Bachelor of Science (Engineering)

BSC103C
Engineering Dynamics and Mechanics
Topic 7.1
Bending Moment and Shear Force in Beams

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 Bending Moment and Shear Force in
Beams
Topic 7.1

Beams
• 7.1 Introduction to Beams. Types of Beams, loading conditions and
types of reactions
• 7.2 Shear forces and bending moments
• 7.3 Shear Force Diagrams (SFD) and Bending Moment Diagrams (BMD)
Beams subject to concentrated loads, uniformly distributed
loads(UDL), uniformly varying loads (UVL) and couples.

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 BEAMS
• A structural member is loaded with forces to length.
• A load applied vertically or diagonally to the beam length to support a
structure.
• The load applied makes bending in beam, causes stressing a beam.

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 Types of Beams

Classification of beams usually based on the manner in which they are

Supported

Also considered.
• Geometry
• Equilibrium conditions
• Cross section
• Material used

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 CLASSIFICATION BASED ON SUPPORTS

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 SUPPORTS
Support are used to provide suitable reactions to beam or any body.
Types of support

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 Loads on Beams

A Load is considered as
• Force
• Deformation
• Acceleration applied to the structure
• It causes stresses, deformations, displacements, and
excess loads or overloading may cause structural failure.

CLASSIFICATION OF LOADS
• Point Load or Concentrated Load
• Uniformly Distributed Load (UDL)
• Uniformly Varying Load (UVL)

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 Types of loads

http://vedupromechanics.blogspot.com.au/2013/01/types-of-loads-beams-and-supports.html

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 http://www.francisxavier.ac.in/uploads/STUDY_MATERIALS/MECH/2014_2015_ODD/II_YEAR/CE6306_NOTES.pdf

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 http://www.francisxavier.ac.in/uploads/STUDY_MATERIALS/MECH/2014_2015_ODD/II_YEAR/CE6306_NOTES.pdf

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 Bending Moment and Shear Force in
Beams
END Topic 7.1

Beams
• 7.1 Introduction to Beams. Types of Beams, loading conditions and
types of reactions
• 7.2 Shear forces and bending moments
• 7.3 Shear Force Diagrams (SFD) and Bending Moment Diagrams (BMD)
Beams subject to concentrated loads, uniformly distributed
loads(UDL), uniformly varying loads (UVL) and couples.

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 Bachelor of Science (Engineering)
BSC103C
Engineering Dynamics and Mechanics
Topic 7.2
Bending Moment and Shear Force in Beams

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 Bending Moment and Shear Force in
Beams
Topic 7.2

Beams
• 7.1 Introduction to Beams. Types of Beams, loading conditions and
types of reactions
• 7.2 Shear forces and bending moments
• 7.3 Shear Force Diagrams (SFD) and Bending Moment Diagrams (BMD)
Beams subject to concentrated loads, uniformly distributed
loads(UDL), uniformly varying loads (UVL) and couples.

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 Shear force and Bending Moments
• Beams and shafts are important structural and
mechanical elements in engineering.
• Here we will determine the stress in these members
caused by bending and see how to establish the
shear and moment diagrams for a beam or shaft.
• The shear and moment diagrams provide a useful
means for determining the largest shear and moment
in a member, and they specify where these
maximums occur.
• Once the internal moment at a section is
determined, the bending stress can then be
calculated.

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 Shear force and Bending Moments

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Shear Force
The Shear Force at the cross section of the beam may be defined as the unbalanced
vertical force to the right or left of the section.

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BENDING
The process of changing straight rod into curve rod due to external force is known
as bending.

BENDING MOMENT

A bending moment is the reaction induced in a structural element by an

external force or moment is applied to the element causing bend.
Bending moment
The Bending Moment at the cross section of the beam may be defined as the
algebraic sum of the moments of the forces, to the right or left of the section

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 Bending Moment and Shear Force in
Beams
END Topic 7.2

Beams
• 7.1 Introduction to Beams. Types of Beams, loading conditions and
types of reactions
• 7.2 Shear forces and bending moments
• 7.3 Shear Force Diagrams (SFD) and Bending Moment Diagrams (BMD)
Beams subject to concentrated loads, uniformly distributed
loads(UDL), uniformly varying loads (UVL) and couples.

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 Bachelor of Science (Engineering)
BSC103C
Engineering Dynamics and Mechanics
Topic 7.3
Bending Moment and Shear Force in Beams

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 Bending Moment and Shear Force in
Beams
Topic 7.3

Beams
• 7.1 Introduction to Beams. Types of Beams, loading conditions and
types of reactions
• 7.2 Shear forces and bending moments
• 7.3 Shear Force Diagrams (SFD) and Bending Moment Diagrams (BMD)
Beams subject to concentrated loads, uniformly distributed
loads(UDL), uniformly varying loads (UVL) and couples.

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 Important points
• Beams are long straight members that are subjected to
loads perpendicular to their longitudinal axis. They are
classified according to the way they are supported, e.g.,
simply supported, cantilevered, or overhanging.
• In order to properly design a beam, it is important to know
the variation of the internal shear and moment along its
axis in order to find the points where these values are a
maximum.
• Using an established sign convention for positive shear
and moment, the shear and moment in the beam can be
determined as a function of its position x on the beam,
and then these functions can be plotted to form the shear
and moment diagrams.

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Procedure for Analysis
• The shear and moment diagrams for a beam can be constructed using the following
procedure.
• Support Reactions.
• Determine all the reactive forces and couple moments acting on the beam, and
resolve all the forces into components acting perpendicular and parallel to the beam’s
axis.
• Shear and Moment Functions.
• Specify separate coordinates x having an origin at the beam’s left end and extending
to regions of the beam between concentrated forces and/or couple moments, or
where there is no discontinuity of distributed loading.
• Section the beam at each distance x, and draw the free-body diagram of one of the
segments. Be sure V and M are shown acting in their positive sense, in accordance
with the sign convention.
• The shear is obtained by summing forces perpendicular to the beam’s axis.
• To eliminate V , the moment is obtained directly by summing moments about the
sectioned end of the segment.
• Shear and Moment Diagrams.
• Plot the shear diagram ( V versus x ) and the moment diagram ( M versus x ). If
numerical values of the functions describing V and M are positive, the values are
plotted above the x axis, whereas negative values are plotted below the axis.
• Generally it is convenient to show the shear and moment diagrams below the free-
body diagram of the beam.

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 Shear force and Bending Moment DIAGRAMS

Example calculating SF and drawing SFD

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 Shear force and Bending Moment DIAGRAMS

Things to be kept in mind while calculating bending moments:

Units should be in Nm or kNm

Clockwise bending is generally taken as negative (–)

M = Force or Load x Perpendicular distance
ΣM=0

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 SHEAR FORCE AND BENDING MOMENT
FORMULAE
A cantilever beam subjected to point load
Fx= Shear force at X
Mx= Bending Moment at X

Fx=+W

Mx=-Wx
at x=0=> Mx= 0
at x=L=> Mx= -WL

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 SHEAR FORCE AND BENDING MOMENT
FORMULAE
A cantilever beam subjected to U.D.L

Fx= Shear force at X

Mx= Bending Moment at X

Fx=+wx
at x=0 Fx=0
at x=L Fx=wL

Mx=-(total load on right portion) x Distance of C.G of right portion

Mx= -(wx).x/2
=-wx2/2
at x=0=> Mx=0
at x=L=> Mx= -wl2/2

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 SHEAR FORCE AND BENDING MOMENT
FORMULAE
Cantilever with gradually varying load

Fx= Shear force at X

Mx= Bending Moment at X
wx
Fx = 2
2L

at x=0 Fx=0
at x=L Fx=wL/2

Mx=-(total load for length x) x Distance of load from X

wx 3
Mx
6L
at x=0=> Mx= 0
at x=L=> Mx= -wl2/6

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 SHAPE OF BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAMS
Draw the Deflected Shape (exaggerate)
Use the Deflected shape as a guide to where the
sagging (+) and hogging (-) moments are

- -
- -
+ + +

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STANDARD BENDING MOMENT CO-EFFICENTS
FOR SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM
• Use the standard formulae where you can
Total load = W
W (w per metre length)

L
L

Uniformly Distributed Load

Central Point Load
Max bending moment
Max bending moment
= WL/8 or wL2/8
= WL/4
where W = wL

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 STANDARD BENDING MOMENT CO-
EFFICENTS FOR CANTILEVERS
Total load = W
W (w per metre length)

L
L

Uniformly Distributed Load

End point load
Max bending moment
Max bending moment
= -WL/2 or -wL2/2
= -WL
where W = wL

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 SHEAR FORCE AND BENDING MOMENT
DIAGRAM

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 SHEAR FORCE AND BENDING MOMENT
DIAGRAM

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 Formula - SFD & BMD

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Cantilever Beam with UVL

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Simply Supported Beam
with UDL

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 SFD & BMD of Couple

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 Bending Moment and Shear Force in
Beams
END Topic 7.3

Beams
• 7.1 Introduction to Beams. Types of Beams, loading conditions and
types of reactions
• 7.2 Shear forces and bending moments
• 7.3 Shear Force Diagrams (SFD) and Bending Moment Diagrams (BMD)
Beams subject to concentrated loads, uniformly distributed
loads(UDL), uniformly varying loads (UVL) and couples.

www.eit.edu.au