MODULE 2 ENHANCEMENT QUESTION/S

1. What are the cause of abnormal urine color and clarity?

Abnormal urine color may be caused by presence of the abnormal pigment bilirubin, blood, melanin or
homogentisic acid, bacterial infections, urinary tract infection, or intestinal tract infections. On the other
hand, abnormal urine clarity may be caused by presence of squamous epithelial cells and mucus,
infection or a systemic organ disorder.

2. Give the common terminology used to report urine color and clarity.

Some of the terminologies used to report urine color are Colorless, Pale yellow, Dark yellow, Orange-
yellow, Yellow-green, Green, Blue-green, Pink, Red. For urine clarity, some of the common terminologies
used to report it are Clear, Hazy, Cloudy, Turbid, and Milky.

3. What medications will produce the following urine colors? Mention three for each.

 Yellow-Amber-Orange

- Phenazopyridine (Pyridium)
- Phenindione
- Sulfasalazine

 Pink to Red

- Rifampin
- Phenazopyridine
- Laxatives containing senna

 Brown-Black

- Phenol derivatives
- Argyrol (antiseptic)
- Methyldopa or levodopa

 Blue-Green

- Amitriptyline
- Methocarbamol (Robaxin)
- Phenol