Hydrodynamic Interaction between ships on opposite

course in a narrow channel:

Hydrodynamic Interaction between ships on opposite course in a narrow

channel_2

 On close approach, the combined positive bow pressure zones

encourage the respective bows to be repelled and, if speed is
excessive, may require vigorous corrective helm.

Hydrodynamic Interaction between ships on opposite course in a narrow

channel

 When abeam, the combined low pressure zones encourage a suction

which, if the vessel’s are very close, can cause a violent broadside
collision. The bow of each vessel now comes under the influence of the
other vessel’s stern, which also means the rudder of each vessel is
being affected by the positive pressure of the other vessel’s bow. This
causes each vessel to take a sheer towards the other vessel and, if in a
 narrow channel or fairway, for the stern to be cast towards the
boundaries of that channel of fairway.

Hydrodynamic Interaction between ships on opposite course in a narrow

channel_3

 As each vessel draws clear the combined low pressure zones cause the
sterns to be drawn towards each other and assist the vessels to regain
their original track.  

Pivot point when moving ahead with

constant speed:

Pivot when moving ahead with constant speed:-

There are two forces to deal with, the forward momentum of the vessel and the
longitudinal resistance of the water ahead of the vessel. For a vessel to move at uniform
speed, a proportion of the applied power is spent in overcoming the longitudinal
resistance of the water. Initially, the pivot point moves right forward, then, as the forward
momentum matches the water resistance, the pivot point will move aft to approximately
1/8 of the waterline length from forward. Once the water resistance has been overcome,
the pivot point will move further aft and when at a uniform speed, will settle at a position,
approximately ¼ of the waterline length from forward.