2020-09-14

Civil Engineering Mechanics

CVG2149

LEC3

SHEAR, BENDING MOMENT

DIAGRAMS ON BEAMS

CH.7

Types of forces

w( N / m )  distributedload  5 N/m

wtot ( N )  w(N/m)  L(m) 

wtot 5(N/m)  10( m)  50 N

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CHARGES REPARTIES

• Considérez les forces reparties avec des grandeurs proportionnelles aux

secteurs élémentaires sur ce qui agissent et aussi sont des forces varient
linéairement avec la distance rapportée a l’axe donné.
L • Une charge repartie est représentée en traçant la
W   wdx   dA  A charge par unité de longueur, W (N/m). La charge
0 totale est égale au l’aire sous la courbe de charge.
grandeur =
L’aire sous la courbe de charge
OP W   xdW • Une charge repartie peut être remplacent par une
charge concentrée d’une grandeur égale au l’aire
L
OP A   xdA  x A sous la courbe de charge et une ligne d'action
passant par le centroïde de l’aire.
0
Centroïde –
avec la moment statique

Distributed loads

• Consider the forces distributed with their magnitude are proportional with the
infinitesimal element on which they are acting, and also they vary linear with
the distance from a given axis.
L • A distributed load is represented by the curve of the
W   wdx   dA  A force varying with the unit of lenght, W (N/m). The
0 load is equal to the surface under the curve
magnitude = describing the load.
The area under the curve of the force
OP W   xdW • A distributed load can be replaced with a
concentrated load of the same magnitude with the
L
OP A   xdA  x A surface under the curve, and a line of action passing
through the centroid of the surface.
0
Represented at the centroid

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Various Types of Beam Loading and

Support
• Beam - structural member designed to support
loads applied at various points along its length.

• Beam can be subjected to concentrated loads or

distributed loads or combination of both.

• Beam design is two-step process:

1) determine shearing forces and bending
moments produced by the applied loads
2) select cross-section best suited to resist
shearing forces and bending moments

Distributed forces: Centroids

To determine the resultant of a concentrated force:

1. Determine the magnitude of the resultant = AREA
2. Determine the position of the application point = CENTROID
For known shapes:
Rectangle
Area – Magnitude of R: R  wL
Centroid – Position of R: x  L / 2

Triangle
Area – Magnitude of R: R  1 wL
2
Centroid – Position of R: x  2L / 3

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Various Types of Beam Loading and

Support

• Beams are classified according to way in which they are supported.

• Reactions at beam supports are determinate if they involve only three

unknowns. Otherwise, they are statically indeterminate.

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Shear and Bending Moment in a Beam

• Bending moment and shearing force
diagrams = graphical representation
of internal forces at any point in a
beam subjected to concentrated and
distributed loads.
• Determine reactions at supports by
treating whole beam as free-body.

• Cut beam at C and draw free-body

diagrams for AC and CB. By
definition, positive sense for internal
force-couple systems are as shown.
• The load is not transmitted to
the supports “instantly or • From equilibrium considerations,
constantly” – but has a MAX determine M and V or M’ and V’.
and MIN – represented in the
diagram

Shear and Bending Moment in a Beam

DEF : graphic representation of the internal forces.
• The load cannot be transmitted to the supports “instantaneously”
but has a MAX and a MIN – represented in diagrams.

Magnitude of Magnitude of Magnitude of Magnitude of

the reaction? the force? the force? the reaction?

• For representing the magnitude of the shear force and of the

bending moments, for each point along the beam:

1. Determine the reactions by using the free-body-diagram of the

beam.
2. Isolate segments of the beam for calculating intermediate values
for the shear forces and for the bending moments.
3. Determine the shear forces and the bending moments at points
close to the application point of the given loads.

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Shear and Bending Moments Diagrams

• The variation of the shear force
and bending moment along the
beam can be represented
graphically.
• Determine the reactions at the
supports.
• Section the beam at C and
consider the member AC,
V   P 2 M   Px 2
• Section the beam at E and
consider the member EB,
V   P 2 M   PL  x  2
• For a beam with concentrated loads,
the shear forces are constant between
the application points of the
concentrated loads, and the bending
moment vary linearly.

Attention!

Sign convention for both shear force and bending moments

• The signs are considered to be positive when taken as in

figures below

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SOLUTION:
• Taking entire beam as a free-body,
calculate reactions at B and D.
• Find equivalent internal force-couple
systems for free-bodies formed by
cutting beam on either side of load
application points.
Sample prob: 7.2
• Plot results.
Draw the shear and bending moment
diagrams for the beam and loading
shown.

Section the beam before and after supports and load points

SOLUTION:
• Taking entire beam as a free-body, calculate
reactions at B and D.

• Find equivalent internal force-couple systems at

sections on either side of load application points.
 Fy  0 :  20 kN  V1  0 V  20 kN
1
M 1  0: 20 kN0 m  M1  0 M1  0

 Fy  0 :  20 kN  V2  0 V2  20 kN

M 2  0 : 20 kN 2.5 m   M 2  0 M 2  50kNm

V3  26 kN M 3  50 kN  m
Similarly: V3  26 kN M 3  50 kN  m
V4  26 kN M 4  28 kN  m
M 5  28 kN  m
V5  14 kN
V6  14 kN M 6  0

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• Plot results.
Note that shear is of constant value
between concentrated loads and
bending moment varies linearly.

V1  20 kN M1  0

V2  20 kN M 2  50kNm

V3  26 kN M 3  50 kN  m
V3  26 kN M 3  50 kN  m
V4  26 kN M 4  28 kN  m
M 5  28 kN  m
V5  14 kN
V6  14 kN M 6  0

The method of the areas under the shear force

F = 54N

A2 = 9.72m2

A3 = 1.8 x (10.8+64.8)/2
= 68 m2

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Concentrated Uniformly Linearly Distributed

Load Distributed Load
Load

Constant Linear
V L  Parabola (degree 2)
V  w  x 
2 

M Linear: Parabola (degree 2) Parabola (higher

 
Px w degree)
M M Lx  x 2
2 2