TEACHER´S GUIDE

MODULE 2
GRADE 1st BGU Humanity has been shaped by inventions and
LESSON TITLE: TECHNOLOGY AND discoveries, and as we evolve, new things are
BEYOND invented. From the wheel to spaceships, most
inventions do not have a single creator. Many
PAGE 1 of them have been created and recreated over
English and over to become what they are now.
1. Vocabulary for technology and inventions Archaeological evidence shows that the first
2. Past and present perfect expressions humans discovered fire and how to control it,
3. Simple Past and since then it has been an essential part of
4. Present Perfect human activities, rituals, and industry. We
5. Past Perfect could say fire was the first great discovery.
Thousands of years later, the steam engine
Interdisciplinary: was created and caused a great impact. It
6. Science: Scientific inventions and their improved transportation, agriculture, and
impact other industries.
7. Social Studies: History of inventions Figuring out what invention in history is the
8. Language: Analyzing short non-fiction most useful is impossible; all of them have
pieces made humanity what it is.
Answers:
Values: a. ok
9. Importance of immunization b. X Many inventions have been created and
10. Healthcare recreated over and over.
c. X Humans discovered the fire and evidence
shows that they could control it.
PAGE 2 d. ok
COMMUNICATION AND CULTURAL e. X The steam engine impacted humanity
AWARENESS and changed transportation, agriculture, and
Teacher tip: others.
Read the information, discuss and guide Next activity. Answers: may vary.
students to answer the questions.
Answers: may vary. PAGE 4
Extra resources READING
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m- Answers:
u6z9NbQzw 1. c
https://www.youtube.com/watch? 2. a, c
v=uNQ8rmlGC8Q 3. b
Teacher tip:
PAGE 3 Read the information, discuss and guide
ORAL COMMUNICATION students to answer the questions.
Script: Extra resources
Imagine the world without all the things we https://www.youtube.com/watch?
have now. Imagine no medicines, no cars, v=lXMc15dA-vw
television, or forms of communication. We https://www.youtube.com/watch?
may wonder how people in the past survived v=E_PKQ_M7AtU
without all the commodities we have now.
PAGE 5

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WRITING This topic might become very interesting for

Teacher tip: the students. Explore the festivities and
Explain the use and the structure of Present traditions related to the sun, moon, and stars.
Perfect and Past Perfect by using examples Extra resources
from previous passages. https://www.youtube.com/watch?
Guide students to complete the paragraph and v=yzOxXO2sPT0
give appropriate feedback.
Answers: PAGE 9
1. has become ORAL COMUNICATION
2. had written Script:
3. had been able People across cultures were always curious
4. had worked about the stars, planets, moon, and the sun.
5. has had this interest led many inventors, scientists or
6. have bought even common people to build something that
Extra resources would help the see what is beyond the sky.
https://www.youtube.com/watch? The telescope as we know has passed through
v=OE1F54VCdqc massive transformation since it was first
patented in 1608. However, that telescope
PAGE 6 was invented to see long distances. Galileo
LANGUAGE THROUGH THE ARTS constructed his own telescope and used it to
Teacher tip: see the moon and its craters as well as the
Let students develop their creativity. Milky Way. He was the first to see the rings
It is extremely important that they watch the of Saturn and some Jupiter moons. Another
suggested video in order to do the requested famous scientist who made other significant
activity. contributions to telescope development was
https://www.youtube.com/watch? Johannes Kepler.
v=gXucEPZ9srs Christian Huygens built he most powerful
Talk about real situation in your community and colossal telescope of his time in 1655
to identify a necessity and create something which could be used to see and study the
useful. solar system with detail. Next, Isaac Newton
Extra resources built the first reflecting telescope which was
https://www.youtube.com/watch? smaller and more portable with the same
v=ZKzRHoazrcg power. By 1789 the first 6-meter long giant
telescope was built for astronomical
PAGE 7 observation he could see Uranus and its
ORAL COMMUNICATION moons. As technology and investigations
Teacher tip: advanced, telescopes were improved and
Discuss and guide students to write the made possible to see more in the space. By
answers. 1845 M51 nebula, a giant spiral cloud of dust
Ask them about other inventions that are and gas, was discovered. Radio telescopes
useful. appeared on the scene the images were much
PAGE 8 more clearer and meteors could be seen.
COMMUNICATION AND CULTURAL Finally, the most powerful telescopes, Space
AWARENESS telescopes, such as the Hubble. It made
possible see incredible images from far
Answers: may vary. space. Hubble is going to be replaced soon
Teacher tip: by the James Webb Space telescope.
Answers: Writing may vary.

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a. T When did man visit outer space?

b. F The telescope has passed through By the end of 1950’s, during the Cold War,
massive changes since it was first invented. the Soviet Union had moved ahead in the
c. F It was invented to see long distances. space race after sending Sputnik I, II, and III,
and sending the first man to outer space. Not
d. F He was the first to see Saturn rigns. having sent any man to space was a real
e. F He built the most powerful telescope of concern for the United States, because
his time. President J.F. Kennedy thought that the
advantage that the Soviet Union had would
f. T
threaten national security.
g. F 1845 M51 nebula is a giant spiral cloud After successfully launching the satellite
of dust and gas. Explorer 1 in January of 1958, US President
h. T Eisenhower ordered the creation of the
National Aeronautics and Space
i. F Giant telescopes were invented before
Administration (NASA for short).
radio telescope.
In 1961, Kennedy sent a message to the
j. T nation claiming that they would land a man
PAGE 10 on the moon before the end of that decade.
READING Apollo 11 was launched on July 16, 1969,
Teacher tip: manned by Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin,
This topic may become very interesting for and Michael Collins. Four days later the
the students. They might want to do further Lunar Module with Armstrong and Aldrin
investigation about the topic. landed on the moon. Neil Armstrong became
Ask them to answer the questions using the first human to step on the moon. Aldrin
complete sentences. and he walked around for some time. They
Answers: may vary. put the U.S. flag and left a message. They all
Extra resources returned safely to Earth.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=- https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-
8ThE479bNY 4/stories/first-person-on-moon.html
https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/25162945.pd
PAGE 11 f?refreqid=excelsior
WRITING %3A0b0b7293c9cf1bb1d8e6fa86bcd8e487
Teacher tip:
Work the process on the board to guide Teacher tip:
students and give appropriate feedback. This topic might become very interesting for
Use a writing rubric. the students. You may want to watch some
additional videos or look for some additional
PAGE 12 information.
LANGUAGE THROUGH THE ARTS This link may be useful:
Teacher tip: https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-
You might want to find some videos related 4/stories/first-person-on-moon.html
to Laika’s story and show students before
analyzing the poem.
Try to write a poem about a beloved pet. PAGES 14 AND 15
ASSESSMENT
PAGE 13 Script:
ORAL COMMUNCATION Astronaut’s life: Story Musgrave Story
Script: Musgrave was born in 1935 on a dairy farm

3

in Stockbridge, Massachusetts. He never
finished school. He went to Korea with the
U.S. Marines where he was an aircraft
electrician and an engine mechanic. He
started flying with the Marines and over the
next 55 years accumulated 18,000 hours in
over 160 aircraft. He is a parachutist. He has
degrees in math, computers, chemistry,
medicine, physiology, literature, and
psychology. Story was a NASA astronaut for
over 30 years and flew on six spaceflights.
He was the lead spacewalker on the Hubble
Telescope repair mission. Today he operates
a palm farm in Orlando, FL. He is also a
landscape architect, a concept artist, an
innovator, and a professor of design. He has
a beautiful family.
Taken and adapted from: https://n9.cl/yujn
Answers:
1.He never went to space. 2. He has been the
pilot of many aircrafts. 3. Lived in Europe.
READING
Answers:
1.c
2.a, c
PAGE 16
PROJECT
Find open spaces to try your rocket.
Discuss the use and function.
Try to work on the project in groups.
PAGE 18
COMMUNICATION AND CULTURAL
AWARENESS
Teacher tip:
Read the information, discuss and guide
students to answer the questions.
Answers: may vary.
Ask students to report in class what their
grandparents or older people from their
communities say about long distance
communication in the past.
PAGE 19
ORAL COMMUNICATION
Script:
4
Mazateco natives in Oaxaca, Mexico use
whistles to communicate. As intriguing as it
sounds, they can use many different tones of
whistles to communicate. They are exactly
the same as spoken language. They also use
whistles as signals to animals. Something
really interesting about this language is that
only men whistle and communicate through
it, women understand what they say but do
not do it. This language can be used in long
distances as well as face to face
communication.
https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/410362.pdf?
casa_token=W-
iLiwEnei4AAAAA:jpnwD6naOf1Ks4y9Wk
VrhEBWpugGrb-l3Ez2lw0WgcoWva-
mc9CeZ5RRcVQX7L8FBHUbfWNoT_1mE
-
_BYm6MHPMrTHTqPuz1Fz003kjeYOX2b
H5QQyKyIw
Smoke signals were used for many cultures,
including native tribes in North America.
They were used to send quick visual
messages over long distances. Natives used a
wet blanket to cover the fires and produce
black smoke that could be seen from far
away.
https://www.warpaths2peacepipes.com/native
-american-culture/smoke-signals.htm
Answers:
1. c
2. a
Next activity. Answers: may vary.
Suggested resources: Try to make students
see these videos.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=6eliANcZdkw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=PgEmSb0cKBg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=cHsTWNp7JvI
PAGE 20
READING
Answers:
1. c
4

2. a, c
3. b
Teacher tip:
Before reading: Tell students about sending
cards and using the postal service.
Read the information, discuss and guide
students to answer the questions.
Extra resources
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6z-
PGHeMQ88
PAGE 21
WRITING
Teacher tip:
Here you have extra information about the
Telegraph that can be used as an extra or
homework activity as well as an evaluation.
Use the following verbs to complete the
paragraph:
had discovered / had developed/ had
created / had design/ had invented / had been
The Telegraph
It is a device that allows the transmission of
information by coded electrical signals over a
wire laid between stations. At the beginning
of 19th century, a group of inventors first in
England and then in United Stated created the
Telegraph. The name comes from the Greek:
Tele=distant and graphein=to write. Some
inventors __________________ and used
visual telegraphs before the electric telegraph.
By 1840, Samuel F.F. Morse
_______________ a single circuit telegraph
and ________________ a code that assigned
a set of dots and dashes to letters of the
English alphabet.
The creation of the telegraph was possible
thanks to two previous inventions and
discoveries. The first telegraphs developed
because Alessandro Volta _______________
the voltaic cell that made possible to power
electric devices. Some other inventors
____________________ and refined
electromagnetism that made possible to
design practical devices such as the electric
telegraph.
5
In 1844, Morse sent his first telegraph
message from Washington, D.C., to
Baltimore. By 1866, a telegraph line
_____________ laid across the Atlantic
Ocean to communicate United States and
Europe. The telegraph era lasted for more
than 100 years.
https://www.britannica.com/technology/telegr
aph
https://www.thoughtco.com/the-history-of-
the-electric-telegraph-and-telegraphy-
1992542
https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/tel
egraph
Review the use and structure of the Past
Perfect by using examples from previous
passages.
Have them work in groups to complete the
activity and give feedback.
Ask them to write sentences about things in
the past.
PAGE 22
LANGUAGE THROUGH THE ARTS
Teacher tip:
Let students develop their creativity.
Use coevaluation.
PAGE 23
ORAL COMMUNICATION
Script:
Hello!
Hi it’s me!
Hey! So, are you coming with us to the
movies?
Yeah…
Can you imagine the world nowadays without
being able to talk to your family or friends
and ask how they are doing or if someone is
going to a party with you?
Well, this wonderful means of communication
was created in the decade of 1870. Alexander
Graham Bell is credited for inventing the
telephone in 1876 but others claimed that the
first inventor was the Italian Antonio Meucci
in 1871. After the invention of telegraph,
Bell wanted to turn electricity into sound. The
first time he made a phone call was in March
5

10th, 1876 to his assistant who was in the
next room and said: “Mister Watson, come
here, I want to see you”.
Two years later, after he showed the
telephone to the Queen Victoria in England
and had a short conversation. Then the
Queen bought two devices that are still
connected. At the beginning, phone calls did
not connect automatically, it was necessary
to have “operators” mostly ladies that
connect calls and gave required information.
The first automatic calls started by 1912 but
most communication did not become
automatic until the end of 1970’s, even long-
distance calls. Now the telephone has become
the device most widely used in the world for
communication.
https://www.britannica.com/technology/telep
hone/Development-of-the-telephone-
instrument
https://www.bbc.com/timelines/zfyfy4j#zdpp
ng8
Teacher tip:
Discuss and guide students to write the
answers.
Ask them about other inventions that are
useful.
Answers:
1. T He is credited for the invention but
Meucci claimed that he created it first.
2. F The telegraph was invented first.
3. T
4. F The first call was to his assistant on the
other room.
5. F Most operators were mostly ladies.
6. F Calls were not automatic and operators
were necessary to connect calls.
Extra resources
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=j3RbnsHTuVw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=TrLObtDvsa8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=qWUP9EigdjY
6
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=s9aThqUnGO0
PAGE 24
COMMUNICATION AND CULTURAL
AWARENESS
Teacher tip:
Look at the picture and discuss the impact of
technology on culture.
Answers:
1. b
2. b
Extra resources
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=KPQPsdxpXuM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uk_vV-
JRZ6E
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=JJ0nFD19eT8
PAGE 25
ORAL COMUNICATION
Script:
Great-grandfather: How everything has
changed in the last years…. I still remember
the first time a saw a television.
Teenager: Really? Grandpa!! Didn’t you
have a TV when you were a child? What did
you do then?
Great-grandfather: Well my darling, we used
to have many friends in our neighborhood
and played on the street all day long and
even created our own toys.
Teenager: ooh that sounds nice, grandpa…
and when was the first time you saw a tv?
How was it? Do you know how it was
invented?
Great-grandfather: I was totally astonished
when I first saw a TV, I couldn’t believe all
those images moving…. Let me tell you some
facts about the TV.
Believe it or not a 21-year-old inventor
named Farnsworth invented the first
electronic television and the first
transmission was a line and then a dollar
sign. Before that, the only televisions were
mechanical. With appearance of tv, the first
TV station appeared in United States and
6

there is one called WRGB which has been
operating continuously since 1926.
Televisions were first produced and released
commercially in 1938. Programs were
commercial-free until July, 1941 when the
first commercial appeared. At the very
beginning tv’s didn’t have remote control or
color they were all black and white. Color
Tv’s were sold in 1954 and the first remote
control appeared in 1955. Although color
televisions were sold not all programs were
recorded in color until 1966.
Teenager: That’s incredible grandpa and
now we have online television and flats
screens. I read that the first time a flat screen
was introduced was in 2005.
Great-grandfather: Yes, my darling…
everything changes as time passes by… let´s
see if traditional tv survives in the future…
https://bebusinessed.com/history/history-of-
the-television/
The script is going to help you complete the
requested information.
Answers: Writing may vary.
Highlight the correct statements:
The first televisions were mechanical.
WRGB TV station has been operating
continuously since 1926.
At the beginning, programs were
commercial-free.
PAGE 26
READING
Teacher tip:
You could start the class asking students if
they know what their cellphones, computers,
tv have in common. Then, explain that this
invention has not been enough appreciated
despite it allowed technology to develop.
Answers:
1. F Televisions first worked with vacuum
tubes.
2. T
3. F He tried but could not make it work. His
friends helped him make one that worked.
4. T
7
5. F the first company to use transistors was
Texas Instruments.
Extra resources
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=OwS9aTE2Go4
PAGE 27
WRITING
Teacher tip:
Work the process on the board to guide
students and give appropriate feedback.
Use a writing rubric. Useful expressions are
given so teachers can guide the students.
PAGE 28
LANGUAGE THROUGH THE ARTS
Teacher tip:
You might want to ask students to choose one
model and do it all students together or do it
in small groups. Make sure that you talk
about the programs.
PAGE 29
ORAL COMMUNCATION
Script:
How many of you have a cellphone now?
How many are working in your computer
while I am talking? Do you imagine life
without them? They are a vital part in our
everyday activities. Technology has deeply
changed the world through the use of cell
phones and computers. They have completely
revolutionized today’s society. Life is easier
now than when technology was less
advanced.
Most people have a cell phone or computer
that gives them access to text, call, take
photos or videos, download music, use
internet, etc. Cell phones allow us immediate
contact with society. Any piece of information
is just a “google” away and we can
communicate with everyone at every moment.
However, have you ever heard… technology
helps you be closer to those far away but you
are far away from those that are close? It
seems that the biggest problem we are having
with all wonderful advances in technology in
the tendency to isolate people, overall
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children and adolescents. Social networks Cellphones are a kind of computers that we
have made kids and teenagers dependent on all carry in in our pockets.
other’s opinions and even worse, some Answers:
strange people can contact them which can Decide if each statement is True (T) or False
be extremely dangerous. So, for the next class (F).
you are going to investigate the effects of a. T
overusing internet and social networks…. b. F Computers have changed a lot since they
https://www.cram.com/essay/cell-phones- were first created.
and-computers-have-changed- c. T
the/FK7EQ33XC d. F It says they used vacuum tubes.
e. F Vacuum tubes did not make computers
Teacher tip: faster, transistors did.
This topic is very important for students’ f. F They were not accurate.
reflexion. Try to encourage class discussion. g. T
h. F They were huge.
i. T
PAGES 27 AND 28 j. T
ASSESSMENT 2.a, c
Script:
Computers are part of our everyday lives and PAGE 32
we use them to make difficult tasks for us PROJECT
more quickly than our brains. These This is a very important project that must be
wonderful devices have passed through many done in order to guide teenagers through the
steps until becoming what they are now. The correct and safe use of social networks.
first programmable computer was designed Try to follow all the steps and present the
in the early 19th century and was a mechanic project to other groups.
calculator used for navigational calculations.
The same inventor, Charles Babbage realized
that he could use the system for more general
purposes and designed the first analytical
engine which had the same parts and
components of a modern computer.

Many different computers were created since

the first model but none of them were really
accurate in calculations as modern
computers are.
All electric computers of that time used
vacuum tubes and were very big. During
World War II Germans used a computer to
code messages.
As time had passed by some other models
were created until transistors were invented
in 1947. This led to the creation of integrated
circuits and then microprocessor which
caused the shrinking of computers and
eventually they got the size we have now.

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