COURSE:

GENERAL METHODS OF TEACHING

TOPIC:

PROJECT METHOD OF TEACHING

PRESENTED BY:

MURTAZA AHMAD(BSF2002716)
HAMMAD KHALID(BSF2003175)
PROJECT METHOD
The project method is introduced
by Sir (WILLIAM KILPARTRICK).
Project method is one of the
modern method of teaching. In
this method students learn to
work individually or in a group to
achieve learning objectives. This
method is based on ‘learning by
doing’. In this method a problem
is imposed on students & they find solution for
it.

DEFINITION
According to (WILLIAM KILPARTRICK):
A project method is a whole hearted,
purposeful activity proceeding in a social
environment.
CONCEPT OF PRAGMATISM
The term pragmatism drives from a
greek word ‘pragma’ which means
work, activity or practice. Its main
proponents were Charles Sanders
Peirce, William James and John
Dewey (all members of The
Metaphysical Club).
This philosophy encourages people
to find processes that work in order to achieve
their desired ends.

CHARACTERISTICS OF PROJECT
METHOD

 It takes the student beyond the walls of

the class room. It is carried out in a natural
 setting, thus making learning realistic and
experiential.
 It encourages learning and solution of
practical problems.
 It is focused on the student as it enlists
his/her active involvement in the task set.
 It promotes a better knowledge of the
practical aspects of knowledge gained from
books.
 It enhances the student’s social skills, as
it requires interaction with the social
environment.
 It encourages the spirit of research in
the student.
TYPES OF PROJECT METHOD

 Individual project Method

 Group project Method
  Simple project Method
 Complex project Method

:Individual project Method:

In individual project method each student solve

problem according to his own interest,
capacity, attitude and needs.

:Group Project Method:

In this project method the problem is solved by

the group of pupil in the class. So, the social,
citizenship qualities are develop.

:Simple Project Method:

In the simple project method the students are

completing only one work at a time. It gives the
 deep information about the project in a one
angle. The students get deeper and broader
knowledge about the problem.

:Complex Project Method:

In the complex project method the students are

carried out more than one work at a time. They
are focuses on the work in various subject and
angles. So, the students get the knowledge
about the work in various activities and
dimensions.

STEPS OF Creating a project method

 Creating a Situation
 Selection of Problem
 Planning
 Execution
  Evaluation
 Reporting &Recording

:Creating Situation:

In the first step teacher creates the proper

situation to the students in the class. He puts
up the knowledge about the project method
procedure, steps, and uses to the students. A
project should arise out of a need felt by
students and it should never be forced on
them. It should be purposeful and significant.

:Selection of Problem:

The teacher helps the students to select the

problem and guide them. Students are having
freedom to choose the topic or problem based
on their interest and ability. Such as school
 tasks are to be as real and as purposeful and
they are of such a nature that the student is
genuinely eager to carry them out in order to
achieve a desirable and clearly realized aim.
:Planning:

The teacher discuss with the students about

the problem in various angles and points. After
the free expression of the students’ opinion
about the problem, the teacher writes down
the whole programme of action stepwise on
the blackboard. In the process of planning
teacher has to act only as a guide and should
give suggestions at times but actual planning be
left to the students.

:Execution:

The students are stating their work in this step.

They are collecting the relevant information
 and materials at first. The teacher should give
the time and right to the students according to
their own speed, interest and ability. During
this step the teacher should carefully supervise
the pupils. Teacher should constantly checkup
the relation between the plans and the
developing project
:Evaluation:

Evaluation of the project should be done both

by the pupils and the teachers. They determine
whether the objects are achieved or not. After
that they criticize and express their feeling
about the task freely. The evaluation of the
project has to be done in the light of plans &
difficulties.

:Reporting & Recording:

It is the last step of the project method in which

each and every step of the work are reported.
The reported things are recorded in a certain
order in a book form. It should include the plan
and its discussion, duties allotted to different
students and how far they were carried out by
them. The book formatted report is submitted
to the teacher at the end.

ROLE OF TEACHER

 philosopher.
 The teacher is not a dictator or a
commander but a friend, guide and a
working partner.
 He encourages his students to work
collectively, and co-operatively.
 He also helps his students to avoid
mistakes.
 He makes it a point that each member
of the group contributed something to the
completion of the project.
 If the students face failure during
execution of some steps of the project the
teacher should not execute any portion of
the project but should suggest them some
better methods of techniques.
 In project method of teaching the role
of a teacher is that of a guide, friend and
 MERITS

 As students get proper freedom to

execute the project in accordance with their
interest and abilities, because of which they
get their psychological needs.
 This method is not only subject
centered, but importance is being provided
to the students also.
 Through this method, students are
provided with various opportunities by
which they can satisfy their interests and
desires.
 Habit of critical thinking gets developed
among the students through this method.
 DEMERITS

 This method takes a lot of time to plan

and execute a single project.
 It is not possible to design different
projects for different topics and it is also not
possible to cover all the topics or content in
a single project.
 For proper execution of a project, large
number of financial resources are required.
 Such method can only be prove
successful if the teacher is highly
knowledgeable & alert.
 It is very costly and time consuming
strategy of teaching.
 ANY QUESTION!

THANK YOU !