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‫בקרב ילדי גן עם וללא סיכון לקשיי למידה‪ .‬אוניברסיטת תל‪,‬אביב‪.‬‬
‫‪ .4‬עזריה‪ ,‬שרון‪ .(2002) .‬הקשר בין אינטראקציה חברתית של הקריאה‪ ,‬תפיסה של דו‬
‫לשוניות ומודעות פונולוגים אצל ילדים דו לשונים בשלבי תת קריאה‪ .‬אוניברסיטת‬
‫העברית‪.‬‬
‫‪4. M. Behrmann, Micheal. (*99(). Beginning reading and Phonological‬‬
‫‪Awarness For Students With Learning Disabilities. (Dec. *99().‬‬

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