Nadia Devi Pancaranti

5013201014

EXERCISE 1

1. Topic : The first and the last moon landing

Main idea : The first moon landing was an enormous achievement in itself,
while the last moon landing contributed far more to the advancement of scientific knowledge.
Key word in the main idea : while
Pattern : Comparison/ contrast
Supporting facts and ideas :
Signal words and details :
While – the last moon landing contributed far more to the advancement of scientific
knowledge.
However – the last mission spent much more time

2. Topic : Significant impact of the Apollo moon landings

Main idea : The Apollo moon landings have a significant impact on scientific
and technological development in the twentieth century.
Key words in the main idea : Impact
Pattern : Causes and effects
Supporting facts and ideas :
 Causes : moon landings
Effects : computer research, invention of internet
 Signal words and details :
Affected – the apollo moon landing affects the computer research

3. Topic : Limitation to human exploration on the moon

Main idea : In planning for future lunar missions, scientists are faced with one
serious limitation to human exploration on the moon, and that is the lack of water.
Key words in the main idea : faced with
Pattern : Problem and Solution
Supporting facts and ideas :
Problem : avaibility of water
Solution : creates a cloud of vapor and dust

4. Topic : Challenge to travel on the Moon

Main idea : Lunar craters make travel on the Moon’s surface a challenge for
astronauts or robotic lovers.
Key words in the main idea : challenge
Pattern : cause and effect
Supporting facts and ideas :
 Causes : the moon has no atmosphere to protect its sharp mountainous peaks,
Effect : the craters remain unchanged unless another object lands in the same
spot.
  Signal words and detail:
Since – the moon has no atmosphere
Also means – the craters remain unchanged unless another object lands in the same spot.

EXERCISE 2

1. Topic : the first optical telescope

Main idea : The first optical telescope was accidentally invented in the 1600s
by children who put two glass lenses together while playing with them in a Dutch optical shop.
Key words in the main idea : was accidentally invented
Pattern : Sequence
Supporting facts and ideas :
Signal words/phrases :
soon after that – invention of “looker”
in 1608 – unsuccesfully invention sales
the same year – galileo made his own version of the device
in 1610 – galileo used his version to make observations
in april of 1611 – galileo showed his device to guests

2. Topic : Galileo’s telescope

Main idea : When Isaac Newton began using Galileo’s telescope more than
century later, he noticed a problem.
Key words in the main idea : problem
Pattern : Problem and solution
Supporting facts and ideas :
Problem : the image of bright objects appeared with a ring of colors around them
Solution : designing a new type of telescope that used a curved mirror.

3. Topic : Very much larger optical telescope

Main idea : Very much larger optical telescope can now be found in many parts
of the world, built on hills and mountains far from city lights.
Key words in the main idea : Many
Pattern : Listing
Supporting facts and ideas :
Signal words/ phrases :
For example – a reflecting telescope that has lenses that are 40 inches (101) across
Another telescope – huge reflecting telescope with a 200 inches (508 cm) lens
Until an even larger – larger reflecting telescope that has a 237-inch (6m) mirror
A fourth – combined light, each of which is 5.9 feet (1,8 m) in diameter

4. Topic : Radio telescope and optical telescope

Main idea : Radio telescope, like optical telescopes, allow astronomers to
collect data from outer space, but they are different in important ways.
Key words in the main idea : different
Pattern : Compare and contrast
Supporting facts and ideas :
Signal words/ phrases :
 Instead of – instead of light waves, radio telescope collect radio waves.
While – optical telescopes use cameras to take photographs of visible objects while radio
telescopes use radio receivers to record radio waves from distant objects
However – larger is better

EXERCISE 3

1. Pattern: Sequence
Missing sentences: Then he moved the thermometer father to an area next to the red light,
where he could see no light or color

2. Pattern: Problem and solution

Missing sentences: There, far away from the earth’s atmosphere, the telescope could easily
detect infrared light

3. Pattern: Sequence
Missing sentences: Then the guaide star information is transmitted to Hubble’s onboard
computers via satellite

4. Pattern: Comparison/ contrast

Missing sentences: Some radio telescopes are set up in a group called an “array” to increase
their capacity for collecting data from space