Framing (Shear) Connections Connection Types

Structural Steel Design According
to the 2005 AISC Specification
FRAMING (SHEAR) CONNECTIONS CONNECTION TYPES

Type I, FR Moment Connection
• Shear End-Plate
M = 0.9M F
• Double Angles
Typical Beam Line
• Single Angle
Moment, M
Type III, PR Moment Connection • Shear Tab or Single Plate

M = 0.5M F
• Tee
Type II, Simple Shear
• Seated – Unstiffened and Stiffened
M = 0.2M F Connection
Framing
Connections
Rotation, θ
489 490
SHEAR END-PLATE
1 1/4" Minimum
Edge Distance
Advantages:
• Simple – Few Parts End Plate
• No Holes in Beam Note: End Plate Thickness Range is 1/4" to 3/8"
Disadvantages:
• Requires Beam to be Cut to Exact
Length
491 492
CIMEPI - August 2007

Instructor: Thomas Murray, Ph.D., P.E.
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
DOUBLE ANGLES
Horizontal short slots
may be used in angles
Advantages:
• Beam Length
can Vary 2 Angles
• Weld or Bolt to Beam

Disadvantages:
• Double Sided Connections into Column
Webs are an Erection Problem
493 494
DOUBLE ANGLES
2 Angles
495 496

DOUBLE ANGLES
2 Angles
497 498
DOUBLE ANGLES
SINGLE ANGLE
Return
@ Top
Advantages:
2 Angles • Eliminates Erection
Problem
• Fewer Parts
Return
@ Top
Disadvantages:
• Larger Angle Required Bolted and Welded Alternatives
• Larger Bolts or Weld
Comment:
• Not recommended for laterally unbraced
Double Angle Knife Connection
beams.
499 500

SHEAR TAB or SINGLE PLATE
Advantages: Single Plate
• Simple – Few Parts

• No Welding on Beam
Disadvantages:
• Stiffer than Other Types
• Requires Careful Design
Comments:
• Two design models available, with very
different results.
501 502
TEE CONNECTION Min. Clearance

"k" Distance + 1/4"
Advantages:
• One Sided
Disadvantages: Return
@ Top
• Tee can be Heavy Tee

Concrete Wall
• Stiffer than Other Types except Shear Tab

Comment:
• Primarily used to connect to concrete wall or
existing construction
503 504

UNSTIFFENED SEATED CONNECTION STIFFENED SEATED CONNECTION

Advantages: Advantages: 4" Stabilizer
Clip
• Few Parts 4" Stabilizer

Clip • Few Parts 2"
• Few Bolts 2"

• Few Bolts Alternate
Clip Position
Disadvantages: Alternate
Clip Position Disadvantages:
Seat Plate
• Requires Stability • Requires Stability Stiffener

Optional
Angle Return
@ Top
Angle Trim Lines
Seat Angle
• Limited strength • Introduces a Column Web Limit State
Comment: Comment:
• Commonly used to connect to the web of a • Commonly used to connect to the web of a
column. column.
505 506
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
• Where is the pin?
507 508

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
• Where is the pin?

Answer: At the most flexible side of the
connection.
509 510

• Ductility Considerations
• Beam Length Tolerance +/- 1/4 in.
– Angle thickness < 5/8 in.
– Wide gage To accommodate:
– Wide vertical weld spacing Setbacks in calculations are usually 1/2 in.
End edge distances are taken 1/4 in. less

than detailed.
511 512

• Beam Length Tolerance • Beam Length Tolerance
minus 1/4"
1/2" setback
513 514

• Effective Weld Length • Effective Weld Length because of Welding
“in the air”.
When a weld terminates in the “air”, the
dimensioned weld length is reduced by the
weld size for calculations. Shear
Lw
End-Plate Leff = Lw – 2 tw
515 516

NEW LIMIT STATES Block Shear in Coped Beams

• Block Shear in Coped Beams
- Bolted at Web
- Welded at Web
• Coped Beam Flexural Strength
517 518
Block Shear in Coped Beams Single Coped Beam

AISCS Section J4.3
Block Shear Strength
f = 0.75
Rn = 0.6FuAnv+UbsFuAnt
< 0.6FyAgv +Ubs FuAnt
Ubs = 1.0 when tensions stress uniform; 0.5
otherwise
Shear Yield
Rn = min Shear Rupture + Ubs FuAnt
See 13th Ed. Manual pp. 6-8 to 6-9
519 520

Double Coped Beam Coped Beam Flexural Strength
Mu = Ru e < φb Mn
Flexural Yielding
φb Mn = 0.90 Fy Snet
Snet = net section modulus
Local Web Buckling

φbMn = φb Fcr Snet
See 13th Ed. Manual pp. 6-8 to 6-9
521 522
Coped Beam Flexural Strength Coped Beam Flexural Strength

For Single Cope
For Double Cope
Limitations: c < 2 d
Limitations: c < 2 d
dc < d / 2
dct < 0.2 d
Fcr = 26,210 (tw / ho)2 f k < Fy dcb < 0.2 d
f = 2 (c / d) for c / d < 1.0
f = 1 + (c / d) for c / d > 1.0 Fbc = 0.62πE [tw2 / (c ho)] fd < Fy
k = 2.2 (ho / c)1.65 for c / ho < 1.0 fd = 3.5 – 7.5 (dc / d)
k = 2.2 (ho / c) for c / ho > 1.0 dc = cope depth at compression flange
523 524

Coped Beam Flexural Strength Coped Beam Flexural Strength Example
Example: Determine if Adequate. W14x30

1" d = 13.8 in. tw = 0.270 in.
2 bf = 6.73 in. tf = 0.385 in.
8" 3" ho = 13.8 – 3.0 = 10.8 in.
Snet: y = 3.00 in. from bottom
I = 64.77 in4
A992 Steel
Vu = 40 k Snet = 8.30 in3
W14x30
525 526
Coped Beam Flexural Strength Example Coped Beam Flexural Strength Example
1"
Fcr = 26,210 (tw / ho)2 f k < Fy fMn = φ Fy Snet 2

8" 3"
= 0.9 x 50 x 8.30
c / d = 8.0 / 13.8 = 0.580 < 1.0 = 374 in.- kips
Vu = 40 k
f = 2 (c / d) = 2 x 0.580 = 1.16 W14x30
c / ho = 8.0 / 10.8 = 0.740 < 1.0

k = 2.2 (ho / c)1.65 = 2.2 (10.8 / 8.0)1.65 = 3.61 Mu = Vu e = 40.0 (8.5)
= 340 in.- kips < 374 in.- kips
Fcr= 26,210 (0.270 / 10.8)2 (1.16) (3.61)
Adequate
= 68.6 ksi > Fy = 50 ksi
527 528

SHEAR END-PLATES Shear End-Plate Limit States

1 1/4" Minimum
Edge Distance Beam:
Beam Gross Shear
Coped Beam Flexural Strength
Web Strength at Weld
Weld:
End Plate Weld Rupture
Note: End Plate Thickness Range is 1/4" to 3/8"

529 530
Shear End-Plate Limit States Shear End-Plate Example

Plate:
32 11 23 Determine f Vn.
1. Gross Shear
3/4” A325-N Bolts, E70XX
2. Net Shear
8"
3. Block Shear 3"
4, 5 31
2"
4. Bearing and Tear Out
114"
Bolts:
2@3"
5. Bolt Shear 3 3 φVn W14x30
114" A992
Girder or Column:
2 11 2
PL 1/4 x 6 x 0'-8 1/2"
Bearing and Tear Out A36 3/16
531 532

Shear End-Plate Example Shear End-Plate Example
W14x30 Fy = 50 ksi Fu = 65 ksi Coped Beam Flexural Strength

d = 13.8 in. tw = 0.27 in. From previous example
Beam Limit States fMn = 374 in.- kips
Beam Shear Yielding with e = cope length + plate thickness
fVn = 1.0 (0.6 Fy) d tw = 8.0 + 0.25 = 8.25 in.
= 1.0 (0.6 x 50) (10.84) (0.27)
f Vn = 374 / 8.25 = 45.3 k
= 87.5 k
533 534
Beam Web Strength at Weld Weld Limit State

Plate L = 8.5 in. - 3/16 in. Fillet Weld
tweld = 3/16 in. Minimum Weld Size 3/16 in. OK
fVn = 1.0 (0.6 Fy) (L- 2 tweld) tw fVn = (D x 1.392) (L- 2 tweld)
= 1.0 (0.6 x 50) [8.5 – (2 x 3/16)] (0.27) = (2 x 3 x 1.392) [8.5 – (2 x 3/16)]
= 65.8 k = 67.9 k
(Shear rupture will not control.)
535 536

Shear End-Plate Example

Shear End-Plate Example
Plate Limit States:
tp = 1/4 in. 3 2" Plate Net Shear
3 12 "
A36 Steel dh´ = 3/4 + 1/16 + 1/16 = 7/8 in.
114"
Fy = 36 ksi An = (8.5- 3 x 7/8) (1/4)(2) 11
2@3" 2
4"
Fu = 58 ksi = 2.94 in. 2@3"
11
4"
Plate Shear Yielding
fVn = 0.75 (0.6 Fu) (An) 114"
fVn = 1.0 (0.6 Fy) (2 L tp) 6"
= 0.75 (0.6 x 58) (2.94) 6"
= 1.0 (0.6 x 36) (2 x 8.5 x 1/4)
= 76.7 k
= 91.8 k
537 538

1
14 "
114 " Plate Block Shear
Plate Block Shear - Shear Yielding
PL 1/4 x 6 x 0’-8 1/2” 3"
3" 0.6FyAgv = (0.6x36)(2x0.25x7.25)
3"
3" = 78.3 k
- Shear Rupture 114 "
114 "
0.6FuAnv = (0.6 x 58) (7.25 – 2.5 x 7/8) (2 x 1/4)
Shear Yield = 88.1 k
Shear Yielding Controls
539 540

Plate Block Shear

114 "
Plate Block Shear Shear Yield
3"
-Tension Rupture 3"
78.3
= + 1.0 x 23.6 = 101.9 k
114" min 88.1
Fu Ant = 58(1.25 - 0.5 x 7/8)(2 x 1/4)
= 23.6 k φVn = 0.75 x 101.9 = 76.4 k
541 542
Plate Bearing / Tear Out

Plate Bearing / Tear Out 3 12"
Brg: 2.4 Fu db t = (2.4 x 58) (3/4 x 1/4)
114"
= 26.1 k
φVn = φ ( 2 x Edge + 4 x Other) 2@3"
Edge: 1.2 Fu Lc t = (1.2 x 58) (1.25 – 13/32) (1/4) = 0.75 (2 x 13.6 + 4 x 26.1) 11
4"
= 13.6 k < 26.1 k = 98.7 k
Other: 1.2 Fu Lc t = (1.2 x 58) (3 – 13/16) (1/4)

= 38.1 k > 26.1 k
543 544

8"
Bolt Rupture 3"
3 12"
A325-N Fv = 48 ksi 31
2"
11
4"
114" 2@3"
φVn = 0.75 Fv ΣAb φVn W14x30
2@3" 114" A992
= 0.75 (48) (6 x 0.4418) 114"
PL 1/4 x 6 x 0'-8 1/2"
= 6 x 15.9 A36 3/16
= 95.4 k Coped Beam Flexural Strength Controls
φVn = 45.3 k
545 546
DOUBLE ANGLE
Welded / Bolted Double Angles
CONNECTIONS
Welded / Bolted Assumption:
Horizontal short slots
Pin is at face of supporting element
may be used in angles
Beam web weld is

subjected to shear plus
torsion
2 Angles 2 Angles
547 548

Welded / Bolted Double Angles Welded / Bolted Double Angles

Possible Limit States
Angles:
Beam:
Gross Shear
Shear Yielding
Net Shear
Coped Beam Flexural Strength
Block Shear
Block Shear
Bearing / Tear Out
Web Strength at Weld
Angle Strength at Weld
Weld:
Weld Rupture Due to Shear Plus Bolt:
Torsion Shear Rupture
549 550
Welded / Bolted Double Angles Example

Welded / Bolted Double Angles
Example: Determine φ Vn for the limit 1" 2"
2
states of: 11
4"
1. Beam Web Block Shear
3" 1" W14x30 A992
2. Weld Rupture due to Shear Plus 3" 4
tw = 0.27 in.
Torsion
3. Beam Web Strength at Weld 11
4"
2L 3 x 3 x 5/16 x 0'-8 1/2” A36
551 552

Welded / Bolted Double Angles Example Welded / Bolted Double Angles Example
1. Beam Web Block Shear Tension Rupture

Shear Rupture Shear Area Fu Ant = (65) (3 - 1/2 - 1/4) (0.27)
Never controls when angles = 39.5 k
are welded to the beam web.
Tension area
Shear Yielding φVn = 0.75 (min shear + Ubs tension rupture)
0.6 Fy Ang = 0.6 (50) (8.75 x 0.27) = 0.75 (70.9 + 39.5) = 82.8 k
= 70.9 k
Fy Agt = (50) (3- 1/2- 1/4) (0.27)
= 30.4 k < 39.5 k (Tension Yield Controls)
553 554
Welded / Bolted Double Angles Example Welded / Bolted Double Angles Example
2. Weld Rupture Due to Shear Plus Torsion 2. Weld Rupture Due to Shear Plus
e x = aL Torsion
Dimensions φVn = φC C1 D L
from Table 8-42
φV n
c.g. L k, xl, a, etc. Where: φ = 0.75
C = effective weld coefficient
xL φ Vn = C C1 D L C1 = Fu of weld metal / 70
kL D = number of 1/16 ths
555 556

Welded / Bolted Double Angles Example Table 8-8
-2 L3x3x5/16
k = (3
- 0.5
- 0.25)/ 8.5 = 0.26 e x = aL
x = 0.0465
xl = 0.0465 x 8.5 = 0.40 in.

c.g.
φV n L
a = (3.0 – 0.40) / 8.5 = 0.31
xL
kL
557 558
Using Table 8-8 e x = aL

C = 2.62
C1 = 1.0
D=3 c.g.
φV n L
φVn = φC C1 D L
xL
= (0.75)(2.62) (1.0) (2 x 3) (8.5)
kL
= 100.2 k
559 560

3. Beam Web Strength at Weld
1.5(1.392) (6) (1.0) Workshop 9

φVn = × 100.2
φ0.6 Fu t w (1.0)
1.5(1.392) (6) (1.0)
= × 100.2
0.75 (0.6 × 65) (0.27) (1.0)
= 158 k
561 562
563 564

Bolted / Bolted Double Angles Bolted / Bolted Double Angles

1" 2" Eccentricity not considered in these
2
114"
connections
W14x30 A992
3" 112 " For Bolt Rupture: φVn = φ Fv Ab x 6
3" tw = 0.27 in.
114" No New Limit States

2L 5 x 3 x 5/16 x 0'-8 1/2”A36
3/4” A325-N Bolts
565 566
Bolted / Welded Double Angles Bolted / Welded Double Angles
2L 3 x 3 x 5/16 x 0'-8 1/2" “Knife” Connection

A36 Beam to Column Flange
Bottom Cope to Permit Erection
W14x30
A992 812"
tw = 0.27 in. 2" New Limit States:
Coped Beam Web Strength at
Return
@ Top Tension Flange
3/4” A325-N Bolts 1/4"
4" Weld Strength on Out Standing Legs (OSL’s)
E70XX
– angle-to-column flange connection.
567 568

Coped Beam Web Strength at Weld Strength on OSL’s

Tension Flange e Vn /2
W14x30
φ Vn = φb Fy Snet / e O L/6
φb = 0.9 2"
L
Snet from Table 8-49
4" CL
Tension, ft Web
569 570
(V 2) f w = ft2 + f v2
e Vn /2 e Vn /2
fv = n O L/6 O L/6
L V
= n L2 + 12.96 e 2
∑ Mo = 0 L
2 L2
L
1  5  2  Vn CL
with f w = 1.392D CL
ft  L  L  = e Tension, ft Web Tension, ft Web
2  6  3  2
2 L2 (1.392 D)
V e φ Vn = (AISCM p.10-11)
ft = 1.8 n2
L L2 + 12.96 e 2
571 572

Bolted / Welded Double Angles Bolted / Welded Double Angles Example

Example: Calculate f Vn based on the weld
2 L2 (1.392 D)
rupture strength of the OSL’s φ Vn =
2L 3 x 3 x 5/16 x 0'-8 1/2"
A36 L2 + 12.96 e 2
W14x30 2 (8.5)2 (1.392 × 4)

A992
1"
82 =
tw = 0.27 in. 2" 8.5 2 + 12.96 × (3 + 0.27 2)2
Return
@ Top
= 57.0 k
1/4"
4" Note: Weld returns at top of angles have been
3/4” A325-N Bolts
e = 3 in. L = 8.5 in. E70XX neglected
573 574
SHEAR TAB OR SINGLE

Shear Tab or Single Plate
PLATE
Bolt
Single Plate
Line
Mw = Vu ew
Mw Mb
Mb = Vu eb
a eb
ew
575 576

Shear Tab or Single Plate Shear Tab or Single Plate

> 2 db
Single Plate
Rotation is obtained
by bolts “plowing”
the plate, which a 31 2 "
requires limiting the n 12

plate thickness
Conventional Shear Tab Connection
577 578

Conventional Connection Geometric Limitations
tp or tw < db /2 + 1/16 Lh
Leh > 2db for the plate Lv
and beam web.
a a Lev > limits in Table J3.4
2@3" L
a < 3 1/2 in.
Extended Shear Tab Connection
(Only Conventional Shear Tab Connections 2 < n = No. of Bolts < 12
a
will be Discussed.) L > T/2
579 580


Conventional Connection Geometric Eccentricities Plate Limit States:
– For standard holes • Shear Yielding
when n < 9 ignore eccentricity
when 10 < 10 < 12, e = n-4 and C = 1.25 • Shear Rupture
– For short slotted holes , ignore eccentricity when n < • Block Shear
12.
• Bearing / Tear Out
Weld Requirement • Plate Buckling
– tweld > 5/8 in. both sides of plate • Bolt Shear
581 582

• Plate Buckling Example: Determine required plate and
weld sizes for the conventional
connection shown.
L E70XX
W14x30
Vu = 40 k
Compression tw = 0.27 in
tp > L / 64 > 1/4 in. T = 12 in.
a < L / 4 for 12 in. < L < 27 in.

3/4 in. A325-N
Bolts
583 584


Example Example
Try 3 – 3/4 in. A325-N Bolts
Check Plate Geometry:
φVn = (0.75 x 48 x 0.4418) (3)
2db=2x3/4=1.5 in. < Leh=1.5 in.
= 15.9 x 3
Leh=1.5 in. > 1.25 (Table J3.4) 1"
= 47.7 k > Vu = 40 k 12
a= 3 in. < 3 ½ in.
Maximum Plate Thickness 2 < n < 12 2@3" 9" > T/2
= d/2 + 1/16 = 3/8 + 1/16 = 0.4375 in. 112"
Try 1/4 in. plate < tw = 0.27 in. Satisfactory 3" 1
12"
585 586

Example Example
Shear Rupture:
Plate Limit States
φVn = 0.75 (0.6 Fu) An = 41.6 k OK
t = 1/4 in.
Shear Yielding: Block Shear: 41.9 k OK
φ Vn = 1.0 (0.6 Fy) Ag
Bearing/Tear Out: 53.4 k OK
= 1.0 (0.6 x 36) (0.25 x 9)
= 48.6 k > 40 k OK Use PL 1/4 x 4 1/2 x 0’-9” A36
w/ 3 – ¾ in. A325-N Bolts
587 588


Example Example
Required Weld Size 11
2"
PL 1/4 x 4 1/2 x 0'-9"
tweld = 5/8 (1/4) = 5/32 in. 3/16 in.
2@3" 9"
Note: Beam web (tw = 0.27 in., A992 steel)
will not control bearing and tear
out. 3/16 112"
3" 1"
12
589 590
SINGLE ANGLE Single Angle Connections

CONNECTIONS
Eccentricity Assumptions for OSL
Horizontal short slots b Bolts
may be used in angle
Return
e a =e b ea
@ Top Angle
One Angle
CL Web CL Web
Bolted and Welded Alternatives
Bolted Single Row Bolted Double Row
591 592

Single Angle Connections Single Angle Connections

Eccentricity Assumptions for OSL
Notes:
2 t weld ew
• Eccentricity is ignored on the beam side
Return
when the connection is a single row.
• Standard holes or short slots can be used
on the beam side.
• Only standard holes should be used on
CL Web the supporting member side.
Welded
593 594

Additional Limit States for Bolted • Flexural Rupture
Connections
φVn = 0.75 Fu Znet / ea L
• Angle Flexural Yielding Znet:

φVn = 0.9 Fy Sg / ea L See AISCM Manual,
Table 15-2
Sg = tp L2/6
595 596

Single Angle Connections

• Combined Shear Plus Torque of Bolt
Group (Ultimate Strength Method)
φVn φVn
Table 7-7 Table 7-8

φVn = C (φrv)
597 598
• Bearing and Tear Out

db (in.) Min. t (in.)
3/4 3/8
φVn = C (φrvb)
7/8 3/8
where φrvb is the bearing/tear out strength at 1 1/2
the outermost bolt.
599 600

Single Angle Connections

Additional Limit States for Welded
Connections
• Shear Plus Torque of Weld
2 tweld
Return
φV n φV n
Table 8-10
601 602
Single Angle Connections Single Angle Connection Example

Example: Outstanding leg of previous Table 8
- 10 with l = 15 in. xl
connection welded. Determine required
kl = 6 in.
weld size. Column, tf = 0.710 in.
2 t weld k = 6 / 15 = 0.4 x = 0.057
Return al 15"
xl = 0.057 x 15 = 0.855 in.
Vu = 90 k
L6 x 6 x 3/8 x 1'-3" al = 0.38/2 + 6 – 0.855
Vu = 90 k = 5.34 in.
E70XX 0.19"
a = 5.34 / 15 = 0.356
603 604

Single Angle Connection Example

C = 2.18 by interpolation
Dreq’d = Vu / (φC C1 l)
= 90 / (0.75 x 2.18 x 1.0 x 15)
= 3.66 4/16 = 1/4 in.
Min. weld = 1/4 in. (Column tf = 0.710 in.)

Max weld = 5/16 in.
Use 1/4 in. Fillet weld
605 606
UNSTIFFENED SEATED Welded Unstiffened Seat

CONNECTIONS Connections
4" Stabilizer
Stabilizing
Clip
Angle
2"
Alternate
L4x4x1/4
Clip Position
Alternate
Location
Return
@ Top
Seat Angle
607 608

Welded Unstiffened Seat Beam Local Web Yielding

Connections
Limit States:
• Beam Local Web
Yielding – J10.2 N+2.5k
• Beam Local Web
Crippling – J10.3 Section J10.2
• Seat Angle Bending Web Local Yielding
N
• Seat Angle Shear φ = 1.0
Yielding Rn = (2.5kdesign + N)Fyw tw
• Weld Rupture
609 610
Beam Local Web Crippling Beam Local Web Crippling

Section J10.3 Web Local Crippling @ <d/2
N d < 0.2
  N  t w  
1.5
E Fy t f
R n = 0.40 t 1 + 3    
2
w
  d  t f   tw
N d > 0.2
 4N  t w  
1.5
E Fy t f
R n = 0.40 t 1 + 
2
- 0.2   
φ = 0.75 w
  d  t f   tw
611 612

Design Model for Angle Flexure Design Model for Angle Flexure
Supported Beam
The N
- distance is Setback = 1/2 in. Supported Beam
determined from the 3" N

Beam Tolerance = 1/4 in.
4
limit states of web 3"
4
N
Critical Section
yielding and web for Bending, Shear Use 3/4 in. setback Critical Section
r a = 3/8" for Bending, Shear
crippling, but not less ta in calculations r a = 3/8"
ta
than kdetailing.
Supporting Column
Supporting Column
613 614
Supported Beam
The maximum value of For the Limit State of Web Yielding

N is then used to 3" N
4 Ru
determine the Critical Section
N min = − 2.5 k design
for Bending, Shear 1.0 Fy t w
eccentricity: r a = 3/8"
ta
e = N/2 + (3/4 – 3/8) – ta
= N/2 + 3/8- ta Supporting Column
615 616

For the Limit State of Web Crippling Required angle thickness
Supported Beam
when N/d < 0.2 from OSL bending

d   t  1 .5 3" N
Ru tw 4
N min =  − 1  f 
3  0.75 (0.40 t 2w ) E Fy t f   t w  4 Ru e Critical Section
t req = for Bending, Shear
0.9 Fy La r a = 3/8"
ta
when N/d > 0.2
with La = angle length
d    t 
1.5
Ru tw 
N min =  − 1  f  + 0.2  e = N/2 + 3/8- ta
Supporting Column
4   0.75 (0.40 t 2w ) E Fy t f   t w  

617 618
Angle Shear Yielding Weld Rupture

Supported Beam
The weld is subjected
R u < φR n = 1.0(0.6Fy )Lat angle to eccentric shear. 3" N
4
φ Rn = 0.75CC1DL Critical Section
Therefore C is from Table -8 4for for Bending, Shear
r a = 3/8"
ta
Ru vertical welds or Table
t req = 8
- 6if welded all around. Supporting Column
1 .0 ( 0 .6 Fy ) L a
619 620

Stiffened Seated Connections

4" Stabilizer
Clip
2"
Alternate
Clip Position
Seat Plate
Stiffener
Optional
Trim Lines
621 622
Stiffened Seated Connections Stiffened Seated Connections

Limit States: Notes:
• Beam Web Yielding • 1/2 in. setback but 3/4 in. for calculations
• Beam Web Crippling • Seat plate > 3/8 in.
• Strength of Stiffener Plate • For unstiffened beam webs, the seat stiffener
• Eccentric Shear of Connecting Side Weld or thickness is a function of the beam and seat
Bolts stiffener yield stresses and the weld size.
• Column Web Failure
623 624


For Unstiffened Beams:
Seat Stiffener Column Web Failure
Beam, Fy Fy ts
36 36 tw
50 36 1.4 tw
50 50 tw
For Stiffened and Unstiffened Beams Stress Concentration

Seat Stiffener: ts (36 ksi) > 2 tweld Stress concentration requires stiff web.
ts (50 ksi) > 1.5 tweld
625 626

Column Web Failure LRFD Manual has a simplified approach
for sections heavier than:
38 lb/ft for W14 ( > W14x43)
35 lb/ft for W12 ( > W12x40)
30 lb/ft for W10 ( > W10x33)
21 lb/ft for W8 ( > W8x24)
Also need to prevent flange rotation.
627 628

Simplified approach rules:

• Beam must be bolted to seat with A325
or A490 bolts within the greater of W/2
or 2 5/8 in. from the column web.
• Special rules for W14x43
• Seat plate is not welded to the beam
• Weld size is limited to shear yield
strength of the column web
629 630
Design Examples
Workshop 10
For Home Study
631 632

Single Angle Connections Single Angle Connection Example

Example: Is the connection adequate?
Angle Flexural Yield
L8 x 6 x 3/8 x 1’-3” A36
Supporting Side OSL Controls a
W21x50 11
2" φVn = 0.9 Fy Sg / ea
A992
t w = 0.38 in.
Vu = 90 k Sg = (3/8) (15.0)2 / 6 = 14.06 in3
4@3" Vu
ea = 0.38 / 2 + 3 = 3.19 in.
Vu = 90 k
3/4 in. 11
2" φVn = 0.9 Fy Sg / ea
A325N Bolts
3" 2" = 0.9 (36) (14.06) / 3.19
114" 134" 3" = 142.9 k > 90 k OK
3" OSL
633 634

Angle Flexural Rupture
From Table 15-2

Znet = 15.1 in3
635 636

Single Angle Connection Example Single Angle Connection Example

Bolt Rupture eb
eb = 0.38 / 2 + 3 + 1.5 = 4.69 in.
φVn = 0.75 Fu Snet / ea
= 0.75 (58) (10.1) / 3.19 Vu
Table 7
- 8 3"
= 137.7 k > 90 k OK
n = 5 b = 3 in. s = 3 in.
By interpolation: C = 6.29
3"
637 638

3/4 in. A325-N
φrv = 0.75 x 48 x 0.4418
= 15.9 k
φVn = C (φrv) = 6.29 x 15.9

= 100 k > 90 k OK
639 640

Single Angle Connection Example Single Angle Connection Example

Bearing / Tear Out
Beam Web
Critical Bolts
Vu tw = 0.38 in > 3/8 in.
Brg. = 2.4 (58) (3/4 x 3/8)
will not control
= 39.2 k
T.O. = 1.2 (58) (1.5 – 13/32) (3/8)
= 28.5 k
Connection is adequate if supporting element
thickness is
φrbv = 0.75 (28.5)
= 21.4 k > φrv = 15.9 k OK > (15.9 / 39.2) (3/8) = 0.15 in.
641 642
Single Angle Design Example Single Angle Connection Example

Example: Outstanding leg of previous Table 8
- 10 with l = 15 in. xl
connection welded. Determine required
kl = 6 in.
weld size. Column, tf = 0.710 in.
2 t weld k = 6 / 15 = 0.4 x = 0.057
Return al 15"
xl = 0.057 x 15 = 0.855 in.
Vu = 90 k
L6 x 6 x 3/8 x 1'-3" al = 0.38/2 + 6 – 0.855
Vu = 90 k = 5.34 in.
E70XX 0.19"
a = 5.34 / 15 = 0.356
643 644


C = 2.18 by interpolation
Dreq’d = Vu / (C C1 l)
= 90 / (2.18 x 1.0 x 15)
= 2.75 3/16 in.
Min. weld = 1/4 in. (Column tf = 0.710 in.)

Max weld = 5/16 in.
Use 1/4 in. Fillet weld
645 646
Unstiffened Seat Connection Ex. Unstiffened Seat Connection Ex.

CL
Example: Web
W14x90 Column
0.440" Example: Determine
W18x46 A992 (1) if seat angle is adequate, and
W18x46 (2) required weld size.
bf = 6.06 in.
Vu = 35 k
t f = 0.605 in.
d = 18.06 in. A36 Angle E70xx Electrode
t w = 0.360 in.
L4 x 4 x 5/8 x 0'-8" kdetailing = 1 1/4 in.
kdesign = 1.01in.
?
647 648


For the Limit State of Web Crippling
For the Limit State of Web Yielding assuming N/d < 0.2
d  t  1 .5
Ru Ru tw
N min = − 2 .5 k design N min =  − 1  f 
1 .0 Fy t w 3  0.75( 0.40 t 2w ) E Fy t f   t w 
35
= − 2 .5 x 1 .01
1 .0 x 50 x 0 .360 18.06  35 0.360  0.605 1.5
=  − 1 
= − 0 .58 < k detailing 3  0.75 ( 0.40x0.360 2 ) 29000x50x0.605  0.360 
= −5.6 in.
649 650

Required angle thickness from OSL bending
For the Limit State of Web Crippling,
Supported Beam
N =- 5.5 in. < kdetailing e = N/2 + 3/8 – ta
= 1.25/2 + 3/8 – 5/8
N
Therefore = 0.375 in.
3"
4
Critical Section
N = kdetailing = 1.25 in. for Bending, Shear
r a = 3/8"
ta
Check
N/d = 1.25/18.06 = 0.069 < 0.2 OK Supporting Column
651 652


With La = 8 in. Required angle thickness from
OSL Shear Yielding:
4 R ue
t req = Ru
0 .9 F y L a t req =
1 .0 ( 0 .6 Fy )L a
4 x 35 x 0 . 375 35
= =
0 . 9 x 36 x 8 . 0 1 . 0 ( 0 . 6 x 36 ) 8 . 0
= 0 . 20 in . < 5/8 in. OK
= 0.45 in. < 5/8 in. OK
653 654
Unstiffened Seat Connection Ex.

Determine required weld size.
Using Table 8- 4with
angle = 0 degrees
k = 0.0
e = 3/4 + N/2 = 3/4 + 1.25/2 = 1.375 in.
a = e/L = 1.375/4.0 = 0.344
Find C = 2.90
655 656


CL
Web
W14x90 Column
Dmin = Ru/fCC1L = 35/(0.75x2.9x1.0x4.0) 0.440"
= 4.0 1/16ths W18x46 A992
Min. Weld = ¼ in.
Vu = 35 k
Use ¼ in. fillet weld both sides of angle legs.
Returns at top.
L4 x 4 x 5/8 x 0'-8"
1/4
657 658
659 660


Framing (Shear) Connections Connection Types

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Framing (Shear) Connections Connection Types

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Structural Steel Design According

to the 2005 AISC Specification

FRAMING (SHEAR) CONNECTIONS CONNECTION TYPES

Type III, PR Moment Connection • Shear Tab or Single Plate

• No Holes in Beam Note: End Plate Thickness Range is 1/4" to 3/8"

CIMEPI - August 2007

• Weld or Bolt to Beam

CIMEPI - August 2007

CIMEPI - August 2007

SHEAR TAB or SINGLE PLATE

Advantages: Single Plate

• Simple – Few Parts

TEE CONNECTION Min. Clearance

• Tee can be Heavy Tee

• Stiffer than Other Types except Shear Tab

CIMEPI - August 2007

UNSTIFFENED SEATED CONNECTION STIFFENED SEATED CONNECTION

• Few Parts 4" Stabilizer

• Few Bolts 2"

• Requires Stability • Requires Stability Stiffener

• Where is the pin?

CIMEPI - August 2007

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

• Where is the pin?

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

End edge distances are taken 1/4 in. less

CIMEPI - August 2007

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

• Beam Length Tolerance • Beam Length Tolerance

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

CIMEPI - August 2007

NEW LIMIT STATES Block Shear in Coped Beams

• Coped Beam Flexural Strength

Block Shear in Coped Beams Single Coped Beam

CIMEPI - August 2007

Double Coped Beam Coped Beam Flexural Strength

Local Web Buckling

Coped Beam Flexural Strength Coped Beam Flexural Strength

CIMEPI - August 2007

Coped Beam Flexural Strength Coped Beam Flexural Strength Example

Example: Determine if Adequate. W14x30

Fcr = 26,210 (tw / ho)2 f k < Fy fMn = φ Fy Snet 2

c / ho = 8.0 / 10.8 = 0.740 < 1.0

CIMEPI - August 2007

SHEAR END-PLATES Shear End-Plate Limit States

Note: End Plate Thickness Range is 1/4" to 3/8"

Shear End-Plate Limit States Shear End-Plate Example

CIMEPI - August 2007

Shear End-Plate Example Shear End-Plate Example

W14x30 Fy = 50 ksi Fu = 65 ksi Coped Beam Flexural Strength

Shear End-Plate Example Shear End-Plate Example

Beam Web Strength at Weld Weld Limit State

CIMEPI - August 2007

Shear End-Plate Example

Shear End-Plate Example Shear End-Plate Example

CIMEPI - August 2007

Shear End-Plate Example Shear End-Plate Example

Plate Block Shear

Shear End-Plate Example Shear End-Plate Example

Plate Bearing / Tear Out

Other: 1.2 Fu Lc t = (1.2 x 58) (3 – 13/16) (1/4)

CIMEPI - August 2007

Shear End-Plate Example Shear End-Plate Example