Idealización de estructuras II

Ing. Fabio Merchán, CMSc, Esp.

 Shear loading of closed section beams

• This solution is similar to that for an open beam section

but with 2 differences:
1. Shear loads may be applied through any point in cross
section.
2. At origin of 's', the value of shear flow qs,0 is unknown.

Is the residual shear flow due to making

the closed beam into an open beam
section.

Look at arbitrary closed

beam, with applied
shear forces Sx and Sy
 Remember the same analysis for open beams.

However unlike for open beams, at s = 0, qs0 0, so when integrating we get

𝑛
𝑆𝑦
𝑞𝑠 = − 𝐵𝑟 𝑦𝑟 + 𝑞𝑠,𝑜
𝐼𝑥𝑥
𝑟=1
 From this equation, we have two terms:

First term: is the open beam shear flow, and which can be calculated
either using equation.

We obtain qb by supposing that the closed beam section is ‘cut’ at some

convenient point thereby producing an ‘open’section
Second term: the residual shear flow due to making the closed beam into an open
beam section.

• Now is required, is a way of determining the value of the shear flow

at the point where the beam was cut.

• For this, take into account the next figure:

Look at beam cross section loaded at
some point
Resolving moments
due to applied loads
and shear flow about
a point.
The shear flow term is given by
equation ,

so substituting for q gives

• Look at the area enclosed by the elemental distance
𝜹𝒔 and the point where moments are taken, then:

• Integrating this over the cross section as the

element 𝜹𝒔 → 𝒐, 𝒘𝒆 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆;

• So:
• For this reason, we got;

• If the moment centre is chosen to coincide

with the lines of action of Sx and Sy then:
 Recuerde del curso de resistencia de
materiales……………..
Par de torsión
Circular Simetría respecto a su eje

Deformaciones unitaria cortantes

varían linealmente desde cero en el
centro hasta un momento máximo en la
periferia.

Como la deformación
es uniforme en todo los
puntos sobre el radio.
Sección transversal no se
deforma, sino que permanece
plana después de que la flecha
ha sido torcida.
 Torsión de una barra circular

• Pares de fuerzas T actuando en sus extremos.

• Barra cargada según figura se conoce como torsión pura.

Si el ángulo de Secciones rectas giran

torsión es pequeño, como cuerpos rígidos
no cambiará la alrededor del eje
longitud de la barra longitudinal.
Permanecen rectos
ni tampoco el radio
sus radios y circulares
r.
las propias secciones.
Pero que pasa cuando No son simétricas
la sección transversal con respecto a su
no es circular????? eje.

Distribución de
esfuerzo cortante
complejo.

Sección transversal tiende

a alabearse, cuando la
flecha se tuerce.
• If a shear load is not applied at the shear centre, the
closed beam section will both twist and have an out of
plane axial displacement (warp→warping).

BUT
According to
Shear flow From elasticity the state of
stress that we
saw the last
class…..
• We now need to look at strain relationships. Starting by defining the
three components of displacement at a point on the tube wall.

Beginning with

Axial, tangential and normal

components of displacement of a
point in beam wall.

𝒲 = displacement in the z axis.

vt = tangential displacement, positive
with increasing 's‘.
vn = normal displacement, positive
From elasticity outwards.
remember
𝛿𝑤
𝛿𝑧
• To define Shear strain look at how the element is distorted by shear:

Remember the
concept of shear
strain 𝛾.

• Shear strain is then defined as the addition of the two angles of

rotation of the sides, such that:
• It is now necessary to define the term vt as a function of
displacements u and v ( in x and y axis) and angle of twist of the
section 𝜃.

• But take into account:

Assume that the ribs are

able to hold the cross section rigidly
enough.

So that when it twists it holds its

cross sectional shape.

However the ribs have no strength in a

plane normal to them, allowing the section
to warp or deform in the z axis.
 • So, dear students let me show you the principal
parameters to the evaluation.

Beam cross section rotated by angle 𝜃 ,

showing the rotation of the normal to
surface.

𝜓 = Angle between the tangent to the surface of

the beam's cross section and the x-axis.

The tangential displacement vt of any point N in the

wall of either an open or closed section beam
according to the figure:

Where clearly u, v and θ are

functions of z only.
• Combining all three equations gives:

dx dy
2A0s
 SHEAR CENTRE OF CLOSED BEAM SECTIONS

The position of the shear centre for a beam

loaded as shown in figure can be found by
using this equation.

Remember for the last analysis.

 • In order to determine the shear centre we need to determine qs,0.
From the definition for shear centre, if a shear load is applied here, it
produces no twist, so by using equation:

Replace by

We have

If Gt =constant

Equation 1
 Now its possible to end the last exercises.
• Idealize the box section shown in Figure into an arrangement of
direct stress-carrying booms positioned at the four corners and
panels which are assumed to carry only shear stresses. Consider
bending moments in a vertical plane and Sy is applied to xs distance
from the left web. Calculate the boom areas, determine the next
shear flow:
– 𝑞𝑏,41
– 𝑞𝑏,32
• Hence determine the distance of the shear centre from the left-hand
web. 1 2

Shear load is
applied through
the shear centre.
4 3
 Remember the
general formula.

• Find:
– Ixx, qb12 = qb43 = 0, qb41, qb32.

• But what about the next sentence: “Shear load is

applied through the shear centre”.
– Since the shear load is applied through the shear
centre the rate of twist is zero and qs,0 is given by:

Be carefully cause here t isn´t kte i.e.

qb
t ds
qs,0 = −
ds
t
• Calculate 1 2

4 3

• Calculate 𝑞𝑠,𝑜 , taking into account the

moments around shear centre.

qb
t ds
qs,0 = −
ds
t
• Caution: negative sign indicating that qs,0 acts
in a clockwise sense
• Now calculate 𝑞𝑠 .

– Be carefully, take into account the sense of qb respect qs,o

• Finally to calculate 𝑥𝑠 , Taking moments about the

intersection of the horizontal axis of symmetry and the
left-hand web.

• THAT IS ALL!!!!!