
gamamyarebel winamZRvrebebs” (Isabela Fairclough & Fairclough, 2012).
- argumentis sxvadasxva sqemaTa Soris upiratesoba praqtikul
arguments mivaniWeT. Aavtorebis - izabela da norman fearkloebis
mixedviT, Apraqtikuli argumentis sqema msjelobis dros
mimoixilavs Semdegs: 1) arsebul garemoebas, 2) msjelobis mizans, 3)
Means-Goals-s 4) Rirebulebas, romelic komunikacias da mowodebas
gasdevs fonad 5) mtkicebas/ mowodebas garkveuli moqmedebisken;
amave TavSi warmovadgineT mimoxilva winamdebare kvlevis meTodis
Sesaxeb. Cven mier diskursis kritikul analizze yuradRebis SeCereba
ganapiroba CDA-is unarma, gamarTos dialogi disciplinaTa Soris,
aRWurvos mkvlevari aqtiuri socialuri funqciiT. K diskursis
kritikuli analizis (CDA) meSveobiT SesaZlebelia uTanasworo
socialuri urTierTobebis, gadaWarbebul Zalauflebis, hegemoniis,
mniSvnelovani socialuri xarvezebis mimarT protestis da kritikis
gamoxatva.
35
III Tavi analizi
3.1 saqarTvelos prezidentis wliuri angariSebis analizi
saqarTvelos konstituciis 73-e muxlis meoTxe punqtis Sesabamisad,

,,saqarTvelos prezidenti uflebamosilia mimarTos xalxs da
parlaments. weliwadSi erTxel igi parlaments warudgens moxsenebas
qveynis mdgomareobis umniSvnelovanes sakiTxebze”. winamdebare kvlevaSi
warmodgenilia saqarTvelos prezidentis, mixeil saakaSvilis (2004-2013)
mier sxvadasxva wels gaJRerebuli wliuri angariSebis teqstebis
lingvopragmatikuli analizi. kvlevisTvis saintereso upirvelesi
sakiTxi ukavSirdeba praqtikul argumentacias angariSebis teqstebSi -
mimarTavs Tu ara qveynis yofili prezidenti praqtikuli argumentaciis
sqemas sajarod sityvis wardgenis dros. aRiniSna, rom praqtikuli
msjeloba mimarTulia samomavlod dagegmil RonisZiebebze da nabijebze:
,,This is the core of any normative practical argument: given certain circumstances and
certain goals, a certain type of action, informed by certain values, is advocated in the claim as
the right thing to do“ (fearklo i., fearklo n., 2012).
(nebimieri praqtikuli argumentis safuZveli aris Semdegi:
mocemulia garkveuli garemoeba da mizani, amocanad dasaxulia
garkveuli nabijis gadadgma, romelsac amyarebs Rirebuleba da
momxsenebeli icavs mowodebas, rogorc swor moqmedebas).
praqtikul argumentSi msjeloba amyarebs mtkicebebs. karg
SemTxvevaSi, warmodgenili winamZRvrebebi erTmaneTTan da mtkicebasTan
kavSirSia. Aam kvlevis farglebSi, CemTvis saintereso sakiTxebi moicavs
Semdegs:
- romel ritorikul saSualebebs mimarTavs momxsenebeli, ra gziT
cdilobs, rom komunikacia gaxados damarwmunebeli;
- romeli reprezentaciebi ikveTeba politikuri diskursis mocemul
magaliTebSi;
36
2005 wlis 10 Tebervali, saangariSo moxseneba
saqarTvelos saxelmwifos xelisuflebis Secvlidan, daaxloebiT,

erTi wlis Semdeg qveynis axali prezidenti mixeil saakaSvili umaRles
sakanonmdeblo organoSi saangariSo moxsenebiT warsdga. prezidentis
2005 wlis angariSis teqsti Sedgeba 3480 sityvisgan, romlis vrceli
Sesavali – misalmebis nawili – saintereso struqturiT gamoirCeva, mas
angariSis sruli teqstis mesamedi eTmoba (misalmeba 1171 sityvisagan
Sedgeba).
misalmeba: angariSis teqstis dasawyisSi adresanti auditorias
sTavazobs saqarTvelos axlo warsulis gaxsenebas. Cndeba reprezentacia:
,,saqarTvelo vardebis revoluciamde da axla”, romlis realizeba
viTardeba sintaqsuri da stilistikuri saSualebebiT. aseve gvxvdeba
argumentaciuli msjeloba. reprezentaciis realizebas win uZRvis
Semdegi abzaci:
,,erTi wlis gadmosaxedidan, sanam Cvens miRwevebsa da gegmebze
visaubrebT, me gTavazobT gavixsenoT, Tu ra iyo saqarTvelo erTi wlis
winaT.”
vxedavT, rom warmodgenilia erTis mxriv dadebiTi konotacia:
Cveni miRwevebi da gegmebi, meores mxriv ki warsulis formulireba
aseTia: ,,ra iyo saqarTvelo erTi wlis winaT”. vardebis revoluciamdeli
saqarTvelos aRweras momxsenebeli rva abzacs uTmobs, saidanac ori
abzaci warmoadgens argumentaciul msjelobas: JRerdeba mtkiceba,
romelsac mohyveba mtkicebis gamamyarebeli winamZRvreba. marTalia, aq
praqtikuli argumentaciis sqema ar Cans (radgan saubari mTlianad
Seexeba ganvlil periods da ara momavalSi gadasadgmel nabijebs), Tumca
argumentis ori aucilebeli komponenti – mtkiceba (Claim) da winamZRvreba
(Premise) saxezea. Ees ori abzacia:
1) ,,saqarTvelo Tavdacvisuunaro qveyana iyo – arcerTi tanki gamarTuli
ar iyo da erTsaaTiani brZolisTvis saWiro tyvia-wamalic ki ar
gvqonda, gvyavda ramdenime Tvis uWmeli jari”.
mtkiceba: saqarTvelo Tavdacvisuunaro qveyana iyo (imitom rom);
winamZRvreba: arcerTi tanki gamarTuli ar iyo;
37
winamZRvreba: erTsaaTiani brZolisTvis saWiro tyvia-wamalic ki ar
gvqonda;
winamZRvreba: gvyavda ramdenime Tvis uWmeli jari;
2) ,,gvqonda qveyana, romelSic klanebi, faSebi da feodalebi
TareSobdnen. dRes, am darbazSi aWaris ministrTa sabWos Tavmjdomare da
sxva xelmZRvanelebi imyofebian. erTi wlis winaT ki, aWaras separatisti
feodali marTavda, romelic dedaqalaqSi principulad ar Camodioda da
saqarTvelos prezidenti masTan samaTxovrod dadioda.”
mocemul abzacSi msjeloba implicituria da moiTxovs momxseneblsa da
informaciis mimRebs Soris garkveuli saerTo codnis arsebobas.
magaliTad iseTis, rogoric aris, sityvis “feodali” da aWaris
magaliTis moyvanis relevanturoba am konteqstSi. momxseneblisTvis
cnobilia, rom auditoria flobs aseT codnas, igi ar asaxelebs, vin
igulisxmeba feodalis miRma da informaciis struqturirebas
Sesabamisad uzrunvelyofs:
mtkiceba: gvqonda qveyana, romelSic klanebi, faSebi da feodalebi
TareSobdnen;
winamZRvreba: erTi wlis winaT aWaras separatisti feodali marTavda;
winamZRvreba: saqarTvelos prezidenti masTan samaTxovrod dadioda;
danarCeni eqvsi abzaci axlo warsulis aRweraa stilisturi xerxebis
gamoyenebiT (dasabuTebis gareSe), sadac kargad vlindeba enis poeturi
funqcia. rac Seexeba Sedegebs ,,vardebis revoluciis” Semdeg, rogorc
adresantma angariSis dasawyisSive aRniSna, igi warmoadgens bolo erTi
wlis miRwevebs. komunikacia aris argumentaciuli. momxsenebeli aJRerebs
mtkicebas (Claim): ,,dRes saqarTvelo aris saxelmwifo” da aviTarebs
masTan dakavSirebul winamZRvrebebs. gamoyenebulia darwmunebis Semdegi
strategia: erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi sxvadasxva sferoSi miRweuli
warmateba naCvenebia konkretuli pirebis magaliTze. rogorc adresanti
Tavad aRniSnavs, TiToeul warmatebul sferos Tavisi ,,konkretuli
gmiri” hyavs. swored ,,konkretuli gmirebis” magaliTze xdeba vardebis
revoluciis Semdgomi progresis Cveneba. magaliTebis dasaxelebas
emociur datvirTvas hmatebs is, rom dasaxelebuli pirebi saqarTvelos
parlamentis darbazSi imyofebian angariSis wardgenis dros. vfiqrob, es
38
aris erTgvari strategia, romlis meSveobiTac komunikaciis paTeturoba
miiRweva. Aamavdroulad, aRniSnuli strategia qmnis safrTxes, rom
msjeloba xarveziT ganviTardes (Hasty Generalization).
mtkiceba (Claim): ,,dRes saqarTvelo aris saxelmwifo” gamyarebulia

Semdegi winamZRvrebebiT:
1) finansuri policiis warmatebuli saqmianoba – qvemo qarTlis

finansuri policiis operatiuli departamentis ufrosis dasaxeleba –
misalmeba da madlobis gamoxatva;
2) warmateba aWaris teritoriaze qarTuli saxelmwifos kontrolis
aRdgenis kuTxiT – dasaxeleba, ,,ori sruliad daucveli adamiani,
romlebsac kbilebamde SeiaraRebuli ,,babuinebi" scemdnen’’ –
misalmeba;
3) warmateba samarTaldacvis kuTxiT – sapatrulo policielis
dasaxeleba – misalmeba;
4) warmateba svaneTSi bandasTan dapirispirebis dros –
ganxorcielebuli operaciis gmiris dasaxeleba – misalmeba;
5) warmateba ganaTlebis sferoSi – ganaTlebis muSakis dasaxeleba –
misalmeba da madlobis gamoxatva;
6) warmateba qveynis Tavdacvis kuTxiT – jariskacebis dasaxeleba –
misalmeba;
teqstis dinamiurobas uzrunvelyofs stilisturi xerxebi, rogoricaa
anafora da paraleruli konstruqciebi: fraza ,,saqarTvelo iyo qveyana”
teqstSi meordeba Svidjer. abzacebis dasawyisSi gvxvdeba Semdegi
frazebis gameoreba:
,,erT welze cota meti dro gavida mas Semdeg...”
,,dro gavida mas Semdeg...”
,,erTi wlis gadmosaxedidan... ”
anafora - abzacebis dasawyisSi meordeba fraza ,,es niSnavs imas..”

gameoreba (xazgasma): ,,erTi wuTiTac ar dauxevia ukan, ar dauxevia arc
maSin, rodesac aTeulobiT manqana afeTqda”.
39
gamoyenebulia uaryofiTi konotaciis Semcveli epiTetebi: ,,arSemdgari,
dezintegrirebuli, RirsebaSelaxuli da sruliad demoralizebuli
saxelmwifo”.
movlenebTan mimsgavsebuli metafora: ,,veravin veRarasdros aafeTqebda

danarCen saqarTvelosTan damakavSirebel xidebs”.
ZiriTadi nawili: 2005 wlis angariSSi gansakuTrebiT yuradsaRebad

mimaCnia teqstis is monakveTi, romelic, Cemi azriT, ukavSirdeba qveynis
erTianobis aRdgenasa da saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis NATO-s
samSvidobo operaciaSi monawileobas. momxsenebeli warmoadgens Semdeg
argumentaciul msjelobas saqarTvelos mxridan zemoaRniSnul misiaSi
monawileobasTan dakavSirebiT:
,,nuravin dasvams kiTxvas, Tu ratom varT Cven iq. saqarTvelo unda
iyos am procesebis monawile radgan Cvenma qveyanam, mSvidobiani gziT,
teritoriuli mTlianoba unda aRadginos. Cven Cveulebriv mdgomareobaSi
myofi qveyana ar varT. Cven varT qveyana, romelsac mSvidobiani
procesebis gansaxorcieleblad, dRes, rogorc arasdros, saerTaSoriso
mxardaWera da respeqtabeluroba sWirdeba. mSvidobis mosapoveblad
umniSvnelovanesia, rom qveyana Zlieri iyos.”
zemoT moyvanili abzaci vrceli ar aris, magram igi moicavs
praqtikuli argumentaciisaTvis damaxasiaTebel sqemas TiTqmis sruli
SemadgenlobiT: dasaxul mizans, arsebul garemoebas, miznis ukan mdgom
Rirebulebas mivyavarT moqmedebisken (Claim for action) – im nabijebisken,
rac unda gadaidgas. abzacSi gvxvdeba argumentis markeri – ,,radgan”.
gadawyvetilebis simtkiceze da misi ganxorcielebis aucileblobaze
metyvelebs valdebulebis gamomxatveli modaluri nawilaki ,,unda”.
amasTan, msjelobas win uZRvis akrZalviTi brZanebiTi winadadeba:
,,nuravin dasvams kiTxvas, Tu ratom varT Cven iq.” vnaxoT, Tu rogoria
zemoTmoyvanili abzacis argumentis struqtura:
ra nabiji unda gadavdgaT: ,,saqarTvelo unda iyos am procesebis
monawile.” mtkicebis perefrazi SegviZlia ase CamovayaliboT:
saqarTvelom unda ganagrZos saerTaSoriso operaciebSi monawileoba.
40
mizani: ,,Cvenma qveyanam, mSvidobiani gziT, teritoriuli mTlianoba unda
aRadginos”.
garemoeba (arsebuli mdgomareoba): Cven Cveulebriv mdgomareobaSi myofi
qveyana ar varT.
Rirebuleba: mSvidoba, qveynis erTianoba;
es msjeloba angariSis teqstis pirvel nawilSi gvxvdeba. moxsenebis
daskvniT monakveTSi ki, vfiqrob, JRerdeba is informacia, romelic met
sicxades Seitans aRniSnul garemoebaSi:
,,Cven mdgomareobaSi myof qveyanas sxva alternativa ar aqvs.
qveyanas, romelsac dasabrunebeli aqvs yvelaze Tvalwarmtaci adgili,
mas ki Zlieri da agresiuli Zalebi ewinaaRmdegebian: qveyanas, romelmac
Zala unda ipovnos, raTa Tavis problema gadaWras.”
praqtikuli argumentis sqemis kidev erTi nawilia ,,Means-Goal”
(mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSiri). davubrundebiT mis ganmartebas da
SevecdebiT, mocemul teqstSi, ganmartebis mixedviT, aRmovaCinoT mizez-
Sedegobrivi kavSiri (Means-Goal premise):
,, When we reason practically, the means appear to us as a conjecture, a hypothesis that
could presumably lead us from our circumstances to our goals, from one state of affairs to
another. If we nevertheless become aware that the action may not lead us to our goals, or might
even compromise our goals, then we might want to revise the claim (Fairclough, Fairclough
2012).
(praqtikuli argumentis farglebSi, mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSiri aris
hipoTeza, romelmac, SesaZloa, migviyvanos arsebuli garemoebidan
dasaxuli miznis miRwevamde, erT mdgomareobidan meore mdgomareobamde.
Tu SevniSnavT, rom dasaxuli amocana, moqmedeba ver migviyvans miznamde,
maSin amocanis relevanturoba unda gadaixedos (fearklo i., fearklo n.,
2012)
momxsenebeli mtkicebis (Calim) alternatiul gzasTan dakavSirebiT
angariSis daskvniT nawilSi aRniSnavs: ,,Cven mdgomareobaSi myof qveyanas
sxva alternativa ar aqvs.” qveyana miznamde aucileblad unda mivides.
mowodebis gaJRerebis dros gamoixateba momxseneblis Tavdajereba,
brZanebiTi kilo. miznis miRwevis saSualebad ki saxeldeba qveynis
41
siZliere. vnaxoT, rogor gamoiyureba ganxiluli praqtikuli argumentis
sqema:
ra nabiji unda gadavdgaT / Claim for Action

saqarTvelo unda iyos am procesebis monawile
Mmizani/Goal Ggaremoeba/ Circumstances

Cvenma qveyanam, Cven Cveulebriv
mSvidobiani gziT, mdgomareobaSi myofi
teritoriuli mTlianoba
unda aRadginos; qveyana ar varT;
qveyanas, dasabrunebeli qveyanas Zlieri da

aqvs yvelaze agresiuli Zalebi
Tvalwarmtaci adgili;
ewinaaRmdegebian.
Rirebuleba/Values Concerns
Means-Goal:
mSvidobiani gziT - mSvidobis
mopovebuli qveynis mosapoveblad
erTianoba umniSvnelovanesia,
rom qveyana Zlieri
iyos.
- mSvidobiani
procesebis
gansaxorcieleblad,
dRes, rogorc
arasdros,
saerTaSoriso
mxardaWera da
respeqtabeluroba
sWirdeba.
.
sakiTxi, romelsac prezidenti moxsenebis dros Seexo, vfiqrob,

qveynis erT-erT yvelaze mniSvnelovan gadawyvetilebas exeba. miuxedavad
am mniSvnelobisa, msjelobas aklia Sesabamisi ganmartebebi:
dasaxelebuli ar aris saerTaSoriso operaciebi, ar konkretdeba
adgilmdebareoba -,,iq”. igulisxmeba, rom informaciis mimRebma/
auditoriam icis da gaTviTcnobierebuli aqvs, Tu ra kavSiria
42
saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlianobis aRdgenas (mizansa) da
saerTaSoriso operaciebSi monawileobas Soris, konkretulad ra
saerTaSoriso operacia igulisxmeba. emociur fonze, paTetikurad xdeba
aRniSnuli kavSiris legitimacia.
saqarTvelos sagareo saqmeTa saministros oficialur veb-gverdze
ganTavsebuli informaciis Tanaxmad, ,,1994 wels saqarTvelo gaxda nato-s
,,partnioroba mSvidobisaTvis" (PfP - Parntnership for Peace) programis
Tanamonawile. aRniSnuli programis farglebSi, aliansis wevr da
partnior qveynebSi erToblivad imarTeba samxedro wvrTnebi da
sameTauro-saStabo swavlebebi. saqarTvelo aseve aqtiurad monawileobs
aRniSnuli programis farglebSi Tanamedrove usafrTxoebis
gamowvevebTan dakavSirebul sxvadasxva saxis seminarebsa da
konferenciebSi.
2002 wels nato-s praRis samitze saqarTvelom gaakeTa oficialuri
ganacxadi qveynis aliansSi gawevrianebasTan dakavSirebiT, Sesabamisad,
swored am droidan iwyeba saqarTvelos nato-Si integraciis Zalisxmeva
da mosamzadebeli procesi. 2004 wlidan, saqarTveloSi vardebis
revoluciis Semdgom, nato-saqarTvelos TanamSromloba ufro intensiuri
gaxda. saqarTvelos gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani wvlili Seaqvs nato-s
egidiT avRaneTSi mimdinare saerTaSoriso usafrTxoebis mxardamWeri
Zalebis (ISAF - International Security Assistance Force) operaciaSi. amJamad,
avRaneTSi saqarTvelos gaaCnia sididiT meore samxedro kontigenti
natos arawevr saxelmwifoebs Soris.”
vfiqrob, rom prezidentis mier zemoaRniSnuli msjelobis dros
nebismieri winamZRvrebis warmodgenisas meti ganmarteba argumentacias da
darwmunebas gaxdida racionalurs. K diskursis kritikuli analizis
(CDA) mixedviT, kiTxvis niSnis qveS dgeba mtkiceba / mowodeba:
konkretulad romeli saerTaSoriso operacia saxeldeba dasaxuli
miznis – qveynis teritoriuli mTlianobis aRdgenis – miRwevis gzad?
aRniSnul procesebSi monawileoba da nagulismevi operacia namdvilad
erTaderTi da aucilebeli pirobaa miznis misaRwevad? ra ganapirobebs
gadawyvetilebis ualternatiulobas? winamdebare kvlevis pirvel
nawilSi visaubreT enaze damokidebul da enisagan damoukidebel
43
msjelobis xarvezebze, romelTa klasifikaciac saukuneebis win moaxdina
aristotelem. im xarvezebs Soris, romelic enazea damokidebuli,
igulisxmeba azris bundovnad gadmocema, leqsikuri erTeulebis imgvarad
gamoyeneba, rom sicxade da konkretika iyos naklebi. Cvens mier
ganxiluli zemoaRniSnuli praqtikuli argumentis SemTxvevac, vfiqrob,
ukavSirdeba sazogadoebaSi garkveuli Sexedulebis impliciturad
Seqmnas.
2005 wlis angariSis teqstis momdevno nawili Seexeba samomavlo
gegmebs. teqstSi ikveTeba kidev erTi praqtikuli argumenti, romelic
zemoaRwerili msjelobis msgavsad, sityvaTa simravliT ar gamoirCeva
(abzaci sul 192 sityvisgan Sedgeba). msjelobis Tema aris privatizaciis
procesi. vfiqrob, rom momxsenebeli cdilobs, sazogadoebis darwmunebas
privatizaciis mimarTulebiT gadadgmuli nabijebis pozitiurobaSi.
amasTan, abzaci warmoadgens momxseneblis mier privatizaciasTan
mimarTebaSi sazogadoebis azris Camoyalibebis (attitude shaping) mcdelobas.
,,daviwyeT Cveni qonebis privatizacia da unda gvesmodes risTvis
xdeba es. es ar aris qonebis gasaRebis procesi, piriqiT, Cven gvaqvs
qoneba, romelSic fuli unda Caidos. dRes, saprivatizacio procesebi
adrindelisgan sruliad gansxvavdeba; e.w. saprivatizacio programebi.
aqamde es programebi imas gulisxmobda, rom obieqti ufasod
gadaecemodaT da oci wlis Semdeg oc milions Cadebdnen. fuli exlave
unda Caidos imisaTvis, rom xval misi amoReba SesaZlebeli gaxdes. xalxi
unda daasaqmon da obieqtebi amuSavdes, imisaTvis, rom Semosavali
gagviCndes, rac friad momgebiani iqneba. momavali Cvenve unda SeviqmnaT”.
momxsenebeli asaxelebs im sferoebs, sadac investirebaa saWiro:
energomomarageba, jandacva, ganaTleba, Tavdacva.
ra nabiji unda gadavdgaT:

unda gagrZeldes qonebis privatizacia
mizani: arsebuli mdgomareoba: Means-Goal: fuli Caideba

dRes, saprivatizacio energomomaragebis,
dasaqmeba,
procesebi
obieqtebis jandacvis, ganaTlebis,
adrindelisgan
amuSaveba;
sruliad gansxvavdeba Tavdacvis sferoSi;
SesaZlebeli gaxdeba
Cadebuli fulis amoReba;44
argumentSi gaJRerebuli mowodeba - ,,fuli აxlave unda Caidos” – aris
ZiriTadi mtkicebis erTgvari perefrazi, misi meSveobiT meti yuradRebaa
gamaxvilebuli moqmedebaze. rogorc izabela da norman fearkloebi
msgavs mtkicebebs uwodeben, es aris ,,need to take action“ mowodeba (Isabela
Fairclough & Fairclough, 2012). Mmomxsenebeli, erTis mxriv, nabijebis droulad
gadadgmis aucileblobaSi arwmunebs msmenels, xolo meores mxriv –
kidev erTxel warmoadgens Sepirispirebas axlo warsulTan: adre
,,obieqti ufasod gadaecemodaT da oci wlis Semdeg oc milions
Cadebdnen”. abzacs emociur elfers hmatebs mowodeba: ,,momavali Cvenve
unda SeviqmnaT”, metaforuli gamomsaxveloba: ,,qveyana sajiriTo adgili
aRar unda iyos”.
teqstis danarCen nawilSi momxsenebeli mimarTavs mravalferovan
enobriv-gamomsaxvelobiT saSualebebs, rogoricaa:
antiTezisi - ,,saqarTvelos ar aqvs navTobi, Cveni mTavari simdidre
xalxia.” antiTeziss axlavs sinonimuri sityvis Canacvleba (navTobi –
simdidre). sainteresoa, rom momxsenebeli antiTezis erTgvar
,,xelsawyodac’’ ki iyenebs argumentis gaJRerebis dros:
,,Cven viswavleT qarTul simbolikis pativiscema. saqarTveloSi arcerTi
bavSvi ar iyo, romelmac saqarTvelos himni icoda. dRes ki, ar aris
arcerTi bavSvi, romelmac axali qarTuli himni ar icis”.
gapirovneba - ,,varT Tu ara iseTi parlamenti, romelic Tavis
amomrCevels usmens”.
ironia - ,,marTlac aRfrTovanebuli var Cveni parlamentiT, es pirveli
sakanonmdeblo organoa, sadac absoluturi rekordi dafiqsirda –
parlamentarebs erTmaneTi ar ucemiaT”.
aluzia -,,Cveni didi kulturidan viwavleT, rom Zala erTobaSia, es
yvelaze ukeT daviT aRmaSenebelma gvaswavla”.
2005 wlis angariSis damamTavrebeli fraza formulirdeba locva-
kurTxeviT - RmerTi iyos Cveni qveynis mfarveli, dideba saqarTvelos!
45
2006 wlis 14 Tebervali
ritorikuli xerxebiT gajerebuli da darwmunebis TvalsazrisiT

STambeWdavia 2006 wlis angariSi. igi 7365 sityvisgan Sedgeba. 2005 wlis
angariSis teqstis vrceli misalmebisagan gansxvavebiT, 2006 wels
adresanti sajaro sityvis dawyebisTanave svams SekiTxvebs: ,,saidan da
riT daviwyeT? sadamde da riT movediT? saiT da riT mivdivarT?”,
romelic mocemuli wlis angariSis teqstis Sinaarsobriv RerZs
warmoadgens. mWermetyvelebis xuTi wesidan meore, Dispositio (berZnuli
Sesatyvisi – Taxis, rac gulixmobs sajaro sityvis teqstis ganlagebas)
mocemul angariSSi SemoqmdebiTad aris gamoyenebuli. M
angariSis teqsti sam nawilad davyaviT swored zemoaRniSnuli
SekiTxvebis gaTvaliswinebiT: I nawili - ,,saidan da riT daviwyeT?’’ II
nawili - ,,sadamde da riT movediT?” III nawili - saiT da riT mivdivarT?
I nawili - ,,saidan da riT daviwyeT?’’
iseve, rogorc uklebliv yvela angariSSi, 2006 wlis saparlamento
angariSiს teqstSic fokusirebulia reprezentacia ,,saqarTvelo vardebis
revoluciamde da axla”. Mmocemuli reprezentaciis realizeba am
monakveTSi praqtikuli argumentis meSveobiT ar xdeba. momxseneblis
Zalisxmeva gadatanilia emociuri gamomsaxvelobis gaZlierebaze. igi
sxvadasxva enobriv saSualebas mimarTavs. vardebis revoluciamdeli
saqarTvelos aRwerisas gamoyenebulia uaryofiTi, xolo revoluciis
Semdgomi periodis aRwerisas – dadebiTi konotaciis Semcveli
stilisturi erTeulebi:
- gameoreba da antiTezisi, opozicia dawyeba – dasruleba:
,,daviwyeT iqidan, rom saqarTvelos, rogorc saxelmwifos, arseboba
damTavrebuli hqonda... daviwyeT iqidan, sadac saxelmwifoebi da erebi
arsebobas asruleben”.
- uyoloba-uqonobis aRmniSvneli warmoqmnili zedsarTavi saxelebi /
asonansi/ CamonaTvalSi meordeba bolo marcvalic:
,,daviwyeT uimedobidan, uperspeqtivobidan, uuflebobidan, uZlurebidan,
usamarTlobidan, udenobidan, ufulobidan, uxelfasobidan, upensiobidan,
uwesrigobidan.’’
46
- metaforuli gamonaTqvamebi da epiTetebi:
,,qveynis ukuRmamotriale bedis borblis gaCereba da waRma
datrialeba”, ,,iarebi gvaqvs mosaSuSebeli’’... ,,welSi gamarTuli”
saqarTvelo.
II nawili - ,,sadamde da riT movediT?”
sainteresoa, rom am nawilSi meordeba mtkiceba (Claim for action),
romelic 2005 wlis angariSis teqstSic gaJRerda:
,,saqarTvelo srulfasovani da swrafad ganviTarebadi saxelmwifoa”
(2006). ,,dRes saqarTvelo aris saxelmwifo” (2005). mtkicebas mohyveba 255
sityviani dinamiuri narativi, romelic gajerebulia gameorebiT: gvxvdeba
calkeuli frazaTa gameoreba - ,,movediT iqamde, rom”, aseve frazebis
daboloebisas marcvlis gameoreba:
,,saqarTvelo saxelmwifoa Tavisi yvela atributiT: kargad
gamarTuli da efeqtiani saxelmwifo aparatiT; Zlieri saxelmwifo
institutebiT; swrafi tempebiT mzardi safinanso maCveneblebiT; xalxis
samsaxurSi myofi Zleri samarTaldamcavi sistemiT; Zlieri, kargad
motivirebuli, aseve kargad aRWurvili da gawvrTnili jariT, romliTac
me Zalian vamayob; ganaxlebuli da ganaxlebadi infrastruqturiT; yvela
sferoSi aqtiurad mimdinare reformebiT; aRmSeneblobisa da zrdis
aqamde arnaxuli maCveneblebiT“.
praqtikuli argumentis vrceli sqemaa warmodgenili meore nawilis
Semdeg monakveTSi: ,,Cven daviwyeT ufulobidan, uxelfasobidan da
upensiobidan ... rogorc ucxoeli investorebisaTvis, ise Cveni
moqalaqeebisaTvis.” - 2159 sityva. sakiTxi Seexeba qveynis ekonomikur
ganviTarebas. monakveTis ZiriTadi mowodeba aris reformebis gagrZeleba
liberaluri ekonomikis ganviTarebis mizniT. Ppraqtikuli argumentis
nawili - arsebuli mdgomareoba sakmaod vrclad aris aRwerili. masSi
TerTmeti mimarTulebaa asaxuli. zogierT SemTxvevaSi arsebuli
mdgomareobis aRwerisas gamoyenebulia mokle argumentebic.
saqarTveloSi 2006 wlisTvis arsebul konomikur viTarebas momxsenebeli
ase aRwers:
47
1) ,,qveynis ekonomika arnaxuli tempebiT viTardeba”;
2) qarTvel mewarmeebs xelsayrel pirobebSi SeuZliaT biznesis
keTeba;
3) qveynis biujetSi dagegmilze meti Tanxa Sevida;
4) pirdapiri investiciebis moculoba gaizarda;
5) mTliani Sida produqtis moculoba gaizarda;
6) inflaciam ganicada kleba;
7) uprecendento masStabs miaRwia privatizaciam;
8) ,,saqarTvelo myari nabijiT imtkicebs saerTaSoriso ekonomikur
reitings’’
9) ,,gamartivda da mowesrigda sagadasaxado sistema.”
10) daiwyo turizmis ganviTareba;
11) qveynis ekonomika regionSi erT-erT yvelaze liberalurad iTvleba;
arsebuli mdgomareobis Sejamebas ki metaforulad aris
warmodgenili:
,,es imas niSnavs, rom adre gamousworebeli orosnebi viyaviT, xolo
exla oTxosnebi gavxdiT”.
miznis Camoyalibebis dros momxsenebeli aris Tavdajerebuli,
rasac mis mier aRwerili awmyo da saerTaSoriso organizaciaTa
prognozi ganapirobebs:
,,2009 wlis Semdeg ki, msoflio bankisa da saerTaSoriso
organizaciebis kategoriebis mixedviT, saqarTvelo Raribi qveyana aRar
iqneba. siRaribes erTxel da samudamod davtovebT warsulSi”.
abzacis damarwmunebel efeqts zrdis samomavlod konkretuli
TariRis dasaxeleba. Mmomxsenebeli saubrobs ara zogadad siRaribis
daZlevaze, romelic odesme miiRweva, aramed konkretulad 2009 wlis
Semdgom periodze.
mtkiceba/ra nabiji unda gadaidgas – reforma unda daCqardes da
gagrZeldes, ekonomikis liberalizacia unda gagrZeldes.
argumentis ZiriTadi winamZRvreba, msjelobis safuZveli aris 1)
arsebuli mdgomareoba da 2) is prognozi, rasac saerTaSoriso doneze
avtoritetuli finansuri dawesebulebebi gascemen. reforma da
48
liberaluri ekonomika ki am SemTxvevaSi gvevlineba im moqmedebad,
romelic dawyebulia da saWiroa, samomavlodac gagrZeldes.
mowodeba/ ra nabiji unda gadaidgas (Claim for action)

reforma unda daCqardes da gagrZeldes,
ekonomikis liberalizacia unda gagrZeldes.
mizani (Goal) Aarsebuli mdgomareoba

siRaribis daZleva; ,,adre gamousworebeli
qarTuli ekonomikis orosnebi viyaviT, xolo axla
ganviTareba: oTxosnebi gavxdiT.”
teqstis mixedviT, reformis swraf da Seuqcevad ganxorcielebazea

damokidebuli qveyanaSi socialuri sferos ganviTarebac. zemoaRniSnul
mowodebas (Claim for action) eTmoba momdevno argumentaciuli msjelobac
ganaTlebis sferos Sesaxeb. kvlav gamoyenebulia opozicia _
,,saqarTvelo vardebis revoluciamde da axla” sadac erTmaneTs
upirispirdeba erTis mxriv usamarTlobis cneba, epiTetebi:
,,gapartaxebuli, gaCanagebuli da dacarielebuli skolebi”, ,,Waobad
qceuli umaRlesebi”, xolo meores mxriv – reformis Sedegad miRweuli
samarTlianobis cneba.
ra nabiji unda gadaidgas: unda gagrZeldes reforma ganaTlebis
sistemaSi; is reforma, ,,romelmac umaRles saswavlebelSi Cabarebis
sistema mTlianad Secvala”.
arsebuli mdgomareoba: ganaTlebis miRebis samarTliani garemo,
,,saqarTvelo did nabijebs dgams erTiani evropuli saganmanaTleblo
sivrcisken”.
faseuloba/value premise: samarTlianoba.
samarTliani pirobebis sademonstraciod prezidents mohyavs erT-erTi
abiturientis magaliTi, romelic warmodgenilia reformis Semdeg
49
arsebuli ganaTlebis sistebis warmatebis simbolod.
,,ana axali saqarTvelos namdvili saxea da is da misTanani
momavali saqarTvelos baton-patronebi arian”.
momxseneblis mtkicebasTan dakavSirebiT mkveTrad gansxvavebulia
ekonomistebis garkveuli nawilis mosazreba. ekonomikur mecnierebaTa
doqtori, prof. vladimer papava ,,vardebis revoluciis’’ Semdgom
periodSi gatarebul reformebTan mimarTebaSi aRniSnavs, rom
korufciasTan brZolam, axalma sagadasaxado kodeqsma, biznesis
wamosawyebad gamartivebulma procedurebma, axalma SromiTma
kanonmdeblomam saqarTvelos neo-liberaluri reformebis gamtarebeli
qveynis imiji Seuqmna. Mmeores mxriv ki - dafiqsirda sakuTrebis uflebis
Selaxvis faqtebi, ekonomikis molopolizacia, elitaruli korufcia
(papava v., 2013).
erTiani nacionaluri moZraobis mTavrobis Sesaxeb sociologi

stiven jonsi (Jones, S. F. 2013) aRniSnavs, rom gatarebuli ekonomikuri
politika iyo gamanadgurebeli, pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebis
monacemebi iyo gafetiSebuli:
,,The government’s disastrous economic policy was an ideological neo-liberal fancy

which fetishized Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), eliminated jobs, neglected the rural economy,
stimulated corruption, and economically and socially marginalized the vast majority of
Georgians”.
(mTavrobis damangreveli ekonomikuri politika iyo ideologiuri

neo-lberaluri fantazia, romelmac gaafetiSa pirdapiri ucxouri
investiciebis maCvenebeli, mospo samuSao adgilebi, uyuradRebod miatova
soflis meurneoba, moaxdina korufciis stimulireba, moaxdina uamravi
qarTvelis ekonomikuri da socialuri marginalizacia).
III nawili - saiT da riT mivdivarT?

angariSis teqstis mesame monakveTi ukavSirdeba qveynis erTianobas,
usafrTxoebasa da sagareo kurss.
arsebuli viTareba: saqarTvelos hyavs mravali saerTaSoriso megobari.
Cveni qveynis teritoriis aneqsia surT;
50
mizani: saqarTvelos teritoriuli gaerTianeba, male ,,saqarTvelos
sazRvari nato-s sazRvari iqneba.”
Means - Goal: Tu gagrZeldeba reformebi, ,,Tu yvelaferi ise gagrZeldeba,
rogorc dRes midis, Tu veravin CagviTrevs raime mZime provokaciaSi,
saqarTvelos... namdvilad aqvs Sansi, rom 2008 wels natos wevri qveynebi
gaxdes, xolo wels ukve, SegviZlia nato-s wevrobis oficialuri
kandidati gavxdeT.”
Means - Goal: cnobierebis amaRleba saqarTvelos Sesaxeb ,,unda icodnen,
rom galel maswavlebels, romlis moswavlec ambobs: "gaumarjos Cems
qveyanas" - iWeren;”
ra nabiji unda gadaidgas (Claim)

unda gagrZeldes saerTaSoriso mxardaWeris mopoveba
mizani (Goal): Aarsebuli Means - Goal miznis miRwevis

viTareba: saSualeba
saqarTvelos
teritoriuli saqarTvelos saqarTvelos Sesaxeb
gaerTianeba, hyavs mravali saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis
saerTaSoriso cnobierebis amaRleba;
nato-Si
megobari
gawevrianeba reformebis gagrZeleba;
2006 wlis angariSis teqsti gamoirCeva imiT, rom masSi

warmodgenilia mravali mowodeba, aforizmi, alegoria, rac kidev ufro
mravalferovans xdis teqstis ritorikul diskurss:
„mieci niWsa gza farTo, Tayvaniscema Rirsebas“
naTqvamia: "ise uvlis, TiTqos Tavisi iyoso".
xazgasmulia qarTveli erisTvis yvelaze amaRelvebeli Rirebulebebi,
rogoricaa Tavisuflebis siyvaruli, sikeTe. warmodgenilia mtris –
borotebis xati, konkretuli dasaxelebis gareSe. mravlad aris
warmodgenili gzis metaforebi:
..Cven daviwyeT nangrevebidan da ugzoobidan”.
,,Cvens mier ukve ganvlili gza mxolod imas gviCvenebs, Tu ramdeni
gvaqvs kidev gasavleli”.
51
rac Seexeba moxsenebis dasawyisSi dasmul SekiTxvebs: saidan
daviwyeT, sadamde movediT da saiT mivdivarT? rogorc vnaxeT, samive
nawils axlavs SekiTxva – riT? rac xazgasmiT aRniSnavs meqanizmis,
saSualebis mniSvenelobis Sesaxeb. migvaCnia, rom momxsenebeli qveynis
ganviTarebaSi saxelisuflebo gundis monawileobis yvela etaps -
dasawyiss, awmyosa da samomavlod gadasadgmel nabijebs – ukavSirebs
reformas: daviwyeT, aqamde movediT da gavagrZelebT reformis
saSualebiT. 2006 wlis angariSis damamTavrebeli fraza (wina wlis
saangariSo moxsenebis teqstis msgavsad) formulirdeba gzis metaforisa
da locva-kurTxevis gamomxatveli leqsikiT: ,,am gzaze gamarjvebiT
svlaSი, RmerTi iyos Cveni mfarveli!”
2007 wlis 15 marti
2007 wlis angariSis teqstis dasawyisSive Cndeba pasuxismgeblobis

reprezentacia, romelic mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli msjelobis miznis
ukan mdgom tradiciul faseulobasTan – reformasTan. Aam
TvalsazrisiT, 2007 wlis angariSis teqsti gamorCeulia, radgan
angariSvaldebulebis Sesaxeb punqtobrivad Camoyalibebul informacias
amocanaTa ganxorcielebis meqanizmad reforma axlavs. Sesabamisad,
reforma gvevlineba ara mxolod faseulobad, aramed konkretul
meqanizmad. momxsenebeli araerTxel aRniSnavs xalxisagan miRebuli
davalebis Sesaxeb, swored es xdeba sityvis pirveli nawilis ZiriTadi
Tema: Tu ra davaleba miiRo xelisuflebaSi myofma gundma saqarTvelos
mosaxleobisagan da rogor gaarTva Tavi dakisrebul movaleobebs.
xalxisagan miRebuli davaleba teqstSi Svid punqtad aris

warmodgenili. zogadad, amocanaTa punqtobrivi Camoyalibeba, vfiqrob,
meti konkretikisa da pragmatuli komunikaciisakenaa mimarTuli da
msmenels ganawyobs swored aseTi konkretuli, dinamiuri
komunikaciisaTvis. teqstis aseTi forma, vfiqrob, msmenelis/ informaciიs
mimRebis damokidebulebis Seqmnas (attitude shaping) emsaxureba. mocemuli
angariSis teqstSi warmodgenili TiToeuli punqti (davaleba) da maTi
52
sapasuxo narativi enobriv-gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebis simravliT
xasiaTdeba.
,, Cven xalxisagan miviReT davaleba:
1) dagvebrunebina qveynis Rirseba;

2) dagvemyarebina wesrigi, dagvemarcxebina kriminaluri da qurduli
samyaro, romelic sicocxles umwarebda xalxs;
3) dagvemarcxebina korufcia, SegveCerebina yovel nabijze xalxisaTvis
fulis warTmeva, saxelmwifo organos yvela doneze qrTamis
gamoZalva, saxelmwifo da arasaxelmwifo moxeleebis mier xalxis
jibeebSi xelis mudmivi faTuri;
4) gagvezarda ganiavebuli da gacamtverebuli biujeti, pensiebi da
xelfasebi, gagvestumrebina mravalwliani da mravalmilioniani
davalianebebi;
5) dagveZlia aseve mravalwliani energokrizisi, rom xalxs Rirseboda
anTebuli naTura, gamTbari saxli, CarTuli televizori; rom
saSualod 2 saaTis nacvlad 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi hqonodaT
eleqtroenergia da 21-e saukuneSi ar yofiliyvnen navTqurisa da
Wraqis amara;
6) Segveqmna pirobebi, sadac codna da simarTle dafasdeboda; sadac
patiosani da Sromismoyvare miaRwevda warmatebas, da ara muqTaxora
da naZirala;
7) wertili dagvesva saqarTvelos ususurobisa da
dabeCavebulobisaTvis. dagvebrunebina Zala da Segveqmna iseTi
qarTuli armia, romelic SeZlebda samSoblos mTlianobisa da
usafrTxoebis dacvas.
pirveli punqti (1) metaforulad gamoxatuli zogadi amocanaa. misi
sapasuxo abzacic aseve metaforuli da emociuri narativia. masSi
sWarbobs urTierTsawinaaRmdego viTarebaTa aRwera, warmodgenilia
antiTezisi: erTis mxriv - gapartaxebuli qveyana, xolo meores mxriv -
axali saqarTvelo. pirvel punqtze saubrisas momxenebeli vardebis
revoluciamdel qveyanas upirispirebs cnebas ,,axali saqarTvelo”,
53
romelsac sxvadasxva epiTeturi ganmarteba axlavs. iqmneba opoziciaze
winaT/axla dafuZnebuli oriMurTierTdapirispirebuli xati:
saqarTvelo 2003 wlis noembramde:
,,gapartaxebuli da warumateblobis WaobSi Cafluli” qveyana.
,,stagnaciaSi gayinuli, maCanCala” qveyana;
,,Tavidan bolomde korumpirebuli” qveyana;
“qurduli gagebis qveyana”;
,,demoralizebuli, daCoqili, RirsebaSelaxuli da uimedo” qveyana;
saqarTvelo 2003 wlis noembris Semdeg ,,axali saqarTvelo”:
,,msoflios erT-erTi yvelaze dinamikurad ganviTarebadi saxelmwifo”;
,,msofliom nomer pirvel reformator qveynad aRiara;”
,,korufciasTan brZolis tempiTa da SedegiT mTeli msoflios lideri”;
,,qurduli instituti xerxemalSia gadatexili”.
,,amayi da welSi gamarTuli ,,axali saqarTvelo”;
,,xalxs daubrunda erovnuli Rirsebis gancda”
,,evropis erT-erTi mowinave qveyanaa optimizmis xarisxis maCveneblis

mixedviT.”
meore punqtis sapasuxo narativSi ikveTeba samarTlianobis

reprezentacia - dasaxelebulia qurduli samyaros winaaRmdeg gaweuli
samarTlebrivi qmedebebi kanonisa da procedurebis dacviT.
mesame da meeqvse punqtebs exmaureba abzaci ganaTlebis reformis

Sesaxeb. teqstSi viTardeba argumentirebuli msjelobis struqtura:
mtkiceba - ,,dRes vcxovrobT sqarTveloSi, sadac codna fasdeba.”
umaRlesi ganaTlebisaTvis saxelmwifo dafinanseba samarTlianad
nawildeba. ,,Cvens universitetebSi iricxebian yvelaze ubralo ojaxebis
Svilebi”.
winamZRvreba: magaliTi im konkretuli abiturientis, romelic
54
sityvis warmoTqmis dros darbazSi imyofeba. ,,mivesalmoT am niWier
axalgazrdas!”
aRiniSna, rom winamdebare naSromSi ganxiluli saparlamento

angariSis teqstebisaTvis argumentis zemoT moyvanili sqema
damaxasiaTebelia. abzacis emociur datvirTvas zrdis abiturientis
darbazSi yofna da misi misalmeba. msmenelSi dadebiTi ganwyobis Semqnis
Semdeg momxsenebli axali saxelisuflebo gundis reformatorul
kursze saubrobs. erTi konkretuli pirisa Tu movlenis magaliTi,
rogorc winamZRvreba qmnis argumentirebul msjelobaSi xarvezis (Hasty
Generalisation) ganviTarebis risks. magaliTad, vfiqrob, rom msjelobis
dros xarvezia daSvebuli (Hasty Generalisation) Semdeg monakveTSi
(romelic mesame punqts ukavSirdeba):
,,korufcia problema aRar aris. guSinwin daiWires sagadasaxado

samsaxuris TanamSromlebi. am operacias prokuraturam marcxena jibe
daarqva. maT aRmoaCines korufciis mTeli sqema. korufcia mTlianad
daZleulia.’’
mtkiceba (Claim): korufcia mTlianad daZleulia.
winamZRvreba (Premise): guSinwin daiWires sagadasaxado samsaxuris

TanamSromlebi... aRmoaCines korufciis mTeli sqema.
xarvezi aRniSnul monakveTSi aris is, rom sagadasaxado samsaxurSi

gatarebuli operacia aris ganzogadebuli: dasaSvebia, rom sagadasaxado
samsaxuris farglebSi aRniSnuli sqemis miRma iyos darCenili korufciis
sxva meqanizmebi. amasTan, sagadasaxado samsaxuris ganzogadeba qveynis
masStabiT gazviadebaa.
msgavsi tipis argumentaciuli abzaci aqvs warmodgenili

preზidents qveynis zrdis maCvenebelTan dakavSirebiT:
(1) ,,SarSandeli weli iyo weli, rodesac pirveli qarTuli kompania -

saqarTvelos banki gavida londonis safondo birJaze.
55
(2) da Tu cota xnis winaT, qarTuli ekonomika vladikavkazisa da
ergneTis bazrobebze - keTdeboda, axla man londonis safondo
birJaze gadainacvla.
(3) esec Cveni qveynis zrdis maCvenebelia.
zemoTmoyvanili abzacis pirveli da meore nawili SegviZlia

ganvixiloT, rogorc winamZRvreba im mtkicebis gasamyareblad, romelic
mesame nawilSi JRerdeba: qveynis zrda. ,,londonis safondo birJaze 70
qveynis warmomadgeneli 3,000-mde kompaniaa ganTavsebuli. aqedan, mxolod
1000-mde kompaniaa premium listingSi, xolo kavkasiis regionidan mxolod
erTi - ,,saqarTvelos banki”. saqarTvelos banki aseve erTaderTi ucxouri
bankia xuT wamyvan britanul banks Soris - HSBC, Lloyds, RBS, Barclays,
Standard Chartered - romelsac aqciebi premium listingSi aqvs ganTavsebuli
(gazeTi 24 saaTi, 01.03.12. statia saxelwodebiT -kavkasiis regionidan
mxolod erTi - saqarTvelos banki ukve londonis safondo birJaze
premium listingSia).” miuxedavad aRniSnuli bankis warmatebisa,
vfiqrobT, erTi konkretuli magaliTiT ganzogadeba argumentaciuli
msjelobis xarvezs warmoadgens (Hasty Generalisation).
2007 wlis angariSis teqstis mniSvnelovani nawili (4815 sityva

angariSis sruli teqstidan, 6898 sityvidan) warmoadgens gasuli wlis
sirTuleebisa da SesaZleblobebis stilisturi xerxebiT gajerebul
mimoxilvas. teqstSi ZiriTadad warmodgenilia paTetikuri mtkicebebi
(Sesabamisi winamZRvrebebis gareSe). naklebad gvxvdeba msjeloba
samomavlod gadasadgmel nabijebze. praqtikuli argumentaciis
konteqstSi teqstis es nawili metad Raribia, magram gamomsaxvelobiTi
leqsikuri erTeulebis analizis TvalsazrsiT, masala namdvilad iZleva
saintereso kvlevis saSualebas. damarwmunebeli efeqtis moxdenis mizniT
momxsenebeli xSirad imeorebs garkveul leqsikur erTeulebs, frazebs.
magaliTad, anaforas: teqstis pirvel monakveTSi fraza ,,SarSandeli
weli iyo’’ meordeba TxuTmetjer da TiToeuli maTgani viTardeba
konkretul sferoSi miRweuli Sedegis aRweriT. teqstSi araerTxel
gvxvdeba abzaci, romelic erTdroulad ramdenime gamomsaxvelobiT
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saSualebas Seicavs. magaliTad, ganpirovneba, gameoreba da aluzia
erTadADgvxvdeba Semdeg monakveTSi:
,,evropa xelaxla modis saqarTveloSi, iseve rogorc saqarTvelo

xelaxla uSinaurdeba mas. evropa saqarTveloSi pirvelad movida Tavisi
miTebiT promeTes dasaxsnelad. movida maSinac, rodesac saqarTvelo
erT-erTi pirveli qristianuli saxelmwifo gaxda”.
rac Seexeba msjelobas samomavlod gadasadgmeli nabijebis

Sesaxeb, praqtikuli argumentaciis sqemasa da msmenelis / informaciis
mimRebis darwmunebas aRniSnuli nabijebis gadadgmis aucileblobasa da
sisworeSi, sainteresod migvaCnia 2007 wlis angariSis teqstis monakveTi:
,,saqarTveloSi ganviTarebis uaxloes etapze...yvelaferi es erTad
aucileblad mogvcems Sedegs” (725 sityva), romlis ZiriTadi mowodebaa –
unda Semcirdes umuSevroba da siRaribe. aRniSnuli monakveTis
praqtikuli argumentaciis sqemis mixedviT, analizis Sedegad mivediT
Semdeg daskvnamde: siRaribisa da umuSevrobis daZlevis erT-erT gzad
momxsenebeli ekonomikur saqmianobasTan dakavSirebuli procedurebis
gamartivebas asaxelebs. miznis miRwevis saSualeba, Means Goal - ,,a
hypothesis that could presumably lead us from our circumstances to our goals, from one state of
affairs to another” (Isabela Fairclough & Fairclough, 2012) ukavSirdeba reformebs.
mizani: ,,saqarTveloSi ganviTarebis uaxloes etapze umuSevroba orjer
unda Semcirdes da mkveTrad Semcirdes siRaribe”.
mtkiceba / ra nabiji unda gadaidgas/claim for action:
,,procedurebi unda daixvewos, gamartivdes da daCqardes, raTa
mewarmisaTvis pasuxgaucemeli kiTxvebi aRar darCes”.
Means-Goal: ekonomikuri sistemis reforma;
Means-Goal: liberaluri sagadasaxado kodeqsi;
Means-Goal: sasamarTlo reforma;
mimaCnia, rom mocemuli teqsti emsaxureba sazogadoebaSi reformisa
da libelaruli ekonomikis mimarT dadebiTi Sexedulebis Camoyalibebas.
es xdeba Sesaferisi argumentaciuli msjelobiT, konteqstis SerCeviT,
pirdapiri mowodebis gziT an impliciturad. 2007 wlis angariSis
teqstSi sityva ,,reforma” dadebiTi konotaciis, warmatebisa da
57
samarTlianobis mniSvnelobis Semcav sityebTan sinonimuri mniSvnelobiT
aris gamoyenebuli:
,,reformatoruli, uangaro Sroma’’;

,,reformatoruli da mowinave parlamenti.’’ (,,yvelaze gabeduli
reformistuli kanonebi” – 2006 wlis angariSidan).
,,Cveni xalxi asjer ufro brZenia, vidre zogierTi is politikosi,
romelic reformebis winaaRmdeg gamodis.”
,,yvela reforma, romel sferoSic ar unda xorcieldebodes igi,
sabolood, miznad isaxavs erTs _ gaumjobesdes Cveni moqalaqeebis
cxovreba. ar arsebobs arapopularuli reformebi“.
angariSis teqstSi reforma warmodgenilia uaryofiTi konotaciis
cnebebTan SepirispirebiT da dadebiTi konotaciis amocanebTan
paralelurad:
,,korumpirebuli da uRirsi mosamarTleebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi

mxardaWeris nacvlad, zogierTebma politikuri omi gamoucxades
reformas”.
,,xalxi arc erTxel ar ayva am reformebis winaaRmdeg dawyebul

kampanias. amitom Cveni mTavari amocanaa, rom ganviTardes Cveni ekonomika,
xalxs gauCndes ufro meti SesaZlebloba...” …
omisa da bunebrivi kataklizmebis metaforaTa simravliT

gamoirCeva 2009 wlis saparlamento anგariSis teqsti. moxseneba Seicavs
5800 sityvas, saidanac misalmebis nawilSi 601 sityvaa warmodgenili –
teqstis 10 procentze meti eTmoba komunikacias, romelic konkretul
Setyobinebas ar moicavs, Tumca ritorikuli TvalsazrisiT mdidaria da
darwmunebis efeqts axdens. wina wlebSi wardgenili saparlamento
angariSebis teqstebis msgavsad, 2009 wels gaJRerebuli teqstis
misalmebaSic emociur datvirTvas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eTmoba da
enobrivi saSualebebi amisaTvis maqsimalurad aris gamoyenebuli. wamyvani
ritorikuli figura aRniSnul nawilSi aris anafora – abzacebis
58
dasawyisSi ToTxmetjer meordeba sityva ,,mivmarTav”, romelsac
momxseneblis mxridan sazogadoebis gasaWiris xazgasma mosdevs. Sedegad,
momxsenebeli atyobinebs msmenels/informaciis mimRebs, rom yvela
mniSvnelovani socialuri problemis saqmis kursSia. tradiciulad,
saangariSo sityvis dasawyisSive Cndeba pasuxismgeblobis reprezentacia:
,,noemberSi me warvsdeqi parlamentis sagamoZiebo komitetis winaSe
da mravali saaTis ganmavlobaSi vpasuxobdi dasmul yvela SekiTxvas.
miuxedavad imisa, rom kanoni amas ar mavaldebulebs, dRes me
vapireb, davrCe Cemi moxsenebis Semdeg da monawileoba miviRo
saparlamento debatebSi.”
angariSis momdevno teqstSi prioritets warmoadgens fokusireba
ekonomiis gajansaRebaze da dasaqmebis gazrdaze. sainteresod migvaCnia,
yuradReba gavamaxviloT moxsenebis pirvel nawilSi warmodgenil
monakveTze: ,,saqarTvelo didi erovnuli gamowvevebis winaSe dgas . . .
saqarTvelos ekonomikaSi ufro meti fuli Caidos (795 sityva)”. mimaCnia,
rom am monakveTSi praqtikuli argumentaciis saintეreso magaliTi
gvxvdeba.
winamdebare kvlevis meore TavSi Cven mimovixileT darwmunebis
ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi. aRvniSneT, rom darwmunebis xibli mis
nebayoflobiT xasiaTSi mdgomareobs. A okifis ganmartebis mixedviT,
darwmuneba aris ,,warmatebuli winaswarganzraxuli Zalisxmeva, rom
Secvalo sxvaTa gonebrivi mdgomareoba komunikaciis meSveobiT iseT
garemoSi, sadac darwmunebas aqvs Tavisufleba garkveuli doziT”
(o'kifi 2002) Jeral mileri ki darwmunebis farglebSi arapirdapir
iZulebaze saubrobs: ,,darwmunebis diskursi aris arapirdapir iZulebiTi,
rac gulisxmobs, rom SetyobinebaTa damarwmunebeli efeqti xSirad
damokidebulia safrTxeebsa da dapirebebze, rasac Setyobinebis
gadmomcemi aJRerebs” (mileri 2012). 2009 wlis angariSis teqstis pirvel
nawilSi, mas Semdeg, rac sruldeba vrceli da sxvadasxva enobrivi
saSualebiT gajerebuli misalmeba, momxsenebli inacvlebs msoflio
ekonomikuri krizisis Temaze, romelic stiqiis metaforiT aris
gamoxatuli. prezidenti saubrobs msoflio ekonomikuri krizisis
Sedegad dazaralebuli ukrainis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb:
59
,,bevri Tqvengani bolo xanebSi, albaT, iyo baltiispireTSi,
ungreTSi an ukrainaSi. ukrainaSi im manqanebis mesamedic ki ar dadis,
ramdenic Tundac erTi wlis winaT dadioda. carielia maRaziebi da
kafeebi. qalaqis centrSi Suqebic Camqralia”.
Mmomxseneblis mier saparlamento angariSis wardgenis periodSi,
finansuri krizisi amerikis SeerTebuli Statebidan msoflios masStabiT
gavrcelda. prezidenti gansakuTrebiT gamohyofs ukrainis magaliTs da,
rogorc zemoT moyvanil citataSi Cans, ganzogadebul mtkicebas
warmogvidgens. aris Tu ara am abzacSi gazviadeba gamoyenebuli,
damokidebulia monacemebze da msjelobis sagania, Tumca, sainteresoa,
rom ukrainaSi arsebul mZime finansur-ekonomikur krizisTan
brZolisuunarobas prezidenti qveynis politikur mdgomareobas
ukavSirebs:
,,Cvenze asjer meti potencialisa da resursebis mqone qveyana,
politikuri kinklaobis fonze ara Tu ver axerxebs krizisidan
gamosvlas, aramed sul ufro Rrmad Sedis am krizisSi’’.
vfiqrob, rom swored es nawili Seicavs implicitur muqaras – Tuki
saqarTveloSi politikuri dapirispireba gagrZeldeba, maSin Cveni qveyana
ekonomikuri krizisis savalalo Sedegebs gaiziarebs. winamdebare
kvlevis meore TavSi Cven muqaris Semcveli komunikacia darwmunebisgan
gavmijneT. angariSis teqstis momdevno abzacebi warmoadgens msjelobas
imaze, rom ekonomikuri krizisisagan Tavis daRwevis mizniT,
saqarTveloSi unda SenarCundes politikuri stabiluroba. vnaxoT, Tu
ra komponentebisagan Sedgeba msejloba:
arsebuli mdgomareoba: momxenebeli globaluri konteqstis warmodgenis
da am konteqstSi saqarTvelos mdgomareobis asaxvisas pirdapir
aRniSnavs, rom miuxedavad msoflio masStabiT gavrcelebuli krizisisa,
saqarTveloSi krizisuli mdgomareoba moxsenebis parlamentSi wardgenis
droisTvis ar aris. SegviZlia, rom es mosazrebac, garkveulwilad,
gaJRerebul mtkicebad (claim) miviCnioT, radgan prezidenti punqtobrivad
mihyveba mtkicebis gamyarebas da warmoadgens winamZRvrebebs (premises),
ayalibebs rogorc sirTuleebs, aseve SesaZleblobebs:
mtkiceba (claim): saqarTveloSi saxezea ekonomikuri sirTuleebi.
60
(argumentis markerebi, iseTi, rogoricaa: ,,amitom”, ,,Sesabamisad”, ,,imitom
rom” punqtobrivi Camoyalibebis dros ar gamoiyeneba). CamoTvlilia ori
saxis winamZRvrebi: sirTuleebi da SesaZleblobebi. sirTuleebs
ganapirobebs: samuSao adgilebis dakargva safinanso sistemaSi,
problemebi uZravi qonebis bazarze, saSualo fenis sabanko kreditebi –
yvela es Tema pirdapir kavSirSia msoflio ekonomikur krizisTan da
exmaureba msoflioSi arsebul problemebs. Tamamad SegviZlia vTqvaT,
rom sirTuleTa CamonaTvalSi ar aris iseTi sakiTxi, romlis Tavidan
arideba SeeZlo saxelmwifos saangariSo periodisaTvis. yvela
dasaxelebuli sirTule msoflio ekonomikuri krizisis Tanmdevia.
vfiqrob, rom angariSis teqstis am nawilSi momxsenebeli saintereso
damarwmunebel strategias mimarTavs: igi aJRerebs problematur
sakiTxebs, rac msmenels kargad Seaxsenebs msoflioSi arsebuli
krizisis Tanmdevi viTarebis Sesaxeb. msmenelisTvis aseve cnobilia, rom
es problemebi saqarTvelos xelisuflebis araswori ekonomikuri
politikis Sedegi ar aris. amave abzacSi xelisuflebis dadebiTi imijia
gaTvaliswinebuli winadadebis im sqemiT, romelsac momxsenebeli sakmaod
xSirad mimarTavs:
,,safinanso sistemaSi bevri kvalificiuri moxele kargavs im
samuSao adgils, romelic, xazgasmiT aRvniSnav, bolo ori wlis
ganmavlobaSi Seiqmna”.
Mmocemul winadadebaSi informacia asea warmodgenili: gvaqvs
mtkiceba uaryofiTi mdgomareobis, problemis arsebobis Sesaxeb da -
mtkiceba, romelic momxseneblis (an misi gundis) upiratesobaze,
pozitivze miuTiTebs. vfiqrob, rom mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs
winadadebis sintaqsuri struqtura.
mizani: ekonomikis gadarCena, samuSao adgilebis SenarCuneba, dasaqmebis
gazrda;
ra nabiji unda gadavdgaT / Claim for action: unda SevinarunoT
politikuri stabiluroba. omis metaforiT gamoxatavs momxsenebeli
argumentis mtkicebas da mowodebas:
,,Cven win didi brZola gvelis, es aris brZola ekonomikis
gadasarCenad, brZola samuSao adgilebis SesanarCuneblad, brZola
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siRaribis winaaRmdeg. am brZolaSi Cveni warmateba damokidebulia erT
rameze, SevZlebT Tu ara Cven SevinarCunoT erTianoba da stabiluroba”.
ra nabiji unda gadavdgaT/ Claim for action:

unda SevinarunoT politikuri stabiluroba
mizani/ Goal: arsebuli mdgomareoba: Means-Goal:

ekonomikis msoflioSi ekonomikuri Tu politikuri
gadarCena, samuSao krizisia; stabiluroba
adgilebis ar SenarCuneba,
saqarTveloSi saxezea
SenarCuneba, qveyana Seva
ekonomikuri
dasaqmebis gazrda; krizisSi;
sirTuleebi;
mocemul SemTxvevaSi rTulia vTqvaT, rom momxsenebeli cdilobs

msmenelis / informaciis mimRebis darwmunebas argumentaciis gziT,
radgan, rogorc aRvniSneT, darwmuneba muqaras (implicitursac ki) ar
unda Seicavdes. kritikuli diskursis farglebSi Cndeba kiTxvebi:
dasaxelebuli miznidan gamomdinare, mowodeba relevanturi da
aucilebelia? politikuri stabilurobis SenarCuneba namdvilad aris is
erTaderTi gza, romelic ekonomikis gajansaRebamde miiyvans
sazogadoebas? msjelobis dros mxolod ukrainis magaliTis moyvanas
garkveuli subieqturi sarCuli xom ar udevs?
2009 wlis angariSis teqsti aseve gamoirCeva konkretuli
pirovnebebis magaliTebiT, calkeuli pirebis SemTxvevis ganzogadebiT.
კვლავ xazgasmiT aris aRniSnuli reformis dadebiTi wvlili qveynis
ganviთarebis saqmeSi. warmodgenilia antiTezisi: evroatlantikur
struqturebSi integracia da mteri, romelic qveynis erTianobas uqmnis
safrTxes.
2009 wlis saangariSo sityva sainteresod mimaCnia Dispositio-sTan
(ritorikis xuTi wesidan erT-erTi) mimarTebaSi. Dispositio (berZnuli
Sesatyvisi – Taxis) gulisxmobs sajarod warmoTqmuli sityvis ganlagebas,
mimdevrobas. vfiqrob, rom mocemuli angariSis teqsti am kuTxiT
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ritorikis mocemul kanons - Dispositio-s srulad iTvaliswinebs da
STabeWdilebas axdens. moxsenebis bolo nawilSi prezidenti kvlav
ubrundeba maT, visac mimarTa sityvis dasawyisSi - misalmebis dros:
,,minda davubrunde maT, visi moxseniebiTac daviwye saubari da kidev
erTxel mivmarTo yvela pensioners, yvela umuSevars, gaWirvebaSi myofs,
yvela maswavlebels da eqims...”
abzacs mohyveba optimizmiTa da mowodebiT gajerebuli narativi,
romelic gamomsaxvelobiT leqsikur erTeulebs mravlad Seicavs.
metaforulad aris warmodgenili imediani momavali:
,,nu ifiqrebT rom aRarsodes mova gazafxuli’’,
,,davatrialebT waRma bedis borbals!’’,
,,icodeT, rom axla ar aris xelis Caqnevis dro, axla aris Zalebis
mokrebis, rwmenis SenarCunebis, mtveris CamoferTxvis, welSi gamarTvis,
erTmaneTisTvis xelebis Cakidebis da imedis SenarCunebis dro.”
Cemi azriT, 2009 wlis saangariSoO moxsenebis teqstis mixedviT,
prezidenti yvelaze metad avlens sakuTar Tavs eris winamZRolad,
mosaxleobaze mzrunvel liderad. rac Seeseba sxva praqtikuli
argumentebis identificirebas, 2009 wlis saangariSo moxseneba am mxrivაც
mdidaria. Gpraqtikuli argumentები gamovlinda Semdegi mimarTulebebis
mixedviT:
- sampunqtiani gegma saqarTvelos ekonomikaSi investiciebis mozidvis
mizniT (478 sityva);
- Qsaxelmwifo instituciebis xarjebis Semcireba, qamrebis moWeris
politika ekonomikis sirTuleebis daZlevis mizniT (234 sityva);
- socialuri iniciativa - xelmisawvdomi dazRvevis programis
inicireba (774 sityva);
- devnilebis mdgobareobis gaumjobeseba (442 sityva);
- zrunva pensionrebze (308 sityva);
- zrunva maswavleblebze (491 sityva);
- zrunva soflis dasaqmebaze (865 sityva);
63
- saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlianobis aRdgena samSvidobo
misiebis internacionalizaciisa da saerTaSoriso institutebis
maqsimaluri CarTulobis gziT (421 sityva).
ganvixiloT teqstis is nawili, sadac prezidenti msjelobs
saqarTvelos ekonomikaSi investiciebis mozidvis gazrdis Sesaxeb:
arsebuli mdgomareoba ,,axla Cvens ekonomikas sWirdeba fuli da msxvili
investiciebi’’
mizani/ Goal: ,,am samive mimarTulebis mizania, rom saxelmwifo daexmaros
qarTul kompaniebs im saxelmwifo dakveTebiT, romlebzec axla cxaddeba
tenderebi, raTa Cvenma kompaniebma SeinarCunos biznesi, akeTos saqme da
ar dakargos samuSao adgilebi.
Rirebuleba/ velue: ekonomikuri stabiluroba, moqalaqeebis გamdidreba,
ukeTesi momavali.
ra nabiji unda gadavdgaT/ Claim for action: ,,Cven viwyebT sampunqtiani
gegmis ganxorcielebas, romelic gulismobs: 1. nabijebs, romlebic
ucxour daxmarebas akavSirebs axali samuSao adgilebis SeqmnasTan;
2. ekonomikis stimulirebis axal programas, romlis mixedviTac moxdeba
2,2 miliardi laris saxelmwifos mier investireba iseT proeqtebSi,
romlebic aZLierebs ekonomikas da qmnis pirobebs 25000-ze meti samuSao
adgilisTvis. 3. ucxouri kerZo investiciebis mozidvas.’’
mizez -Sedegobrivi kavSiri/ Means-Goal premise: ,,am samive mimarTulebis
mixedviT, saxelmwiofo xdeba yvelaze msxvili investor qarTul
ekonomikaSi. saxelmwifo axla, msoflio krizisisa da sagareo
investiciebis Semcirebis fonze debs ekonomikaSi imaze met Tanxas, vidre
bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi erTad aRebuli Caudia.’’
Means-Goal premise /mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSiri: ,,4.5 miliard dolariani
donorTa daxmarebis nawilia 500 milion dolariani paketi sabanko
seqtorisTvis...mixaria, rom bankebi nel-nela iwyeben fiqrs saqarTveloSi
farTomasStabiani sesxebis gacemis Taobaze.’’
diskursis kritikuli analizis mixedviT, zemoaRniSnul msjelobaSi
ismis ara erTi kiTxva: momseneblis mier dasaxelebuli mizani da miznis
miRwevis gzebi ramdenad TanxvedraSia erTmaneTTan? qveyanaSi
64
ekonomikuri stabilurobis perspeqtivis dasaxvas saxelmwifo dakveTebi
(tenderebis SeTavazeba kompaniebisTvis) hyofnis? Tuki (rogorc Tavad
momxsenebli aRniSnavs) msoflioSi ekonomikuri krizisia da sagareo
investiciebi iklebs, ramdenad relevanturia ucxouri daxmarebis, erT-
erTi pirvel punqtad identificireba? saxelmwifos yvelaze msxvili
investoroba ekonomikaSi namdvilad Seqmnis ekonomikur stabilurobas da
uzrunvelyofs ukeTes momavals? am msjelobaSi farTo asparezi
daeTmoba ekonomikis mimarTulebas, Tumca zemoaRniSnuli argumentis
Sinaarsis ganxilvis gareSec ikveTeba miznis, arsebuli viTarebis,
samoqmedo gegmisa da mizez-Sedegobriv kavSirebis Seusabamoba.
2010 wlis 26 Tebervals gaJRerebuli angariSis misalmebis nawilSi

prezidenti iTvaliswinebs konteqsts da sazogadoebis molodins.
sajaro mimarTva iwyeba zamTris olimpiur TamaSebSi ubeduri SemTxvevis
Sedegad daRupuli qarTveli sportsmenis nodar qumaritaSvilis
gaxsenebiT: misi cxovrebis istoriis moTxrobiT. konteqstis
gaTvaliswinebiT, warmodgenilia sakmaod emociuri narativi, romlesac
kidev ufro amZfrebs sportsmenis mSoblebis yofna saqarTvelos
parlamentis sxdomaTa darbazSi da momxsneblis mimarTva msmenelisadmi:
„isini dRes saqarTvelos parlamentSi imyofebian da minda mivesalmoT
maT!“
2012 wlis 28 Tebervals prezidentis sityva analogiuri saxis

mimarTviT iwyeba:
„minda gTxovoT, rom wuTieri dumiliT pativi mivagoT maT da

avRaneTSi daRupuli 15 gmiris xsovnas“.
orive SemTxvevaSi swored emociuri fonis Semdeg Cndeba

pasuxismgeblobis reprezentacia.
2010 wlis Tebervali: „mas Semdeg, rac xalxma saqarTvelos prezidentad

amirCia, ukve meeqvsed vdgavar saqarTvelos parlamentis winaSe, raTa
CagabaroT prezidentis yovelwliuri angariSi.“
65
2012 wlis Tebervali: „CemTvis didi pativia kidev erTxel warvdge Tqvens
winaSe da CagabaroT angariSi qveynis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb“.
vfiqrob, warmodgenili abzacebis damarwmunebeli efeqti maT

konteqsts ukavSirdeba - sityvis Tu romel nawilSia gaJRerebuli
pasuxismgeblobis reprezentacia. nodar qumaritaSvilisa Tu avRaneTSi
daRupuli qarTveli mebrZolebis gaxsenebis teqstis Semdeg prezidentis
mxridan angariSvaldebulebaze saubari damarwmunebeli da Zlieria,
radgan msmenelis didi nawili, savaraudod, garkveuli emociuri
gavlenis qveS imyofeba. amasTan, angariSvaldebulebis Temaze gadasvlis
dros momxsenebeli warmoadgens gambedaobis, modernizaciisadmi Riaobis
reprezentacias, romelic ukavSirdeba xelisuflebaSi myof gunds. igi
mimoixilavs ganvlili wlebis sirTules da xelisuflebis midgomas am
sirTuleebis mimarT metaforulad gamoxatavs:
,,imis nacvlad, rom gvekiTxa ,,ratom?’’, vikiTxeT ,,ratomac ara?”.
angariSis teqstis mixedviT, aRniSnuli fraza SegviZlia

ganvixiloT da ganvazogadoT, rogorc mTavrobis midgoma qveynis winaSe
mdgari gamowvevebisa da problemebis mimarT. amave konteqstSi gvxvdeba
anafora - sami abzaci iwyeba sityvebiT ,,gvqonda wlebi”. warmodgenilia
2008 da 2009 wlebis mimoxilva. 2009 wlis ZiriTad siTuleebs,
momxseneblis mixedviT, warmoadgenda: rusuli agresia, msoflio
ekonomikuri krizisi da Sida politikuri daZabuloba. aRniSnuli
movlenebis Sedegebis aRwerisas prezidenti mimarTavs kidev erT mZlavr
enobriv saSualebas da maT adarebs damangrevel stiqiur Zalas:
,,am samive movlenam cunamis talRebiviT gadauara Cvens axlad

fexze damdgar ekonomikas”’.
sainteresod mimaCnia aRvniSno, rom angariSis teqstis pirvel

nawilSi momxsenebelma warmoadgina 501 sityvisagan Semdgari narativi,
romlis mizans saqarTvelos prezidentis mxridan mosaxleobis mimarT
madlierebisa da pativiscemis gamoxatva warmoadgens. prezidenti
madlobas eubneba xalxs imisTvis, rom man zemoaRniSnuli katastrofuli
sirTuleebis gadalaxva SeZlo. Mmocemul narativSi: sityva ,,madloba’’
66
meordeba TerTmetjer. Svidjer meordeba fraza „es madloba ekuTvnis’’,
samjer meordeba fraza ,,Tqveni damsaxurebaa’’, sityva xalxi
gansazRvrulia, rogorc ,,Cveni qveynis pirveli piri’’. vfiqrob, rom
mocemuli monakveTi sazogadoebis keTilganwyobis mopovebas isaxavs
miznad. ritorikis kanonebis dacviT, momxsenebeli iTvaliswinebs
socialur konteqstsa da sazogadoebis mimarT yuradRebis gamoCenis
mniSvnelobas.
vfiqrob, rom mocemuli angariSis teqstSi saTaTbiro msjeloba

(deliberation) an praqtikuli argumentacia Tavisi Semadgeneli sqemebiT
warmodgenili ar aris. xSiria SemTxveva, rodesac gaJRerebuli
mtkicebebis gamamyarebeli teqsti aris konkretuli Sesabamisi pirebis
dasaxeleba da maTi magaliTebis moyvana. momxsenebels ufro metad
axasiaTebs konkretulidan zogadi msjelobis gamoyvana. magaliTisTvis,
gvaqvs Semdegi saxis mtkiceba:
,,mxolod liberaluri ekonomikis Senebis gziT SevZlebT Cveni

qveynis ekonomikis namdvil gajansaRebas“.
mtkicebis gasamyareblad momxsenebels mohyavs axalgazrda

amerikeli wyvilis magaliTi, romelic saqarTveloSi damkvidrda. maT
saqarTvelo aRmoaCines, rogorc qveyana, „sadac aris Zalian dabali
gadasaxadebi, Zalze martivia yvela biznes procedura, arc biurokratia
awuxebs mewarmes da arc kriminali.“ amgvari magaliTi, pirTa
dasaxelebiTa da maTi istoriis warmodgeniT prezidents mxolod
mocemul moxsenebaSi moyvanili aqvs eqvsjer. Mmoyvanil magaliTebSi
vlindeba araformaluri logikis SefasebiT argumentaciis xarvezi,
ganzogadeba. Secundum quid – hasty Generalization;
2010 wlis angariSis teqstis nawili – sakmaod vrceli monakveTi

(romelic 1786 sityvisagan Sedgeba), miznad isaxavs msmnelis/ Setyobinebis
mimRebis darwmunebas erT ZiriTad sakiTxSi: momxseneblis mier gacemuli
dapirebebi sruldeba, Sesabamisad, momdevno iniciativacebic
ganxorcielebadia. es sxvadasxvagvarad xdeba: misalmebis emociur fonze
pasuxismgeblobis reprezentaciis warmoCeniT, gadadgmuli warmatebuli
nabijebis ganxilviT, Tu sxvadasxva avtoritetuli gamocemis damowmebiT.
67
am kuTxiT mravlad aris gamoyenebuli angariSvaldebulebis
gamomxatveli leqsikuri erTeulebi da frazebi, magaliTisTvis,
samarTaldamcavTa termins mimarTavs prezidenti Semdegi gancxadebis
dros:
,,dRes me SemiZlia sruli pasuxismgeblobiT vupatako Cvens xalxs,

rom es piroba Sesrulebulia!”’
gaJRerebulia mtkiceba (claim), rom 2010 weli iqneba ekonomikuri

gajansaRebis weli. Sedegis xazgasmis mizniT, teqstSi xSirad
ekonomikuri gaumjobeseba metaforulad aris warmodgenili da
gamoyenebulia janmrTelobasTan dakavSirebuli leqsikuri erTeulebi:
,,SeiniSneba gajansaReba”
,,es yvelaferi aris gajansaRebis konkretuli niSnebi,

mniSvnelovani simptomebi”. G
mtkicebas ar mohyveba praqtikuli argumentaciis sqema, radgan

momxsenebeli ZiriTadad warsulSi dawyebul proeqtebze, dafinansebasa
Tu sxvadasxva meqanizmze saubrobs imis dasadastureblad, rom
danapirebi Sesrulebadia da ekonomikuri gajansaRebis pirobebi qveyanaSi
arsebobs. opimisturi konteqstis farglebSi Cndeba kvlav reformis
koncepti – liberaluri ekonomikuri reforma, rogorc ekonomikuri
gajansaRebis meqanizmi. vfiqrob, rom garda ekonomikuri gajansaRebis
safuZvlebis aRwerisa, rasac aRniSnuli 1786 sityva emsaxureba, iqmneba
dadebiTi, optimisturi konteqsti, romlis centrSi impliciturad eqceva
reforma. msmenelSi / informaciis mimRebSi, ase vTqvaT, ileqeba xvadasxva
saxis reformis irgvliv gaJRerebuli konotacia. magaliTisTvis,
angariSis teqstis farglebSi Tematurad SegviZlia gamovyoT 516
sityvisagan Semdgari narativi, romelic srulad eTmoba ganaTlebis
reformis meore talRas (nawili: SeuZlebelia vilaparakoT Cveni qveynis
grZelvadian gajansaRebaze ... gaxsnili SesaZleblobebiT da
TviTrealizaciis didi aspareziT). saintereso is aris, rom reformaze
msjeloba amjerad, garkvulwilad, argumentaciulad aris warmodgenili.
naTlad aris Camoyalibebuli, mizani, mtkiceba da is saSualebebi, risi
68
meSveobiTac mizani miiRweva. vfiqrob, rom TiToeul am saSualebas
prezidenti Tanmimdevrulad ganmartavs. msjelobis midevneba ar aris
rTuli, damaxasiaTebelia zmnebis momaval droSi gamoyeneba. yvela
RonisZieba, rac aris CamoTvlili ukve dagegmilia da / an
ganxorcielebis procesSia. amitom aq ar mimdinareobs msjeloba da
gadawyvetilebis miReba imaze, Tu ra nabiji udna gadaidgas momavalSi, an
aris Tu ara am nabijebis gadadgma saWiro. Tumca is, rac ukve daigegma,
naTlad da damajereblad aris Camoyalibebuli. aRvniSneT, rom dasaxul
miznebs faseulobis saxiT ayarebs reformis meore talRa.
mizani: ,,Cven unda viyoT konkurentunariani, radgan bevri gvejibereba

mTel msoflioSi’’;
mtkiceba: daigegmeba da xorcieldeba iseTi iniciativebi, romelic

uzrunvelyofs zogadi ganaTlebis maRal xarisxs.
Means-Goal: saskolo atestatisaTvis gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis

miniWeba;
Means-Goal: maswavlebelTa sertificireba;
Means-Goal: skolis garemos usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa;
Means-Goal: Sexvedrebi prokuraturis, iuridiuli daxmarebis samsaxuris
da policiis warmomadgenlebTan;
Means-Goal: dadgenili standartebiT moswavleTa kvebis uzrunvelyofa;
Means-Goal: erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixedviT axali sagnebis
gaTvaliswineba;
Means-Goal: sportis gakveTilebis danergva; sportis sxvadasxva saxeobaSi
saskolo ligebis Seqmna;
Means-Goal: profesiuli ganaTlebis miRebis SesaZleblobis gazrda;
Means-Goal: saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi umciresobisaTvis saganmanaTleblo
dawesebulebebSi Casabareblad specialuri kvotebis daweseba;
2010 wlis 26 Tebervlis angariSSi saqarTvelos sagareo politikur
kursze saubars, tradiciulad, moxsenebis bolo nawili eTmoba
(monakveTi: magram mters hgonia, rom advilia Cveni gaTiSva da
daxleCa...magram iq CavdiodeT, rogorc Tavisufali vropelebi. 1282
sityva). monakveTi sainteresoa masSi impliciturad arsebuli
69
argumentaciuli msjelobis TvalsazrisiT. winamdebare kvlevis pirvel
nawilSi aRvniSneT, rom xSirad ZiriTadi mtkiceba Riad ar aris
gamoxatuli. aseT SemTxvevaSi daskvna konteqstidan gamomdinare
gamogvaqvs. vfiqrob, rom mocemuli monakveTis ZiriTadi mtkiceba aris is,
rom saqarTvelom unda ganagrZos Tavisi Zalisxmeva evrointegraciisa da
Crdiloatlantikur struqturebSi integrirebis kuTxiT. teqsti Seicavs
mowodebas: qarTvelma xalxma ,,ukve didi gakveTilebi miviReT da didi
codna davagroveT saimisod, rom uSecdomod mivxvdeT sad aris mteri da
sad aris moyvare”. iseve rogor 2009 wlis saparlamento angariSis
teqstSi, mocemul moxsenebaSic erTmaneTs upirispirdeba ori cneba:
mteri da sagareo kursi.
sityva „mteri“ (moxsenebis mocemul nawilSi 5 jer aris gamoyenebuli),

Tavdapirvelad dakonkretebis gareSea warmodgenili Semdegi leqsikuri
erTeulebis TanxlebiT: gaxleCva, gaTiSva, gabaibureba. mas axlavs
mniSvnelovani epiTeti: „erTmorwmune“. Ggamoyenebulia aluzia -
momxsenebels mohyavs magaliTi saqarTvelos istoriidan, romelic qveynis
rusifikaciis winaaRmdeg mebrZol sasuliero pirebs exeba. mocemul
narativSi ar aris Semdegi winadadeba gaJRerebuli: „ruseTi Cveni qveynis
mteria“. Tumca, vfiqrob, msmenelisTvis aRniSnuli azris iribad
miwodeba gacilebiT efeqtiani da damarwmunebelia:
„25 Tebervlis wlisTavTan erTad gvaxsovs, rom wels sruldeba 180

wlisTavi im Savi dRidan, rodesac daiWires da gadaasaxles gaenaTeli
da quTaTeli episkoposebi imitom, rom isini aprotestebdnen
saqarTvelos rusifikacias. dosiTeos quTaTeli gzaSi mokles wamebiT,
eqvTime gaenaTelma ki veRarasodes ixila samSoblo“.
msgavsi istoriuli warsulis moyvana, Cveulebriv, saqarTvelos

moqalaqeSi garkveul emocias unda aRZravdes. mtris cnebis
sawinaaRdegod warmodgenilia evrokavSirSi da Crdilo atlantikur
alizansSi gawevrianeba Semdegi leqsikuri erTeulebis TanxlebiT:
civilizeba, modernizeba, evropuli, demokratiuli faseulobebi.
msmenelSi myardeba Sexeduleba, rom mtris xati ukavSirdeba
aracivilizebul, arademokratiul, ganuviTarebel, CamorCenil qveyanas.
70
momxenebeli arCeuli politikuri kursis alternativis warmoCenisas (aq
igi iyenebs ritorikul xerxs) mimarTavs sabWoTa warsulis aluzias.
sabWoTa warsuli „ar aris Cveni arCevani”. migvaCnia, rom swored es
fraza aris daskvniTi monakveTis ZiriTadi argumentaciuli msjeloba.
aqve, am emociur fonze prezidenti axdens samxedro politikis
legitimacias:
„Cveni kursia kacobriobis civilizebuli da demokratiuli

faseulobebis dacva, iqneba es eraySi Tu avRaneTSi.“
maSasadame, saqarTvelos CarTva nato-s samxedro misiaSi

gamarTlebulia imiT, rom es aris „demokratiulobisaken,
keTildReobisaken da modernizaciisaken” mimavali erT-erTi saSualeba.
2011 wlis 11 Tebervals saqarTvelos yofili prezidenti mixeil

saakaSvili, tradiciulad, wliuri angariSiT warsdga qveynis umaRles
sakanonmdeblo organoSi. 6128 sityvisagan Semdgari teqstidan gvinda
yuradReba gavamaxviloT mxolod im nawilze, romelic eTmoba qveyanaSi
fasebis matebis problematur sakiTxs, radgan migvaCnia, rom praqtikuli
argumentaciis struqtura 2011 wels wardgenil angariSSi yvelaze metad
swored am nawilSi vlindeba („dRes Cveni xalxisTvis ar arsebobs arc
erTi sxva ufro mtkivneuli problema... Sesabamisad, Seqmnas axali
samuSao adgilebi. 2916 sityva). aRsaniSnavia, rom mocemul angariSSi
warmodgenil praqtikul arguments aqvs sxvebisagan gansxvavebuli
agebuleba: winamZRvrebad gamoyenebulia teqstSi gaJRerebuli momdevno
argumenti (romelsac, Tavis mxriv sakuTari winamZRvreba aqvs). iqmneba
ZiriTad mtkicebaze damokidebul msjelobaTa jaWvi: xdeba damatebiTi
Temebis CarTva. mimsaCnia, rom amgvari msjelobis aRqma aris rTuli da
igi aferxebs angariSSi gaTvaliswinebuli ZiriTadi saTqmelis gagebas.
rTuldeba teqstSi Semavali Temebis cxadad gansazRvra, maTi
mimdevrobisa da urTierTkavSiris dadgena.
71
vfiqrob, rom angariSis teqstis zemoT miTiTebuli monakveTis mixedviT,
momxseneblis mizans (Goal) warmoadgens qveynis mosaxleobis cxovrebis
gaumjobeseba, ,,maTi problemebis Semsubuqeba”. ZiriTadi mtkiceba (Claim)
ki Semdegia: gazrdili fasebis pirobebSi gamosavalis povna - „Cveni
valdebulebaa, rom am problemis (gazrdili fasebis) mosagvareblad
adgilobrivi gamosavali veZeboT.“ arsebuli mdgomareoba ki aseTia -
„bevri ojaxi sasowarkvTilia gazrdili fasebis gamo“. arsebuli
mdgomareobis aRwerisas momxsenebeli impliciturad axdens msmenelis/
Setyobinebis mimRebis damokidebulebis Camoyalibebas (attitude shaping).
erTis mxriv, igi gamoxatavs TanagrZnobas socialuri wris yvela fenis
mimarT, vinc mZime ekonomikurma mdgomareobam sasowarkveTamde miiyvana.
warmodgenilia sami abzaci, TiToeuli maTgani iwyeba fraziT: „erTi
wuTiT warmoidgineT...“ da aRwers dedebis, umuSevari mamebis, studentebis
rTul mdgomareobas. rTuli socialur-ekonomikuri viTarebis Sesaxeb
codnis gamovleniT momxsenebeli cdilobs, anugeSos msmeneli.
TanagrZnobis gamomxatveli abzacebis Semdeg ki adresanti axsenebs
fasebis matebis saerTaSoriso mizezebs da impliciturad ayalibebs
viTarebas imgvarad, rom SegviZlia Semdegi daskvnis gamotana: fasebis
zrdasTan dakavSirebuli yovelive sasowarkveTa mosalodneli da
bunebrivi procesi iyo saerTaSoriso viTarebis gaTvaliswinebiT. am
procesis SeCerebas saqarTvelos xelisufleba ver SeZlebda. abzacis
ritorikul efeqts aZlierebs gameoreba (,,erTi wuTiT warmoidgineT”) da
antonimuri sityvebis urTierTSepirispireba: saerTaSoriso mizezebiT
gamowveuli problemis gadasaWrelad adgilobrivi gamosavali.
Means-Goal /miznis misaRwevad saWiro saSualebebi: monetaruli
politikisa da fiskaluri RonisZiebis gatareba Semdgomi inflaciuri
procesebisagan dasacavad;
momxseneblis mier monetaruli politikisa da fiskaluri

RonisZiebis gatareba dasaxelebulia, rogorc dasaxuli miznis miRwevis
erT-erTi pirveli saSualeba. amasTan dakavSirebuli abzaci Seicavs 53
sityvas, mZime situaciidan gamosavlis Zieba metaforulad aris
gamoxatuli - „movaxerxoT navigacia fasebis zrdis gamo Seqmnili
72
turbulenturi zonidan“. mTavrobis mxridan gaweuli Zalisxmevis
xazgasmis mizniT, meordeba leqsikuri erTeulebi (gameoreba) - „yvela
saWiro.“ abzaci ar aRwers konkretul RonisZiebebs, igi Semoifargleba
zogadi gancxadebiT: masSi ar aris aRwerili Tu ra konkretuli
RonisZiebebi tardeba xelisuflebis mier. bundovania aseve, Tu ra
igulisxmeba ,,yvela saWiro monetartul da fiskalur RonisZiebaSi“.
Sedegad, SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom mocemuli Means-Goal srulad
emsaxureba ritorikuli efeqtis Seqmnas.
Means-Goal /miznis misaRwevad saWiro saSualebebi: eleqtro energiis

vauCeri, sasursaTo vauCeri;
winamorbedisagan gasxvavebiT, dasaxelebuli saSualebebi

konkretulia da informaciuli. abzaci Seicavs ganmartebas vauCerebis
daniSnulebis, Rirebulebisa da gamoyenebis wesis Sesaxeb. vnaxoT, Tu
rogoria warmodgenili praqtikuli argumentis pirveli nawilis sqema:
mtkiceba/ ra unda gavakeToT

davwioT saqarTveloSi gazrdili fasebi,
vebrZoloT fasebis zrdas
Mmizani: arsebuli mdgomareoba

„bevri ojaxi
Mqveynis
sasowarkvTilia“.
mosaxleobis
„es sasowarkveTa ar
cxovrebis
aris marto
gaumjobeseba,
saqarTveloSi -
ukeTesi xvalindeli msoflio ekonomikuri
dRe. krizisi mZvinvarebs“
Means-Goal: Means-Goal:
monetaruli eleqtroenergiis
politikisa da vauCeri,
fiskaluri
RonisZiebis gatareba sasursaTo vauCeri;
Semdgomi
inflaciuri
procesebisagan
dasacavad;
73
argumentis FSefaseba: praqtikuli argumentaciis konteqstSi miznis
miRwevis aucilebel da sakmaris pirobebze msjeloben izabela da norman
fearkloebi wignSi ,,politikuri diskursis analizi:”
,,Doing something that is necessary in view of a goal may not be sufficient to fulfill that
goal, but doing something that is sufficient in view of the goal may not really be necessary, if
other better or easier means are available” (Isabela Fairclough & Fairclough, 2012)
(mizanTan mimarTebaSi raime moqmedeba, romelic miiCneva, rogorc
aucilebeli moqmedeba, SesaZloa, sulac ar iyos sakmarisi dasaxuli
miznis misaRwevad. Aaseve, raime sakmarisi SesaZloa ar iyos aucilebeli
iseT SemTxvevaSi, Tu sxva ukeTesi saSualebebi xelmisawvdomia).
vnaxeT, rom ukeTesi xvalindeli dRis (mizani) misaRebad
gadasadgmeli nabiji gazrdil fasebTan brZolaa. momxseneblis mixedviT,
momavalSi sasurvel Sedegamde migviyvans 1) garkveuli monetaruli
politikisa da fiskaluri RonisZiebis gatareba da 2) vauCerebis
darigeba. ramdenad aucilebeli an sakmarisia dasaxelebuli RonisZiebebi
miznis misaRwevad? kritikuli diskursis analizis (CDA) farglebSi,
aRniSnul kiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad saWiroa dargis eqspertTa
Sexedulebis gaziareba. #1 Means-goal momxsenebels dakonkretebis gareSe
aqvs warmodgenili da masSi nagulisxmebi RonisSiebebis Sefaseba, cxadia,
ver moxerxdeba. miznis misaRwevad momxseneblis mier dasaxelebuli
saSualebis aucilebloba (da relevanturobac ki) dargis eqspertTa erTi
nawilis mier kiTxvis niSnis qveS dgeba.
winamdebare kvleva ar isaxavs miznad, daadginos adresantis mier
gaJRerebuli samomavlod gadasadgmeli nabijebis racionaluroba an
Sedegebi. Sesabamisad, zemoT warmodgenili argumentis sqemis Sefasebas
ar ganvavrcobT da gadavalT argumentaciuli msjelobis Semdeg
Semadgenel nawilze.
miznis misaRwevad saWiro momdevno saSualeba. msjelobaSi erTveba axali

Tema - adgilobrivi soflis meurneobis warmoebis ganviTareba. teqstis
es monakveTi sakmaod vrcelia (478 sityva) da Tavis mxriv, Seicavs
praqtikuli argumentis komponentebs.
74
mtkiceba / ra nabiji unda gadavdgaT/claim for action: unda ganvaviTaroT
adgilobrivi soflis meurneobis warmoeba.
arsebuli mdgomareoba: Cveulebisamebr, arsebuli mdgomareobis aRwerisas

momxsenebeli gamoxatavs codnas soflis meurneobaSi arsebuli
aradamakmayofilebeli viTarebis Sesaxeb. „mdgomareoba Cvens soflis
meurneobaSi mTlianobaSi Zalian aradamakmayofilebelia.“ amavdroulad,
mas mohyavs awmyos Sedareba 5 wlis winandel warsulTan. gvxvdeba
reprezentacia - saqarTvelo vardebis revoluciamde da axla: „5 wlis
winaT qarTuli soflis meurneoba mTlianad gacamtverebuli iyo. mas
Semdeg garkveuli progresi ganvicadeT”.
Means-Goal /miznis misaRwevad saWiro saSualebebi: marcvleulis

warmoebis intensifikaciis programa;
angariSis am nawilSi adresanti mimarTavs darwmunebis efeqtian

saSualebas - calkeul pirovnebaTa dasaxelebasa da maTi konkretuli
magaliTis moyvanas. vfiqrob, rom am gziT igi xazs usmevs Tavis interess
soflis meurneobis sferos mimarT, aCvenebs marcvleulis programis
Sesaxeb misi codnis maRal dones, sakiTxSi Caxedulobas. cdilobs,
msmenelSi meti rwmena danergos da am gziT komunikacia damajerebeli
gaxados.
argumentis zemoaRniSnuli struqtura grZeldeba da amjerad winamorbed

arguments (romelic Tavis mxriv zogadi miznis Sesrulebis erT-erTi
saSualebaa) winamZRvrebad gasdevs axali argumenti:
mtkiceba / ra nabiji unda gadavdgaT:

unda ganvaviTaroT adgilobrivi soflis meurneobis warmoeba
Mzogadi mizani: arsebuli mdgomareoba: Means-Goal:

qveynis mosaxleobis „mdgomareoba Cvens marcvleulis
cxovrebis soflis meurneobaSi warmoebis
gaumjobeseba, mTlianobaSi Zalian intensifikaciis
ukeTesi xvalindeli programa
aradamakmayofilebelia.“
dRe.
75
mtkiceba / ra nabiji unda gadavdgaT
(adgilobrivi soflis meurneobis warmoebis gazrdis mizniT)
„saxelmwifo, biznesTan partniorobis principiT ufro aqtiurad

(unda) CaerTos soflis meurneobis ganviTarebaSi“
Means-Goal: Means-Goal:
sasawyobe soflis meurneobis

meurneobebis Seqmna dafinansebis gazrda
msjeloba gazrdili fasebTan brZolis konteqstSi axali argumentiT

grZeldeba. kavSiri ZiriTad mowodebas (unda davwioT saqarTveloSi
gazrdili fasebi, unda vebrZoloT fasebis zrdas) da argumentis am
nawils Soris metaforulad aris warmodgenili ,,umuSevroba aris
mizezi, romelic aaTmagebs fasebis zrdis Sedegad miRebul tkivils”.
maSasadame, kvlav Cndeba axali Tema - umuSevrobis daZleva;
ra nabiji unda gadavdgaT: unda SevqmnaT samuSao adgilebi, unda

vebrZoloT umuSevrobas;
arsebuli viTareba: warmodgenilia emociuri narativi, kvlav gajerebuli

Zlieri gamomsaxvelobiTi enobrivi saSualebebiT, rogoricaa metafora:
„umuSevrobis welSi gatexva, umuSevroba aris is, rac klavs sicocxlis
xaliss da xvalindeli dRis imeds“. abzacs mosdevs dagegmili
RonisZiebebis CamonaTvali, romelic momavalSi Sesruldeba.
miznis misaRwevad saWiro saSualebebad ki dasaxelebulia

infrastruqturuli ganviTarebis proeqtebi kerZod, gzebisa da
sarkinigzo xazebis ganviTareba da gazifikacia.
Means-Goal/ miznis misaRwevad saWiro saSualeba: turizmisa da

energetikis sferos ganviTareba;
sainteresoa, rom turizmis mimarTulebiT ambiciur gegmebze

saubrisas momxsenebli asaxelebs msoflioSi cnobil gamocemas ,,niu
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iork Taimsi”, romelmac saqarTvelo msoflios meeqvse saukeTeso
turistulad mosanaxulebel qveynad daasaxela. aris, Tu ara es xerxi
Argumentum Ad Verecundiam – ganxilvis sagania. Ad Verecundiam msjelobis
dros avtoritetis Sexedulebis moSveliebas gulisxmobs, igi miiCneva
darwmunebis saSualebad, Tumca mainc argumentirebuli msjelobis
xarvezad, im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki moyvanili avtoriteti ar aris dargis
eqsperti. Qqristofer tindeili gvTavazobs, rom aseT SemTxvevaSi davsvaT
Semdegi kiTxvebi:
1) dasaxelebuli pirovneba an wyaro namdvilad avtoritetulia?

2) dasaxelebulma avtoritetma namdvilad gaakeTa argumentSi
moyvanili gancxadeba?
3) avtoritetuli piri da misi gancxadeba ganxilvis sagans
Seesabameba?
,,niu iork Taimsis” seqcia – mogzauroba mkiTxvels yovelwliurad

sTavaobs rCevas imis Sesaxeb, Tu msoflios romel nawils ewvios. 2011
wels gamoqveynebul, 41 qveynisagan Semdgar CamonaTvalSi saqarTvelo
rigiT meeqvse qveyanaa, romlis monaxulebis Sesaxebac avtori (kimerli
bredli) rCevas gascems. rekomendacia, ZiriTadad, moiazrebs saqarTvelos
samTo-saTxilamuro kurortebs. sainteresoa, rom avtori piradad
prezident saakaSvilis wvlils aRniSnavs saqarTveloSi saTxilamuro
kurortebis ganviTarebis saqmeSi. momxseneblis mxridan ,,niu iork
Taimsis” monacemebis moyvana ukavSirdeba mis mier gaJRerebul pirobas
turistebis raodenobis zrdasTan mimarTebaSi:
,,Cveni gegma ambiciuria, magram mas aucileblad SevasrulebT - 2015

wlisaTvis saqarTveloSi wliuri vizitorebis raodenoba ava 5 milionze
da am droisTvis Cveni qveyana turistebisTvis iqneba zamTris turizmis
erT-erTi msoflio centri. bevrisTvis SeiZleba es warmoudgenlad
JRerdes dRes, magram, damerwmuneT, 3 wlis winaT kidev ufro
warmoudgenli iyo is, rom "niu iork Taimsi" saqarTvelos msoflios
meeqvse saukeTeso turistulad mosanaxulebel qveynad daasaxelebda”.
Kkritikuli diskursis analizis (CDA) mixedviT, aucileblad

daismeba SekiTxva: aris Tu ara kavSiri am abzacis pirvel da meore
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nawilebs Soris - qmnis Tu ara "niu iork Taimsi"-s 2011 wlis
rekomendacia momxseneblis mier aRwerili ambiciuri gegmebi
ganxorcielebis arguments? SesaZloa, cnobili gamocema namdvilad iyos
avtoriteti, magram SegviZlia ki gamoqveynebuli statia ganvixiloT
winapirobad an erT-erT damadasturebel sabuTad imisa, rom
dasaxelebuli gegmebi ganxorcieldeba?
aRsaniSnavia, rom 2011 wlis saparlamento moxsenebaSi praqtikuli

argumentis Camoyalibebisas adresanti aRwers mZime socialur fons,
saubrobs sirTuleebze da maTi gaTvaliswinebiT (ase vTqvaT, maT
sapasuxod) aviTarebs optimistur mowodebebs. Mmsmenels / informaciis
mimRebs arwmunebs, rom ZiriTadi mizani – ukeTesi xvalindeli dRe –
realisturi da miRwevadia. amisTvis igi mimarTavs ara mxolod mdidar
leqsikur gamomsaxvelobiT saSualebebsa Tu tropebs, aramed yuradRebiT
arCevs gramatikul kateoriebs. magaliTisTvis, abzaci umuSevrobiT
gamowveuli mZime socialuri fonis Sesaxeb:
,,vxvdebi maT, visac profesia aqvT, magram ar aqvT Sesabamisi

samsaxuri da maTac, visTvisac xangrZlivma umuSevrobam ukve didi xania
azri daukarga erT dros miRebul profesiul codnas.”
umuSevrobis daZlevasTan dakavSirebuli abzaci: ,,2015 wlisTvis

saqarTveloSi aSenebuli iqneba 17 hesi saerTo jamSi 717 mgvt.
eleqtroenergiis warmoebiT,...xolo mSenebare mdgomareobaSi iqneba 13
axali hesi, jamSi 1007 mgvt. eleqtroenergiis warmoebis moculobiT. es
iqneba Cveni eleqtroenergiis warmoebis gaormageba. es aris miliardobiT
dolari Cveni ekonomikis ganmtkicebaSi da Cveni moqalaqeebis
dasaqmebaSi....”
SevajamoT Tu ra Temebs exeba momxsenebeli, rodesac wliur

angariSSi qveynis winaSe mimoixilavs gazrdili fasebis pirobebSi
gamosavalis povnis strategias:
1. monetaruli politikisa da fiskaluri RonisZiebis gatareba;
2. vauCerebi,
3. adgilobrivi soflis meurneobis ganviTareba;
78
4. marcvleulis warmoebis intensifikaciis programa;
5. saxelmwifosa da biznesis partnioroba;
6. sasawyobe meurneobebis Seqmna;
7. soflis meurneobis dafinansebis gazrda;
8. umuSevrobasTan brZola - turizmisa da energetikis sferos

ganviTareba;
CamonaTvali vrcelia da moicavs mraval sxvadasxva Temas: zogierT

SemTxvevaSi warmodgenilia konkretuli aqtivoba, magaliTisTvis,
sasursaTo vauCerebi, romlis Sesaxebac, vfiqrob, momxsenebeli sakmaris
informacias awvdis msmenels. xolo zogi ki – metad farTo
mimarTulebaa. magaliTisTvis, energetikis sferos ganviTareba an soflis
meurneobis sferos dafinansebis gazrda – ris Sesaxebac prezidenti
metad ganzogadebul, ritorikuli xerxebiT gajerebul msjelobas
warmoadgens.
sainteresod mimaCnia, davakvirde, Tu rogor aris warmodgenili

qveynis sagareo kursi 2011 wlis 11 Tebervlis angariSSi da ra saxiT
axdens momxsenebeli gatarebul reformaTa legitimacias. saqarTvelos
prezidenti qveynis sagareo kursze moxsenebis daskvniT nawilSi
saubrobs. igi saqarTvelos sagareo kurssa da erovnul usafrTxoebas
erTmaneTis ganuyofel nawilad miiCnevs. erTis mxriv, warmodgenilia
safrTxeebi, romelTa winaSec qveyanas ayenebs mteri: „saqarTvelos
damoukideblobasa da mTlianobas kvlav upirispirdeba Zlieri mteri“,
xolo meores mxriv prezidenti aJRerebs qveynis sagareo kurss: „ufro da
ufro Rrmavdeba Cveni strategiuli partnioroba amerikis SeerTebul
StatebTan da uryevia Cveni kursi evrokavSirisa da natosken“.
angariSis sityvas, vfiqrob, ZiriTad faseulobad gasdevs reforma.

is nabijebi da RonisZiebebi, rac qveyanaSi, momxseneblis SefasebiT,
warmatebiT ganviTarda da migviyvana „ufro civilizebul, ufro
progresul, ufro demokratiul saxelmwifomde“ swored reformebs
ukavSirdeba: gatarebul reformaTa da cvlilebaTa damsaxurebiT miviReT
awmyo dRevandeli saxiT. reformasTan mWidro kavSirSia warmodgenili
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kidev erTi reprezentacia - modernizacia (es ori cneba gadajaWvulia
mocemul teqstSi). momxsenebeli aRniSnavs:
„Cemi dRevandeli moxsenebis erTi sityviT dasaTaureba rom

momiwios, me swored am sityvas - modernizacias SevarCevdi“.
modernizaciaze saubriT momxsenebeli kvlav saqarTvelos sagareo

kurss emxianeba. misi mixedviT, modernizacia igivea, rac qveynis sagareo
kursis Sesaxeb arCevani.
teqstis finaluri nawili modernizaciaze, qveynis usafrTxoebis

gamowvevebsa da saqarTvelos sagareo kursis Sesaxeb aris emociuri,
gamomsaxvelobiTi leqsikuri erTeulebisagan Semdgari. awmyo, qveynis
politikuri mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT, aris metaforulad
warmodgenili - „Cveni sazogadoebis droisa da epoqasTan Sejibri“.
tradiciulad, momxsenebeli mimarTavs antiTeziss: erTis mxriv
warmodgenilia post-sabWoTa qveyana: klanuri, Temuri azrovneba,
qurduli gageba, korufcia; meores mxriv ki - evropuli, demokratiuli
saxelmwifo. „modernizacia niSnavs imas, rom Cveni moqalaqe iyos ufro
ganaTlebuli, ufro konkurentunariani, hqondes Tanamedrove codna da
Tavs grZnobdes saqarTvelos patriotad, magram, amave dros, msoflio
moqalaqed, kacobriobis medroSed; Tavisufal adamianad, visTvisac yvela
SesaZlebloba gaxsnilia da romelsac ar gaaCnia arasrulfasovnebis
kompleqsi.“
teqstSi reforma da modernizacia, savaraudod, mravali msmenelis

umniSvnelovanes RirebulebasTan - TavisuflebasTan aris gaTanabrebuli.
post-sabWoTa „naWuWSi Caketili“ sazogadoebis sapirispirod
warmodgenilia Tavisufali sazogadoeba. „Tavisufali azrovnebiT,
Tavisufali cxovrebis wesiT“. Aamis gaTvaliswinebiT, mimaCnia, rom 2011
wlis 11 Tebervlis moxseneba warmoadgens mcdelobas, moxdes
saqarTveloSi xelisuflebis mier gatarebuli da dagegmili
reformebis legitimacia. reformaTa Sesaxeb Camoyalibdes uaRresad
dadebiTi azri, es cneba ganixilebodes iseT cnebaTa Soris, rogoricaa
Tavisufleba da modernizacia.
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socialur da politikur terminTa leqsikoni - cnobari
legitimacias ase ganmartavs: „mmarTvelobis ama Tu im sistemis mier
SemoRebuli kanonierebis damkvidrebisa da aRsrulebis iseTi forma,
romelic misaRebia mocemuli qveynis moqalaqeTaTvis“ (gv. 146).
„legitimuroba - farTo azriT niSnavs socialuri wesrigis, moqmedebis,
moqmedi piris an xdomilebis aRiarebasa da gamarTlebas, ufro zustad
maTi kanonierebis rwmenas. xSirad mas upirispireben legalobas (mag., k.
Smidti), rogorc sakuTriv kanoniers, anu imas, rac gamoxatulia
iuridiuli normebiT (სოციალურ და პოლიტიკურ ტერმინთა ლექსიკონი-
ცნობარი, 2004)”.
saqarTvelos konstituciis Sesabamisad, 2012 wlis 28 Tebervals

qveynis prezidenti mixeil saakaSvili vrceli angariSiT warsdga
saqarTvelos parlamentis winaSe (angariSis teqsti Sedgeba 5280
sityvisgan). momxsenebeli msmenelis damokidebulebis Camoyalibebis,
gamyarebis an Secvlis mizniT mimarTavs sxvadasxva enobriv saSualebas.
maT Soris gamoirCeva antiTezisis, gameorebisa da metaforis xSiri
gamoyeneba, konceptualuri reprezentaciebis warmodgena. vfiqrob, rom
swored enobrivi saSualebebiT axerxebs momxsenebeli gadadgmuli
nabijebisa da qveynis arsebuli politikuri kursis legitimacias.
prezidentis sityva eTmoba qveynis mdgomareobis aRweras (2012 wlis
monacemebiT) da momavalSi gadasadgmeli nabijebis mimoxilvas. angariSis
teqsti Semdeg nawilebad davyaviT: misalmeba, I nawili - saqarTvelo 8
wlis win da axla, II nawili - 5 punqtiani gegma da daskvna.
misalmeba
damarwmunebel komunikacias momxsenebeli dasawyisSive,
misalmebidanve uzrunvelyofs. (misalmeba: „batono parlamentis
Tavmjdomarev...sakuTar samSoblos“ - 92 sityva). misalmebis nawili aris
emociurad datvirTuli, rasac gansazRvravs ramdenime faqtori:
winadadebaTa Tanmimdevroba, romelsac ZiriTad Setyobnebamde mivyavarT,
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gamomsaxvelobiTi leqsikuri arCevani da momxseneblis mier konteqstis
gaTvaliswineba:
„vesalmebi maT, vinc saqarTveloSia da maT, vinc saqarTvelos
sazRvrebs gareT imyofeba. gansakuTrebiT vesalmebi im vaJkacebs,
romlebic dedamiwis erT-erT yvelaze cxel wertilSi saqarTvelos
saxeliT icaven kacobriobisa da samSoblos interesebs“.
cnobilia, rom sazogadoebis winaSe sityviT gamosvlisas situaciis
gaTvaliswineba darwmunebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani pirobaa.
darwmunebaze saubrisas herbert saimonsi aRniSnavs, rom sanam
darwmunebas SevZlebT, unda SevafasoT arsbeuli viTareba da CvenTvis
sasurveli mdgomareoba. aseve, udna vifiqroT imaze, Tu vin aris Cveni
auditoria da ra aris misTvis mniSvnelovani. avtoris mixedviT,
momxseneblma sakuTar Tavs unda hkiTxos, ras moelis msmeneli misgan
mocmuli situaciis gaTvaliswinebiT, momxsenebeli unda iyos „situation
sensitive” (Simons et al., 2001)
saqarTvelo NATO-s samxedro operaciis, saerTaSoriso
usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofis Zalebis (ISAF) monawile qveyanaa. qveynis
Tavdacvis saministrom saqarTvelos samxedro mosamsaxureebi ISAF-is
misiaSi pirvelad 2004 wels gagzavna. Cveni sakvlevi teqsti saqarTvelos
parlamentSi gaJRerda 2012 wlis 28 Tebervals. swored 2012 wlis
Tebervlis bolos avRaneTSi aRniSnuli misiis Sesrulebisas
saqarTvelos sami samxedro mosamsaxure daiRupa. momxsenebelma Tavisi
sityvis pirvelive nawilSi asaxa sakuTari damokidebuleba aRniSnuli
tragediis mimarT. Seqmnili garemoeba gansazRvravda msmenelis
molodins, rom qveynis pirveli piri zemoaRniSnul Temas Tavis sityvaSi
garkveulwilad gamexmaureboda (momxseneblis mxridan sakiTxis
ugulvebelyofa gamoiwvevda msmenelis molodinis gacruebas).
sainteresoa, rom momxsenebelma sakiTxis gaJRerebisas gamoiyena
argumentis martivi sqema, rac ZiriTadi Setyobinebis msmenelamde mitanas
Sueferxeblad uzrunvelyofs:
mtkiceba (claim): ,,saqarTvelos saxeliT mebrZoli daRupuli
vaJkacebis saxelebi oqros asoebiT Caiwereba Cveni qveynis itoriis
furclebze“.
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am mtkicebis gamamyarebeli msjeloba/winamZRvreba:
„radgan TavianTi TavdadebiT isini icavdnen, aZlierebdnen Cvens
SeiaraRebul Zalebs da warmatebis perspeqtivas aZlevdnen sakuTar
samSoblos.“
teqsts mohyveba momxseneblis Txovna, wuTieri dumiliT daRupuli
gmirebisadmi pativiscemis gamoxatvis Sesaxeb.
vfiqrob, rom mocemul misalmebaSi asaxulia momxseneblis
politikur kursi saqarTvelos Crdiloatlantikur aliansTan
daaxloebis Sesaxeb. sajaro sityvis am nawiliT momxsenebeli aRniSnuli
kursis mimarT sazogadoebis dadebiT ganwyobas da rwmenas ayalibebs.
daRupuli mebrZolebis mimarT pativiscema aris damokidebuleba,
romelsac sazogadoeba srulad iziarebs. am damokidebulebis
gaziarebasTan erTad xdeba qarTveli mebrZolebis ISAF-is misiaSi
CarTulobisadmi loialuri damokidebulebis Camoyalibebac.
moxsenebis am sakmaod mcire nawilSi gvaqvs Zlieri
reprezentacia: qveynis warmatebis perspeqtiva, romelsac qarTveli
mebrZolebi aZleven sakuTar samSoblos. momxsenebeli maRali stiliT,
emociurad asrulebs misalmebas. msmeneli, udavod, iziarebs daRupuli
mebrZolebis mimarT pativis migebas da amasTan erTad iziarebs
impliciturad warmodgenil politikas: saqarTvelos ISAF-is misiaSi
monawileoba xels uwyobs qveynis Crdiloatlantikur aliansTan
daaxloebas, es ukanaskneli ki, Tavis mxriv, aris warmatebis perspeqtiva.
vfiqrob, rom momxeneblis misalmebaSi warmodgenili damarwmuebeli
komunikacia, kerZod - argumenti impliciturad emsaxureba
sazogadoebaSi saqarTvelos Crdiloatlantikur aliansTan daaxloebis
Sexedulebis ganmtkicebas.
nawili I – saqarTvelo 8 wlis win da axla

sityvis am nawilSi momxseneblis komunikaciis erT-erT mizans
warmoadgens msmenelis darwmuneba vardebis revoluciis Sedegad
miRebul progresSi da arebuli xelisuflebis demokartiulobaSi.
abzaci vardebis revoluciis Sesaxeb ar Seicavs CvenTvis saintereso
argumentaciul sqemebs. igi, ZiriTadad, gajerebulia stilisturi
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xerxebiT: antiTezisiT, epiTetebiT, metaforiT. Tuca, vfiqrob, rom
ZiriTadi enobrivi saSualeba, riTac momxsenebeli msmenelis
Sexedulebis Camoyalibebas cdilobs, aris antiTezisi:
„misi (vardebis revoluciis) mizani iyo, klanuri diqtatura
Segvecvala namdvili demokratiiTa da TanasworobiT, totaluri
korufcia Cagvenacvlebina kanonis uzenaesobiT, ufskrulSi gadaCexili,
arSemdgari qveyana dagvebrunebina ganviTarebis gzaze da, rac mTavaria,
rogorme gagvefanta uperspeqtivobis Savi Rrublebi da imedis sxivebiT
gagvenaTebina momavali“.
maSasadame, gvaqvs vardebis revoluciamdeli saqarTvelos suraTi:
diqtatura, korufcia, Savi Rrublebi, arSemdgari qveyana romelsac
upirispirdeba dRevandeli saqarTvelos aRwera: kanonis uzenaesoba,
demokratia, Tanasworoba.
GgamomsaxvelobiT simZafres aZlierebs Mmetaforuli epiTetebi:
“totaluri korufcia... ufskrulSi gadaCexili qveyana”.
cnobilia, rom saqarTvelos mosaxleobis protesti imJamindeli
prezidentis, eduard SevardnaZis mTavrobis mimarT, sxva mraval
faqtorTa Soris, gamoiwvia swored korufciam daA uTanasworobam.
Sazogadoebis ukmayofilebas mohyva „vardebis revolucia“ 2003 wlis 23
noemberს. warsulis kontrastuli warmodgena Zlieri metaforebiT
vfiqrob, kvlav emsaxureba msmenelis damokidebulebis gamyarebas
(Response reinforcing). momxsenebeli (araerTxel) miuTiTebs imis Sesaxeb,
rom kargad aqvs gaazrebuli angariSvaldebulebis mniSvneloba sakuTari
xalxisa da qveynis winaSe:
„Cveni demokratiisa da winsvlisaTvis sasicocxlod
mniSvnelovania, rom Tqven mudmivad moiTxovoT pasuxi xalxisTvis
micemuli yvela dapirebis Sesrulebaze“.
gancxadebas mohyveba mis mier vrclad warmodgenili danapirebis
Sedegebi. CvenTvis sainteresoa, davakvirdeT winamdebare angariSSi
warmodgenil msjelobas, momxseneblis mier gamoyenebul sqemebs da
msmenelis / informaciis mimRebis darwmunebis sxvadasxva lingvistur
saSualebebs. SevecdebiT, rom angariSis pirvel nawilSi gamovarCioT
praqtikuli argumenti, Tavisi Semadgeneli nawilebiT: ZiriTadi
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mtkicebiT, mizniT, arsebuli mdgomareobis asaxviT, miznis ukan mdgomi
faseulobebiT da dasaxuli miznis Sesrulebis pirobebiT (Means- Goal).
argumenti #1
(teqsti: „amis miuxedavad, dRes, ise rogorc arasodes .... rom saqarTvelo
isev win midis. 438 sityva, angariSis pirveli nawili).
mtkiceba - sityvis am nawilis ZiriTadi Setyobinebaa, rom saqarTvelo
isev iwyebs winsvlas. sainteresoa, rom am gancxadebas win uswrebs misi
vrceli perefrazi - maRalmxatvruli stiliTa da metad
gamomsaxvelobiTi leqsikuri erTeulebisagan Semdgari abzaci. igi met
emociur datvirTvas aZlevs momxseneblis ZiriTad mtkicebas (claim).
„dRes, ise rogorc arasodes ukanaskneli aswleulebis
ganmavlobaSi, vgrZnobT, rom yinuli daiZra, rom navsi tydeba. ra Tqma
unda, jer ar mivsulvarT iq, sadac gvinda yofna, magram Cven yvelam
erTad SevqmeniT momenti didxans nanatri SesaZleblobisa, romelic axla
yvelam erTad unda gamoviyenoT.”
mizani: momxsenebli ar ayalibebs konkretul mizans da warmoadgens

nanatri momavlis Sesaxeb zogad xedvas, rom yvelas gvinda “misvla iq,
sadac gvinda yofna”.
arsebuli mdgomareobis asaxva: momxseneblis mixedviT, awmyo aris
optimisturad warmodgenili. aRsaniSnavia, rom awmyos aRweris dros igi
kvlav imeorebs argumentis ZriTad mticebas (mogvianebiT visaubrebT aseT
movlenaze). asaxulia qveynis progresi da aRiareba saerTaSoriso doneze:
„Cven mivipyariT msoflios yuradReba - rogorc planetis erT-erTma
saukeTeso qveyanam biznesis keTebis simartiviT da ubralod
dasasveneblad Camosasvlelad. gasuli ori wlis ganmavlobaSi 100 aTasze
meti axali biznesi daregistrirda saqarTveloSi, vizitorebis
raodenobam ki 3 milions miaRwia - es yvelaferi niSnavs ufro met biznes
SesaZleblobebs Cveni xalxisTvis da ra Tqma unda, met samuSao adgils“.
awmyos damadasturebeli msjeloba/ narativi #1: naTqvamis gamyareba
xdeba statistikuri monacemebis moyvaniT, kvlav warsulTan
Sepirisipirebis gziT:
85
„gasul wels igi TiTqmis 7 procentiT gaizarda, rac, udavod,
sasurvelze naklebia, magram ufro metia, vidre mTeli dasavleTis
qveynebSi da Cveni regionis umetesobaSi, aseve orjer meti vidre
ruseTSi...“
sainteresod mimaCnia, yuradRebis gamaxvileba teqstSi warmodgenil
momdevno reprezentaciaze: pasuxismgebloba/
angariSvaldebuleba/Sesrulebuli danapirebi. momxsenebeli araerTxel
miuTiTebs, rom grZnobs udides pasuxismgeblobas sazogadoebis winaSe.
magaliTisTvis, sityvis dasawyisSi igi aRniSnavs, rom „kidev erTxel“
warsdga auditoriis winaSe da „Caabara angariSi“ sazogadoebas. am
gziT igi msmenels arwmunebs, rom aris mis samsaxurSi: araerTxel
„Caubarebia“ (da ara, magaliTad, warudgenia) angariSi. momxseneblis
pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba gamosaxulia mis mier Tanmimdevrulad
gaJRerebul danapirebTa SesrulebaSi.
warmodgenili mdgomareobis damadasturebeli msjeloba/ narativi #2
2012 wlis saangariSo teqstis momdevno nawilSi (rodesac SarSan am
tribunidan mogmarTeT... ufro farTo masStabiT xorcieldeba. 274 sityva)
punqtobrivad aris warmodgenili wina wlis angariSis dapirebebi da
mocemuli droisTvis arsebuli Sedegebi. teqstis es nawili aris metad
dinamiuri (aq momxsenebeli aRar mimarTavs maxalmxatvrul stilsa)
sWarbobs progresis, ganviTarebis, Senebis, amoqmedebebis, dapirebis
gamomxatveli leqsikuri erTeulebi. STambeWdavad aris gamoyenebuli
darwmunebis strategia - gameoreba: sami abzaci iwyeba fraziT „SarSan me
dagpirdiT, rom“. winadadebebs aqvT met-naklebad msgavsi sintaqsuri
agebuleba. magaliTad:
„SarSan me dagpirdiT, rom 2015 wlisaTvis saqarTvelos soflis
meurneobis produqcias gavaormagebdiT. dRevandeli monacemebiT soflis
meurneobis seqtori ukve daaxloebiT 35 procentiT aris gazrdili.
SarSan me dagpirdiT, rom 2015 wlisaTvis Cveni mosaxleobis 70
procentze meti iqneba gazificirebuli. dReisaTvis es maCvenebeli 55
procentia...“
teqstis am nawilSi warmodgenilia sxvadasxva saxis maCveneblebi,
cifrebi, procentuli monacemebi. aRniSnuli statistika, momxseneblis
86
xedviT, gaamyarebs gaJRerebul gancxadebebs. igi am gziT cdilobs
msmenelis ndobis mopovebas, rac ritorikis TvalsazrisiT, darwmunebis
erT-erTi upirvelesi winapirobaa. msjeloba ar exeba momavalSi
gadasadgmel nabijebs da Sesabamisad, praqtikuli argumentaciisaTvis
damaxasiaTebel diskusias momavalSi gadasadgmeli nabijebis Sesaxeb ar
Seicavs. igi ufro metad ukavSirdeba warsulSi gadadgmul nabijebs da
arsebuli xelisuflebis qveynis saTaveSi yofnis legitimacias.
momxseneblis mixedviT, vardebis revolucias da axali xelisuflebis
saTaveSi mosvlas mohyva progsesi, dinamika, axali Rirebulebebi.
sityvaSi faqtobrivad ar aris alternatiuli xedva, kontr-argumenti,
gansxvavebuli Sexeduleba warmodgenili. igi calsaxad amtkicebs
vardebis revoluciis Semdg arsebuli xelisuflebis demokratiulobas,
qveynis ekonomikur zrdasa da swraf, dinamiur progress.
vfiqrob, rom damarwmunebeli efeqtis misaRwevad mocemul
monakveTSi momxsenebeli aqtiurad mimarTavs enobriv saSualebebs:
saguldagulod SerCeuli sintaqsuri struqturiTa da leqsikuri
erTeulebiT, hiperboliT, metaforebiT, SepirispirebiT, gameorebiT
cdilobs, danergos progresisa da warmatebuli garemos rwmena
msmenelSi. magaliTad, warmodgenili zmnebi awmyo droSi, usruli aspeqti
met dinamiurobas qmnis: navsi tydeba, saqarTvelo iwyebs winsvlas,
ekonomika ukve stabilurad ikrebs Zalasa da siswrafes; momxsenebeli
xSirad mimarTavs gazviadebas: ,,ise, rogorc arasodes ukanaskneli
aswleulebis ganmavlobaSi”, ,,Cven mivipyariT msoflios yuradReba”,
,,planetis erT-erTma saukeTeso qveyanam”;
saiteresoa, rom 438 sityvisagan Semdgar monakveTSi arsebuli
mdgomareobis amsaxveli uaryofiTi konotaciis Semcveli frazebi
Semoifargleba SemdegiT:
„miuxedavad bevri problemisa, Tundac bolo dros sawvavze fasebis
mkveTri zrdisa..“ alternatiuli mosazrebebi srulad aris
ugulvebelyofili.
87
nawili II – xuT punqtiani gegma
(momxsenebeli sityvis am nawilSi punqtobrivad ayalibebs prioritetebs:
dasaqmeba, soflis meurneoba, jandacva, politikuri da samoqalaqo
warmateba, qveynis usafrTxoeba).
punqti #1 dasaqmeba (angariSis teqsti: „magram faqtia, rom uamravi Cveni
Tanamoqalaqe... - es aris Cveni reformebis mizanic“. 1463 sityva).
monakveTi Seicavs yvelaze met sityvas – vfiqrob, rom dasaqmebis Temaze
qveynis pirveli piri yvelaze metad amaxvilebs yuradRebas. igi erTis
mxriv, saubrobs im mosaxleobis saxeliT, vinc yoveldRiurad ekonomikur
siduxWires da uamrav socialur problemas awydeba. meores mxriv
sakiTxis ganixilva kvlav progresTan da Zalzed warmatebuli qveynis
konceptTan SepirispirebiT xdeba. analogiuri strategiaa gamoyenebuli
2011 wlis saparlamento angariSSi, sadac adresanti emociurad aRwers
mZime socialur fons da argumentis formiT aviTarebs aRwerili
socialuri problemis sapasuxo, optimistur msjelobas. 2012 wlis
angariSis Cvens mier pirobiTad dayofili teqstis meore nawilSi, sanam
gamoikveTeba argumentis mTavari mtkiceba, mocemuli gvaqvs vrceli
narativi, sadac xSirad metad cxadad da zogjer ki iribad meordeba
sityvis pirvel nawilSi gaJRerebuli mtkiceba: ,,saqarTvelo isev iwyebs
winsvlas”. gaJRerebulia oTxi struqturulad identuri abzaci,
magaliTisTvis:
„dRes Cven gvyavs aTobiT aTasi Sromisunariani, ganaTlebuli
moqalaqe, romlsac unda muSaoba, magram ver axerxebs samuSaos povnas da
samarTlianad svams kiTxvas: raSi margia qveynis ekonomikuri zrdis
procentebi da mimzidveli biznesgaremo Tu piradad CemTvis mainc ar
moiZebneba samsaxuri?“
momxsenebeli gamoxatavs, rom misTvis ar aris ucnobi aRniSnuli
socialuri problema, amis dasamtkiceblad igi swored im SekiTxvas
svams, romelsac umuSevrobiT Sewuxebuli adamiani dasvamda, magram
SekiTxva imgvarad aris Camoyalibebuli, rom igi (iribad) kvlav
emsaxureba msmenelis Sexedulebis (damokidebulebis) Camoyalibebas
(attitude shaping): qveyanas aqvs ekonomikuri zrda, romelic asaxulia
procentebSi, qveyanaSi aris mimzidveli garemo saqmianobisaTvis.
88
cnobilia, rom Sexedulebis Camoyalibeba amgvari enobrivi saSualebebiT,
presupoziciiT Zalian Zlieria da SesaZloa, ufro metad efeqtiani iyos,
vidre pirdapir raime mticebis gaJRereba. amave narativSi ikveTeba
samarTlianobis reprezentaciac. socialur problemebze mosaxleobis
saxeliT SekiTxvebis dasma, umuSevrobisa da gaWirvebis aRiareba
miuTiTebs imaze, rom momxsenebeli cdilobs, mdgomareoba samarTlianad
Seafasos. amasTan, igi aRniSnavs: „TiToeuli maTgani (mosaxleoba)
sruliad samarTlianad svams aseT SekiTxvebs da me yvela am adamianis
mesmis.“ Semdgom warmodgenilia kidev erTi presupozicia:
“maTi mdgomareoba xazs usvams Cvens umTavres movaleobas -
vizrunoT ara marto qveynis ganviTarebaze aramed imaze, rom
gafarTovdes am ganviTarebiT mosargeble moqalaqeebis wre“.
msgavsi struqturuli agebulebisaa momdevno ori abzaci. vnaxeT,
rom momxsenebeli sintaqsuri agebulebisa da leqsikuri erTeulebis
gameorebas xSirad mimarTavs. vfiqrob, amiT cdilobs, xeli Seuwyos
msmenelis / informaciis mimRebis gonebaSi garkveuli Sexedulebis
gaziarebas da damaxsovrebas.
sainteresoad migvaCnia, gavaanalizoT sityvis momdevno Semdeg
nawilSi warmodgenili praqtikuli argumenti.
zogadi mtkiceba (General claim)/ra nabiji unda gadaidgas: „Cven unda
SevqmnaT ara marto ufro mdidari qveyana, aramed ufro farTo wre
xalxisa, vinc qveynis simdidriT ixeirebs, ufro farTo wre
ganviTarebuli soflebisa, ufro farTo wre jandacvis
xelmisawvdomobisa, ufro farTo wre samoqalaqo CarTulobisa da ufro
farTo wre optimizmisa da warmatebisa“.
abzaci Seicavs presupozicias, romelic iqmneba leqsikuri
erTeuliT - ufro. SedarebiTi xarisxi miuTiTebs, rom saxeze aris
mdidari qveyana, xalxi, vinc simdidriT ukve xeirobs, ganviTarebuli
soflebi da meores mxriv - saWiroeba yovelive amis gafarToebisa.
komunikaciis damarwmunebel efeqts zrdis gameoreba. (sainteresoa, rom
dasaqmebasTan dakavSirebul nawilSi sityva „ufro“ 26-jer aris
gamoyenebuli).
89
mizani: „im adamianebis dasaqmeba, romelTac dRes SeuZliaT da undaT
muSaoba, magram ver axerxeben stabiluri samsaxuris povnas“.
mogvianebiT moxsenebeli warmogvidgens miznis ufro maRalmxatvrul
perefrazs:
„mizani martivia - Cven gvinda, rom Cvens Svilebs Cvenze ukeTesi
cxovreba hqondeT, ufro daculi da ufro warmatebuli, rom maT hqondeT
ufro meti SesaZlebloba da ukeTesad SeeZloT am SesaZleblobebis
gamoyeneba; rom maTi codna da mondomeba ufro metad fasdebodas da
iolad Soulobdnen damsaxurebisa da codnis mixedviT sasurvel
samsaxurs“.
(3.6 qveTavSi aRvniSneT, rom swored ukeTesi momavali aris 2011
wlis praqtikuli argumentaciuli msjelobis mizani: ,,Cemi prezidentoba
eZRvneba maTi (qveynis mosaxleobis) cxovrebis gaumjobesebas, maTi
problemebis Semsubuqebas, maTi ojaxebis da Svilebis ukeTes xvalindel
dRes).
arsebuli viTareba: kvlav saxezea winsvlis procesi, Cven axal
saqarTvelos vaSenebT. warmodgenilia imedis momcemi, optimisturi
narativi, romelSic sWarbobs winsvlis, swrafi tempis, zrdis
gamomxatveli leqsikuri erTeulebi. moyvanilia STambeWdavi
statistikuri monacemebi, xazgasmulia turistTa raodenobis matebasa da
dasaqmebis gazrdis perspeqtivebTan pirdapiri kavSiri:
„faqtia, rom yoveli morigi milioni turisti 15 aTas axal samuSao
adgils qmnis Cvens qveyanaSi“.
momdevno teqstis mixedviT, turistTa raodenobis zrda kvlav dRis
wesrigSia. dasaxulia mravali samuSao adgilis Seqmnis perspeqtiva.
amasTan, aRniSnulia moqalaqeTa konkurentunarianobis amaRlebis
aucileblobis Sesaxeb:
„samuSao adgilis Seqmna yovelTvis ar niSnavs adamianis dasaqmebas.
xSiria SemTxveva, rodesac esa Tu is samuSao adgili xelmisawvdomia
adamianisTvis, magram igi ver axerxebs vakansiis Sevsebas, radgan ar
gaaCnia saTanado kvalifikacia. amis gamo zogjer saqarTvelos moqalaqe
sakuTar qveyanaSic ki ver axerxebs, ucxoelisTvis konkurenciis gawevas“.
90
konkretuli mtkiceba/ra nabiji unda gadaidgas: unda avimaRloT
kvalifikacia.
konkretuli mtkicebaSi momxsenebeli saubrobs im nabijebze, rac unda
gadaidgas miznis misaRwevad. teqstis es nawili (aseT dros erTaderTi
gamosavalia...didi moTxovnaa bazarze. 62 sityva) gamoirCeva Tavisi
damrigeblobiTi da wamaxalisebeli tendenciiT. tradiciisamebr, gvxvdeba
gameoreba (Cven TviTon), gazviadeba (erTadeTi gamosavali), mowodeba
(viyoT ufro magari mSeneblebi, unda gvesmodes). sainteresoa, rom aqve
JRerdeba rCeva aramxolod kvalifikaciis amaRlebis, aramed axali saqmis
dauflebis Sesaxeb.
miznis Sesrulebis piroba (Means goal) - sazogadoebis mxridan:
kvalifikaciis amaRlebaze zrunva. saxelmwifos mxridan: profesiuli
gadamzadebis sistemis reformis ganxorcieleba; ,,profesiuli
gadamzadebisa da profesiuli orientaciis” programis ganxorcieleba,
studentebis dasaqmebis erTTviani programis ganxorcieleba.
momxsenebeli aRniSnavs, rom miznis misaRwevad zemoaRniSnuli nabiji ar
iqneba sakmarisi da aqve ayalibebs Semdeg mtkicebas: unda ganvaviTaroT
ganaTlebis sistema. mtkicebas mohyveba misi ganxorcielebis saSualeba
(Means goal): skolebis mSenebloba-garemonteba, maTi saerTaSriso
standartebTan miaxloveba. igi gamyarebulia narativiT. eqvsi abzacisgan
Semdgari teqstis yoveli abzaci iwyeba sityviT “amitom”, rac bunebrivia,
teqsts emociur elfers hmatebs. vfiqrob, rogorc aRniSnuli gameorebiT
da aseve, konkretuli cifrebis warmodgeniT (rogoricaa magaliTad, 23
axali skola, 11 aTasi axali kompiuteri, 7 moswavleze erTi kompiuteri)
momxsenebeli cdilobs, daarwmunos msmeneli, rom ganaTlebis sistemis
ganviTarebas xelisufleba SeZlebs. sainteresoa, rom am argumentSic
faseulobad gvevlineba reforma.
91
zemoT warmodgenili praqtikuli argumentis sqema:
zogadi mtkiceba (General claim for action):

unda SevqmnaT ufro farTo wre xalxisa, vinc qveynis simdidriT
ixeirebs.
konkretuli mtkiceba / ra konkretuli mtkiceba / ra

nabiji unda gadaidgas #1 nabiji unda gadaidgas #2
unda avimaRloT kvalifikacia unda ganvaviTaroT
ganaTlebis sistema
mizani - im adamianebis Aarsebuli mdgomareoba

dasaqmeba, romelTac dRes
SeuZliaT da undaT muSaoba, saxezea winsvlis procesi,
magram ver axerxeben Cven axal saqarTvelos
stabiluri samsaxuris povnas. vaSenebT
miznis Sesrulebis saSualeba Mmiznis Sesrulebis

#1 (Means goal) saSualeba #2 (Means goal)
profesiuli gadamzadebis skolebis mSenebloba –
sistemis reforma, garemonteba
“profesiuli gadamzadebisa da
skolebis saerTaSoriso
profesiuli orientaciis”
standartebTan miaxloveba
programa, studentebis
dasaqmebis erTTviani programa
Rirebuleba/ Value:
reforma
es sqema namdvilad aris praqtikuli argumentis Semadgenlobis.

marTalia, masSi ar aris asaxuli gansxvavebuli msjeloba, raime saxis
kontr-argumenti gaTvaliswinebuli da gansxvavebuli mosazrebaze
pasuxis gacemuli, magram mas praqtikuli argumentis ZiriTadi nawilebi
aqvs. kritikuli diskursis analizis (CDA) mkvlevari mocemul praqtikul
msjelobas aucileblad dausvams Semdeg kiTxvebs: dasaxul miznebs
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namdvilad mivyavarT im mtkicebamde (Claim), romelic msjelobis dros
momxsenebelma gaaJRera? miznis misaRwevad msjelobis dros
gansazRvruli nabijebis gadadgma namdvilad aucilebelia?
moqalaqeTaDkvalifikaciis amaRleba da ganaTlebis sistemis ganviTareba
aris aucilebeli, yvelaze prioritetuli nabiji umuSevrobis
dasaZlevad? SesaZloa, aRniSnuli nabijebi iyos mniSvnelovani faqtori
Sromisunariani mosaxleobis dasasaqmeblad, magram ar iyos sakmarisi an
yvelaze prioritetuli. kritikuli diskursis analizis (CDA) farglebSi
sqemaze gamosaxul TiToeul nawils daesmeba kiTxvebi. ganixileba maTi
urTierTkavSiris gonivruloba. Sefasdeba, isic, aris Tu ara arsebuli
mdgomareoba warmodgenili obieqturad momxseneblis mier.
punqti #2 soflis meurneoba

(angariSis teqstis nawili: „Cveni gegmis meore mniSvnelovani
elementia...fermeris ukeTesi cxovrebisTvis“. 370 sityva)
angariSis teqstis mocemul nawilSi warmodgenil msjelobas aqvs
mkafio struqtura: mizani da sami mtkiceba imis Sesaxeb Tu ra
RonisZiebis gatarebaa saWiro miznis misaRwevad (Claim for action). samive
mtkicebas axlavs sakuTari e.w. Means Goal. pirveli punqtisagan
gansxvavebiT, momxsenebeli ar saubrobs am dargSi arsebul mimdinare
viTarebaze, ar aRwers, Tu ra mdgomareobaa sityvis warmoTqmis dros an
ra RonisZiebebi gatarebula warsulSi soflis meurneobis mimaTulebiT.
msjeloba viTardeba mxolod momavali drois gamoyenebiT. yoveli Means
Goal iwyeba sityviT „amitom“ (enobrivi saSualeba, romelsac momxsenebeli
xSirad mimarTavs) da iqmneba jaWvi mtkicebebsa da Means Goal-ebs Soris.
Sedegad, teqsti xdeba metad Tanmimdevruli da dinamiuri da vfiqrob,
swored am gziT cdilobs momxsenebeli damarwmunebeli komunikaciis
Seqmnas angariSis am nawilSi. mocemulia momavalSi RonisZiebTa
Sesrulebis vadebi da masStabebi.
mizani: soflis meurneobis sistemis Seqmna, „romelic yvela
Sromismoyvare soflis meurnes saSualebas miscems sakuTar ojaxSi,
sakuTar karmidamoSi igrZnos qveynis winsvla“.
93
mtkicebebs aerTianebT erTi ZiriTadi, zogadi mtkiceba/ mowodeba
moqmedebisken: unda gavafarTovoT warmatebul fermerTa wre. miznisa da
ZriTadi mtkicebis gaJRerebisas gamoyenebulia presupozicia: qveyanaSi
ukve arsebobs warmatebul fermerTa garkveuli wre. saWiroa am wris
gafarToveba. qveyana midis win. saWiroa, rom yvela Sromismoyvare
soflis meurnem igrZnos es.
mtkiceba (Claim for action) # 1: saWiroa miwis damuSaveba da morwyva;
Means Goal #1: „amitom dRes vacxadeb saqarTvelos erTiani sairigacio
sistemis ganviTarebis programas“.
mtkiceba (Claim for action) #2: saWiroa meqanizacia (radgan dRevandeli
monacemebiT masStabebi arasakmarisia).
Means Goal # 2.1 „amitom 2012 wels gaixsneba meqanizaciis 12 centri“
Means Goal # 2.2 „amitom uaxloesi 3 kviris ganmavlobaSi Cven SeviZenT 250
axal traqtorsa da 400 misabmel agregats“;
Means Goal # 2.3 amitom am wlis 1 ivnisamde meqnizaciis yvela centri
jamSi aRWurvili iqneba 563 erTeuli traqtoriT, 50 erTeuli kombainiT,
22 erTeuli specteqnikiT da 1470 erTeuli guTaniTa da traqtorze
misabmeli sxva teqnikiT - rac mTavaria es yvelaferi romelic advilad
xelmisawvdomi iqneba dainteresebuli fermerebisaTvis - iseve, rogorc
xelmisawvdomi iqneba meqanizatorebis konsultaciebi da daxmareba;
vxedavT, rom zemoaRniSnul mtkicebas / mowodebas imis Sesaxeb, rom
warmatebuli soflis meurneobis sistemis Sesaqmnelad pirvel rigSi
saWiroa miwis morwyva da meqanizacia, mohyveba miRebuli
gadawyvetilebebis CamonaTvali: gasarwyavdeba, moxdeba reabilitacia,
SeviZenT, aRWurvili iqneba. aseve mravlad aris warmodgenili cifrebi.
msgavsi struqturisaa momdevno abzacebiც.
mtkiceba #3: saWiroa soflis meurneobisTvis saWiro Tanamedrove
codnis daufleba.
Means Goal #3.1: amitom 6 meqanizaciis centrs aseve mieniWeba
mosavlianobis centrebis funqcia. am centrebSi nebismieri fermeri
SeZlebs miiRos meqanizatoris konsultacia da daxmareba. M
94
warmodgenili praqtikuli argumentis sqema, punqti #2 soflis meurneoba
ZiriTadi mtkiceba / ra unda gakeTdes

gafarTovdes warmatebul fermerTa wre
Mmizani: soflis mtkiceba / ra unda Means Goal

meurneobis sistemis gakeTdes: vacxadeb
moirwyas miwa sairigacio sistemis
Seqmna, ,,romelic ganviTarebis
yvela Sromismoyvare programas
soflis meurnes
saSualebas miscems
mtkiceba / ra unda Means Goal
sakuTar ojaxSi, gakeTdes: „2012 wels gaixsneba
sakuTar karmidamoSi moxdes meqanizacia
meqanizaciis 12
SeigrZnos qveynis centri
winsvla” SeviZenT 250 axal
traqtorsa da 400
Rirebuleba: mtkiceba / ra unda
socialuri gakeTdes: misabmel agregats
Tanasworoba daveufloT codnas Meqanizaciis yvela
centri aRiWurveba
Means Goal
6 meqanizaciis
centrs mieniWeba
mosavlianobis
centrebis funqcia
punqti #3 jandacva
(angariSis teqstis monakveTi: “Cveni gegmis mesame elementi aris
jandacva...samarTaldamcavTaTvis prioritetad darCeba“. 1137 sityva)
teqstis mocemuli nawili gamoirCeva TariRebisa da moyvanili cifrebis
simravliT, zmnebis momaval droSi, sruli aspeqtis gamoyenebiT.
sainteresoa, rom am punqtis mtkiceba imgvarad aris warmodgenili, rom
mizani nawilobriv Sesrulebulia, meore nawilis Sesruleba ukve
dagegmilia. gamoyenebuli zmnis formebi, sruli aspeqti: gakeTdeba,
anazRaurdeba, SeeZleba, vfiqrob momxseneblis Tavdajerebulobas
95
ukavSirdeba. damajereblobisaTvis sWarbobs gazviadeba: „namdvili
garRveva saqarTvelos jandacvis sistemaSi“, „axali aTvlis wertili, da
es iqneba didi gardatexa asobiT aTasi ojaxis cxovrebaSi“.
mizani: „umTavresi amocana axla is aris, rom gaizardos im adamianTa
ricxvi, visTvisac jandacva xelmisawvdomia.“
arsebuli mdgomareobis aRwera: warmodgenilia vrceli narativi,
romelic asaxavs axlo warsulSi miRweul Sedegebs da samomavlod
dagegmili RonisZiebebis mzardi tempis SenarCunebas (maSasadame,
ZiriTadad, saubaria axlo warsulsa da dagegmil momavalze). vfiqrob,
ZiriTadi winadadebaa: “saqarTveloSi Sendeba Tanamedrove, evropuli
donis jandacva.”
mtkiceba #1: unda gaizardos dazRveuli moqalaqeebis raodenoba
teqstis mixedviT, imisaTvis rom moxdes jandacvis xelmisawvdomobis
uzrunvelyofa, saWiroa, rom gaizardos dazRveuli moqalaqeebis
raodenoba. am ukanasknelis Sesrulebis pirobad momxsenebeli miiCnevs
pensionerTa da mcirewlovan bavSvTa dazRvevas. warmoTqmuli teqstis
struqtura iseTia, rom igi ar aris Ria ganxilvisa da diskusiisadmi,
vinaidan gadasadgmeli nabijebi ukve identificirebulia da maTi
Sesruleba ukve dawyebulia. magaliTad, Tu davakvirdebiT teqstis
pensionrebTan dakavSirebul monakveTs, vnaxavT, rom pirveli nawili
aRwers pensionerTa mZme socialur mdgomareobas da problemebs,
romlTac isini dazRvevis kuTxiT awydebian, xolo meore nawili
warmoadgens pirvel nawilSi gaJRerebuli problemis gadawyvetas. igi
iwyeba sityviT „amitom“, warmodgenilia mimReobis formebi da zmnis
sruli aspeqti. sxvagvarad rom vTvaT, nabijebi dagegmilia da maTi
ganxorcieleba upiroboa:
„amitom, Cven gavakeTeT yvelaferi, raTa dapirebul 100 dolarian
sapensio paketSi Segvetana yvelaze mniSvnelovani komponenti
janmrTelobis dazRvevis saxiT. Sedegad, seqtembridan yvela asakiT
pensioneris janmrTeloba dazRveuli iqneba“.
aRniSnuli struqtura damaxasiaTebelia danarCeni teqstisTvis.
igive meordeba mcirewlovani bavSvebis dazRvevasTan dakavSirebiT. am
96
mimarTulebiT arsebul warsulSi problematur sakiTxs mosdevs ukve
miRebuli gadawyvetileba:
„Cveni gegmis mixedviT, seqtembridan yvela skolamdeli asakis
bavSvis janmrTeloba iqneba dazRveuli“.
mesame piroba, riTac dasaxuli mizani Sesruldeba ukavSirdeba
sadazRvevo kompaniebTan saxelmwifos urTierTobas. zemoaRniSnuli
struqturis dacviT, warmodgenilia problema - sadazRvevo komaniebis
momsaxurebis xarisxis dabali done da gadawyvetileba: SemoRebuli iqnas
TamaSis axali wesebi samarTlianobisa da socialuri Tanasworobis
dacviT:
„vqmniT TamaSis axal wesebs, romliTac sadazRvevo kompaniebi
valdebulni iqnebian daicvan dazRveuli moqalaqeebis interesebi da ar
moatyuon isini“.
aRsaniSnavia, rom mesame pirobis Sesaxeb meti araferia Tqmuli.
momxsenebeli ar saubrobs, Tu ra saxis iqneba gaJRerebuli „TamaSis
axali wesebi, arc imaze miuTiTebs ra xarvvezebia aqamde dazRvevis
sferoSi. am arguments, iseve, rogorc winas, Rirebulebad gasdevs
reforma, reformis dadebiTi Sedegebis wyalobiT viTardeba jadacvis
sistema. aseve, gamoikveTa Rirebuleba - samarTlianoba.
warmodgenili praqtikuli argumentis sqema, punqti #3, jandacva
mtkiceba / ra unda gakeTdes: (Claim for action )

gaizardos im adamianTa ricxvi, visTvisac dazRveva xelmisawvdomia”
mizani (Goal) Aarsebuli mdgomareoba

(Circumstances)
,,gaizardos im
,,dReisaTvis ukve 90-mde axali, Tanamedrove klinika
adamianTa ricxvi,
funqcionirebs saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionsa da
visTvisac dazRveva
qalaqSi.”
xelmisawvdomia”
,,saqarTveloSi vqmniT msoflioSi mowinave
maRalteqnologiuri servisebis danergvis axal
SesaZleblobebs“;
Rirebuleba -
reforma
Means Goal
- pensionerTa dazRveva;
- bavSvTa dazRveva;
- sadazRvevo kompaniebis momsaxurebis gaumjobeseba;
- „saxelmwifos mier dazRveulTa ricxvs wels 650
aTasamde pensioneri da 300 aTasamde bavSvi
daemateba“.
97
punqti # 4 politikuri da samoqalaqo warmateba
(angariSis teqstis monakveTi: ,,sakmarisi ar aris mxolod materialuri
warmatebisa da socialuri dacvis ... da ufro meti saerTaSoriso
partnioris gasaCenad. 605 sityva). teqstis am monakveTSi mizani
warmoCenilia, magram miznis uzrunvelsayofad samomavlo nabijebze
msjeloba mwiria. yuradReba gamaxvilebulia im RonisZiebebze, rac
sityvis warmoTqmamde gatarda da rac miuTiTebs qveynis saTaveSi
arsebuli politikuri gundis demokratiulobaze; warmodgenilia
warsulSi gaJRerebuli dapirebebi da maTi Sedegebi; wina planzea
pasuxismgeblobis reprezentacia. teqstis ZiriTadi nawili, 408 sityva
eTmoba arsebuli mdgomareoibs asaxvas. Aam nawilSi momxsenebli
aRniSnavs, rom Seqmnilia saxelmwifos demokratiuli ganviTarebis
warmatebuli modeli, mimdinareobs saxelisuflebo jgufis
TanamSromloba opoziciasTan, gazrdilia partiebis dafinanseba,
moqalaqeebma ician vin an ra Zala dgas satelevizio arxebis ukan,
gamyarebulia umciresobaTa uflebebi, Catarda sasamarTlo reforma,
iqmneba sistema, ,,moqalaqeebi iReben monawileobas marTlmsajulebis
ganxorcielebaSi“, yalibdeba politikuri koaliciebi, „Cveni demokratia
gaxsnilia yvela xmisa da yvela jgufisTvis, romelic saqarTvelos
konstituciisa da samarTlebrivi sistemis farglebSi moqmedebs“. es aris
arCevnebis weli. rac Seexeba zogad mizans: “Cveni amocanaa, rom aseve
gavafarTovoT Cveni politikuri da samoqalaqo warmatebis wre”... Cven
kidev ufro didi nabijebi unda gadavdgaT saqarTvelos demokratiuli
procesis gasaviTareblad” (punqtSic warmodgenilia igive presupozicia,
rac wina punqtebSi Segvxvda swored miznisa da mtkicebebis
Camoyalibebis dros: ukve aris miRweuli politikuri da samoqalaqo
warmateba garkveul doneze. axla saWiroa misi gafarToeba).
mtkiceba / ra unda gakeTdes: uzrunvelyofili unda iyos 2012 wlis
arCevnebis demokratiuloba: „es iyos yvelaze Tavisufali, yvelaze
gamWvirvale da yvelaze demokratiuli arCevnebi rac ki aqamde gvqonia“.
Means - Goal: arCevnebis monitoringSi aqtiuri roli unda hqondes
saerTaSoriso da adgilobriv damkvirveblebs: “amisaTvis Cven viwvevT
yvela Sida da saerTaSoriso damkvirvebels, rom maqsimalurad CaerTon
98
monitoringis procesSi”. Means - Goal: uzrunvelyofili unda iyos
politikuri partiebis dafinansebis gamWvirvaleoba. faseuloba:
pasuxismgebloba, Tanasworoba, samarTlianoba, Tavisufali arCevani.
punqti: 5 qveynis usafrTxoeba
(angariSis teqstis monakveTi: dabolos, qveynis winsvlis ufro meti
moqalaqisaTvis gasaziareblad... amasTanave, Cven vimkvidrebT adgils
saerTaSoriso ekonomikur sistemaSic.“ 627 sityva).
mocemuli punqtSi # 1 da #3 punqtebTan SedarebiT sityvaTa
naklebi raodenobaa, magram msjelobas aqvs argumentaciuli struqtura -
masSi ori praqtikuli argumentia warmodgenili. sainteresoa, rom qveynis
usafrTxoebas saqarTvelos pirveli piri ukavSirebs qveynis sagareo
kurssa da arCevans (arCevans, romlis winaSec Cveni qveyana Tavisi
geopolitikuri mdebareobidan gamomdinare saukuneebis manZlze dgas).
sityvis es nawili gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa Cveni qveynis sagareo
politikis Seswavlis kuTxiTac. mocemuli sityvis mixedviT saqarTvelos
usafrTxoeba, misi erTianoba da suvereniteti srulad aris
dakavSirebuli mis sagareo kursTan da istoriul arCevanTan. arsebuli
mdgomareobis aRweras momxsenebeli am SemTxvevaSic did dros uTmobs.
vfiqrob, aq ZiriTadi gancxadebaa: „arasdros SeveguebiT, rom imperia
gvizRudavdes Tavisufal arCevans. amitom, Cven vagrZelebT svlas
dasavleTisken. es arCevani Cveni erovnuli konsensusia. es aris gza Cveni
realuri usafrTxoebisa da Tavisuflebisaken.“ Sesabamisad,
warmodgenilia, Tu ra unda gakeTdes Cveni qveynis usafrTxoebisaTvis:
mtkiceba/ ra unda gakeTdes: „Cven unda gavagrZeloT saqarTvlosTvis im
usafrTo garemos Seneba, rac SesaZlebels xdis am winsvlas“- unda
gavagrZeloT svla dasavleTisaken;
faseuloba: reformebi, gza dasavleTisken.
Means-Goal: unda ganvagrZoT natosa da evrokavSirSi srulfasovani
gawevrianebisaken swrafva;
Means -Goal: unda gavamyaroT kavSirebi evropasTan;
Means - Goal: Tu yvelaferi sworad ganviTardeba, evropasTan Tavisufali
vaWroba gveqneba;
99
Means-Goal: unda daviwyoT Semdegi etapi evrpasTan savizo
molaparakebisa;
Means-Goal: unda gavagrZeloT strategiuli TanamSromloba amerikis
SeerTebul StatebTan;
mtkiceba/ ra unda gakeTdes: unda vimuSaoT saerTo kavkasiuri
ganviTarebisaTvis
Means-Goal: mxari unda daviWiroT saxelmwifoTa sazRvrebis urRvevobis
princips, SevinarCunoT megobroba kavkasiel xalxebTan;
mtkiceba/ ra unda gakeTdes: unda gaviumjobesoT urTierToba ruseTTan,
unda davamyaroT masTan mSvidoba;
Means-Goal: ruseTma unda aRiaros da daemorClos „suverenul
saxelmwifoTa Soris urTierTobis yvela saerTaSorisod aRiarebul
normas“.
Means-Goal: calmxrivad vauqmebT savizo reJims ruseTTan;
aRsaniSnavia, rom sityvis es nawili Seicavs mraval emociis
aRmZvrel enobriv saSualebas. gameoreba: TiToeuli Means- Goal abzaci
kvlav iwyeba sityviT „amitom“. mwired, magram mZafradaa warmodgenili
alternatiuli xedva, sagareo kursis Secvlis SemTxveva: „magram amaze
axla uaris Tqma ramdenime Taobas dagvakarginebs“. rus turistebTan da
biznesmenebTan mimarTebaSi, ramdenjerme meordeba fraza: „dae, icodnen“
dasasruli - Cven erTad vaSenebT saqarTvelos

(angariSis teqstis monakveTi: „amasTanave, Cven vimkvidrebT adgils
saerTaSoriso ekonomikur sistemaSic ... didi madloba.“ 452 sityva). iseve
rogorc dasawyisi, sityvis daskvna aris metad emociuri da exmianeba
msmenelis Zlier grZnobas - patriotizms. saubaria iseT Rirebulebebze,
rasac yvela Rirseuli moqalaqe iziarebs. emocia miRweulia Semdegi
enobrivi erTeulebiT: aRmatebiTi xarisxis gamoyeneba: ( mag. yvelaze
gaxsnili ekonomika). sityvebisa da sityvaTa jgufebis gameoreba (Cven
erTad vaSenebT saqarTvelos), warmoCenilia saxelmwifos miRwevebi da
warmatebuli politika. gamoyenebulia antiTezisi: „Cven aravis
vejibrebiT Zaladobasa da agresiaSi, magram mzad varT yvelas
SevejibroT ekonomikur TanamSromlobaSi, ganviTarebasa da warmatebuli
100
sazogadoebis SenebaSi“. „mcirericxovani, magram didi eri varT“, „patara
saqarTvelosgan didi qveyana“. metafora: „amitom gvaqvs gaSlili Senebis
fronti erTdroulad yvelgan“. aqve, am emociur fonzea warmodgenili
saubari xelisuflebis or proeqtze: lazikasa da quTaisSi aSenebul
parlamentis Senobaze. ver vuwodebT praqtikul argumentaciul
msjelobas, magram masSi aris warmodgenili mtkiceba: saqarTvelos
ganviTarebam geografiulad unda moicvas mTeli qveyana da am mtkicebas
mosdevs abzaci:
„amitom aqvs gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba lazikis aSenebas, amitom
aqvs gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba specialuri ekonomikuri zonebis
Seqmnas, maT Soris, Tavad lazikis ekonomikur zonas, romlis Sesaxebac
parlamentSi male Semova Sesabamisi kanonproeqti. amitom aqvs
gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba imas, rom Semdeg jerze parlamentis didi
tribunidan ukve quTaisSi - saqarTvelos meore dedaqalaqSi mogmarTavT“.
vfiqrob, daskvnis nawilSic, iseve rogorc SesavalSi, msmenelis
mier gaziarebuli damokidebulebis: patriotizmis fonze xdeba am ori
proeqtis lazikas da parlamentis Senobis Sesaxeb Sexedulebis
Camoyalibeba. daskvniT nawilSi kvlav Zlieria presupozicia da
metafora: „es gza Cveni erTaderTi marSrutia momavlisaken, igi didi
xania airCia qarTvelma erma da ar arsebobs Zala, romelic am gzidan
gadagvaxvevinebs“.
2012 wlis saangariSo sityvaSi momxsenebeli srulad afasebs enis
SesaZleblobebs, iyenebs rogorc gamoxatvis eqsplicitur, aseve
darwmunebis implicitur formebs. presupoziciis meSveobiT cdilobs,
msmenelis Sexeduleba/damokidebulebis gamyarebas vardebis revoluciis
warmatebis, qveyanaSi sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT miRweuli progresis
Sesaxeb. rac yvelaze mTavaria, vfiqrob, warmoTqmuli sityva srulad
warmoadgens gatarebuli reformebis legitimacias, radgan sityvaSi
moyvanil sam arguments Rirebulebad gasdevs swored reforma.
komunikacias damarwmunebels xdis momxseneblis damokidebuleba
sintaqsis mimarTac: winadadebebSi gamoyenebuli zmnebis droisa da
aspeqtis, maTi mimdevrobis meSveobiT, winadadebaTa struqturis
dakvirvebuli SerCeviT xdeba msmenelSi damokidebulebis gamyareba.
101
ritorikul diskursze (Rhetorical Discourse) saubrisas aRvniSneT, rom
jeims herikis (heriki 2005) mixedviT ritorikul diskurss eqvsi
maxasiaTebeli aqvs. maT Soris aris ritorikuli diskursis ise dagegmva
da warmarTva, rom igi iTvaliswinebdes auditoris interesebs, msmenelis
raodenobas, tips. ,,ritorikuli diskursi qmnis kavSirs ritoris
Sexedulebasa da auditoriis Sexedulebas Soris, rac gulisxmobs
auditoriis Rirebulebebis, gamocdilebis, rwmenis, statusis,
miswrafebebis gaziarebas” (heriki 2005). avtori saintereso
interpretacias warmoadgens darwmunebis mimarT aristoteles
damokidebulebis Sesaxeb: ,,Persuasion - for Aristotele, the principal goal of rhetoric –
depends on commonality between a rhetor and an audience. (heriki 2005:9). avtoris
mixedviT, dauSvebelia, rom sajarod sityvis mTqmelma
gauTvaliswinebeli datovos msmenelis / informaciis mimRebis
Sexedulebebi. ,,Rhetor must consider what an audience accepts as true, probable or desirable
(Herrick , 2005:10). vfiqrob, rom ritorikuli diskursis am maxasiaTebels
prezidenti saTanadod iTvaliswinebs parlamentis winaSe 2012 wlis
angariSis wardgenis dros.
102
3.2 gaeros generalur asambleaze wardgenili moxsenebebis
analizi (2004-20013 wlebi)
gaeros generaluri asamblea (UN General Assembly) gaeros saTaTbiro

organoa, romelic yovel wels ikribeba. masSi monawileobs gaeros yvela
wevri qveyana (dReisaTvis 193 qveyana2). Ees aris platforma, romelic
saSualebas aZlevs qveynebs, ganixilon saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis mqone
gamowvevebi. Sedegad, generaluri asamblea SeimuSavebs rekomendaciebs.
1992 wlidan saqarTvelo gaeros wevri qveyanaa. 2004-2013 wlebSi gaeros
generalur asambleaze yovelwliur moxsenebas saqarTvelos saxeliT
waradgenda mixeil saakaSvili. aRsaniSnavia, rom yvela moxseneba,
romelic prezidentma saakaSvilma gaaJRera asambleis sesiebze
struqturulad aris erTgvarovani, Seicavs erTsa da imave Temebs, wlebis
ganmavlobaSi moxsenebis dros ganxiluli sakiTxebis mimdevrobac ki
meordeba teqstSi. yvela moxseneba Seicavs erT mkafio mowodebas (Claim
for action) - praqtikul arguments, romelic ukavSirdeba saqarTvelos
teritoriuli mTlianobis aRdgenas da saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis
mobilizebas, gaeros Zalisxmevis gaZlierebas saqarTvelos okupirebul
teritoriebze samSvidobo procesebis damyarebis saqmeSi. Ees mowodeba
sxvadasxva wels sxvadasxva simZafriT da ritorikiT gamoirCeva, Tumca
ki Setyobineba wlebis ganmavlobaSi rCeba ZiriTad praqtikul
argumentad. saqarTvelos prezidenti mouwodebs gaerთianebuli erebis
organizacias da Sesabamis saagentoebs, ufro aqtiurad CaerTon
saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlianobis aRdgenis saqmeSi. saqarTvelos
teritoriebi aris okupirebuli, ukontrolo da es safrTxes warmoadgens
ara mxolod am patara qveynisTvis, aramed - saerTaSoriso
sazogadoebisTvisac, radgan ukontrolo teritoriebi qmnis kriminalis
gazrdis da terorizmis gaRvivebis safrTxes. xazgasmulia, rom
2
Ggaeros wevri qveynebis CamonaTvali xelmisawvdomia bmulze: http://www.un.org/fr/member-
states/index.html
103
saqarTvelo problemis gadaWris gzas mxolod mSvidobian nabijebSi
xedavs, rom demokratia da mSvidoba warmoadgens mTavar Rirebulebas.
ra reprezentaciebi Cndeba sajaro moxsenebebSi?
2004-2013 wlebis inglisur enaze gakeTebul uklebliv yvela moxsenebaSi

(sul 10 moxseneba) Cndeba Semdegi reprezentaciebi:
 vardebis revoluciis warmateba da daujerebeli Sedegebi

,,As my second term nears its end, I take pride in the many accomplishments that Georgia
achieved during my tenure in office. We took Georgia literally out of darkness, brought
unprecedented transparency into our public service, put our children back to schools and
took the gangs out of them. We have brought our nation closer than ever to its European
dream and worked tirelessly to renew the spirit of tolerance that guided Georgia in our
glorious past (2013).
 madlierebisa da pativiscemis gamoxatva saqarTvelos moqalaqeebis
mimarT;
,,I want to tell to all Georgian citizens – to those who supported our project, our policies
and our party and to those who rejected them – I want to tell them how proud I am of their
maturity and their bravery, how humble I feel looking at the sacrifices and the efforts they
have made. The path of the Georgian people towards freedom, regional unity and European
integration is far from over and I will continue to dedicate every day of my life to its
success, as a proud citizen of a proud nation (2013).
 pasuxismgebliani samTavrobo gundis warmoCineba;
2006 wlis moxsenebis teqstidan – ruseTis mier saqarTvelos
teritoriebis okupireba, ruseTis federaciis mxridan saqarTvelos
saxelmwifos teritoriaze ukanono qmedebebi, agresia, adamianebis
uflebebis darRveva, okupacia.
plenarul mimarTvebSi momxsenebeli warmoadgens vardebis
revoluciisa da mimdinare xelisuflebis mier gatarebuli
reformebis legitimacias. Mmdidari enobrivi saSualebebiT aris
warmoCenili is viTareba, romelic saqarTveloSi iyo vardebis
revoluciis Sedegad mosul xelisuflebamde. aseve, mravalferovnad
warmoaCens momxsenebeli 2003 wlis Semdeg gatarebul politikas,
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gadadgmul nabijebs. mimarTvis yvela teqstSia pasuxismgeblobis
reprezentacia – saqarTvelos amJamindeli xelisufleba aris
pasuxismgebliani ara mxolod adgilobriv doneze da ara mxolod
saqarTvelos mosaxleobis winaSe, aramed saerTaSoriso asparezze.
saqarTvelos axali xelisufleba aZlierebs demokratias, mxars uWers
mSvidobas da usafrTxoebas:
“And we have proven that we can take care of our people...like the teachers of our
country who for more than a decade were abandoned by the State.
Today Mr. President, I am proud to announce Georgia’s newest contribution to freedom

- our offer to send fresh troops to Iraq to serve in the special protection force for the UN
Mission in Iraq..
In offering our services to the UN Mission – we are hopeful that our presence will
foster lasting stability, prosperity and freedom for the Iraqi people – a freedom worthy of all
those who live in the region at large”.
gaeros generaluri asambleis 59-e sesia, 2004 wlis 21 seqtemberi

iseve rogorc saqarTvelos parlamentSi saangariSo mimarTvis
dros, 2004 wlis gaeros generalur asambleazec mimarTvis teqstSi
prezidentma saakaSvilma meti TvalsaCineobisTvis magaliTad moiyvana
konkretuli pirovneba. ganazogada warmatebuli SemTxveva imis
sademonsraciod, rom saqarTvelos axalma xelisuflebam ukeTesobisaken
Secvala moqalaqeebis cxovreba, gaxada ufro samarTliani, gaaTavisufla
korufciisagan:
,,I am reminded of one woman in particular, in Western Georgia, who just last week
received 12 years of back-pay from our government! Until now, that brave woman’s pay was
spent on the estates of corrupt officials and government Ministers...
The dedication of this brave woman – who sacrificed for so many years so that the
younger generation could simply receive an education – a chance at a better life - is an
inspiration for all Georgians…Protecting people like her are the reason we have confronted
corruption in Georgia so vigorously – corruption that threatened the very fabric of our
society”.
mravalferovani leqsikuri erTeulebis da stilisturi xerxebis
gamoyeneba damaxasiaTebelia momxseneblis inglisurenovani
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teqstebisTvisac. erT abzacSi vnaxavT inversiul wyobas (inverted sentence),
metaforas da gameorebas:
,,Never again will these loyal public servants have to harvest food from their gardens to
make ends meet. Never again will they have to face a government that disrespects their dignity.
Today, Georgia need bridges not bases...roads and not rockets....and we need
cooperation, not competition when it comes to eliminating sources of instability and terror.”
prezidenti xSirad iyeenebs kiTxviTi winadadebebis gameorebas, xazgasmas
da gazviadebas:
,,Why? Because these actions serve the cause of peace... Why? Because these actions
serve to defeat the threat of terrorism and strengthen the safety and security of our
populations... Why? Because these actions are part of what it means to remain a responsible
member of the international community of nations... And finally, because we have no
reasonable alternative, failure is not an option”.
2004 wels prezidentis mowodeba saerTaSoriso instituciebisa da
sazogadoebis mimarT saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlianobis
aRdgenasTan mimarTebaSi, warmodgenilia terorizmis da saerTaSoriso
safrTxis winaaRmdeg brZolis konteqtsSi. is safrTxeebi, romelic
axlavs saqarTvelos arakontrolirebul teritoriebs ar warmoadgens
mxolod saqarTvelos mosaxleobis saSიSroebas, aramed emuqreba
mSvidobas da usafrTxoebas saerTaSoriso masStabiT. swored es
argumenti aris 2004 wlis moxsenebis teqstis ZiriTadi nawili:
mowodeba - claim for action:

We must put an end to this cycle of destruction
mizani –Goal arsebuli Means Goal:

premise viTareba –
- By strengthening Georgia’s
Circumstance premise economy
- peacefully re-
incorporate South Black holes exist on - Stage by stage settlement
Ossetia and Abkhazia the territory of plan:
Georgia. uncontrolled 1) initiating confidence
zones breed crime, building measures;
ღირებულება –value drug trafficking, arms 2) removing the instruments
trading and most of war through
premise
notable, terrorism demilitarization;
Democracy, Peace, 3) guarantee of autonomy
International security,
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mocemul argumentSi sainteresoa miznis miRwevis saSualebebis Sesaxeb
msjeloba. saqarTvelos grZelvadiani ganviTarebis da qveynis Zlieri
ekonomikis Sesaqmnelad momxsenebeli gaeros sazogadoebis winaSe
waradgens etapobriv gegmas:
,,Today, I would like to introduce the idea of a new “stage by stage settlement plan”,
designed to speed resolution of these conflicts”.
pirveli nabiji – ndobis damyarebisaTvis saWiro RonisZiebebis

inicireba, adamianTa Soris kavSirebis damyarebis xelSewyoba: ,,Step One is
to initiate confidence building measures – so that new forms of trust are established that create
lasting human bonds between peoples. these measures can include exchanges that link NGO’s
to NGO’s...students to students...journalists to journalists...health care workers to health care
workers...athletes to athletes...and mothers to mothers.”
meore nabiji – demilitarizacia, arakontrolirebadi samxedro

Zalebisagan saqarTvelos regionebis gaTavisufleba: ,,These begin with
removing the instruments of war through demilitarization. And eliminating the climate of fear
through decriminalization. We must improve the local security of all who live in the zones of
unresolved conflict. These steps will require monitoring, verification and transparency, so that
our collective march towards peace can be visible for all”.
mesame nabiji – globaluri garantiebis SeTavazeba avtonomiis Sesaxeb

aRniSnul regionebSi mcxovrebi moqalaqeebisaTvis.
gaeros generaluri asambleis me-60-e sesiaze (2005 wlis 15

seqtemberi) moxsenebis teqstSi, marTalia mxolod erT abzacSi, magram
kvlav ikveTeba Setyobineba vardebis revoluciis Sedegebis da arsebuli
xelisuflebis warmatebis Sesaxeb. Mmomxsenebeli kvlav gamoxatavs
pativiscemas xalxis mimarT, romlis monawileobiTac saqarTvelom mokle
xanSi miaRwia ekonomikis gaumjobesebas. am abzacSi ikveTeba argumenti
avtoritetis miTiTebiT (Argument from authority), rodesac momxsenebels
dasturad mohyavs gaeros erT-erTi instituciis, msoflio bankis
mimoxilva qveynis warmatebis Sesaxeb:
,,In fact, during the short time that we have been in power, we have made progress on
nearly every goal. And the economy is improving. Indeed, a recent World Bank survey put
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Georgia among the top three world leaders in terms of speed and efficiency of the reform process
and positive business climate. Those results are a tribute to the strength of our people — and a
direct result of what a democracy can achieve when it is responsible, transparent and
accountable”.
Tumca, aRsaniSnavia, rom moxsenebis ZiriTadi mowodeba da

praqtikuli argumenti kvlav ukavSirdeba saqarTvelos teritoriuli
mTlianobis aRdgenas da mSvidobis damyarebas regionSi. 2005 wlis
moxsenebaSic sakiTxi saerTaSoriso usafrTxoebasTan da terorizmis
winaaRmdeg brZolasTan konteqstSi aris warmoCenili. Mmomxsenebeli
Seaxsenebs saerTaSoriso sazogadoebas, rom viTareba saqarTvelos
separatisul regionebSi aris Zalian rTuli da metad xelsayreli
narkokriminalis, terorizmis gasaRviveblad. momxsenebeli mouwodebs
gaerTianebuli erebis organizacias, iyos ufro qmediTi konfliqtebis
mogvarebis mimarTulebiT, gadavides ufro aqtiur fazaSi da aamoqmedos
Tavisi saagentoebi. Aaseve, sTxovs, saerTaSoriso stabilurobas mianiWos
ufro maRali prioriteti. rigiT mesamoce generalur asambleaze
prezidentis argumenti aris mkafio, SedarebiT ufro mokle da
eqsplicituri. amavdroulad, gamyarebulia winamZRvrebebiT da naTlad
warmoaCens mowodebis gasamyareblad arsebul viTarebas (circumstance
premise).
mowodeba / claim for action:We must put an end to this cycle of destruction
we need an international community and a UN that can do more than just talk about
solutions — we need a UN that can help bring them about. That means a UN that can
solve conflicts.
გარემოება /circumstance premise: Rirebuleba- value premise

Hundreds of thousands of refugees mSvidobiani gzebiT
from Abkhazia and from South Ossetia konfliqtebis mogvareba –
remain unable to return to their homes. The government of Georgia is firmly
Not only is Georgia's development committed to peacefully settling these
affected by these lawless territories… conflicts and to the peaceful establishment
but these areas endanger international of full control over our internationally
stability. recognized territorial integrity.
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Goal premise Means goal premise
 To combat the threats posed by  we need an international community
instability. and a UN that can do more than just
talk about solutions
 The issue of conflict resolution
must take higher priority at the  UN that can solve conflicts, UN that
United Nations. will not simply look on as
international law is being violated —
 More needs to be done — and more
but will put an end to annexation of
boldness shown.
Abkhazia.
generaluri asambleis 61-e sesis (2006 wlis 22 seqtemberi) teqsts

mimdevrobis mixedviT, absoluturad igivie Semadgenloba aqvs:
dasawyisSive vardebis revoluciis Sedegebis gamaxvileba da
saqarTvelos miRwevebis mimoxilva. Kkvlav msoflio bankisa da EBRD-s
moSvelieba am mowodebis gasamyareblad. saqarTvelos axali
xelisuflebis Zalisxmevisa da warmatebuli reformebis mimoxilvis
Semdeg, prezidenti saakaSvili aRwers arsebul viTarebas da mouwodebs
gaeros saagentoebs gaaqtiurebisken, radgan konfliqti, romelic
saqarTveloSi aris safrTxes uqmnis regionis stabilurobas. swored am
arastabiluri garemoebis gamo saqarTvelos mosaxleobis didi nawilis
fundamenturi uflebebi dairRva.
,,The painful truth however, is that in Georgia today we have inherited the brutal legacy
of unresolved territorial conflicts. And these conflicts undermine our stability and the stability
of our region. in fact, this inherited legacy is directly responsible for the systematic abuse of
the fundamental human rights of a large portion of our population”.
2006 wlis moxsenebaSi prezidenti pirvelad asaxelebs
teritoriebis okupant qveyanas – ruseTs:
,,Further, the painful, but factual truth is that these regions are being annexed by our
neighbor to the north - the Russian Federation - which has actively supported their
incorporation through a concerted policy of mass distribution of Russian passports - in direct
violation of international law, which is itself unprecedented”.
praqtikuli argumentis TvalsazrisiT, 2006 wlis moxsenebaSi
yvelaze cxadad aRwerilia arsebuli viTareba (circumstance premise),
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romelic warmoadgens argumentis RerZs xolo, mowodeba (claim for action)
maRalxatvrulad aris warmodgenili, sajaro mimarTvis bolos –
Semajamebel winadadebad - Let us therefore embrace this historic opportunity and
not delay (igulisxmeba okupirebis sapasuxo zomebis miReba). 2006 wlis
moxsenebac tradiciulad mdidaria enobrivi xerxebiT, gansakuTrebiT,
rodesac saubari Seexeba arsebuli viTarebis aRweras da ruseTTan
mimarTebaSi gaeros saagentoebis pasiurobas. teqstSi SevxvdebiT
metaforas, gameorebas:
,,We risk plunging the region into darkness and conflict, despite our best efforts to
promote peace. Let no-one ever say that Georgia was not clear as to how it sought to protect
its democracy and its State. Let no-one ever say that we did not seek to do so by peaceful
means alone. There is no other way for our country - and for the international community at-
large. In choosing to join the standard bearers of civilized democracy, we will act accordingly.
We presume that all nations who share these same values and are willing to sacrifice for them.”
2007 welsac, gaeros generaluri asambleis 62-e sesiaze,
praqtikuli argumentis TvalsazrisiT arsebuli mdgomareobis
warmoCenas eTmoba teqstis umetesi nawili. Ee.w. Circumstance premise-s
dros momxsenebeli erTgvar ukmayofilebas gamoxatavs gaerosa da
Sesabamisi saagentoebis mimarT. Umoqmedobasa da pasiurobaSi
adanaSaulebs mas:
,,The brutal campaign of ethnic cleansing uprooted ethnic Georgians, Armenians,
Estonians, Greeks, Jews, Russians and others who had lived peacefully in that land for
centuries—creating a de-populated and criminalized wasteland. The United Nations has tried
to bring peace to this region, but it has not succeeded in making Georgia whole again—
despite its unwavering recognition of Georgian sovereignty…
As I speak before you today, elements from Russia are actively – and illegally - building a new
military base in South Ossetia, in the small town of Java, hoping that arms and violence will
triumph over the will of the people. I bring this disturbing fact to your attention because
reckless acts like this must be highlighted and countered”.
110
2007 wlis moxsenebis mowodeba molaparakebis formatSi
cvlilebis Setanas da qveynis gaerTianebas ukavSirdeba:
Mmowodeba, ra nabiji unda gadaidgas - claim for action:

Changes are necessary in the negotiation format, which is stalled and stagnant. This is the
only path forward. We now must ensure that Georgia whole and free includes all the
people of South Ossetia and Abkhazia.
Circumstance Premise MMeans Goal Premise

The United Nations has tried to bring We expect genuine and relevant changes in
peace to this region, but it has not
the legal framework. A meaningful and
succeeded in making Georgia whole
again—despite its unwavering implementable plan for return of the
recognition of Georgian sovereignty. displaced, guaranteeing their property rights.
This morning, a senior Russian Effective economic rehabilitation. The
official made an unconstructive,
establishment of lasting security. And the
unsubstantiated, and wholly untrue
accusation that Georgian forces killed resumption of direct dialogue between
two innocent people in Upper Georgian and Abkhaz interlocutors without
Abkhazia.
any preconditions..
mowodebis sapasuxod, momxsenebeli ayalibebs im aucilebel nabijebs,

romelTa gadadgmac aris mniSvnelovani miznis misaRwevad da
amavdroulad, aRniSnavs im wvlilis Sesaxeb, romlis Setanac
saqarTvelos SeuZlia procesebis uzrunvelyofisaTvis. 2007 wlidan
prezidentma Tavis moxsenebaSi pirvelad moiyvana ruseTis samxedroebis
mier saqarTvelos okupirebul teritoriebze ganxorcielebuli ukanono
qmedebebis Sesaxeb. 2013 wlis moxsenebis teqstSi momxsenebeli pirvelad
saubrobs aRmosavleT partniorobis qveynebis saxeliT:
,,And why are millions of Ukrainians, Georgians, Moldovans, and others desperately knocking
on the doors of the European Union?...
As I speak, the Eastern European countries aspiring to join the European family of free and
democratic nations are facing constant pressures and threats.
111
Armenia has been cornered and forced to sign Customs Union, which is not in this nation’s
interest or in the interest of our region.
Moldova is being blockaded, Ukraine is under constant attack, Azerbaijan faces extraordinary
pressure, and Georgia is occupied. Why? Because an old Empire is trying to reclaim its bygone
borders. And ‘borders’ is actually not the right word, since this Empire – be it the Russian
Empire, the Soviet Union, the Russian Federation, or the Eurasian Union - never had borders.
It only had margins. I came today to speak in the name of these margins”.
D3.3 diskursisa da ideologiis urTierTkavSiris sakiTxi
Cvens mier SerCeul sakvlev masalaSi gvsurs, yuradReba

gavamaxviloT im ideologiur fonze, romelic iqmneba 2005 – 2012 wlebis
saparlamento angariSis da gaeros generaluri asambleisTvis Sedgenili
teqstebis meSveobiT. vfiqrob, rom warmodgenilia diskursisa da
ideologiis Zlier urTierTzegavlena, adamianTa jgufis ideologia,
romelic erTis mxriv qmnis diskursis struqturebs da meores mxriv ki,
garkveulwilad, Tavad eqceva diskursis gavlenis qveS.
socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa leqsikoni-cnobaris (2004)

mixedviT ideologia asea ganmartebuli: 1. ideaTa sistema, romelic
safuZvlad udevs socialur Tu politikur moRvaweobas. 2. Uufro viwro
mniSvnelobiT, ideaTa sistema, romelic erTi jgufis meoreze batonobas
akanonebs an amarTlebs (gv. 103).
diskursisa da ideologiis kavSiris Sesaxeb saintereso Sromebi

aqvs van daiks (Teun A. Van Dijk, 2001; Vandijk, 1995). Aavtori aRniSnavs, rom
,,ideologia ukavSirdeba ideaTa sistemas, gansakuTrebiT socialur,
politikur an religiur ideebs, romelsac iziarebs socialuri jgufi an
moZraoba. farTodgavrcelebuli ideologiebis magaliTebia komunizmi,
anti-komunizmi, socializmi da liberalizmi, feminizmi, seqsizmi, rasizmi
da anti-rasizmi, pacifizmi da militarizmi. Aam ideologiaTa
gamziarebeli jgufis wevrebi amyareben Zalian zogad ideebs, romelic
safuZvlad udevs maT konkretul Sexedulebas samyaros Sesaxeb, win
uZRvis maT mier movlenaTa interpretacias da socialur praqikas” (t. van
daiki, ,,ideologia da diskursi”, gv: 6). Aavtori miiCnevs, rom ,,mravali
112
ideologia aris dominirebis legitimacia”, Tumca igi aseve aRniSnavs, e.w.
,,pozitiuri ideologiebis” Sesaxeb, romlebis dominirebisa da
diskriminaciis winaaRmdeg aris ganwyobili.
cnobilia, rom ideologiaTa gamoxatva rig SemTxvevebSi xdeba

Riad, rac saSualebas iZleva, advilad moxdes misi aRmoCena. aseve
SesaZloa, moxdes misi arapirdapiri, implicituri gamoxatva, diskursis
naklebad cxad struqturebSi. van daiki aRniSnavs, rom ideologiis
,,Sinaarsi” (ideological ‘content’), yvelaze pirdapir gamoixateba diskursis
mniSvnelobaSi: TemebSi, aRweris sizusteSi (Temis SerCevis Semdeg Cveni
dadebiTi mxaris Sesaxeb informaciis vrclad da cxadad warmodgena,
uaryofiTis Sesaxeb ki – bundovaneba). avtoris mixedviT, zemoaRniSnuli
ideologiis ,,Sinaarsi” aseve gamoixateba presupoziciebsa da
implikaciaSi, TanmimdevrobaSi (coherence), leqsikuri erTeulebis
sinonimur gamoyenebasa da parafrazSi, sailustracio magaliTebis
warmodgenaSi, SepirispirebaSi, modalobaSi, da a.S. avtori ideologiaTa
struqturebis analizis dros mxolod semantikuri maxasiaTeblebiT,
cxadia, ar Semoifargleba da, sxva struqturaTa Soris, sintaquri
struqturebis mniSvnelobis Sesaxebac vrclad saubrobs.
,,ideologias SeuZlia gavlena moaxdinos socialur

damokidebulebaTa gamoxatvaze diskursul struqturebSi” (van daiki,
Discourse, Ideology and Context) statiaSi avtori ideologias ganmartavs,
rogorc ,,Semecnebis gansakuTrebuli forma, romelic gaziarebulia
socialur jgufebSi.” ideologia ayalibebs ZiriTad socialur
reprezentaciebs, socialuri jgufis wevrTa gamocdilebas, maT diskurss.
ideologia yalibdeba maSinac, rodesac xdeba socialuri garemos,
situaciis interpretacia mosaubreTa mier. SesaZloa, ideologiam
gavlena iqonios diskursis struqturebis farglebSi socialur sakiTxTa
Sesaxeb Sexedulebebis Camoyalibebaze. ideologia moicavs rwmenis
garkveul sistemebs, im rwmenisa, romelsac iziarebs adamianTa jgufi (van
daiki, 2006).
,,ideologia kargi an cudi SeiZleba iyos im Sedegis mixedviT, rac mas

socialur praqtikaSi mohyveba... misi gamoyeneba aseve SeiZleba socialuri
113
dominirebis Sesaqmenelad da mis SesanarCuneblad, aseve uTanxmoebisa da
opoziciis Sesaqmnelad. gansakuTrebul pirobebSi ideologias SeuZlia,
moaxdinos socialuri azrovnebis da socialur jgufTa qmedebis
organizeba.” (van daiki, Discourse, Ideology and Context gv. 14).
cnobilia, rom saxelisuflebo gundi, romelic saqarTvelos 2005 –

2012 wlebSi marTavda, sakuTar ideologiad asaxelebda liberalizms.
sainteresod migvaCnia, davakvirdeT, Tu rogor aris liberaluri
ideologia gamoxatuli aRniSnuli saxelisuflebo gundis lideris,
saqarTvelos prezidentis saangariSo moxsenebebSi gamoxatuli.
2005 wlis angariSis teqstSi am mimarTulebiT sainteresoa abzaci

privatizaciis Sesaxeb. momxsenebeli saxelmwifo qonebis kerZo
sakuTrebaSi gadayvanis mimarT Riad gamoxatavs dadebiT ganwyobas da
cdilobs, axsnas am procesis Tanmxlebi sikeTe:
(1) ,,daviwyeT Cveni qonebis privatizacia da unda gvesmodes risTvis

xdeba es.”
teqstis argumentaciuli msjelobis Sefasebis dros, aRvniSneT,

rom privatizaciis Sesaxeb abzacs aqvs praqtikuli argumentaciis
struqtura: momxseneblis mowodeba (Claim for action) dawyebuli nabijebis
samomavlod gagrZelebas exeba. momxseneblis subieqturi damokidebuleba
privatizaciis procesis mimarT abzacSi ramdenime leqsikur erTeulSi
Cans: ,,unda gvesmodes risTvis xdeba es” – vfiqrob, momxsenebeli
cdilobs, informaciis mimRebs / msmenelsa da Tavis Soris erTiani azri,
Tanxmoba Seqmnas (amas xels uwyobs pirveli piris mravlobiTi ricxvi
zmnaSi – gvesmodes) da mimarTvasac, vfiqrob, megobruli - damrigebluri
elferi aqvs.
(2) ,,es ar aris qonebis gasaRebis procesi, piriqiT, Cven gvaqvs qoneba,
romelSic fuli unda Caidos.”
megobrul-damrigebluri mowodebis Semdeg momxsenebeli cdilobs,

msmenelSi / informaciis mimRebSi arsebuli damokidebuleba
privatizaciis mimarT Secvalos (Attitude changing). damarwmunebeli
komunikaciis uzunvelsayofad igi iTvaliswinebs konteqsts da
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ganmartebas aZlevs im adamianebs, vinc privatizaciis procesis mimarT
skeptikurad arian ganwyobilni warsulSi miRebuli gamocdilebis gamo.
vfiqrob, momxseneblis Zalisxmevas karad gamoxatavs meore monakveTSi (2)
sityva ,,piriqiT”, romelsac winadadebis pirvel nawilSi warmodgenili
informaciis sapirispiro Sinaarsis Semcveli winadadeba mosdevs.
(3) dRes, saprivatizacio procesebi adrindelisgan sruliad

gansxvavdeba; e.w. saprivatizacio programebi. aqamde es programebi
imas gulisxmobda, rom obieqti ufasod gadaecemodaT da oci wlis
Semdeg oc milions Cadebdnen. fuli exlave unda Caidos imisaTvis,
rom xval misi amoReba SesaZlebeli gaxdes. xalxi unda daasaqmon
da obieqtebi amuSavdes, imisaTvis, rom Semosavali gagviCndes, rac
friad momgebiani iqneba.”
aRiniSna, rom momxsenebeli iTvaliswinebs konteqsts, informaciis

mimRebis gamocdilebas. abzacis mesame monakveTSi (3) warmodgenili aris
mcire Sedareba warsulsa da samomavlod dagegmil procesebs Soris.
Sualeduri angariSi ,,saqarTvelos ekonomikuri transformacia:
damoukideblobis 20 weli”, romelic momzadda fond ,,liberaluri
akademia Tbilisis” proeqtis ,,transformacia saqarTveloSi –
mniSvnelovani Sedegebi” farglebSi am process Semdegnaerad aRwers:
,,1997 wlidan, masobriv privatizebaSi CaerTo mTeli mosaxleoba da
daiwyo msxvili sawarmoebis privatizeba saaqcio sazogadoebebad maTi
gardaqmniT, Tumca es sawyis etapze ZiriTadad ganxorcielda
politikuri miznebiT...da misi mizani, moziduli yofiliyo ucxouri
investiciebi, naklebad Sedegiani iyo. amasTan, rodesac sakontrolo
paketebi iyideboda, biujetSi Sesuli Tanxebi ki ar xmardeboda
kompaniebis reinvestirebas, Sesabamisad, es sawarmoebi rTuli finansuri
problemebis winaSe aRmoCndnen... miuxedavad sawarmoebis
gansaxelmwifoebriobisa, ekonomika mxolod umniSvnelod viTardeboda da
sawarmoebi ganicdidnen funqcionirebisaTvis saWiro finansuri
resursebis da personalis naklebobas. kerZo mesakuTreebs ar hqondaT
araviTari gamocdileba damoukidebeli sawarmos funqcionirebisaTvis.
amitom sawarmoebis absoluturi umravlesoba gaCerda da ver SeZlo
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sabazro ekonomikis principebze gadasvla... amdenad, privatizebis
procesma ver uzrunvelyo ekonomikis konkurentunarianoba ( გვ: 14-15).“ M
2005 wlis angariSis abzacis mixedviT, Cans momxseneblis swrafva,

daarwmunos msmeneli privatizaciis procesis pozitiurobaSi, misi
gagrZelebis aucileblobaSi, rac, Tavis mxriv, ukavSirdeba sabazro
ekonomikis principebze gadasvlas da liberaluri ekonomikis
ganviTarebas.
Tamamad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom 2006 wlis saparlamento angariSis

teqstis udides nawilSi Riad aris gamoxatuli liberaluri ideologia,
mowodeba liberaluri ekonomikis sikeTeTa Sesaxeb. sanam prezidenti
qveyanaSi ekonomikis liberalizaciis kuTxiT gatarebul RonisZiebebze
da maT pozitiur Sedegebze vrclad isaubrebs, igi warmoadgens emociur
abzacs, romelic qarTveli eris Tavisuflebis siyvaruls eZRvneba.
vfiqrob, rom am abzaciT igi cdilobs, impliciturad daakavSiros
liberaluri ideologia qveynis istoriul miswrafebebTan. am
konkretuli diskursis struqturas rom mivadevnoT Tvalyuri, Semdeg
(Tematur) ganlagebas miviRebT:
- amocanis dasaxva: qveynis ganviTarebisaTvis saWiro swori

mimarTulebis dadgna / analizi;
- dasawyisi - ..vardebis revolucia”;
- abzaci Tavisuflebis siyvarulis Sesaxeb;
- awmyo (2006 weli) qveynis warmateba ekonomikis ganviTarebis kuTxiT,
warmateba liberaluri ekonomikis ganviTarebis kuTxiT, ZalisxmevaTa
dadebiTi Sedegebi;
- qveynis saerTaSoriso aRiareba Tavisufali ekonomikis ganviTarebis
TvalsazrisiT;
qarTveli eris Tavisuflebis siyvarulis Sesaxeb abzacis konteqsti, misi
mdebareoba zemoTmocemul CamonaTvalSi gvaZlevs safuZvels miviCnioT,
rom igi swored ideologiasTan mimarTebaSia moyvanili da impliciturad
emsaxureba liberalizmis wamyvan ideologiad legitimacias:
,,Cveni qveynis mTeli istoria TavisuflebisTvis brZolaa, xolo
misi yvela gamarjveba Tavisuflebis saxeliTaa mopovebuli. Cveni patara,
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magram aTaswlebgamovlili eris mTavari Zala Tavisuflebis siyvarulia.
saqarTvelos Svili mzadaa yvela gamowvevas gauZlos da nebismieri
sirTule aitanos, raTa Tavisufleba ar daTmos.”
maSasadame, prezidenti amavdroulad ayalibebs damokidebulebas,
rom saxelisuflebo jgufis ideologia ukavSirdeba qveynis istoriul
miswrafebebs. am kuTxiT igi axdens liberaluri ideologiis ara
mxolod legitimacias, aramed mis grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi
damkvidrebas.
dadebiT konteqstSia warmodgenili sabazro ekonomikis Tanmdevi
procesi - privatizacia, ris Sesaxebac prezidenti wina wlis saangariSo
moxsenebaSic saubrobs. Mprivatizaciis Sesaxeb abzaci xasiaTdeba
ganviTarebisa da zrdis mniSvnelobis Semcveli leqsikuri erTeulebiT:
dinamika, Semosavali, investiciebis mozidva, rekorduli Semosavali.
amasTan, warmodgenilia progresis maCvenebeli statistikuri monacemebi.
momxsenebeli kidev erTxel ganmartavs da ganasxvavebs privatizaciis
process warsulsa da awmyoSi, riTac igi kidev erTxel iTvaliswinebs
konteqsts aRniSnul sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi.
,,gasuli wlebis ganmavlobaSi obieqtebis „privatizacia" xdeboda
da mTeli fulis konkretuli adamianebis jibeebSi midioda.” (ra iyo
warsulSi)
privatizacia, realurad, investiciebis mozidvis saSualebaa”
(ganmarteba procesis namdvili daniSnulebis Sesaxeb).
2006 wlis angariSSi saqarTvelos liberaluri ekonomikis
ganviTarebis konteqstSi saubaria aseve liberal sagadasaxado kodeqsze,
mewarmeTa Tavisuflebaze, mecnierebis Tavisuflebaze, makontrolebelis
Semcirebaze, licenziebis gamartivebis wesebze, rac pirdapir aJRerebs
ideologias. magaliTad:
,,manamde arsebuli licenziebisa da nebarTvebis, daaxloebiT, 60
procenti gauqmda da samewarmeo saqmianobis kontrolis formebi
minimumamde Semcirda”.
momxsenebeli Eekonomikis liberalizaciis Tanmdev, saWiro gagrZelebad
Sromis liberaluri kanonmdeblobis Seqmnas asaxelebs. liberaluri
ekonomikuri reformebis gagrZelebasa da maT Seuqcevadobaze saubrobs
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prezidenti 2010 wlis saangariSo moxsenebaSi. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom
msjelobas argumentaciuli xasiaTi aqvs:
(1) ,,mTavari aqcentebi gadatanili iqneba liberaluri
ekonomikuri reformebis gagrZelebasa da maT Seuqcevadobaze
(ra nabiji gadaidgmeba samomavlod, risi saWiroeba arsebobs)
(2) imisaTvis, rom SevinarCunoT Cveni poziciebi da ufro win
waviwioT investiciebis mozidvis kuTxiT (winamZRvreba,
msjelobis gamyareba, Tu ratom unda gagrZeldes liberaluri
reformebi).”
kvlav ekonomikis liberalizacias ukavSirdeba ideologiis
amsaxveli teqsti 2010 wlis angariSis mixedviT. xazgasmulia mTavrobis
ekonomikaSi minimaluri Carevis, Semcirebuli gadasaxadebis roli da
mniSvneloba qveyanaSi investiciis mozidvis kuTxiT.
,,liberaluri principebis erTgulebam SegvaZlebina, rom 2009 wels
Cvenma qveyanam biznesis keTebis simartivis msoflio reitingSi me-11-e
adgilze gadainacvla.”
zemoaRniSnuli abzaci argumentaciuli xasiaTis mtkicebad
SegviZlia miviCnioT, radgan misi gamyareba angariSSi warmodgenili
magaliTiT xdeba. prezidenti saubrobs amerikel wyvilze, romelmac
saqarTveloSi biznesis ganviTareba gadawyvita swored liberaluri
garemos gamo.
2005, 2006 da 2010 wlebis saparlamento angariSebis mixedviT,
prezidentis mowodeba liberaluri faseulobebis gaziarebasTan
mimarTebaSi ukavSirdeba liberaluri ekonomikis ganviTarebas. mowodeba
aris Ria da informaciis mimRebisTvis advilad aRsaqmeli. aRvniSneT,
rom,,kerZo sakuTrebisa da sabazro ekonomikis principebis jansaRi
socialuri cxovrebis bazisur principebad gamocxadeba” ukavSirdeba
libertarianizms. Sesabamisad, 2005, 2006 da 2010 wlebis angariSebis
teqstebis mixedviT, SegviZlia vimsjeloT, rom ideuri mimarTuleba,
romelsac momxsenebeli iziarebs aris libertarianizmi. aqve,
sainteresoa, rom 2011 wlis saangariSo moxsenebaSi,,ekonomikuri
liberalizmis yvelaze mkafio forma” saxecvlilia. 2011, 2012 wlebis
saparlamento angariSis teqstebi metwilad socialur sakiTxebze
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amaxvilebs yuradRebas. xazgasmulia saxelmwifos monawileoba sxvadasxva
ekonomikuri mimarTulebis stimulirebis procesSi:
,,Cven davinaxeT, rom saxelmwifos aqtiuri, biznesTan mWidro
partnioruli, CarTulobis Sedegad gacilebiT ufro swrafad da kargad
organizebulad xorcieldeba progresi.” (2011)
,,dRes saxelmwifos pirdapiri monawileobiT da kerZo seqtorTan
Zalian intensiuri TanamSromlobiT iqmneba axali kurortebi.” (2011)
3.4 amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis prezidentis, barak obamas

wliuri angariSi - The State of the Union address
yovelwliurad saangariSo moxsenebas kongresis winaSe waradgens

aseve amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis prezidenti. State of the Union address
mimarTvis valdebulebas prezidents amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis
konstitucia akisrebs: ,,prezidentma drodadro kongress unda miawodos
informacia kavSirSi Seqmnili mdgomareobis Sesaxeb da warudginos
kongress gansaxilvelad rekomendaciebi da RonisZiebebi, romlebsac is
aucileblad da mizanSewonilad CaTvlis (amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis
konstitucia, muxli 2, nawili 3)”. saangariSo moxseneba kongresis winaSe
pirvelad prezidentma jorj uoSingtonma waradgina 1790 wlis 8 ianvars.
am sajaro gamosvlis TiToeuli detali, yvela protokoluri sakiTxi
(maT Soris stumrebis sia, maTi ganTavseva darbazSi) yovelTvis iyo
yuradRebiT gawerili da gansakuTrebuli Sinaarsis matarebeli. swored
amitom, am konteqstSi warmoTqmul sajaro sityva analizis
TvalsazrisiT saintereso masalas iZleva3.
3
Aamerikis prezidentebis sajaro mimarTvebis Sesaxeb saintereso masalaa Tavmoyrili
proeqtis – The American Presidency Project farglebSi. www.presidency.ucsb.edu/sou.php
119
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis 44-e prezidenti barak obama
2009 - 2016 wlebis ganmavlobaSi aSS-is prezidentma barak obamam 7

saangariSo mimarTva waradgina kongresis winaSe. xazgasasmelia, rom
prezidenti gamoirCeva damarwmunebeli komunikaciiT, qarizmatuli
sajaro mimarTvebiT da argumentirebuli msjelobiT. State of the Union
sajaro mimarTvebis dros barak obama xSirad mimarTavs iumors,
msmenels/ informacis mimRebs mniSvnelovan funqcias aniWebs (teqstebSi
vlindeba enis interpersonaluri funqcia). momxseneblis yvela State of the
Union mimarTvaSi Warbobs pragmatuli msjeloba qveynis ekonomikuri
ganviTarebis da damatebiTi samuSao adgilebis Seqmnis Sesaxeb.
sajaro mimarTvebis analizis dros praqtikuli argumentaciis Ziebis

procesSi, xazgasmiT minda aRvniSno Tema, romelic barak obamas
saangariSo mimarTvebSi aris erT-eTi wamyvani Tema da warmodgenilia,
rogorc arsebuli gamowvevebisa da sirTuleebis daZlevis gza,
samomavlod revoluciuri winsvlis meqanizmi, amerikis SeerTebuli
Statebis msoflio liderobis winapiroba. es aris saxelmwifos mier
mecnierebisa da inovაცiebis xardaWera, samecniero proeqtebis
ganxorcieleba da konkretuli gamowvevebisTvis kvlevaze dafuZnebuli
pasuxebis Zieba. Cemi azriT, amgvari midgoma aris pragmatuli da swori.
gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac prezidentis mier identificirebulia
yvelaze aqtualuri dargebi da mwvave problemebi, romelTa gadaWrac
samecniero wreebis warmomadgenelTa da kvleviTi proeqtebis gareSe
warmoudgenelia. samwuxaroa, rom am mimarTulebis ganxilvas
saqarTvelos prezidentis saangariSo moxsenebeSi adgili daTmobili ar
aqvs.
State of the Union address, 2010

2010 wlis mimarTvaSi prezidentma obamam gaaJRera mowodeba inovaciisa
da fundamenturi kvlevis gaZlierebis/ xelSewyobis Sesaxeb. kvlevaSi
investicia warmodgenilia, rogorc ekonomikuri zrdis da damatebiTi
samuSao adgilebis Seqmnis SesaZlebloba. samecniero mimarTulebebidan
upiratesoba aqvs miniWebuli energetikas, kerZod, ganaxlebad energetikas,
romelic naklebad daabinZurebs garemos, iqneba finansurad momgebiani da
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Seqmnis samuSao adgilebs. samecniero prioriteti - energoefeqturoba da
ganaxlebadi energia warmodgenilia interdisciplinur konteqstSi,
mWidro kavSirSi ekonomikur ganviTarebasTan da am gziT msoflio
liderobasTan:
,, Next, we need to encourage American innovation. Last year, we made the largest investment in
basic research funding in history, an investment -- an investment that could lead to the world's
cheapest solar cells or treatment that kills cancer cells but leaves healthy ones untouched. And no
area is more ripe for such innovation than energy. You can see the results of last year's
investment in clean energy in the North Carolina company that will create 1200 jobs nationwide
helping to make advanced batteries, or, in the California business that will put a thousand people
to work making solar panels.
But to create more of these clean energy jobs, we need more production, more efficiency, more
incentives. And that means building a new generation of safe, clean nuclear power plants in this
country. It means making tough decisions about opening new offshore areas for oil and gas
development. It means continued investment in advanced biofuels and clean coal technologies.
And yes, it means passing a comprehensive energy and climate bill with incentives that will
finally make clean energy the profitable kind of energy in America...
Here's the thing: Even if you doubt the evidence, providing incentives for energy efficiency and
clean energy are the right thing to do for our future because the nation that leads the clean energy
economy will be the nation that leads the global economy. And America must be that nation.“
moceuli abzacis praqtikuli argumentuli sqema Semdegia:
mizani: amerika unda iyos globaluri ekonomikis lideri -The nation that
leads the clean energy economy will be the nation that leads the global economy. And America
must be that nation.
mowodeba: Next, we need to encourage American innovation / unda gavaZlieroT
amerikuli inovacia.
arsebuli mdgomareoba: - gasul wels fundameentur kvleviT proeqtSi

umsxvilesi investicia Caido. energetikis dargSi kompaniaSi
ganxorcielebulma investiciam samuSao adgilebi Seqmna.
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Means-Goal premise:
- energoefeqturobis mimarTulebiT xelSemwyofi nabijebis gatareba.

- warmoebisa gazrda, meti ofSoruli zonis gaxsna;
- bioteqnologiebSi investiciis gazrda;
- energetikisa da klimatis mimarTulebiT iseTi kanonproeqtis miReba,
romelic uzrunvelyofs sufTa energiis Semosavlianobas amerikaSi.
Rirebuleba /value premise: alternatiuli energiis wyaroSi investicia

aris swori gza momavlisTvis - the right thing to do for our future.
Cemi azriT, argumentis Semadgeneli nawilebi erTmaneTTan gonivrulad

aris dakavSirebuli: miznis misaRwevad dasaxuli gzebi sworad aris
SerCeuli. alternatiuli energiis wyaroebze muSaoba msoflios wamyvani
klasterebis, industrial da kvleviTi cenrebis amocanaa. cxadia, swori
samarTlebirvi CarCo am procesSi umniSvnelovanesi mxardamWeri
meqanizmia. damatebiTi msjeloba arguments ufro informatiuls gaxdida,
Tumca, saangariSo mimarTvis dros sakiTxis wamoweva, garkveulwilad,
mniSvnelovani nabijia mecnierebis sferos mxardasaWerad.
2011 wlis sajaro mimarTvis teqstSi misalmebisa da Sesavali nawilis

Semdeg, pirvelive abzaci, romelic eTmoba gansaxorcielebel politikas,
gadasadgmel nabijebs, aris praqtikuli argumentis Semcveli teqsti
inovaciebis mxardaWeris Sesaxeb (2011 wlis sajaro mimarTvis teqsti sul
6878 sityvisgan Sedgeba. mecnierebisa da inovaciebis Sesaxeb msjelobas
eTmoba 935 sityva, teqstis, daaxloebiT 13%). kvlavindeburad, inovacia
ganixileba fundamentur mecnierul kvlevasTan, industriasTan,
ekonomikis ganviTarebasTan da samuSao adgilebTan erTobliobaSi.
xazgasmulia, rom yvela miRwevas, warsulSi Znelad warmosadgen
SesaZleblobas, finansurad momgebian inovacias da Seqmnil samuSao
adgilebs safuZvlad udevs fundamenturi kvleva. identificirebuli
praqtikuli argumentis sqema aris Semdegi:
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mizani: sufTa energetikul wyaroebze gadasvla.
,,So tonight, I challenge you to join me in setting a new goal: By 2035, 80 percent of America’s
electricity will come from clean energy sources. Some folks want wind and solar. Others want
nuclear, clean coal and natural gas. To meet this goal, we will need them all -- and I urge
Democrats and Republicans to work together to make it happen”.
mowodeba/ra nabiji unda gadavdgaT/ Claim for Action:

,,We’re telling America’s scientists and engineers that if they assemble teams of the best minds
in their fields, and focus on the hardest problems in clean energy, we’ll fund the Apollo projects
of our time’’
Rirebuleba: winning the future (The first step in winning the future is encouraging
American innovation)
arsebuli viTareba:
- amerika aris qveyana, sadac inovaciebi da mecnieruli produqti xdeba
Semosavlis wyaro.
- ganaxlebadi energiis dargis perspeqtiuloba ukve saxezea da
garkveuli Sedgebi dgeba.
We’re the nation that put cars in driveways and computers in offices; the nation of Edison and
the Wright brothers; of Google and Facebook. In America, innovation doesn’t just change our
lives. It is how we make our living. Our free enterprise system is what drives innovation.
mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSiri/ Means - Goal premise:

- fundamentur kvlevisa da mecnierebis mxardaWera:
,,But because it’s not always profitable for companies to invest in basic research, throughout our
history, our government has provided cutting-edge scientists and inventors with the support that
they need. That’s what planted the seeds for the Internet. That’s what helped make possible
things like computer chips and GPS. Just think of all the good jobs -- from manufacturing to
retail -- that have come from these breakthroughs”.
- investireba biomedicinis kvlevaSi, sainformacio teqnologiebSi,
energetikaSi:
,,in a few weeks, I will be sending a budget to Congress that helps us meet that goal. We’ll invest
in biomedical research, information technology, and especially clean energy technology -- an
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investment that will strengthen our security, protect our planet, and create countless new jobs for
our people”.
- kerZo seqtoris, prioritetul samecniero dargSi moRvawe kerZo
kompaniebis mxardaWera saxelmwifo sesxiT:
,,Robert and Gary Allen are brothers who run a small Michigan roofing company. After
September 11th, they volunteered their best roofers to help repair the Pentagon. But half of their
factory went unused, and the recession hit them hard. Today, with the help of a government loan,
that empty space is being used to manufacture solar shingles that are being sold all across the
country. In Robert’s words, “We reinvented ourselves.” That’s what Americans have done for
over 200 years: reinvented ourselves. And to spur on more success stories like the Allen
Brothers, we’ve begun to reinvent our energy policy”.
- ganaxlebadi enegiis dafinanseba
,,So instead of subsidizing yesterday’s energy, let’s invest in tomorrow’s. Now, clean energy
breakthroughs will only translate into clean energy jobs if businesses know there will be a
market for what they’re selling”.
- demokratebisa da respublikelebis erToblivi muSaoba am
mimarTulebiT, miznis misaRwevad Zalebis gaerTianeba.
zemoaRniSnuli praqtikuli argumenti, Cemi azriT, aris sworad agebuli
da damarwmunebeli. upirveles yovlisa, prezidenti asaxelebs
prioritetebs mecnierebis dargSi. cnobilia, rom rodesac qveyanas aqvs
gegma an ambicia, ganaviTaros konkurentunariani kvleva da inovacia, mas
aucilelad unda hqondes identificirebuli mecnierebis prioritetuli
dargebi – sad aqvs meti resursi, meti SesaZlebloba da romeli dargebis
dafinanseba iqneba ufro momgebiani saSualo da grZelvadian
perspeqtivaSi. prezidenti obama asaxelebs kvleviT mimarTulebebs,
romelTa gaZlierebisa da dafinansebis gazrdis Semdeg saxeze iqneba
udidesi progresi, ekonomikuri zrda, gaCndeba meti samuSao adgili da
uzrunvelyofili iqneba amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis msoflio
lideroba. xazgasasmelia, rom prezidenti mecnierebas ar ganixilavs
mxolod akademiuri wreebis warmomadgenlebTan, kvleviT centrebTan da
universtitetebTan mimarTebaSi. fundamentur kvlevas igi ganixilavs
kerZo kompaniebTan erTad, mohyavs kolaboraciis nimuSebi da,
praqtikulad, gamoricxavs mecnierebisa da kerZo seqtoris
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erTmaneTisagan damoukidebel muSaobas. am damokidebulebas prezidenti
gamoxatavs mdidari enobrivi saSualebebiT, riTac kidev ufro
damajerebels xdis komunikacias:
,,We’re telling America’s scientists and engineers that if they assemble teams of the best minds
in their fields, and focus on the hardest problems in clean energy, we’ll fund the Apollo
projects of our time’’.
STambeWdavad aris gamoxatuli praqtikuli argumentis mizani.
dasaxelebulia konkretuli TariRi da amocana, Tu ras unda miaRwios
saxelmwifom daTqmuli droisaTvis. sakiTxis dakonkreteba da cxadi
amocanebis dasma sajaro gamosvlas xdis damajerebels da zrdis
realisturobis xarisxs. dargis eqspertebTan erTad SegviZlia
vimsjeloT imaze, Tu ramdenad miRwevadia mizani dasaxul vadebSi, magram
enobrivi xerxebis TvalsazrisiT, komunikacia namdvilad aris
STambeWdavi da gamoiyureba realisturad. miznis miRwevis gzebi/ means
goal premise, vfiqrob, namdvilad Seesabameba mowodebas/ claim for action.
mimaCnia, rom mowodeba, romelic 2011 wels gaaJRera prezidentma obamam,
dResac aqtualuria da sasicocxlod mniSvnelovania ara mxolod
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis, aramed sxva qveynebis, maT Soris, Cveni
qveynis ganviTarebisTvisac – mencierebisa da inJinrebis, kvlevisa da
kerZoO seqtoris warmomadgenelTa kolaboracia prioritetuli dargis
irgvliv, romelic uzrunvelyofs resursebis mobilizebas ufro
efeqtiani, gamoyenebiTi produqtis miRebas.
prezidenti obama mecnierebisa da inovaciebis ganviTarebis saWiroebaze

vrclad saubrobs 2012 wlis mimarTvaSic. sakiTxi kvlav mWidro
kavSirSia samuSao adgilebis SeqmnasTan da kerZoO seqtoris
ganviTarebasTan. praqtikuli argumentis sqema aris Semdegi:
mizani: amerika unda gaxdes msoflioSi wamyvani mwarmoebeli qveyana,

romelsac eqneba ekologiurad sufTa energia -
,,America will have less pollution, more manufacturing, more jobs for construction workers who
need them. Send me a bill that creates these jobs.
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arsebuli viTareba: amerika yoveliTvis iyo inovaciuri qveyana.
,,After all, innovation is what America has always been about. Most new jobs are created in
start-ups and small businesses”.
mowodeba/ Claim for action: mecnierebis, teqnologiebisa da industriis
TanamSromlobis gaZliereba.
,,So let’s pass an agenda that helps them (start-ups and small businesses) succeed.
Growing industries in science and technology have twice as many openings as we have workers
who can do the job. Think about that -- openings at a time when millions of Americans are
looking for work. It’s inexcusable. And we know how to fix it”.
Means-Goal Premise:
- mewarmeTaTvis regulaciebis Semcireba - Tear down regulations that prevent

aspiring entrepreneurs from getting the financing to grow.
- mcire biznesisTvis gadasaxadebis Semsubuqeba, Expand tax relief to small
businesses that are raising wages and creating good jobs. Both parties agree on these ideas.
So put them in a bill, and get it on my desk this year.
- fundamenturi kvlevis xelSewyoba, universitetebis rolis gaZliereba;
Innovation also demands basic research. Today, the discoveries taking place in our federally
financed labs and universities could lead to new treatments that kill cancer cells but leave
healthy ones untouched.
- alternatiuli energiis wyaroebze muSaoba (prioritetuli dargi
kvlav dasaxelebulia – Clean energy);
- demokratebisa da respublikelebis erToblivi Zalisxmeva miznis
misaRwevad.
wina wlis mimarTvis teqstSi identificirebli praqtikuli argumentis
msgavsad, 2012 wlis angariSis es argumentic Tanmimdevruli da enobrivi
xerxebiT gajerebulia. mewarmeebisaTvis ufro moqnili da xelSemwyobi
pirobebis Seqmnisken mowodebis dros prezidenti kongresisgan iTxovs
swraf reagirebas da iyenebs metaforas:
“Tear down regulations that prevent aspiring entrepreneurs from getting the financing to grow”
126
2013 wlis saangariSo mimarTvaSi prezidenti obamas erT-erTi

mniSvnelovani mowodebaa, mecnierebisa da inovaciis sferoSi investiciis
gazrda:
,,Now is not the time to gut these job-creating investments in science and innovation. Now is
the time to reach a level of research and development not seen since the height of the Space
Race. We need to make those investments’’.
mowodebis gamomsaxvelobiTobas aZlierebs forma - Now is not the time.
cnoblia, rom mowodebis am formas mimarTa martin luTer kingma cnobil
sajaro mimarTvaSi 1963 wlis 18 agvistos:
,,We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of Now. This
is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism.
Now is the time to make real the promises of democracy. Now is the time to rise from the dark
and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to lift our
nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. Now is the time to
make justice a reality for all of God's children” (martin luTer kingi, 1963).
mowodebis am formiT, vfiqrob, prezidentma xazi gausva sakuTar

pativiscemas amerikis istoriis da amerikis gamorCeuli liderebis
mimarT, aseve yuradReba gaamaxvila mecnierebisa da inovaciebis seroSi
dafinansebis gazrdis da swrafi reagirebis saWiroebaze. energetikis
sferos prioritetuloba kvlav dRis wesriSia da ikveTeba kvlevaze
dafuZnebuli gadawyvetilebebis aucilebloba:
,,for the sake of our children and our future, we must do more to combat climate change. Now,
it’s true that no single event makes a trend. But the fact is the 12 hottest years on record have all
come in the last 15. Heat waves, droughts, wildfires, floods -- all are now more frequent and
more intense. We can choose to believe that Superstorm Sandy, and the most severe drought in
decades, and the worst wildfires some states have ever seen were all just a freak coincidence. Or
we can choose to believe in the overwhelming judgment of science -- and act before it’s too
late”.
praqtikuli argumentis sqema aris Semdegi:
mowodeba /Claim for action: meti alternatiuli energiis gamomuSaveba.
127
So let’s generate even more. Solar energy gets cheaper by the year -- let’s drive down costs even
further. As long as countries like China keep going all in on clean energy, so must we.
mizani: I’m also issuing a new goal for America: Let’s cut in half the energy wasted by our
homes and businesses over the next 20 years.
Means-Goal premise:
- kvlevisa da teqnologiebis mxardaWera, romelic xels Seuwyobs
bunebrivi gazis sufTad wvas da daicavs haerisa da wylis sisufTaves;
- infrastruqturis gaumjobeseba;
- programa ‘Fix-It-First’;
- biznesis sakeTeblad pirobebis gaumjobeseba;
- kvlevasa da inovaciebSi investireba.
vxedavT, rom prioritetuli samecniero dargi, mecnierebasa da
industrias Soris mWidro kavSiri kvlav warmodgenili aamerikis
ekonomikis ganviTarebis mamoZravebel Zalad.
2014 wlis saangariSo mimarTva ar warmoadgens gamonakliss, kvlevisa da

inovaciis roli qveynis ganviTarebis procesSi amjeradac xazgasmulia:
,,We know that the nation that goes all-in on innovation today will own the global economy
tomorrow. This is an edge America cannot surrender”.
mizani: meti samuSao adgilis Seqmna
We also have the chance, right now, to beat other countries in the race for the next wave of high-
tech manufacturing jobs.
arsebuli viTareba: saxelmwifom daafinansa kvleva, romelic inovaciis

safuZveli gaxda. saxelmwifo administracia zrunavs kvleviT
universitetebisa da bizness Soris kavSirebis gamyarebaze.
Federally-funded research helped lead to the ideas and inventions behind Google and
smartphones.
My administration has launched two hubs for high-tech manufacturing in Raleigh and
Youngstown, where we've connected businesses to research universities that can help America
lead the world in advanced technologies.
128
Claim for action:
- sapatento kanonproeqtis miReba, romelic bizness saSualebas miscems

inovaciebze gaamaxvilos yuradReba.
Let’s pass a patent reform bill that allows our businesses to stay focused on innovation, not
costly, needless litigation.
- mewarmeTa mxardaWera, mcire biznesis xelSewyoba.
tradiciulad, samecniero kvlevas, teqnologiebsa da inovacias

ukavSirdeba biznesis da ekonomikis ganviTareba 2015 wlis saangariSo
mimarTvaSi:
,,Twenty-first century businesses will rely on American science and technology, research and
development. I want the country that eliminated polio and mapped the human genome to lead a
new era of medicine -- one that delivers the right treatment at the right time”.
mizani: axali samecniero aRmoCenebis gakeTeba axali samuSao adgilebis

Seqmnis mizniT. inovaciuri teqnologiebis ganviTareba adamianebis
yoveldRiuri cxovrebis gaumjobesebis mizniT:
Kinds of discoveries that unleash new jobs -converting sunlight into liquid fuel; creating
revolutionary prosthetics, so that a veteran who gave his arms for his country can play catch with
his kids again. Pushing out into the solar system not just to visit, but to stay.
Means Goal premise:

- axali programis SemuSaveba medicinis dargSi
Tonight, I’m launching a new Precision Medicine Initiative to bring us closer to curing diseases
like cancer and diabetes, and to give all of us access to the personalized information we need to
keep ourselves and our families healthier. We can do this.
- internetze Tavisuflad wvdomis uzrunvelyofa;
- kompaniebis, mcire biznesis mxardaWera.
.
129
2010-2016 wlebis mimarTvebidan gamovyofdi 2016 wlis mimarTvis
tests, romelic agebulia momxseneblis mier dasmili oTxi SekiTxvis
irgvliv. mimarTvas aqvs ritorikuli xerxebiT gajerebuli Sesavali da
metad emociur daskvniTi nawili. 2016 wlis sajaro sityva - State of the
Union address barak obamas bolo mimarTvaa kongresis Senobidan
prezidentis rangSi.
vrcel mimarTvaSi prezidenti mraval saintereso sakiTxs exeba,

Tumca ZiriTad nawilSi Tavad gamoyofs Semdeg oTx mimarTulebas:
ekonomika, teqnologiebis gamoyeneba gamowvevebze sapasuxod,
usafrTxoeba da amerikuli politikა. Tematurad teqstis amgvar
organizebas momxsnebeli oTxi Sesabamisi SekiTxvis meSveobiT
uzrunvelyofs, rac komunikaciis aRqmas da damaxsovrebas amartivebs,
moxsenebas ufro efeqtians da damarwmunebels xdis. xSirad gamoyenebul
enobriv saSualebebs Soris gamoirCeva:
leqsikuri gameoreba da xazgasma:
,,Equal pay for equal work”

“That’s why we built a global coalition…
That’s how we stopped the spread of Ebola in West Africa…
That’s how we forged a Trans-Pacific Partnership to open markets…
That’s why we restored diplomatic relations”
eris liderisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli mowodeba
,,So, my fellow Americans, whatever you may believe, whether you prefer one party or no party,
our collective future depends on your willingness to uphold your obligations as a citizen. To vote.
To speak out. To stand up for others, especially the weak, especially the vulnerable, knowing that
each of us is only here because somebody, somewhere, stood up for us. To stay active in our
public life so it reflects the goodness and decency and optimism that I see in the American people
every single day”.
sajaro mimarTvis dros prezidenti sakuTar Tavs TiTqmis arasdros

ganacalkevebs sazogadoebisagan, udides pativiscemas da madlierebas
gamoxatavs amerikeli xalxis mimarT da xazs usvams erTobas.
130
cvlilebis koncefciis irgvliv msjelobis ageba. cvlileba, rogorc
progresis safuZveli:
,,We live in a time of extraordinary change — change that’s reshaping the way we live, the way
we work, our planet and our place in the world. It’s change that promises amazing medical
breakthroughs, but also economic disruptions that strain working families…”
,,It’s change that can broaden opportunity, or widen inequality”.
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis, rogorc msoflios wamyvani da mxsneli

saxelmwifos warmoCena:
,,The United States of America is the most powerful nation on Earth. Period” (2016 wlis
saangariSo mimarTva).
,,Our unique strengths as a nation — our optimism and work ethic, our spirit of discovery and
innovation, our diversity and commitment to the rule of law — these things give us everything we
need to ensure prosperity and security for generations to come”.
,,That spirit of discovery is in our DNA. We’re Thomas Edison and the Wright Brothers and
George Washington Carver. We’re Grace Hopper and Katherine Johnson and Sally Ride. We’re
every immigrant and entrepreneur from Boston to Austin to Silicon Valley racing to shape a
better world. And over the past seven years, we’ve nurtured that spirit”.
aRsaniSnavia, rom es koncefcia mkafiod aris warmodgenili prezident

obamas sxva wlebis saangariSo sityvaSic. amerikis, rogorc msoflios
upirobo lideris reprezentacia gamoxatulia sxvadasxva mimarTulebaSi:
mecnierebaSi, mewarmeobaSi, medicinaSi, ekonomikaSi da a S.
,,The United States is better-positioned for the 21st century than any other nation on Earth” (2014
wlis saangariSo mimarTva).
,,My fellow Americans, no other country in the world does what we do, On every issue, the world
turns to us” (2014 wlis saangariSo mimarTva).
rac Seexeba praqtikuli argumentis sqemas, aRsaniSnavia, rom prezident

barak obamas saangariSo sityva gajerebulia argumentirebuli da
winamZRvrebebiT gamyarebuli msjeobiT. rodesac movaxdineT praqtikuli
argumentebis identificireba, aRmoCnda, rom momxseneblis mowodeba
garkveuli nabijis gadasadgmelad (Claim for action) namdvilad Seicavs
131
Sesabamis winamZRvrebebs, romlebic bmaSia mowodebasTan. magaliTisTvis,
rogorc aRvniSneT, 2016 wlis saangariSo sityvis erT-erTi mimarTuleba
teqnologiuri ganviTarebis Sesaxeb formulirebulia kiTxvis meSveobiT:
,,Second, how do we make technology work for us, and not against us — especially when it comes to
solving urgent challenges like climate change?” am mimarTulebasTan dakavSirebul
msjelobaSi momxsenebeli ganixilavs im nabijebs, rac unda gadaidgas
saxelmwifos mier inovaciebisa da teqnologiebis gamoyenebiT. gamocdili
lideri aJRerebs konkretul, ambiciur mowodebas: amerikam unda SeZlos
kibos gankurneba. eris da saxelmwifos winaSe am amocanis dasaxva xazs
usmevs amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis gamorCeul misias, ebrZolos
msoflio donis urTules daavadebas, daZlios globaluri gamowveva. aseve,
momxsenebels warmoaCens rogorc progresisa da mowinave poziciebisaken
miswafebul liders.
maS ase, teqstis am nawilSi gamoikveTa mowodeba / Claim for Action:

,Lets make America the country that cures cancer once and for all.” mowodeba gaxda Semdegi
miznis nawili: inovaciebis gamoyenebiT udidesi gamowvevebis pasuxi.
mniSvnelovania, rom kibos damarcxebis Sesaxeb msjelobisas prezidenti
xazgasmiT saubrobs mecnierebisa da inovaciebis xelSewyobaze, arsebul
viTarebas (Circumstance premise) aRwers maRalmxatvrulad da emociurad: ,,The
spirit of discovery is in our DNA” da arwmunebs msmenels, rom amerikas aqvs yvela
saWiro piroba inovaciebisa da teqnologiebis gamoyenebiT dasaxos yvelaze
ambiciuri miznebi. mzaoba ganpirobebulia rogorc amerikeli xalxis
inovaciebisadmi istoriuli midrekilebiT, aseve bolo periodis
reformebiT. kibos winaaRmdeg brZolis xerxebad ki momxsenebeli asaxelebs
samecniero sazogadoebis gaZlierebas, aSS-is janmrTelobis erovnuli
centris (NIH) meti resursiT momaragebas, saxelmwifos mier gaZlierebul
Zalisxmevas.
teqstis meti emociurobisTvis da darwmunebis efeqtis gazrdisTvis

momxsenebeli misiis xelmZRvanelad aSS-is vice-prezidents jo baidens
asaxelebs .2016 wlis saangariSo teqstSi identificirebuli es konkretuli
praqtikuli argumenti sqematurad ase gamoiyureba:
132
gamorCeulad emociuri da stilisturi xerxebiT gajerebulia sityvis
daskvniTi nawili, sadac gamovyofdi darwmunebis mniSvnelovan xerxs –
moqalaqeebis, sxvadasxva profesiis adamianebis ganzogadebas da
TiToeuli profesiis mimarT mowiwebisa da Rrma pativiscemis gamoxatvas.
prezidenti xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom msoflios uZlieresi saxelmwifos
– amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis didebis safuZvels misi TiToeuli
moqalaqe warmoadgens – mewarme, mecnieri, maswavlebeli, medpersonali,
policieli, jariskaci, yvela profesionali, romelic Tavisi saqmis
erTgulia:
,,I see them everywhere I travel in this incredible country of ours. I see you. I know you’re there.
You’re the reason why I have such incredible confidence in our future…”
133
sxvadasxva profesiis moqalaqeTa mimarT pativiscemis niSnad, prezidenti
asaxelebs maT kongresSi, wlis erT-erT mniSvnelovan sajaro sityvaSi.
vfiqrob, am gziT momxsnebeli moipovebs keTilganwyobas da ndobas
msmenelTa Soris da mocemul saangariSo sityvaSi darwmunebis efeqts
kidev ufro zrdis.
cnobilia, rom prezidenti obama Tavis sajaro gamosvlebSi xSirad

mimarTavs iumors da am gziT advilad axerxebs msmenelis
keTilganwyobis mopovebas. Aaseve, Tanamemamuleebisadmi misi mimarTvis
stils gamoarCeven, rogorc e.w. Citizen centered attitude: mimarTvis teqstebSi
mravlad gvxvdeba ,,my fellow Americans”, 2015 wlis saangariSo teqstSi
xSirad gamoyenebul sityvebs Tu davakvirdebiT, vnxavT rom sityva We –
188-jer aris gamoyenebuli, xolo sityva–I mxolod 80-jer. sxva xSirad
gamoyenebul sityvebs Sorisaa:
American (37)
People (22)
Economy (18)
Nation (16)
Grow (9)
prezidenti sxvadasxva profesiis mqone, sakuTar saqmesa da samSobloze
Seyvarebul moqalaqes mimarTavs, kongresis darbazidan gaaJRerebs
TanamemamuleTa waramtebis istorias, romlis meSveobiTac erTis mxriv
gatarebul reformas, gadadgmuli nabijebis marTebulobas adasturebs,
xolo meores mxriv – amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis moqalaqeTa
Sromismoyvareobas, amerikeli eris siZlieres warmoaCens.
“Tonight, this chamber speaks with one voice to the people we represent: it is you, our
citizens, who make the state of our union strong” (2014 wlis saangariSo sityva) .
2015 wlis mimarTvisas krizissa da ekonomikis mdgomareobaze saubrisas

prezidentma obamam sazogadoebas gaacno rebeka da ben erleris
magaliTi, waradgina axalgazrda, mSromeli wyvili, romelmac TavianTi
qveynis siyvaruliT, SeupovrobiT da erTsulovnebT gauZlo ekonomikur
kriziss da gaZlierda. Aam axalgazrda ojaxma krizisis fonze dakarga
biznesi. Sedegad, benma samsaxuris povna saxlidan moSorebiT SeZlo,
134
rebekam ki swavla gaagrZela karieris mimarTulebis Secvlis mizniT.
droTa ganmavlobaSi wyvilma finansuri sirTulebis daZleva, ojaxis
kvlav gaerTianeba, saxlis SeZena da samSeneblo biznesSi dabruneba
SeZlo. wyvilis istoria cnobili mas Semdeg gaxda, rac rebekam aSS-is
prezidents TeTr saxlSi werili miwera:
“It is amazing what you can bounce back from when you have to…we are a strong, tight-knit
family who has made it through some very, very hard times.” (citata prezidentma
moxsenebis dros orjer gaaJRera, rogorc simbolo amerikeli xalxis
mebrZoli xasiaTis).
wliuri moxsenebis dros prezidentma amerikas mimarTa:
,,America, Rebekah and Ben’s story is our story. They represent the millions who have
worked hard and scrimped, and sacrificed and retooled. You are the reason that I ran for this
office.’’
emociuri magaliTis moyvanis da xalxis mimarT udidesi pativiscemis

gamoxatvis fonze momxsenebeli warmoaCens pasuxismgeblobis
reprezentacias, miuTiTebs ra eqvsi wlis win dadebul pirobas amerikaSi
arsebuli krizisis daZlevis Sesaxeb. teqstis mixedviT msmenels SeuZlia
daaskvnas, rom dadebuli piroba Sesrulebulia amerikeli xalxis
monawileobiT:
,,You are the people I was thinking of six years ago today, in the darkest months of the crisis,
when I stood on the steps of this Capitol and promised we would rebuild our economy on a
new foundation. And it has been your resilience, your effort that has made it possible for our
country to emerge stronger’’.
mowodeba, moqalaqeebis CarTulobiT gamarjveba, qveynis siZlieris da

TanamemamuleTa Zalisxmevis warmoCena obamas saangariSo da sxva sajaro
mimarTvis teqstebSi sakmaod xSiria da, garkveulwilad, mis stilsac ki
warmoadgens:
,,The United States of America is the most powerful nation on Earth. Period” (2016)
,,The State of the Union is strong! (2015)
135
aseve xazgasasmelia am gamarjvebaSi amerikuli ocnebis rolis warmoCena,
ramdenad Zlieri iqneba xalxis rwmena ganviTarebis da sirTuleebis
daZlevis Sesaxeb. Pprezidenti xSirad aRniSnavs, rom winsvla saxezea
amerikelebis uSualo monawileobiT, aqtiuri CarTulobiT, Zlieri
enTuziazmiT da rwmeniT, rom nebismieri dabrkolebis gadalaxva
SesaZlebelia. damarwmunebel komunikacas momxsenebli winadadebaTa
martivi struqturiT da mdidari enobrivi saSualebebiT aRwevs: abzacebis
dasawyisSi mimarTavs gameorebas, rogorc leqcikuri erTeulebis, aseve
winadadebis wyobis – risi miRwevis sjeroda amerikel xalxs da raoden
didi Sedegi aqvs dRes am sferoSi, bevrad meti, vidre gaTvaliswinebuli
hqondaT:
,,We believed we could reduce our dependence on foreign oil and protect our planet. And today,
America is number one in oil and gas…
We believed that sensible regulations could prevent another crisis, shield families from ruin, and
encourage fair competition. Today, we have new tools to stop taxpayer-funded bailouts, and a
new consumer watchdog to protect us from predatory lending and abusive credit card practices.”
(2015)
2014 wlis saangariSo sityvaSi amerikis samxedro politikaze saubrisas

prezidentma obamam msmenels gaacno erT-erTi samxedro moxele kori
remsburgi, romelic saangariSo mimarTvis dros kongresis darbazSi
imyofeboda. koris Tavganwirvis istorias momxsenebeli 252 sityviT
lakonurad da emociurad aRwers – avRaneTSi yofnisas samxedro moxele
mZimed daSavda, saWiro gaxda Tveebis ganmalobaSi intensiuri
mkurnaloba, erT TvalSi dakarga mxedveloba da xelaxla swavlobs
siaruls, metyvelebas, cxovrebas. mokle narativi Seicavs samxedro
moxelis damaxasiaTeblad epitTets: sharp as a tack, gameorebas - speak again
and stand again and walk again. Dda rac mTavaria, momxsenebels citatad
mohyavs Tavad kori remsburgis sityvebi, romelic warmoudgenel
SemarTebas gamoxatavs: ,,My recovery has not been easy,” he says. “Nothing in life
that’s worth anything is easy.”
es citata amerikelebisaTvis Semdegi mowodebis wyaro gaxdeba:
136
,,Cory is here tonight. And like the Army he loves, like the America he serves, Sergeant First
Class Cory Remsburg never gives up, and he does not quit.
My fellow Americans, men and women like Cory remind us that America has never come
easy. Our freedom, our democracy, has never been easy.”
vfiqrob, calkeuli pirovnebebis magaliTebi, maTi maRalemociuri

gamoxatva, mravalferovani enobrivi erTeulebi prezidents saSualebas
aZlevs moaxdinos gatarebuli politikisa da kursis legitimacia.
aseTive damaxasiaTebelia moxsenebis sruli an nawili teqstis ageba

SekiTxvebze. wina wlis angariSis msgavsad, 2015 wlis angariSis Sesavali
nawili Seicavs SekiTxvebs, romelTac momxsenebeli pasuxobs momdevno
teqstSi da swored am kiTxvebze afuZnebs Semdgom msjelobas.
III Tavis daskvna
winamdebare naSromisTvis SerCeuli angariSis teqstebSi im

narativs, sadac saqarTvelos axlo warsulisa da awmyos socialur,
ekonomikur Tu politikur mdgomareobaTa kontrastuli Sedarebaa
warmodgenili, pirobiTad vuwodeT reprezentacia - ,,saqarTvelo
vardebis revoluciamde da axla”. vardebis revoluciamdeli
saqarTvelos aRwerisas gamoyenebulia uaryofiTi, xolo revoluciis
Semdgomi periodis aRwerisas – dadebiTi konotaciis Semcveli enobrivi
erTeulebi. kvlevam aCvena, rom momxsenebeli wlebis ganmavlobaSi qmnida
am reprezentacias, romelmac Cveni qveynis politikur diskursSi
mniSnvelovani adgili daikava. Mimis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom mocemuli
reprezentacia sxvadasxvagvarad aris gamoxatuli yvela saangariSo wels
da misi monawileobiT viTardeba argumentaciuli msjeloba, migvaCnia,
rom igi iZleva damatebiTi Seswavlis mravalferovan masalas;
msgavsi pirobiTi reprezentaciis saxiT gamovyaviT pasuxismgebloba,
rodesac momxsenebeli xalxisagan miRebuli davalebis Sesrulebis
Sesaxeb msjelobs. aRvniSneT, rom pasuxismgeblobis reprezentacia Cndeba
137
emociuri narativis Semdgom, rac darwmunebis efeqts zrdis. analizis
dros gamoikveTa aseve reprezentacia – samarTlianoba. adresantis mier
socialur problemebze mosaxleobis saxeliT SekiTxvebis dasma,
umuSevrobisa da gaWirvebis aRiareba miuTiTebs imaze, rom momxsenebeli
cdilobs, mdgomareoba Seafasos samarTlianad. amasTan, igi aRniSnavs:
„TiToeuli maTgani (mosaxleoba) sruliad samarTlianad svams aseT
SekiTxvebs da me yvela am adamianis mesmis;“ kvlevis Sedegad aRmoCnda,
rom umetes SemTxvevaSi msjeloba moklebulia praqtikuli argumentaciis
sqemebs da aris gajerebuli sxvadasxva ritorikuli xerxiT.
momxsenebeli mimarTavs mravalferovan saSualebas imisaTvis, rom
komunikacia gaxados paTetikuri. magaliTad, emociuri fonis izrdeba
rodesac konkretuli warmatebis maCvenebeli pirovneba / an pirovnebebi
imyofeba saqarTvelos parlamentis darbazSi angariSis gaJRerebis dros.
Tumca, aqve aRsaniSnavia, rom amgvar paTetikur midgomas axlavs
msjelobis xarvezebiT ganviTareba (Hasty Generalization). P
saqarTvelos yofili prezidentis saparlamento moxsenebebSi (2005-
2012 wlebi) praqtikuli argumentebi Semdegnaerad aris gadanawilebuli:
saangariSo moxseneba Sedgeba 3480 sityvisgan. maT Soris SevZeli ori
praqtikuli argumentis identificireba:
- saqarTvelo unda iyos am procesebis monawile (igulisxmeba
saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis NATO-s samSvidobo operaciaSi
monawileoba), 52 sityva.
- unda gagrZeldes qonebis privatizacia, 192 sityva. teqstis mixedviT,
praqtikuli argumentebi saerTo saangariSo sityvis, daaxloebiT, 7 %
Seadgens.
saangariSo moxseneba Sedgeba 7365 sityvisgan, SevZeli mxolod ori
- reforma unda daCqardes da gagrZeldes, ekonomikis liberalizacia
unda gagrZeldes, 2159 sityva.
- unda gagrZeldes saerTaSoriso mxardaWeris mopoveba, 235 sityva.
138
teqstis moculobis mixedviT, praqtikuli argumentebi saerTo
saangariSo sityvis, daaxloebiT, 32% Seadgens.
2007 wlis 15 marti
saangariSo moxseneba Sedgeba 6898 sityvisgan. teqstis mniSvnelovani
nawili - 4815 sityva gamoiyeneba gasuli wlis sirTuleebisa da
SesaZleblobebis stilisturi mimoxilvis mizniT. SevZeli erTi
- unda Semcirdes umuSevroba da siRaribe reformebis gatarebis gziT,
725 sityva.
teqstis moculobis mixedviT, praqtikuli argumenti saerTo saangariSo
sityvis, daaxloebiT, 10% Seadgens.
saangariSo moxseneba Sedgeba 5800 sityvisgan. SevZeli ცხრა praqtikuli
argumentis identificireba:
- unda SevinarunoT politikuri stabiluroba, raTa SevZloT ekonomikis
gadarCena, samuSao adgilebis SenarCuneba, dasaqmebis gazrda - 795
sityva;
- sampunqtiani gegma saqarTvelos ekonomikaSi investiciebis mozidvis
mizniT (478 sityva);
- saxelmwifo instituciebis xarjebis Semcireba, qamrebis moWeris
politika ekonomikis sirTuleebis daZlevis mizniT (234 sityva);
- socialuri iniciativa - xelmisawvdomi dazRvevis programis inicireba

(774 sityva);
- devnilebis mdgobareobis gaumjobeseba (442 sityva);
- zrunva pensionrebze (308 sityva);
- zrunva maswavleblebze (491 sityva);
- zrunva soflis dasaqmebaze (865 sityva);
- saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlianobis aRdgena samSvidobo misiebis
internacionalizaciisa da saerTaSoriso institutebis maqsimaluri
Cabmulobis gziT (421 sityva).
teqstis moculobis mixedviT, praqtikuli argumenti saerTo saangariSo
sityvis, daaxloebiT, 82% Seadgens.
139
angariSis teqstSi saTaTbiro msjeloba (deliberation) an praqtikuli
argumentacia Tavisi Semadgeneli sqemebiT warmodgenili ar aris. miznad
isaxavs msmnelis/ Setyobinebis mimRebis darwmunebas erT ZiriTad
sakiTxSi: momxseneblis mier gacemuli dapirebebi sruldeba, Sesabamisad,
momdevno iniciativacebic ganxorcielebadia.
saangariSo moxseneba Sedgeba 6128 sityvisgan, SevZeli erTi praqtikuli
argumentis identificireba:
- gazrdili fasebis pirobebSi gamosavalis povna - „Cveni valdebulebaa,
rom am problemis (gazrdili fasebis) mosagvareblad adgilobrivi
gamosavali veZeboT (2916 sityva);
teqstis moculobis mixedviT, praqtikuli argumentebi saerTo saangariSo
sityvis, daaxloebiT, 47 % Seadgens.
saangariSo moxseneba Sedgeba 5280 sityvisgan da aRsaniSnavia, rom
teqsits umetesi nawili (daaxlebiT 90 %) praqtikul argumentacias
eTmoba Semdeg sam sakiTxebze:
- unda SevqmnaT ufro farTo wre xalxisa, vinc qveynis simdidriT
ixeirebs;
- gafarTovdes warmatebul fermerTa wre;
- ,,gaizardos im adamianTa ricxvi, visTvisac dazRveva xelmisawvdomia”;
- SerCeuli teqstebis dinamiurobas uzrunvelyofs enobriv-
gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebi: anafora, paraleruli konstruqciebi,
metafora, antiTezisi, gapirovneba, ironia, aluzia;
- angariSis teqstebSi gamoyenebulia mravali mowodeba, aforizmi,
alegoria, rac kidev ufro mravalferovans xdis teqstis ritorikul
diskurss;
- adresatis mier msjelobis dros xazgasmulia qarTveli erisTvis
yvelaze amaRelvebeli Rirebulebebi, rogoricaa Tavisuflebis
siyvaruli, sikeTe. warmodgenilia mtris – borotebis xati;
- aRiniSna, rom mosaxleobis mimarT madlierebisa da pativiscemis
gamoxatva erT-erTi mniSvnelovani komponentia msmenelis darwmunebis
140
TvalsazrisiT. 2010 wlis saangariSo sityvaSi, erT-erT monakveTSi
sityva ,,madloba’’ TerTmetjer aris gameorebuli. Svidjer meordeba
fraza „es madloba ekuTvnis’’, samjer meordeba fraza ,,Tqveni
damsaxurebaa’’;
- darwmunebis efeqts zrdis momxseneblis mier konteqstis da
sazogadoebis molodinis sruli gaTvaliswineba;
- MgamoikveTa, rom momxsenebeli, erTis mxriv, saubrobs im mosaxleobis
saxeliT, vinc yoveldRiurad uamrav socialur problemas awydeba.
meores mxriv problematuri sakiTxis ganixilva kvlav progresTan da
Zalzed warmatebuli qveynis konceptTan SepirispirebiT xdeba.
adresanti gamoxatavs, rom misTvis nacnobia esa Tu is socialuri
problema. amis dasamtkiceblad igi svams SekiTxvas, romelsac
magaliTad, umuSevrobiT Sewuxebuli adamiani dasvamda. SekiTxva
imgvarad aris formirebuli, rom igi (iribad) kvlav emsaxureba
msmenelis Sexedulebis (damokidebulebis) Camoyalibebas (attitude shaping);
- teqstSi aRmoCenili praqtikuli argumentebi sityvaTa simciriT
gamoirCeva;
- praqtikul argumentebSi msjelobas aklia ganmartebebi;
- gamoikveTa msjelobis rogorc enaze damokidebuli, aseve enisagan
damoukidebel xarvezebi. Aadresantis mier azris bundovnad da
orazrovnad gadmocema, sicxadisa da konkretikis arideba vfiqrob,
ukavSirdeba sazogadoebaSi garkveuli Sexedulebis impliciturad
Seqmnas;
- vnaxeT, rom argumentaciul msjelobaSi xarvezebis (fallacies) garda zog
SemTxvevaSi ikveTeba darwmunebis umniSvnelovanesi maxasiaTeblis –
Tavisuflebis – ugulvebelyofa da teqstSi Cndeba implicituri
muqara;
- praqtikuli argumentis farglebSi arsebuli mdgomareoba da misi
Sedareba warsulTan xSirad aris erT-erTi ZiriTadi winamZRvreba;
- miznis dasaxvis dros momxsenebels axasiaTebs valdebulebis
aRmniSvneli modaluri zmnebis xSiri gamoyeneba;
141
- SerCeul teqstebSi erT-erT mniSnvelovan faseulobad gvevlineba
reforma, romelic xSirad dasaxuli miznis ganxorcielebis
konkretul meqanizmad aris warmodgenili;
Semajamebeli daskvna
sadisertacio naSromSi xazgasmulia sajaro, politikuri mimarTvis

mniSvnelovani wvlili demokratiuli sazogadoebis Camoyalibebis
procesSi. აntikuri saberZneTidan moyolebuli, swored ritorika
wvrTnida sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi CarTul pirebs. kvlevisTvis
SerCeul masalaSi – prezident mixeil saakaSvilisa da prezident barak
obamas saangariSo (instituciur) sityvis teqstebSi – gamoikveTa, rom
orive momxsenebeli Tanmimdevrulad icavs antikur periodSi
Camoyalibebul wesebs warmatebuli enobrivi komunikaciis misaRwevad.
daskvnis saxiT, analizis safuZvelze, SegviZlia gamovyoT ramdenime
mniSvnelovani migneba:
 saqarTvelos prezidentis mier 2005-2012 wlebis saparlamento

moxsenebebis teqstebSi praqtikuli argumentebis wili srul teqstTan
mimarTebaSi cvalebadia:
saqarTvelos parlamentSi mimarTvis teqstSi

saangariSoO mimarTvis TariRi praqtikuli argumentis wili
2005 wlis 10 Tebervali 7 %
2006 wlis 14 Tebervali 32%
2007 wlis 15 marti 10 %
142
 saparlamento mimarTvebSi identificirebul praqtikul argumentebSi
gamovlinda tendencia, rom argumentebis Semadgeneli nawilebi -
dasaxuli mizani, mowodeba da miznis Sesrulebis saSualebebi -
erTmaneTTan sustad arian dakavSirebulebi. miznis misaRwevad msjelobis
dros gansazRvruli nabijebis gadadgma, SesaZloa, aucilebeli an
sakmarisi sulac ar iyos.
 praqtikuli argumentebis wardgenisas gamoikveTa mimarTulebebis/
sakiTxebis simravle, rac qmnis STabeWdilebas, rom prezident mixeil
saakaSvils ar aqvs prioritetuli dargebi/sakiTxebi da mdgradi
ganviTarebis xedva. magaliTad, 2011 wlis angariSSi warmodgenil
praqtikul arguments aqvs sxvebisagan gansxvavebuli agebuleba:
winamZRvrebad gamoyenebulia teqstSi gaJRerebuli momdevno argumenti
(romelsac, Tavis mxriv sakuTari winamZRvreba aqvs). iqmneba ZiriTad
mtkicebaze damokidebul msjelobaTa jaWvi: xdeba damatebiTi Temebis
CarTva. amgvari msjelobis aRqma aris rTuli da igi aferxebs angariSSi
gaTvaliswinebuli ZiriTadi saTqmelis gagebas. rTuldeba teqstSi
Semavali Temebis cxadad gansazRvra, maTi mimdevrobisa da
urTierTkavSiris dadgena.
 saparlamento angariSebSi prezident mixeil saakaSvilis komunikaciis
dinamiuroba uzrunvelyofilia iseTi stilisturi xerxebiT, rogoricaa
anafora, gameoreba, movlenebTan mimsgavsebuli metafora, antiTezisi –
gapirovneba, ironia. mag. 2006 wlis angariSis teqsti gamoirCeva imiT, rom
masSi warmodgenilia erTbaSad mowodeba, aforizmi, alegoria, rac kidev
ufro mravalferovans xdis teqstis ritorikul diskurss. ganpirovneba,
gameoreba da aluzia erTadADgvxvdeba 2007 wlis moxsenebis Semdeg
monakveTSi:
,,evropa xelaxla modis saqarTveloSi, iseve rogorc saqarTvelo

xelaxla uSinaurdeba mas. evropa saqarTveloSi pirvelad movida Tavisi
miTebiT promeTes dasaxsnelad. movida maSinac, rodesac saqarTvelo
erT-erTi pirveli qristianuli saxelmwifo gaxda”.
optimisturi mowodebebis gaJRerebis dros momxsenebeli

informaciis mimRebs arwmunebs, rom ZiriTadi mizani – ukeTesi
143
xvalindeli dRe – realisturi da miRwevadia. amisTvis igi mimarTavs ara
mxolod mdidar leqsikur gamomsaxvelobiT saSualebebs, aramed
yuradRebiT arCevs gramatikul kateoriebs:
,,2015 wlisTvis saqarTveloSi aSenebuli iqneba 17 hesi saerTo

jamSi 717 mgvt. eleqtroenergiis warmoebiT,...xolo mSenebare
mdgomareobaSi iqneba 13 axali hesi, jamSi 1007 mgvt. eleqtroenergiis
warmoebis moculobiT. es iqneba Cveni eleqtroenergiis warmoebis
gaormageba. es aris miliardobiT dolari Cveni ekonomikis ganmtkicebaSi
da Cveni moqalaqeebis dasaqmebaSi....” (umuSevrobis daZlevasTan
dakavSirebuli abzaci, 2015 weli).
Mmomxsenebeli iyenebs gamoxatvis rogorc eqsplicitur, aseve

darwmunebis implicitur formebs. presupoziciis meSveobiT cdilobs,
msmenelis Sexeduleba/damokidebulebis gamyarebas vardebis revoluciis
warmatebis, qveyanaSi sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT miRweuli progresis
Sesaxeb.
 sruliad gansxvavebuli suraTi gvxvdeba mixeil saakaSvilis mier gaeros

generaluri asambleis sxdomebze gaJRerebul mimarTvebSi. yvela
moxseneba (2004-2013 wlebi), romelic prezidentma saakaSvilma gaaJRera
asambleis sesiebze struqturulad aris erTgvarovani, moicavs erTsa da
imave Temebs, wlebis ganmavlobaSi moxsenebis dros ganxiluli
sakiTxebis mimdevrobac ki meordeba teqstSi.
 yvela moxsenebas aqvs erTi mkafio mowodeba (Claim for action) – praqtikuli
argumenti, romelic ukavSirdeba saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlianobis
aRdgenas da saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis mobilizebas, gaeros
Zalisxmevis gaZlierebas saqarTvelos okupirebul teritoriebze
samSvidobo procesebis damyarebis saqmeSi.
 2004-2013 wlebis ganmavlobaSi mixeil saakaSvilis mier inglisur enaze
gakeTebul uklebliv yvela moxsenebaSi Cndeba Semdegi reprezentaciebi:
 vardebis revoluciis warmateba da daujerebeli Sedegebi

 madlierebisa da pativiscemis gamoxatva saqarTvelos moqalaqeebis
mimarT;
144
 pasuxismgebliani samTavrobo gundis warmoCineba;
plenarul mimarTvebSi momxsenebeli warmoadgens vardebis revoluciisa
da mimdinare xelisuflebis mier gatarebuli reformebis legitimacias.
mdidari enobrivi saSualebebiT aris warmoCenili is viTareba, romelic
saqarTveloSi iyo vardebis revoluciis Sedegad mosul xelisuflebamde.
aseve, mravalferovnad warmoaCens momxsenebeli 2003 wlis Semdeg
gatarebul politikas, gadadgmul nabijebs. mimarTvis yvela teqstSia
pasuxismgeblobis reprezentacia – saqarTvelos amJamindeli
xelisufleba aris pasuxismgebliani ara mxolod adgilobriv doneze da
ara mxolod saqarTvelos mosaxleobis winaSe, aramed - saerTaSoriso
asparezze.
 leqsikuri gameoreba da xazgasma, dasaxuli amocanebisaTvis Sesrulebis
konkretuli TariRebis miniWeba, calkeuli pirovnebebis magaliTze
ganxorcielebuli reformebis warmatebis xazgasma damaxasiaTebelia
prezident obamas saangariSo gamosvlebisTvisac. prezidentis xSirad
asaxelebs sxvadasxva profesiis mqone, sakuTar saqmesa da samSobloze
Seyvarebul moqalaqes; kongresis darbazidan magaliTad mohyavs
TanamemamuleTa waramtebis istoria da amiT xazs usvams erTis mxriv
gatarebul reformas, gadadgmuli nabijebis marTebulobas, xolo meores
mxriv – amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis moqalaqeTa Sromismoyvareobas,
amerikeli eris siZlieres.
 sajaro mimarTvis dros prezidenti obama sakuTar Tavs TiTqmis arasdros
ganacalkevebs sazogadoebisagan, udides pativiscemas da madlierebas
gamoxatavs amerikeli xalxis mimarT.
 damaxasiaTebelia cvlilebis koncefciis irgvliv msjelobis ageba.
cvlilebas prezidenti obama warmoaCens rogorc progresis safuZvels.
aseve, yvela mis saangariSo sityvaSi didi nawili eTmoba xazgasmas, rom
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi msoflios wamyvani da mxsneli saxelmwifoa.
 State of the Union sajaro mimarTvebis dros barak obama xSirad mimarTavs
iumors, msmenels/ informacis mimRebs mniSvnelovan funqcias aniWebs
(teqstebSi vlindeba enis interpersonaluri funqcia). momxseneblis yvela
State of the Union mimarTvaSi Warbobs pragmatuli msjeloba qveynis
145
ekonomikuri ganviTarebis da damatebiTi samuSao adgilebis Seqmnis
Sesaxeb.
 rac Seexeba praqtikuli argumentis sqemas, aRsaniSnavia, rom prezident
barak obamas saangariSo sityva gajerebulia argumentirebuli da
winamZRvrebebiT gamyarebuli msjeobiT. identificirebul praqtikul
argumentebSi aRmoCnda, rom momxseneblis mowodeba garkveuli nabijis
gadasadgmelad namdvilad Seicavs Sesabamis winamZRvrebebs, romlebic
mWidro kavSirSia mowodebasTan.
Cem mier warmodgenili sadisertacio naSromi SesaZloa gaxdes sxva
politikuri mimarTvebis kritikuli diskursisi analizis meTodiT
Seswavlis safuZveli. kvlevis es gamocdileba saSualebas iZleva, rom
samomavlod SeirCes politikuri diskursis garkveuli nimuSebi, Catardes
maTi lingvisturi analizi sxva Sesabamis disciplinebTan mWidro
TanamSromlobiT.
146
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damoukideblobis 20 weli”, ფondი ,,liberaluri akademia Tbilisi
48. gazeTi 24 saaTi, 01.03.12. ,,kavkasiis regionidan mxolod erTi -

saqarTvelos banki ukve londonis safondo birJaze premium
listingSia"
mixeil saakaSvilis saangariSo sityvebi saqarTvelos parlamentSi:
149
2007 wlis 15 marti;
mixeil saakaSvilis moxsenebebi gaeros generalur asambleaze:

gaeros generaluri asambleis me-60 sesia, 2005 wlis 15 seqtemberi
gaeros generaluri asmbleis 62-e sesia, 2007 wlis 27 seqtemberi
gaeros generaluri asambleis 63-e sesia, 2008 wlis 23 setemberi
gaeros generaluri asambleis 66-e sesia, 2011 wlis 22 სექტემბერი
prezident barak obamas sajaro mimarTvebi
State of the Union address 2013 wlis 12 Tebervali
150

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ავტორის სტილი დაცულია

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti

darwmunebis lingvopragmatikuli maxasiaTeblebi da praqtikuli

(qarTuli da amerikuli sajaro mimarTvebis safuZvelze)

filologiis doqtoris (PhD) akademiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad

samecniero xelmZRvaneli: filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori,

I Tavi klasikuri ritorikidan politikuri diskuris analizamde ............ 8

2006 wlis 14 Tebervali ............................................................................................................................ 46

2011 wlis 11 Tebervali ............................................................................................................................. 71

3.2 gaeros generalur asambleaze wardgenili moxsenebebis analizi

„mWermetyvelebis xelovnebis meTodi darwmunebis meTodia,

saqarTvelos transformacia sabWoTa kavSiris qveynidan

sadisertacio naSromis farglebSi, Cemi mizania politikuri

sakvlev masalad SerCeulia saqarTvelos yofili prezidentis

naSromSi identificirebulia Semdegi problema: momxsenebelTa mier

naSromis aqtualobas ganapirobebs diskursis roli sxvadasxva

naSromis siaxles warmoadgens diskursis analizis erT-erTi

naSromis Teoriuli da meTodologiuri CarCo ukavSirdeba

naSroms aqvs Semdegi struqtura: Sesavali, sami Tavi, saerTo

pirveli Tavi mimoixilavs informaciis mimRebis darwmunebis mizniT

1.1 klasikuri ritorikis Sesaxeb

saukuneebs miRma ena mTeli Tavisi didebulebiT antikuri aTenis

mWermetyvelebaze dawvrilebiT mogviTxrobs ritorika, romelic,

,,ritorika unda iyos yoveli sagnis Sesatyvisi damajeroblobiT

„oratorma, romelic exeba omisa da zavis sakiTxebs, unda icodes

berZuli da romauli tradiciebis mixedviT, ritorika wvrTnida

„zneobrivi xasiaTis mtkiceba maSin gvaqvs, roca sityva isea

„argumentebis ubadlo ostati, romaeli auditoriis saocrad kargi

1. Inventio – (berZnuli Sesatyvisi – Euresis) yvela SesaZlo argumentis

2. Dispositio – (berZnuli Sesatyvisi - Taxis) sajaro sityvis teqstis

3. Elocutio – (berZnuli Sesatyvisi - Lexis, hermeneia phrasis) metyvelebis

4. Memoria – (berZnuli Sesatyvisi - Mneme) mexsiereba. aristotele

5. Pronuntiatio – (berZnuli Sesatyvisi - Hypokrisis) sityvis efeqtiani

cnobilia, rom mWermetyvelebis Sesaxeb codnas antikur xanaSi

1.2 ritorika da diskursi

sxvadasxva Tanamedrove avtorTan ritorikaze msjeloba xSirad

„ritorika aris xelovneba an disciplina, romelic Seiswavlis

cnobilia, rom diskursis ganmarteba sxvadasxvagvaria da masTan

diskursis mkvlevrebi winadadebis farglebs scdebian da

interdisciplinuri xasiaTi diskursis Seswavlam 1960-iani wlebis

sainteresod mimaCnia, warmogidginoT van daikis mier

socialur da politikur terminTa leqsikoni - cnobari (socialur

ra aZlevs diskurss politikur elfers?

sametyvelo komunikacia, werilobiTi teqsti, romelic Seexeba

am naSromis pirvel TavSi saubaria klasikur ritorikasa da

mas Semdeg, rac lingvistikis Seswavlis sfero gascda sityvaTa

2.1 darwmunebis Sesaxeb

Peithein, dicendo persuadere ... (daarwmune, daarwmune saubriT)

winamdebare kvlevis farglebSi, darwmunebaze yuradRebis

,,aristoteles Teoriam ritorikis diskursis Sesaxeb drois

darwmuneba da ritorika erTmaneTTan faqtobrivad gaaigives Jan

marTlac, rodesac saqme exeba aseT interdisciplinur cnebas,

1) warmatebuli mcdeloba (davarwmuneT, maSasadame warmatebulad

(rodesac adamianis Tavisufleba kiTxvis niSnis qveS dgebა, saTuoa

darwmunebis definicias avtori swored zemoaRniSnuli paradigmis

(sxva adamianis goebriv mdgomareobaze gavlenis moxdenis

Cemi azriT, darwmunebas swored nebayoflobiTi xasiaTi aniWebs

darwmunebasa da iZulebasTan dakavSirebiT avtorebs sxvadasxva

2.2 muqi ferebi darwmunebaSi

Tanamedrove pirobebSi damarwmunebeli komunikacia bundovani gaxda

,,Human communication is often multimotivated. It takes place through multiple

(adamianTa komunikacia xSirad aris mravalmxriv motivirebuli da

biznesisa Tu politikis warmomadgenlebi sxvadasxva xerxs

rodesac vsaubrobT darwmunebis Tavisufal arCevanze,